M Constructii Cap Piatra

DETAII Practice
Dressed
Types of stone
Details
Examples
Theodor Hugues
Ludwig Steiger
Johann Weber
Birkhäuser
Edition Detail
Dressed stone sources in Germany (selection
Granite, granodiorite, diorite
Bauzing {Wolfenstein) granodiorite B e r b i n g granite B i r k e n k o p f granite

Bauzing, Hauzenberg, Lower Bavaria Berbing, Hauzenberg, Lower Bavaria Birkenkopf, Blankenburg, Saxony-Anhall
Georg Kusser Granitwerk GmbH Georg Zankl KG Harz-Granit Natursteinwerke
medium grey light grey grey with red-brownish sheen
fine-grained consistently medium-grained medium-grained
Surface treatment: see p. 96 Surface treatment: see p. 96 Surface treatment: see p.
External: floors, facades External: floors, facades External: floors, facades
Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls
West wing of Messe Nürnberg Pedestrian precinct, Hassfurt Reference project: -
Density 2.6 g / c m 3
Density 2.66 g / c
Compressive strength 206 N / m m 2
Compressive strength 210 N/m
Abrasion resistance 3
7.0 c m / 5 0 c m 2
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance 3
6.1 c m / 5 0 c
Frost-resistant Frost-resistant Frost-resistant
Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p.
Blauenthal granite B o b e n h o l z (Achertal) granite D e m i t z - T h u m i t z granodiorite

Blauenthal, Aue, Saxony Kappelrodeck, Achern, Baden-Wurttemb Demitz-Thumitz, Bischofswerda, Saxony
Blauenthal Granitwerk Schùtz GmbH Natursteinwerk Basalt-Actien-Gesellschaft
yellow to shades of orange, or shades of whitish to pale grey bluish light grey to medium grey
pink fine-grained medium- to coarse-grained, no orientati
medium-grained Surface treatment: see p. 96 Surface treatment: see p.
Surface treatment: see p. 96 External: floors, facades External: floors, facades
External: floors, facades Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls
Internal: floors, walls Reference project: - Reference project: -
Reference project: - Density 2.60 g / c m3
Density 2.66 g/c,
3
Density 2.60 - 2.65 g / c m Compressive strength 196 N / m m 2
Compressive strength 202 N/m
Compressive strength 175 - 194 N / m m 2
6 cm /50cm 2
6.1 c m / 5 0 c
3
Abrasion resistance 7.1 - 7.3 c m / 5 0 c m 2
Frost-resistant Frost-resistant
Frost-resistant Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p.
Thermal expansion see p. 94
60 Original samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoidab
Dressed stone sources in Germany (selection)
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Eging granite Eitzing granite E p p r e c h t s t e i n granite

Elnzendobl, Eging, Tittling, Lower Bavaria Eitzing, Hauzenberg, Lower Bavaria Kirchenlamitz, Upper Franconia
Peter Neissendorfer Granitwerk Einzendobl Georg Kusser Granitwerk GmbH Bernhard Oppenrieder Steinmetzbetrieb
white-grey light grey yellow-grey to yellowish
c:oarse-A/ariable-grained, porphyritic consistently medium-grained medium- to coarse-grained
• u r f a c e treatment: see p. 96 Surface treatment: see p. 96 Surface treatment: see p. 96
I xternal: floors, facades External: floors, facades External: floors, facades
Local goverment offices, Vilshofen Munich Airport German parliament building, Berlin
3
Density 2.66g/cm Density 2.61 g / c m3
2
Compressive strength 223 - 227 N / m m Compressive strength 152 - 159 N / m m 2
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance 3 2

7 - 7.5 c m / 5 0 c m Abrasion resistance 3
5.0 c m / 5 0 c m 2

Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94
HL* i
r lossenbürg granite Fùrstenstein diorite Gertelbach granite

'ssenbürg, Weiden, Upper Franconia Furstenstein, Lower Bavaria Buhl, Baden-Wurttemberg
/iinkl, Baumann Georg Kusser Granitwerk GmbH VSG Schwarzwald-Granit-Werke GmbH
Ailioitsgemeinschaft Natursteinwerke dark grey reddish
blue to yellow medium-grained, even-grained coarse-grained
1
in im- to coarse-grained Surface treatment: see p. 96 Surface treatment: see p. 96
•Urface treatment: see p. 96 External: floors, facades External: floors, facades
mXlemal: floors, facades Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls
'-mal: floors, walls Regensburg University Schlosshotel Buhler Hòhe, Baden-Baden
m r m a n Patents Office, Munich Density 2.82 g / c m 3
Density 2.60-2.75 g/cm 3
3
Density 2.63-2.75 g/cm Compressive strength 205 N / m m 2
Compressive strength 1 8 4 - 190 N / m m 2
2
pressive strength 151 - 2 1 2 N / m m Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance 6 - 7 cm /50cm 3 2
3 2
ii • i' .ion resistance 5-7.2 cm /50cm Frost-resistant Frost-resistant
[frost-resistant Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion 0.80 mm/m100K
nhermal expansion see p. 94
prlijinal samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoidable. 61
Herrenholz granodiorite K a l t r u m granite K a m e n z granodiorite

Oberreureuth, Hauzenberg, Lower Bavaria Kaltrum, Hauzenberg, Lower Bavaria Kamenz, Miltitz, Saxony
Georg Kusser Granitwerke GmbH Georg Kusser Granitwerk GmbH Boral Granit
medium grey to blue grey light grey
fine-grained consistently fine-grained medium- to coarse-grained, no orientati
External: floors, facades External: floors, paving, facades External: floors, facades
Neue Messe, Munich Pedestrian precinct, Passau Reference project: -
Density 2.64 g / c m3
Density 2.61 - 2.65 g / c m 3
Density 2.7 g / c m
2 2
Compressive strength 213N/mm Compressive strength 1 1 0 - 1 5 3 N / m m Compressive strength 168 N / m m '
3
Abrasion resistance 3 2
8.21 c m / 5 0 c m Abrasion resistance 3 2
6.8 c m / 5 0 c m Abrasion resistance 7.3 c m / 5 0 c n i
Knaupsholz granite K ö s s e i n e granite K r o n r e u t h granodiorite

