TỔNG HỢP

Bài Mẫu BAND 8

IELTS WRITING TASK 2
chủ đề
ENVIRONMENT

Anh Ngữ ZIM biên soạn

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 1. Environmental protection should be the responsibility of politicians, not individuals
as individuals can do too little. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Bài mẫu

Some people think that politicians should be responsible for protecting the environment
as there is nothing much that individuals can do about this problem. In my opinion, the
responsibility to protect the environment should not fall upon politicians alone because
ordinary citizens can make a significant contribution.

Firstly, politicians can urge the government to impose new laws against actions that
damage the environment. For instance, one of the major factors leading to environmental
pollution is the overuse of plastic products, like bottles and bags, and this can be stopped
if the government issues an official ban on all companies from using plastic packaging. In
addition, the rate of deforestation can also be reduced if high-ranking bureaucrats agree
to impose strict punishments, such as long-term imprisonment and heavy fines, on those
who cut down trees illegally. However, besides introducing and enforcing new laws and
regulations, I doubt that there is any further action that politicians can take to protect the
environment.

On the other hand, I believe that ordinary people, through small, everyday actions, can
also greatly contribute to protecting the environment. First, citizens in many countries, like
the Netherlands, have now shifted towards using bicycles and subway trains for their daily
travel instead of cars, which has so far helped reduce a tremendous amount of CO2
released into the air, and improved air quality. Second, the problem of polluted oceans has
also been tackled in many places thanks to groups of young people who voluntarily spend
their time cleaning up beaches, or even diving into water to pick up trash. For example,
many students in Nha Trang, a coastal city of Vietnam, spent nearly their whole summer
holiday in 2018 keeping the beaches of their hometown clean by collecting all the trash
from tourists, and even banned Chinese people from entering certain areas to prevent
them from littering

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In conclusion, I hold the view that politicians alone cannot deal with all environmental
problems, and therefore individuals should also make a contribution to protecting our
environment.

Từ vựng

1. The responsibility falls upon something/someone: trách nhiệm đổ lên đầu ai hoặc
cái gì đó

2. Impose new laws against something: ban hành luật chống lại việc gì đó

3. The overuse of plastic products: việc sử dụng quá nhiều sản phẩm nhựa

4. Long-term imprisonment: việc bỏ tù dài hạn

5. Shift towards something: chuyển hướng sang việc gì đó

6. Dive into water to pick up trash: lặn xuống nước để nhặt rác

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 2. The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the
natural environment. What are the causes of this? What can be done to slove this
problem?

Bài mẫu

Nowadays, as more consumer goods are manufactured, more damage has been inflicted
on the environment. I will outline several reasons for this and put forward some measures
to this issue.

First of all, the increase in the production of consumer products harms the environment
in two ways: the chemical by-products from the manufacturing process and the mass
production of disposable goods. As more goods are produced, more toxic wastes and
emissions are released from factories into nature. Water sources are contaminated, and
the air is severely polluted, which results in the deaths of many marine and terrestrial
animals. Also, to accommodate customers’ ever-increasing demands, more single-use
products are introduced, most of which are non-biodegradable. Though having a short
lifespan, these products can remain as wastes for thousands of years, turning our planet
into a huge landfill and posing a threat to the living habitats of all creatures.

Actions must be taken as soon as possible to minimize the negative impacts on the
environment arising from the increasing amount of consumer goods. First, companies
should promote the use of eco-friendlier materials. For example, the giant coffee chain
Starbucks has recently replaced plastic straws with reusable alternatives made of materials
like paper or bamboo. In addition, many governments are also encouraging the
development of more sustainable manufacturing processes. For instance, many states in
the U.S offer tax breaks and incentives for businesses using renewable energy, and some
firms are even allowed to purchase green energy at cheaper prices than traditional fossil
fuels.

In conclusion, there are two main reasons why the environment is severely impacted by
the increase in the production of consumer goods. To address this issue, governments and

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companies must join hands to make the production lines more environmentally friendly by
switching to greener materials.

Từ vựng

1. Chemical by-products: sản phẩm hóa học phụ (trong quá trình sản xuất)

2. Manufacturing process / production lines: quy trình sản suất

3. Marine and terrestrial animals: động vật trên cạn và dưới nước

4. Single-use product: sản phẩm dùng một lần

5. Non-biodegradable: không phân hủy được

6. Short lifespan: vòng đời ngắn

7. Landfill: bãi rác

8. Eco-friendlier materials: vật liệu thân thiện với môi trườg

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 3. Some people think that a huge amount of time and money is spent on the protection
of wild animals, and that this money could be better spent on the human population. To
what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

Bài mẫu

There is some debates over whether money that is spent on wildlife protection could be
better spent on helping people. Personally, I believe that the protection of wild animals is
extremely important and that countries need to invest more money in preserving their
native animal species.

