Basic purpose of coolant is to take away generated cutting heat from the cutting zone, and thereby keep

the cutting zone temperature low.Basic purpose of lubricant is to reduce coefficient of friction between
rake surface of cutter and chip, and thereby minimize rate of heat generation.

Types of Automotive Lubricants:

Motor Oil: Motor oil is the most common type of automotive oil used. Many vehicle manufactures
recommend replacing motor oil every 3,000 miles. Motor oil typically contains additives to prevent break
down, corrosion and reduce foaming. Motor comes in many different viscosity ratings. Viscosity of an oil
is its thickness. It measures the oil's internal resistance to flow, or friction. The smaller the viscosity
number, the thinner the oil is and the easier it flows. Most automobile manufactures recommend a
multi-grade motor oil like 5W-30. The purpose of a multi-grade oil is to have a certain viscosity rating
when the oil is cold and a separate, but limited, viscosity rating when the oil heats. The "W" stands for
winter, not weight.

Gear Oil: Gear oil is used when a high temperature lubrication is needed. Commonly used in a vehicle's
differential and manual transmission, gear oil typically has a viscosity rating above 75. A common gear oil
is 75W-90. Gear oil has a distinctive smell.

Transmission Fluid: Transmission fluid is a slick lubricant that serves many purposes. It lubricates all
moving parts in the transmission, cools the transmission, prevents corrosion and conditions the seals.
Transmission fluid is brightly colored to help detect leaks. Transmission fluid should be checked with the
vehicle running on a flat and level surface. The dipstick usually is located toward the rear of the engine
compartment. Transmission fluid is commonly used in a four-wheel drive's transfer case.

Wheel Bearing and Chassis Grease: This is the most commonly used automotive grease. It is found in the
suspension and steering joints. To prevent premature wear, suspension parts should be lubricated
regularly and when ever squeaks and groans are heard. Parts that need lubrication have grease fittings.
This type of grease commonly comes in a tube that fits in a grease gun. The grease gun will attach to the
grease fittings and when the trigger is squeezed grease will enter the fitting. This is not a high-
temperature grease and will not work on the wheel bearings of a vehicle with disc brakes.

High-temperature Wheel Bearing Grease: This grease is designed for high-temperature applications.
Vehicles with disc brakes use this type of grease in its wheel bearings. It contains an additive that
remains slippery even when the grease dries.

White Grease: White grease is a water proof grease designed to work in metal to metal applications
where water penetration is a problem. White grease will not wash away or dilute in water. White grease
typically has a large temperature rating.

Electronic Grease: Used on electrical connections where the heat must not build up, electronic grease is
sometimes called heat-sink grease. This grease will not conduct electricity.
Penetration Lubricants: This type of lubricant typically comes in an aerosol can. It is used to loosen and
lubricate seized, rusted and corroded nuts and bolts. This lubricant works best when it is allowed to soak
in. After letting it soak in, use a wire brush to clean the threads then reapply the penetrating oil.

Graphite: Graphite should be used to lubricate parts that should not be exposed to oils. A common place
to use graphite would be in door locks.

Inorganic Acid Technology (IAT)

Commonly used in the cars produced in USA between 1920 and 1990.

This coolant contains silicates and phosphate corrosion inhibitors to protect metal parts such as the
radiator and engine.

Usually found in a bright green color, it is recommended to be flushed out of the cooling system every
30,000 miles or every 2 years. This coolant is typically used in older cars manufactured before the mid
1990s ( Domestic vehicles from ’20s to ’90s, GM, Ford, Chrysler)

Organic Acid Technology (OAT)

Present in newer cars all over the world, OAT coolant color ranges from orange, bright red, red, blue and
dark green.

This coolant does not contain silicates or phosphates, however it contains corrosion inhibitors that
enables it to last for a much longer period of time. Special additives are used to prevent rust and
corrosion, however metal parts could support some wear in time. It is recommended to be flushed out
of the cooling system every 135,000 miles or every 10 years. Typically used in newer cars. While usable
in older model cars also, it is best to check the owners manual to make sure that OAT coolants would be
safe and effectively used. (Typically used in GM, VW, Honda, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Toyota)

Hybrid Organic Acid Technology (HOAT)

A mix between IAT and OAT coolants, it is designed for new cars. This coolant contains added silicates
that increase aluminium protection and prevents corrosion. Additives are also present to prevent rusting.
To differentiate these a little easier, HOAT coolants are found in yellow and orange colors.

It is recommended to be flushed out of the cooling system every 150,000 miles or every 5 years.
(Typically used in Major European, German and Asian car manufacturers, Chrysler)