Knaupsholz, Schierke, Saxony-Anhalt Kösseine, Schurbach, Upper Franconia Wotzdorf-Hauzenberg, Lower Bavaria
Harz-Granit Natursteinwerke Ludwig Popp Granitwerk Georg Kusser Granitwerk GmbH
pink to reddish-yellow, grey-yellowish bluish medium grey to blue
medium-grained coarse-grained, porphyritic fine-grained, homogeneous
Surface treatment: see p. 96 Surface treatment: see p. 96 Surface treatment: see p. 9
Reference project: - Munich Central Station Rechts der Isar Hospital,
Pathology Dept, Munich
Compressive strength 1 4 9 - 1 6 1 N / m m 2
Density 2.7 g / c m
3 2
Abrasion resistance 6.6 c m / 5 0 c m Abrasion resistance 3
4.7 c m / 5 0 c m 2
Compressive strength 1 7 5 - 183 N/mm
3
Abrasion resistance 6.6 - 7.3 c m / 5 0 c m
Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94 Frost-resistant
62 Original samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoidable
Meissen granite M e t t e n granite M i t t w e i d a granite

Meissen, Saxony Innenstetten, Metten, Lower Bavaria Mittweida, Chemnitz, Saxony
Roter Granit Meissen GmbH Steingewin- Georg Bauer Granitwerk Natursteinwerk Mittweida GmbH
nung yellowish or light grey grey-red to medium red
reddish to crimson fine- to medium-grained, consistent fine-grained, very consistent texture
medium- to giant-grained Surface treatment: see p. 96 Surface treatment: see p. 96
Surface treatment: see p. 96 External: floors, facades External: floors, facades
Internal: floors, walls Plinth of German parliament building, Bus terminal, Mittweida
3
"eference project: - Berlin Density 2.61 g / c m
2
Compressive strength 167 - 176 N/mm
2
Compressive strength see p. 94 Compressive strength 124 N / m m Abrasion resistance see P- 94
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Frost-resistant
Frost-resistant Frost-resistant Thermal expansion see P- 94
Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94
N a m m e r i n g granite R a u m i i n z a c h granite Reinersreuth (Waldstein) granite

Nammering, Aicha v. Wald, Lower Raumûnzach, Forbach, Baden-Wurttemb. Relnersreuth, Kirchenlamitz,
Bavaria Adam Schutz Granitwerk GmbH & Co. KG Upper Franconia
Alois Bauer Granitwerke KG reddish or grey Reinersreuther Granitwerke
blue-grey and pale yellow to grey-white coarse-grained yellowish-grey
medium-grained Surface treatment: see p. 96 medium-grained
Surface treatment: see p. 96 External: floors, facades Surface treatment: see P- 96
External: floors, facades Internal: floors, walls External: floors, facades
Internal: floors, walls Goethe/Schiller monument, Weimar Internal: floors, walls
3
edestrian precinct, Hassfurt Density 2.60 g / c m Wittenbergplatz, Berlin
3
Density 2.60 g / c m Compressive strength 188 N / m m 2
2
Compressive strength 1 4 9 - 183 N / m m 2
5.3 c m / 5 0 c m 2
Compressive strength 167 N / m m
3 2 3 2
Abrasion resistance 6.2 c m / 5 0 c m Frost-resistant Abrasion resistance 5.8 c m / 5 0 c m
Frost-resistant Thermal expansion 0.75mm/m100K Frost-resistant
Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see P- 94
Original samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoidable. 63
R i n c h n a c h granite R o g g e n s t e i n granite Thanstein granodiorite

Grub, Rinchnach, Regen, Lower Bavaria Roggenstein, Weiden, Upper Palatinate Thanstein, Schwandorf, Upper Palatinato
Kubitscheck Granit- & Schotterwerke Leonhard Jakob Granitwerk Alois Herrmann Granitwerk
light grey grey to grey-white grey
fine- to finest-grained, no orientation medium- to coarse-grained, porphyritic consistently coarse-grained
Surface treatment: see p. 96 Surface treatment: see p. 96 Surface treatment: see p. '
ADAC headquarters, Munich Roman Germanic Museum, Cologne Reference project: -
3
Density 3
2.65 - 2.67 g / c m Density 2.72 g / c m Density 2.66 g / c n
2
Compressive strength 191 N / m m Compressive strength 202 N/mrr
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p.
Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. SM
Tittling (Bayerwald Rosa) granite Z s c h o r l a u granite Z u f u r t granite

Hohenberg, Tittling, Lower Bavaria Zschortau, Aue, Saxony Zufurt, Tröstau, Wunsiedel,
Hotzendorfer Granitwerk Merckenschlager Gunther Süss Granitwerk Upper Franconia
grey-pink, beige-pink to grey-yellow reddish, grey to shades of pink Braun Natursteine
coarse-grained coarse-grained, partly porphyritic yellowish
Surface treatment: see p. 96 Surface treatment: see p. 96 medium-grained
External: floors, facades External: floors, facades Surface treatment: see p. 9
Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls Extertal: floors, facades
Fire Brigade Training School, Regensburg Reference project: - Internal: floors, walls
Density 2. 66 g / c m 3
Density 3
2.57 g / c m FAG headquarters, Erlangen
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Compressive strength 279 N/mn
Frost-resistant Frost-resistant Abrasion resistance 6.2 c n f 7 5 0 c m
64 Original samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations In colour, texture and structure are unavoidable.
Granite, granodiorlte, diorite
Deucha rhyolite (granite-porphyry) S n o w f l a k e lamprophyre Sora lamprophyre

Roncha, Leipzig, Saxony Ottendorf, Blschofswerda, Saxony Sorau, Bautzen, Saxony
Kles- & Natursteinbetriebe Leipzig Hohwald Granit GmbH Schuhmann Hartstelnwerk GmbH
grey, reddish or greenish black, off-white black-green
Bpprphyritic structure coarse-grained, light-coloured fine- to medium-grained
Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 phenocrysts Surface treatment: see p. 96
ftxternal: floors, facades Surface treatment: see p. 96 External: floors, facades
lornal: floors, walls External: floors, facades Internal: floors, walls
fcttle of Nations monument, Leipzig Internal: floors, walls Màdlerpassage, Leipzig
nsity 2.60 g / c m 3
Reference project: - Density 2.93g/cm 3
mpressive strength 111 - 224 N / m m 2

Density 3.10g/cm 3
rasión resistance see p. 94 Compressive strength 250 N / m m2

6.2 c m / 5 0 c m
-resistant Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Frost-resistant
ermal expansion see p. 94 Frost-resistant Thermal expansion see p. 94
fensteiner basalt
Bnstein-Beilstein, Hesse
nof Basalt-Diabas-Werk GmbH
st black
trained, dense
lace treatment: see p. 96
Brnal: floors, paving
: floors, walls
"iedy-Platz, Essen
My 2.98 g / c m3
npresslve strength 390 N / m m 2
asion resistance 3 2
8.5 c m / 5 0 c m
-resistant
rmal expansion see p. 94
rial samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoidable. 65
Hypabyssal and extrusive rocks
O b e r s c h e l d diabase Hirzenhain picrite (diabase) L ö b e j ü n rhyolite