Firstly, I do not believe that much time or money is actually spent on protecting wild
animals. In addition, I believe that a large majority of time that people spend on such issues
is voluntary work that people do because they are passionate about saving and helping
animals. Additionally, a large amount of money that is spent on these causes is from charity
organisations which rely mostly on donations. Therefore, we cannot tell people what
charities that they should or should not donate their time and money towards.

Secondly, while many people believe that humans are the superior race on planet Earth,
others, including myself, feel that all living beings, human and animal, have equal rights to
live in peace, and therefore the protection of all animals and their habitats is extremely
important. Human activity is no doubt the main cause of most problems wild animals face.
The human race has continued to destroy the planet and the natural habitats of wild
animals and therefore should be responsible for protecting them so that they can live wild
and free, as is their natural state. In conclusion, I firmly believe that it is essential for the
health of the planet to maintain a diverse range of animals and wildlife within all eco-
systems. I also believe that due to the widespread devastation humans have caused to the
natural environment, it is our responsibility to do whatever necessary, regardless of time
and money, in order to restore a healthy balance to the planet’s natural environments.

(302 words)

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Từ vựng

1. Preserve = maintain = protect something (v): Bảo vệ, bảo tồn

2. Be passionate about something: Đam mê về cái gì đó
3. Charity organizations (n): Tổ chức từ thiện
4. To be the main cause of something: Là nguyên nhân chính cho cái gì đó
5. The natural habitats of wild animals: Môi trường sống tự nhiên của động vật
6. To be responsible for something: Có trách nhiệm cho cái gì đó
7. The widespread devastation: Sự lan rộng tàn phá

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 4. Individuals can do nothing to improve the environment; only governments and large
companies can make a difference. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Bài mẫu

Environmental issues have become an increasing concern among individuals and

governments in the modern world. Some people reject the role of individuals and argue
that environmental protection can only be achieved by the governments and big
businesses. I personally consider this to be a flawed argument, and I will explain my
reasoning in the following essay.

In reality, governments and corporations take responsibility for protecting the

environment. Governments could enact laws to reduce many environmental problems,
while large companies are capable of investing large amounts of money in sustainable
development goals. However, all the policies and campaigns will show no effect without
the active cooperation of residents. In Vietnam, although the government tries to raise the
public’s awareness of environmental issues and even imposes heavy fines on those who
violate environmental laws, many beaches and the surrounding ecosystems have been
badly polluted by the sheer number of visitors. Therefore, I believe that there needs to be
more action taken from individuals in such situations.

Furthermore, all the combined actions of all people will have a profound impact on the
bigger picture. Researchers found that an individual will reduce greenhouse gas emissions
by around 1500 pounds per year if he leaves his car at home two days a week. Another
prime example is in waste management processes. While residents can spend just a few
minutes separating their biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste, it takes days for
waste recycling plants to achieve the same task.

In conclusion, I disagree with the opinion that the environmental issues can only be
reduced by governments and large enterprises because individuals also need to make a
significant contribution to the process of keeping the planet clean. In other words, this
matter can only be dealt with by simultaneous participation of governments, companies
and residents.

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Từ vựng

1. To take responsibility for something: Có trách nhiệm cho việc gì đó

2. To enact laws: Ban hành luật pháp
3. To be capable of doing something: Có năng lực, khả năng làm cái gì đó
4. Sustainable development goals: Mục tiêu phát triển bền vững
5. The active cooperation of residents: Sự hợp tác tích cực của người dân.
6. To raise somebody’s awareness of something: Nâng cao nhận thức của ai đó về cái
gì đó
7. To impose heavy fines on something: Phạt nặng vào cái gì đó
8. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions: Giảm khí thải nhà kính
9. Waste management processes: Quy trình quản lý rác thải
10. biodegradable (adj): Có khả năng phân huỷ
11. To make a significant contribution to something: Đóng một vai trò quan trọng vào
việc gì đó.

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 5. The responsibility for the protection of the environment is by a transnational
organization or every country?

Bài mẫu

It is believed that traffic and pollution issues would be best tackled by inflating the price
of petroleum. In my opinion, this idea is completely flawed and there are several
reasonable alternatives.

Clearly the price of fuel has little to do with pressing problems of traffic and pollution. The
inevitable demand for time efficience and safe commuting in the modern world makes the
change of fuel prices become rather insignificant, which proves the ineffectiveness of the
suggested policy. In other words, even if the price were increased, people would still travel
by their preferred form of transport on a daily basis and the problems of traffic and
pollution would remain. Additionally, this solution could easily trigger social disagreement
and resentment. This, coupled with the reluctance of using expensive fuel to travel every
day, could be counter-productive and this proposed idea would become irrelevant.

On the other hand, alternatives to increasing the price of petrol show greater
effectiveness. Firstly, governments could implement certain regulations restricting the
use of private vehicles such as cars and turn people to using public transportation. This
would relieve many roads from heavy traffic congestion by reducing the number of
vehicles on the road, which in turn alleviates the problem of pollution caused by exhaust
emissions. Secondly, in many cities around the world, cycling has proved to be an effective,
environmentally friendly form of alternative transport and should be encouraged more in
other major cities. Certain infrastructure, such as separate zones for cyclists, should be
created to help avoid the overload of traffic during rush hour when the number of vehicles
can exceed the road’s capacity.