Oberscheid, Dillenburg, Hesse Hirzenhain, Dillenburg, Hesse Löbejün, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt
Herhof Basalt-Diabas-Werk GmbH Horst Pitzer Natursteinwerk SH Natursteine GmbH & Co. KG
light to dark greenish black-green with lighter patches shades of orange to reddish
fine-grained, dense dense, variegated, cloudy, patchy porphyritic structure with phenocrysts
External: floors, paving External: floors, facades External: floors, facades
Reference project: - Reference project: - Kaiser Wilhelm monument, Naumburg
Density 2.85g/cm 3
Density 2.55 g/c
Compressive strength see p. 94 Compressive strength 176.6 - 11
2
7.22 c m / 5 0 c m 2
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 N/mm
Frost-resistant Frost-resistant Abrasion resistance see p.
Thermal expansion see p.
Reimerath trachyte Selters trachyte W e i d e n h a h n trachyte

Reimerath, Mayen, Rhineland-Palatinate Selters, Limburg, Rhineland-Palatinate Selters, Limburg, Rhineland-Palatinate
Bell GmbH Natursteinwerk Bell GmbH Natursteinwerk
greenish to yellowish light bluish/light grey shades of yellowish-beige
dense matrix with phenocrysts porphyritic structure with phenocrysts porphyritic structure with phenocrysts
Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: no high-gloss polish see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished see p.
Reference project: - Stadtsparkasse bank, Lüdenscheid Deutsche Bank, Mönchengladbach
3
Density 2.42 g / c m Density 2.45 N/m
2 2
Compressive strength 90 - 95 N / m m Compressive strength 114 N / m m Compressive strength 8 2 - 9 3 N/m
3
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance 3
13.5 c m / 5 0 c m 2
Abrasion resistance 13-14cm /50c
66 Original samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoidab
Hypabyssal and extrusive rocks
• V
Wurdinghauser dacite Hohenfels tephritic lava L o n d o r f e r basaltic lava

Klrchhundem, Siegen, Hohenfels, Gerolstein, Rabenau, Glessen, Hesse
North Rhine-Westphalia Rhineland-Palatinate Zeidler & Wimmel
i g o n Behrle GmbH Hans Schlink KG bluish grey/black
brown, red-brown, also brown-grey dark grey fine pores, with denser streaks
null-grained, porphyritic structure consistently fine to medium pores Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96
Burface treatment: see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 External: floors, facades, Bildhauerei
pxternal: solid construction, floors External: facades, sculptures Internal: floors, walls
Internal: floors Internal: walls Restoration of Cologne Cathedral
•Hgrims' Church, Kohlhagen Postbank, Essen Density 3
2.2 g / c m
3
Density 2.6 g / c m Density 2.81 g / c m3
Compressive strength 135 N / m m2
Compressive strength see p. 94 Compressive strength 89.6 N / m m 2

Abrasion resistance see p. 94
• b r a s i o n resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Frost-resistant
Prost-resistant Frost-resistant Thermal expansion see p. 94
Mnyener basaltic lava M e n d i n g e r basaltic lava Plaidt basaltic lava

1 i
' 1 . 1 n, Rhineland-Palatinate Mendig, Mayen, Rhineland-Palatinate Plaidt, Mayen, Rhineland-Palatinate
ko Natursteinwerke GmbH & Co.KG Adorf Natursteinwerk GmbH & Co. KG P. Engels Natursteinwerk
l ilue, black-violet dark grey-anthracite dark grey-anthracite
i is, partly vitreous dense-grained, fine pores, phenocrysts porous, with dark phenocrysts
' i« :e: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96
li rnal: floors, facades, sculptures External: floors, facades External: floors, facades, sculptures
inal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls
11nan National Library, Frankfurt Tram stops, Hannover Reference project: -
3
Density 2.3 g / c m Density 3
2.87 g / c m Density 3
3.09 g / c m
2
mpressive strength 8 5 . 6 - 112 N / m m Compressive strength see p. 94 Compressive strength see p. 94
3 2
i .ion resistance 2.1 c m / 5 0 c m Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p. 94
i resistant Frost-resistant Frost-resistant
H t w m a l expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94
jlnal samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoidable. 67
Volcanic tuff
K "
Ettringer tuff M i c h e l n a u e r tuff (scoria agglomerate) Riedener tuff

Ettringen, Mayen, Rhineland-Palatinate Michelnau, Nidda, Hesse Rieden, Mayen, Rhineland-Palatinate
Villmar Natursteinwerk GmbH SHS Naturstein GmbH Werner Kalenborn Natursteinwerk
yellowish/grey/brown purple shades of light beige
porous to pitted, with phenocrysts varying coarse pores fine pores, indistinct bedding
Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished see p.
External: floors, facades External: facades, sculptures External: facades, sculptures
Internal: floors, walls Internal: walls Internal: walls
Olivandenhof, Cologne Reference project: - Reference project: -
Density 3
1.75-1.95 g / c m Density 1.6-2.0 !
Compressive strength 23.1 N / m m 2
Compressive strength 21.4 N/mm 2
Compressive strength 20 N/i
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p,
Thermal expansion 2.0mm/m100K Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p,
Rochlitzer rhyolitic tuff R o m a n tuff Weiberner tuff

Rochlitz, Chemnitz, Saxony Kruft, Mayen, Rhineland-Palatinate Weibern, Mayen, Rhineland-Palatinate
Vereinigte Porphyrbruche GmbH Rochlitz Luxem Natursteine Josef Porz Natursteinwerk
reddish, brownish ochre-brown with darker particles beige-yellowish
small pores rather porous, very lightweight, little strength fine-grained, porous, with phenocrysts
Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished see p.
External: floors, facades, sculptures External: facades, masonry External: facades, sculptures
Internal: floors, walls Internal: walls Internal: walls
Old City Hall, Leipzig Sacred Heart of Jesus Church, Leverkusen City Hall, Cologne
Density 3
1.8 g / c m Density 1.4-1.85 g / c m 3
Density 1.6-1.8 g/cn
2
Compressive strength 3 4 - 4 8 N/mm 2
Compressive strength 35 N/mm Compressive strength 16.5-19 N/mn
11.8 c m / 5 0 c m2
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p.
Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. '
Conglomerate, sandstone
r
>
mi
Iti.mnenburger nagelfluh A n r ö c h t e r green sandstone B a u m b e r g e r sandstone
Brannenburg, Rosenheim, Upper Bavaria Anröchte, Lippstadt, Billerbeck, Munster, North Rhlne-West-
Mknton Huber Nagelfluh-Stelnbruch North Rhine-Westphalia phalia
fcoloured constituents and binders Albert Killing Natursteinbetrieb GmbH Bernd Dirks Natursteinbetrieb
• t r y i n g porosity yellowish-green to dark blue-green yellowish grey-beige
BVface: can be polished to a certain dense, fine-grained fine- to medium-grained
!
< ni see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96
Alternai: facades External: facades, sculptures External: facades
Intanai: floors, walls (with limitations) Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls
^lliilh to Church of Our Lady, Munich Church, Anröchte Mùnster Cathedral
3
[ttaisity 2.25-2.40 g / c m Density 2.48-2.74 g / c m 3
Density 2.18 g/cm 3
2
[Compressive strength 35.3 N/mm Compressive strength 85-177 N/mm 2
Compressive strength see p. 94
3 2
i ision resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resist. 13.4-25.8 cm /50 c m Abrasion resistance see p. 94
Prosl-resistant Frost-resistant Frost-resistant
Hhwrmal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94
• niiieimer sandstone B u r g p r e p p a c h e r sandstone C o t t a sandstone

Hm l Hontheim, Gronau. Lower Saxony Ebern, Bamberg, Lower Franconia Cotta, Pirna, Saxony
Monser Natursteinwerk GmbH Hermann Graser Bamberger Naturst. Sächsische Sandsteinwerke GmbH
BTllte to greyish-orange, pale red ochre-grey to yellowish-grey grey-white to yellowish, variations
Wfm to medium-grained fine-grained, cloudy fine-grained, delicate, darker, wavy lines
• j r l a c e : cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96
• t t a n a l : floors, facades, sculptures External: facades, sculptures External: facades, sculptures
!
' mal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls Internal: walls
Botirts bullding, Osnabrück Cathedral and Palace, Bamberg Semper Opera House, Dresden
3
Önnuty 2.12 g/cm Density 3
2.10-2.60 g / c m Density 2.0 g/cm3
:
•Onipressive strength 78 N/mm Compressive strength see p. 94 Compressive strength 33.5-37.4 N/mm 2
3 2 3 2
• b f u s l o n resistance 16.4 cm //50 c m Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance 32.7 cm //50 c m
POBt-resistant Frost-resistant Frost-resistant
Rtermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94
jlnal samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations In colour, texture and structure are unavoidable. 69
Sandstone
Dorfprozelten sandstone Eichenbuhlen sandstone Friedewalder sandstone

Dorf prozelten, Miltenberg, Eichenbuhl, Miltenberg, Lower Franconia Bad Hersfeld, Fulda, Hesse
Lower Franconia Franz Zeller Natursteinwerke Friedewalder Quarzsandstein GmbH
Winterhelt Naturstein red very diverse light grey-variegated
pale red to brilliant red with white bands fine-grained medium-grained, fine pores
fine-grained Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished
Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 External: floors, facades External: facades
Internal: floors, walls Museum of Prehistory and Ancient "Wasserschloss" Friedewald
Town Hall, Aschaffenburg History, Frankfurt Density 2 . 2 0 - 2 . 2 5 g/C
Density 2.27 - 2.34 g / c m 3
Compressive strength 6 6 - 1 0 1 N/n
3
Abrasion resist. 10.3 - 11.4 cm /50c
24 c m / 5 0 c m 2
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Frost-resistant
Frost-resistant Frost-resistant Thermal expansion see p,
Griintenstein sandstone H a a r d t e r (Neustadt) sandstone Heilbrunner sandstone

Kranzegg, Sonthofen, Swabia Neustadt a.d. Weinstr., Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg
Grüntensteinwerk Pelz & Halblaub Rhineland-Palatinate Harald Holz Natursteinwerk
blue-green-grey Leonhard Hanbuch & Söhne GmbH pale brownish-grey
very fine-grained yellowish, brown-yellow, reddish fine-grained, fine pores
Surface: hardly polishable see p. 96 fine-grained, bands, wavy Surface: cannot be polished see p.
External: floors, facades Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 External: facades, sculptures
Internal: floors, walls External: floors, facades, sculptures Internal: floors, walls
Military barracks, Sonthofen Internal: floors, walls Station and Kilian Church, Heilbronn
Reference project: - Density 2.18 - 2.34 g/cfl
3
Density 2.21 g / c m Compressive strength 97.2 N/mm'
2
10.4 c m / 5 0 c m 2
Compressive strength 75 N / m m Abrasion resistance see p. 94
Frost-resistant 3
Abrasion resistance 21 - 27 c m / 5 0 c m 2
Frost-resistant
Thermal expansion see p. 94 Frost-resistant Thermal expansion see p. 941
Original samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoidable
Sandstone
Heigelsdorf sandstone I b b e n b ü r e n e r sandstone Ihrler green sandstone

'eilgersdorf, Coburg, Upper Franconia Ibbenbüren, Osnabrück, North Rhine- Kelheim, Regensburg, Lower Bavaria
• tier Steinindusti le GmbH Westphalia Kelheimer Naturstein GmbH Essing
~le olive green, buff Schwabe Natursteinbetriebe light grey to light olive green-grey, khaki
"rse-grained slightly porous, wavy light grey, yellowish, brownish fine-grained, light-coloured waves, fossils
rface: cannot be polished see p. 96 fine-grained, delicate bands Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96
.Iternal: facades Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 External: facades, sculptures
Internal: walls External: floors, facades, sculptures Internal: walls
|x>cal authority complex, Frankfurt Internal: floors, walls Neue Pinakothek Art Gallery, Munich;
3
Density 2.05 g / c m Cathedral and town hall, Osnabrück Regensburg Cathedral
3
• "iiipressive strength 43 N / m m 2
Density 3
2.44 g / c m Density 2.35 - 2.62 g / c m
2 2
i b r a s i o n resistance see p. 94 Compressive strength 120.7 N / m m Compressive strength 45.6 N / m m
3 ?
frost-resistant Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance 32.3 c m / 5 0 c m
\ermal expansion see p. 94 Frost-resistant Frost-resistant
I Blntadter sandstone Lindlarer greywacke M a u l b r o n n e r sandstone

i i n . i . n i l , Bad Durkheim, Lindlar, Gummersbach, Maulbronn, Pforzheim, Baden-Wurttemb.
^hlnnlnnd-Palatinate North Rhine-Westphalia Lauster Steinbau GmbH
fcnhard Hanbuch & Sohne GmbH Otto Schiffarth Steinbruch GmbH red variegated, yellow, variations
les of light beige to yellowish dark red-grey fine-grained, streaky, cloudy
to medium-grained, delicate streaks fine-grained, dense, some fossils Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96
§ce: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: polish - internally only see p. 96 External: floors, facades, sculptures
nal: floors, facades, sculptures External: floors, facades Internal: floors, walls
niil: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls Monastery, Maulbronn; Karlsruhe station
I Opera House, Berlin Rhine Promenade, Gürzenich, Cologne Density 2.08 g / c m 3
3
inly 2.19 g / c m 3
Density 2.57 g / c m Compressive strength 83 N / m m 2
2 3 2
pressive strength 6 6 - 7 5 N/mm 2
Compressive strength 135 - 180 N / m m Abrasion resistance 35.2 c m / 5 0 c m
won resistance 20.9 cm-750cm 2
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Frost-resistant
resistant Frost-resistant Thermal expansion see p. 94
al expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94
nl samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoidable. 71
Sandstone
O b e r n k i r c h e n e r sandstone Pfaffenhofener sandstone Palatinate sandstone