In conclusion, I believe that heightening the price of fuel used for travelling to address
traffic and pollution problems is somewhat absurd; and that there is a number of other
more suitable and effective solutions.

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Từ vựng

1. Pressing problems of traffic and pollution: Những vấn đề đáng quan ngại về giao
thông và ô nhiễm
2. Time efficience and safe commuting: Tiết kiệm thời gian và di chuyển an toàn
3. Travel by their preferred form of transport: Đi lại bằng loại hình phương tiện họ
muốn
4. Trigger social disagreement and resentment: Rấy lên sự bất đồng từ xã hội
5. Regulations restricting the use of private vehicles: Quy chế giảm thiểu sự sử dụng
phương tiện cá nhân
6. Relieve many roads from heavy traffic congestion: Giảm tải đường phố khỏi ách
tắc giao thông
7. Separate zones for cyclists: Khu vực riêng cho lái xe đạp
8. Exceed the road’s capacity: Vượt quá trọng tải của đường

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 6. The responsibility for the protection of the environment is by a transnational
organization or every country?

Bài mẫu

Some people argue that protecting the environment should be the duty of each individual
nation, while others believe that it should be the responsibility of a multinational
organisation. Personally, I believe that although each country needs to be responsible for
the protection of its own natural landscapes, there should also be an international
governing body that monitors each country’s actions.

First and foremost, the protection of the environment should ultimately be the
responsibility of each individual nation and its inhabitants. A healthy and flourishing
natural environment is essential for healthy human societies. The people who live in a
country are the ones who will mainly be affected by environmental destruction and
damage within that country, and it is therefore these people who should be most
concerned. When a country pollutes its atmosphere and water-ways with toxic emissions
from heavy industry, the burning of fossil fuels and incorrect waste disposal, the people
of that nation must breathe that contaminated air and utilise that polluted water, and this
can have detrimental effects on people’s physical health and well-being.

However, unfortunately, many countries governments are riddled with corruption and the
best interests of the people are not always maintained. Therefore, it is necessary for an
international organisation to monitor and educate people about the activities occurring
within each country with regards to environmental issues. Many people around the world
simply do not realise the short and long-term impacts that their actions have on the
environment, and I believe that education is one effective answer to help solve this
problem. Another cause of concern is that the actions of one country’s environmental
destruction can have negative impacts on nearby neighbouring countries, and this is where
an international organisation can help to monitor such circumstances.

In conclusion, although environmental protection needs to be the responsibility of each

individual nation, there should also be one transnational organisation that educates and

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monitors environmental concerns. There are many countries, yet only one planet, and
therefore there needs to be cooperation in order for a healthy and sustainable future.

Từ vựng

1. Multinational/ international governing body/ transnational organisation: tổ chức

đa quốc gia/ quốc tế
2. Pollutes its atmosphere and water ways with toxic emissions: ô nhiễm bầu không
khí và đường dẫn nước với chất thải độc hại
3. Riddle with corruption: đắm chìm trong ô nhiễm
4. Short and long-term impacts: ảnh hưởng ngắn và dài hạn

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 7. Some people think international car-free days are an effective way of reducing air
pollution; however, others think there are other ways ?

Bài mẫu

While international car-free days are thought to effectively reduce levels of air pollution,
some people believe that there are other alternatives that are more effective. This essay
will discuss both of these views.

It is true that exhaust fumes from cars are a major cause of air pollution as they contain a
relatively high proportion of pollutants such as CO2. By having some days without cars on
the road, no harmful smoke will be released into the atmosphere, and this will therefore
improve the air quality. This policy is extremely effective in big cities around the world,
such as Beijing, which is well known for its dirty air smog filled atmosphere. Since this car-
free day policy has been introduced, the air quality of the city has greatly improved.

On the other hand, local governments should try to further encourage the use of public
transport, such as subways and buses, as they effectively produce a smaller quantity of
pollutants, which in turn is less likely to impact the air quality. In addition to this, the
disposal of waste, especially plastic waste which emits toxic fumes if burned, should be
closely regulated and monitored. The final and most effective way of reducing air pollution
is to use sustainable and environmentally-friendly energy sources, such as solar or wind
power, to replace fossil fuels in the long term.

In my view, these measures are all effective in addressing the problem of air pollution, but
only to a certain extent. Such a problem needs to be dealt with by a number of different
approaches and I believe that only implementing one approach will be ineffective.

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Từ vựng

1. Exhaust fumes: Khí thải

2. Relatively high proportion of pollutants: Hàm lượng chất gây ô nhiễm cao
3. Encourage the use of public transport: Khuyến khích sử dụng phương tiện giao
thông công cộng
4. Plastic waste: Chất thải plastic
5. Emit toxic fumes: Thải ra khí độc
6. Use sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources: Sử dụng những
nguồn năng lượng bền vững và thân thiện với môi trường

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