Obernkirchen, Lower Saxony Pfaffenhofen, Heilbronn, Eselsführt, Kaiserslautern, Rhinelan
Obernkirchener Sandsteinbruche Baden-Württemberg Palatinate
light grey, ivory Carl Picard Natursteinwerk GmbH
fine-grained, delicate bands yellow-brown with distinct brown pattern reddish to red or yellowish
Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 fine-grained and fine pores fine-grained
External: floors, facades Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished son I
Internal: floors, walls External: facades, sculptures External: floors, facades
City Hall, Bremen; Buckeburg Palace Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls
Density 3
2.11 - 2 . 2 6 g / c m "Figuren Schloss", Ludwigsburg Bode Museum, Berlin
Density 3
2.04 g / c m Density
2.\:> <r
26.2 c m / 5 0 c m 2
Compressive strength see p. 94 Compressive strength
son I
Frost-resistant Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance
son I
Thermal expansion see p. 94 Frost-resistant Frost-resistant
Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion
wmmËËÊÊËËmËËÊÊÈ
P f r o n d o r f e r sandstone Pliezhausen sandstone Ruhr sandstone

Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg Pliezhausen, Reutlingen, Baden-Württem- Herdecke, Dortmund, North Rhine-WoiJ
Natursteinwerk Nagel berg phalia
pale yellow to brownish Rolf Fauser Natursteinbetrieb Hermann Rauen Natursteinwerk
fine-grained, quartz binder white to light grey-yellow grey to bluish-grey, also rust brown
Surface: easily polished see p. 96 medium- to coarse-grained, consistent fine-to medium-grained, bedding
External: facades, floors, sculptures Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: can be polished see
Internal: floors, walls External: facades, sculptures External: floors, facades
Riverbank protection along the Neckar, Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls
Stuttgart Church, Sindelfingen Essen Cathedral
Density 2.28 g / c m Density 2.16 g / c m3
Density 2.51-2.6
Compressive strength 106 - 163 N/
3
11.7 c m / 5 0 c m 2
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resist. 7.8 - 11.6 c m / 5 "
Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p.
72 Original samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoida
Sandstone
Miilhen sandstone Sander sandstone Schleerieht sandstone

Bthen, Warstein, North Rhine-Westphalia Sand, Hassfurt, Lower Franconia Schleerleht, Schweinfurt, Lower Franconia
Rüthener Sandsteinwerke Hermann Graser Bamberger Naturstein Kirchheimer Kalkstelnwerke
Wght yellow-grey to light green-grey brown to olive green olive green-grey, greenish yellow-grey
•ne to medium-grained fine- to medium-grained fine-grained, fine pores, consistent
H i r f e c e : cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96
p x t H r n a l : facades, sculptures External: facades, sculptures External: facades, sculptures
k t o r n a l : walls Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls
jfown halls in Warstein and Brilon Palace and Ursuline Monastery, Würzburg Palaces at Wurzburg and Werneck
3
Density 2.08 g / c m Density 2.13 g / c m 3
2
Compressive strength 59.2 N / m m Compressive strength 82 N / m m 2
Compressive strength see p. 94
Bbmsion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p. 94
j^fost-resistant Frost-resistant Frost-resistant
Bhermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94
ftohdnbrunner sandstone S c h w e i n s t h a l e r sandstone Seeberger sandstone

fchonbrunn, Bamberg, Upper Franconia Queidersbach, Schopp, Seebergen, Gotha, Erfurt, Thuringia
•Onther Gleussner Natursteinwerk Rhlneland-Palatlnate SBS Thüringer Natursteinverarbeitung
light colour with reddish sheen Konrad Müller Natursteinwerk GmbH white to yellow
l|H> to medium-grained pale red to light reddish brown-red fine- to finest-grained, cloudy
Hrtace: cannot be polished see p. 96 medium- to coarse-grained Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96
Hdernal: facades, sculptures Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 External: floors, facades, sculptures
M e t rial: floors External: facades, sculptures Internal: floors, walls
Blthedral, Bamberg; German parliament Internal: floors, walls Wartburg Castle, Erfurt Cathedral
3
Building, Berlin Trippstadt Palace Density 2.24 g / c m
Knslty 2.3 g / c m 3
Density 2.0 - 2.65 g / c m3
Compressive strength 83 N / m m
3
2
2
•Compressive strength 39 - 5 9 N / m m 2
Compressive strength 2
40 - 60 N / m m Abrasion resistance 9.4 c m / 5 0 c m
3 2 3 2
Htraslon resistance 19.1-20.9 c m / 5 0 c m Abrasion resistance 1 0 - 1 4 cm /50cm Frost-resistant
MOitl resistant Frost-resistant Thermal expansion see p. 94
H e r n i a l expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion 0.2 - 0.8 m m / m 1 0 0 K
jlnal samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoidable. 73
Sandstone
S t e i g e r w a l d sandstone U d e l f a n g e r sandstone Velpker sandstone

Obersteinbach, Ebrach, Lower Franconia Kersch, Trier, Rhineland-Palatinate Velpke, Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony
Hermann Graser Bamberger Naturstein Hermann Graser Bamberger Naturstein C. Kbrner Natursteinwerk GmbH
white to pale yellowish, reddish light olive green-grey, light khaki light grey-brownish to yellowish
fine- to coarse-grained fine-grained fine- to medium-grained, delicate banc
Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: cannot be polished see p
External: floors, facades, sculptures External: facades, sculptures External: floors, facades, sculptures
Ebrach Palace Porta Nigra city gate and St Mary's Town hall and church, Helmstedt
Church, Trier Density 2.29 g/crrt
3
Density 2.0-2.1 g/cm Compressive strength 6 0 - 1 1 8 N/mm
2
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Compressive strength 60 - 80 N / m m Abrasion resistance see p
Frost-resistant
Abrasion resistance
Frost-resistant
Thermal expansion
3
1 5 - 2 5 cm /50cm 2
see p. 94
Frost-resistant
Thermal expansion see f). I
Weser sandstone W o r z e l d o r f e r sandstone Wiistenzeller sandstone

Stadtoldendorf, Holzminden, Lower Sax- Worzeldorf, Nürnberg, Middle Franconia Wüstenzell, Würzburg, Lower Franconia
ony grey-red to grey-beige Hofmann GmbH & Co. KG
Carl Linnenberg Natursteinwerk GmbH medium-grained, distinct bedding pale red to red
dark red-brown or grey Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 fine-grained, fine pores
fine-grained, fine pores External: floors, facades, Bildhauerei Surface: cannot be polished see p. 9É
Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 Internal: floors, walls External: floors, facades, sculptures
External: floors, paving, facades Nürnberg Castle Internal: floors, walls
Internal: floors, walls Density 2.14 g / c m 3
Mannheim Palace; Pfalz Theatre, Kaisers-
Cathedrals in Braunschweig and Minden Compressive strength 160-170 N/mm 2
lautern
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Density 2.38 g/crrtl
Frost-resistant Compressive strength see p. 94
12.3 c m / 5 0 c m 2
Thermal expansion see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p. 94
74 Original samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoidably
Clayey shale
Fredeburger slate Harzer slate Holzmadener oil shale

Bdeburg, Schmallenberg, North Rhine- Steinberg, Goslar, Lower Saxony Holzmaden, Kirchheim,
Ifestphalia Baden-Württemberg
d,n)og Schiefergruben GmbH dark grey, fine sparkle Paul Kirschmann GmbH
urk blue-grey finest-grained and dense black, dark grey shell remains
nest-grained, foliated Surface: split or cleft see p. 96 fine pores, homogeneous
urface: split or cleft see p. 96 External: roofs, facades Surface: split or cleft see p. 96
[ternal: roofs, floors, facades Internal: - External: -
Brnal: floors, walls Roofs and facades, Goslar Internal: floors, walls
iirlsruhe University Density 2.78 g / c m3
Reference project: -
3
ISity 2.77-2.85 g/cm Compressive strength see p. 94 Density 2.04 g / c m 3
ipressive strength see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Compressive strength see p. 94

orasion resistance see p. 94 Frost-resistant Abrasion resistance see p. 94
st-resistant Thermal expansion see p. 94 Not frost-resistant
lal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94
l e s t e n e r slate Mayener slate Moselle slate

urzbach, Thuringia Mayen, Rhineland-Palatinate Katzenberg, Mayen, Rhineland-Palatinate
ill ligte Thur. Schiefergruben GmbH Weber Natursteine Rathscheck Schiefer KG
3k blue-grey to anthracite grey
IBt-grained, dense fine-grained, shelly fracture planes finest-grained, dense
face: split or cleft see p. 96 Surface: split or cleft see p. 96 Surface: split or cleft see p. 96
irnal: roofs, floors, facades External: roofs, floors, facades External: roofs, floors, facades
irnal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls
Iference project: - Reference project: - Hotel Petersberg, Bad Godesberg
3 3 3
msity 2.71 - 2.78 g / c m Density 2.77 g / c m Density 2.78 g / c m
mpressive strength see p. 94 Compressive strength see p. 94 Compressive strength see p. 94
r .ion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p. 94
st-resistant Frost-resistant Frost-resistant
armal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94
llnal samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoidable. 75
Limestone, Dolomite
HP
Aachener bluestone, limestone Elm calcite Jura limestone

Hahn, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia Königslutter, Lower Saxony Altmuhl region, Franconia and Bavaria,
Gier Aachener Blausteinwerk Jürgen Metzner GmbH Fachabt. Juramarmor, Solnhofer
dark grey with brownish sheen shades of beige to light brownish-grey yellow, cream, red-brown, grey-blui'
finest-grained, many fossils fine to coarse pores, with fossils dense, partly porous, some fossils
Surface: polished only for internal use see Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface: polish - internally only see p,
p. 96 External: facades, sculptures External: facades
External: floors, facades Internal: walls Internal: floors, walls
Internal: floors, walls Central State Bank, Braunschweig Glyptothek Museum of Sculpture and
Cathedral, churches and station, Aachen Density 1.9-2.1 g / c m 3
National Theatre, Munich
Density 2.6 g/ofl
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Compressive strength 163 N/r
30 c m / 5 0 c m2
Frost-resistant Abrasion resistance 13.1 c m ' / i
Limited frost resistance Thermal expansion see p. 94 Limited frost resistance
Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p,
• H i
mm
Kehlheimer A u e limestone S a a l b u r g e r limestone S a l z h e m m e n d o r f e r dolomite
Kelheim, Regensburg, Lower Bavaria Tegau, Schleiz, Thuringia Hameln, Lower Saxony
Kiefer-Reul-Teich Naturstein GmbH Saalburger Marmorwerke GmbH & Co. Stichweh & Söhne GmbH
shades of ivory to shades of cream dark red with white calcite veins light brownish-grey
dense, with fossil inclusions brecciated texture fine pores, homogeneous
Surface: polish - internally only see p. 96 Surface: polished only for internal use see Surface treatment: see p.
External: facades, sculptures p. 96 External: floors, facades, sculptures
Internal: floors, walls External: - Internal: floors, walls
Walhalla Temple, Regensburg; Propyläen Internal: floors, walls Reference project: -
Gate, Munich Old Stock Exchange, Leipzig Density see p.ii
3 3
Density 2.58 - 2.62 g / c m Density 2.72 g / c m Compressive strength see P-6
2
Compressive strength 123 N / m m Abrasion resistance see p.
3 2
16.9 c m / 5 0 c m Abrasion resistance 18.2 c m / 5 0 c m Frost-resistant
Limited frost resistance Frost-resistant Thermal expansion see
76 Original samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoidabl
Platy calcite, limestone, shelly limestone
Solnhofener platy calcite T h ü s t e r limestone Ziller limestone

Allmuhl region, Franconia and Bavaria Thüste, Salzhemmendorf, Lower Saxony Berchtesgaden, Upper Bavaria
Bachabt. Juramarmor, Solnhofer Stfchweh & Söhne GmbH August Wolf Steinmetzbetrieb
shades of cream, pale ochre yellow brownish-grey, greenish-grey yellow-white-red
extremely dense medium-grained, fine pores, rich in pores brecciated structure
m lace: split or cleft, ground, polished Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 Surface treatment: see p. 96
External: - External: floors, facades External: floors, facades
Church of the Holy Cross and Palace, Church, Wallensen Reference project: -
Munich Density 2.15 g / c m3
Density see p. 94
3 ?
Density 2.55 g / c m Compressive strength 116N/mm Compressive strength see p. 94
2
Compressive strength 215 N / m m Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p. 94
3 2
AI H asion resistance 14.8 c m / 5 0 c m Frost-resistant Frost-resistant
Not frost-resistant Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94
Thermal expansion 0.6 mm/m100K
Crailsheimer shelly limestone Eibelstadter shelly limestone Freyburger aphrite

Butteldorf, Crailsheim, Baden-Württem- Eibelstadt, Wurzburg, Lower Franconia Naumburg, Saxony-Anhalt
' 1
M I C. Winterhelt GmbH & Co. Blank Bau Freyburg GmbH
Koliön & Hippelein GmbH & Co. dark brown with gold-brown accumulations shades of belge
Mflht grey, blue-grey to brownish spherical and band-like accumulations fine pores
Wanse, fine pores, shell remains Surface: polished only for internal use see Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96
Burface: polish - internally only see p. 96 p. 96 External: facades
1
<temal: floors, facades, sculptures External: floors, facades, sculptures Internal: walls
Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls Naumburg Cathedral
• t u t t g a r t Central Station Kreissparkasse bank, Russelsheim Density 3
2.0 - 2.07 g / c m
3
Density 2.52 g / c m Compressive strength 24 - 25 N / m m2
2
Compressive strength 66 N / m m Abrasion resistance see p. 94
3 2
•i'iasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance 23.7 c m / 5 0 c m Frost-resistant
i M ''t resistant Frost-resistant Thermal expansion see p. 94
111''i mal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94
!• inlal samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoidable. 77
Shelly limestone
Jena shelly limestone K i r c h h e i m e r shelly limestone (Kernstein) K i r c h h e i m e r shelly limestone (Blaub.ini

Lichtenhain, Jena, Saxony Kirchheim, Lower Franconia Kirchheim, Lower Franconia
Otto Kramer Muschelkalk-Steinbruch Kelheimer Naturstein GmbH Essing Kirchheimer Kalksteinwerke GmbH
light beige to beige-yellow grey-brown grey-bluish
dense, with shell remains dense, shell remains aligned dense, shell debris, vivid texture
Surface treatment: see p. 96 Surface treatment: see p. 96 Surface treatment: - see p. '
External: floors facades External: floors, facades, sculptures External: -
Reference project: - Congress Centre, Weimar; River Isar Reference project: -
Density 2.66 g / c n T bridges, Munich Density 2.6-2.7g/cn
Compressive strength 3 0 - 5 7 N/mm 2
Density 2.64 g / c n T Compressive strength 1 1 0 - 1 8 0 N/im
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Compressive strength 110 - 180 N / m m 2
Abrasion resistance 2 1 - 2 4 cnfVcil
Frost-resistant Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Not frost-resistant
Thermal expansion see p. 94 Frost-resistant Thermal expansion see p.
¡4
K i r c h h e i m e r shelly limestone (Goldbank) K l e i n r i n d e r f e l d e r shelly limestone K r e n s h e i m e r shelly limestone
Kirchheim, Lower Franconia Kirchheim, Lower Franconia Tauberbischofsheim, Baden-Wurttembe
Albert Wirths GmbH & Co. KG Dürr Steinwerk Kirchheimer Kalksteinwerke GmbH
yellow to brown grey-brown light grey
dense, shell debris, vivid texture dense, with shell remains dense, with shell remains
External: - External: floors, facades External: floors, facades, sculptures
Reference project: - Reference project: - Olympic Stadium and Moritz Church, Berlin
Density 2.6-2.7g/cm 3
Density 3
2.64 g / c m Density 2.4 g / c r m
2
Compressive strength 110 - 180 N / m m Compressive strength 70 N / m m 2
3 2
Abrasion resistance 21 - 24 c m / 5 0 c m Abrasion resistance 3
22.7 c m / 5 0 c m 2
35.6 cm /50cn
Not frost-resistant Frost-resistant Frost-resistant
Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion 0.70mm/m/100K'
78 Original samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoidably
Shelly limestone, travertine, tuffaceous limestone
•V , V 'If
*J,>U fi
* . .-J « i.
"Of Öl
aerdorla shelly limestone C a n n s t a t t e r travertine Ehringsdorfer travertine

rtiihlhausen, Thuringia Bad Cannstatt, Stuttgart, Baden-Württem- Ehringsdorf, Weimar, Thuringia
3ACO Deutsche Travertinwerke GmbH berg TRACO Deutsche Travertinwerke GmbH
jht grey-brown, grey-yellow Lauster Steinbau GmbH yellowish, ochre yellow to brownish
artly porous, bands brilliant yellow, grey-white or red-brown porous, delicate bands, chains of pores
jrface treatment: see p. 96 rich in contrasting bands, wavy, porous Surface treatment: see p. 96
Kternal: facades, sculptures Surface treatment: see p. 96 External: floors, facades
Iternal: floors, walls External: floors, facades, sculptures Internal: floors, walls
3a gardens, Heiligenstadt Internal: floors, walls Reference project: -
3
Jensity 2 . 2 - 2.25 g / c m New State Art Gallery, Stuttgart Density see p. 94
3
umpressive strength 20.6 - 30.5 N / m m 2
Density 2.2-2.4 g/cm Compressive strength see p. 94
3 2
Drasion resistance 30.8 c m / 5 0 c m Compressive strength see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p. 94
st-resistant Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Frost-resistant
hermal expansion see p. 94 Frost-resistant Thermal expansion see p. 94
tifi?*. 4#éjps/
••V-
I
\ ¡3 -ü? .-v •
i o -
nuinger, Riedlingen travertine Langensalzaer travertine Bärenthal tuffaceous limestone

lnuingen, Riedlingen, Baden-Württem- Bad Langensalza, Gotha, Thuringia Tuttlingen, Baden-Württemberg
rg TRACO Deutsche Travertinwerke GmbH Wilhelm Beck Tuffsteinbetrieb
jster, Zeidler & WImmel GmbH yellowish, ochre yellow to brownish almost white, also shades of cream to
ge-brown porous, delicate bands, chains of pores light brown
ise, with plant remains Surface treatment: see p. 96 large pores
jrface treatment: see p. 96 External: floors, facades, sculptures Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96
arnal: floors, facades, sculptures Internal: floors, walls External: facades
rnal: floors, walls Bahlsen Museum, Hannover Internal: walls
nfalten Cathedral Density 2.45 g / c m 3
Church, Balingen
insity 2.3-2.4 g/cm 3
Density 1. 2.2 g / c m 3
npressive strength 5 4 - 5 5 N/mm 2

Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Compressive strength 50 N / m m 2
amsion resistance see p. 94 Frost-resistant Abrasion resistance see p. 94

st-resistant Thermal expansion see p. 94 Frost-resistant
rmal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94
llnal samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoidable. 79
Tuffaceous limestone, dolomite
a .*t ..»V - s i 1,1
Gönninger tuffaceous limestone Huglfinger (Pollinger) tuffaceous limestone G o l d b e r g dolomite

Gönningen, Reutlingen, Baden-Württem- Polling, Weilheim, Upper Bavaria Ettenhausen, Regensburg, Upper Palall
berg Frank Lindner Tuffsteinwerk nate
shades of cream, white to ivory Franken-Schotter GmbH & Co.
whitish to pale brown very porous and no orientation grey-yellow-brown, grey-blue-yellow
extremely porous, no bedding Surface: cannot be polished see p. 96 similar to a tectonic breccia
Surface treatment: see p. 96 External: solid construction, sculptures Surface: polish - internally only see p,
External: solid construction, sculptures Internal: walls External: limited suitability
Internal: walls Botanic Gardens, Munich Internal: floors, walls
Amandus Church, Bad Urach Density 2.11 g / c m Reference project: -
Density
Compressive strength see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Compressive strength
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Frost-resistant Abrasion resistance
Limited frost resistance Thermal expansion see p. 94 Limited frost-resistant
Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion
Harzer (Niixeier) dolomite Kleinziegenfelder dolomite Wachenzeller dolomite

Nüxei, Bad Sachsa, Lower Saxony Burgkunstadt, Kulmbach, Franconia Eichstätt, Upper Bavaria
W. Georges Natursteinwerk Horst Diroll Natursteinwerk GmbH Kelheimer Naturstein GmbH Essing
light brownish-grey beige to grey-brown, dark clouds greyish-brown to brown
fine-grained, dense, weak bands dense dense to porous, evidence of bedding
Surface treatment: see p. 96 Surface: polishing possible see p. 96 Surface: polishing possible see p.!)()
External: floors, facades, sculptures External: floors, facades External: floors, facades
Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors walls
Nordhausen Cathedral, Harz Mountains Entrance to Technical University and Dahlem Museum, Berlin
Karlstor Gate, Munich Density 2.65 - 2.85 g / c m
Compressive strength 137 N / m m '
3 2 3
Abrasion resistance 19.2 c m / 5 0 c m Compressive strength 115-141 N/mm 2
Abrasion resistance 15 - 40 cm /50cm-'
Frost-resistant Abrasion resistance 3
20.4 c m / 5 0 c m 2
Frost-resistant
Thermal expansion see p. 94 Frost-resistant Thermal expansion see p. 941
Metamorphic rocks
Theumaer spotted slate O d e n w a l d quartz O d e n w a l d orthogneiss

I lauen, Saxony Lautertal, Bensheim, Hesse Affhöllerbach, Heppenheim, Hesse
Watursteinwerk Theuma AG Naturstein Donderer Gerhard Röhrig Granitwerk e.K.
dark grey to black yellowish, red red
•trip-like inclusions fine- to coarse-grained some orientation
Surface: no high-gloss polish see p. 96 Surface: split or cleft see p. 96 Surface: split or cleft see p. 96
internal: floors, walls External: floors, facades, sculptures External: paving, masonry
i dernal: floors, facades Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors
[Railway station, Alexanderplatz, Berlin Reference project: - Reference project: -
Compressive strength 195N/mm 2

Compressive strength see p. 94 Compressive strength 253 N/rmm 2
Ibn ision resistance 3

40 - 80 c m / 5 0 c m 2
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p. 94
•rost-resistant Frost-resistant Frost-resistant
! in'i mal expansion s e e p . 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94 Thermal expansion see p. 94
l ö b l i t z garnet-serpentinite Explanations:
Mnrienberg, Görlitz, Saxony
1
' < i'ibirgische Bergbauagentur Trade name
dark green to dark red-brown Quarry, location, federal state
' iii ix characterised by red garnet Stoneworks
• u r f a c e treatment: see p. 96 Colour
eternal: floors, facades Structure
internal: floors, walls Surface treatment, with reference to table
Cnthedral choir, Freiburg of types of stone and remarks concerning
teensity 3
2.65 g / c m any special features
Compressive strength 135 N/mm- Internal and external uses
Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Reference project
prost-resistant Technical data, sometimes with reference
'•••Imal expansion see p. 94 to table of types of stone
)rl()inal samples approx. 190 x 190 mm; fluctuations in colour, texture and structure are unavoidable. 81
Dressed stone sources in Europe (selection)
Granite
Balmoral granite Baltik B r o w n granite Bianco Cristal granite

Turku, Vehma-Taivassalo, Finland Lappeenranta, Finland Caduleo de los Vidrios, Spain
Palin Granit Oy, 20101 Turku, Finland Palin Granit Oy, 20101 Turku, Finland no delivery records
intensive red with black-brown phenoc- coarse- to large-grained fine-grained
rysts brown with green-black interstices white with light grey
medium- to coarse-grained Surface treatment: can be polished Surface treatment: can be polished
Surface treatment: can be polished see p. 96 see p. M
see p. 96 External: floors, facades External: floors, facades
Internal: floors, walls Reference project: - Kerry Center, Shanghai, China
Reference project: - Density 2.68 k g / d m3
Density 2.54 - 2.69 kg/dflJ
3
Density 2.62 - 2.71 k g / d m Compressive strength 170 N/mm 2
Compressive strength 1 4 2 - 183 N/iniir
2
Compressive strength 184 - 261 N/mm Frost-resistant Frost-resistant
Frost-resistant
mmMÊ. i 'Kl** \
Bohus granite Clair du Tarn granite G e b h a r d t ' s granite
Skarstad, Goteborg, Sweden Castres, Toulouse, France Schrems, Lower Austria
Lundgrens Granit AB, Bohuslan, Sweden no delivery records Poschacher Natursteinwerke,
fine- to coarse-grained fine- to coarse-grained 4222 St Georgen bei Linz, Austria
grey-white to grey (pure) grey to bright red fine-grained
Surface treatment: can be polished Surface treatment: can be polished light grey to black
see p. 96 see p. 96 Surface treatment: can be polished
External: floors, facades External: floors, facades see p. 9fl|
Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls External: floors, facades
Ludwig Museum, Cologne, Germany Terminal 2, Frankfurt Airport, Germany Internal: floors, walls
3
Density 2.64 k g / d m Density 3
2.7 k g / d m Debis head office, Berlin, Germany
Compressive strength 155 - 158 N/mm 2
Compressive strength 171 N/mm 2
Density 2.79 kg/dm»
Frost-resistant Frost-resistant Compressive strength 210 N/mm'
Frost-resistant
84
Granite
•iv'v
ivVtt" *- '.v ;X •
/ • • , . i K '... , - / -
r
^.:;^4t::).:;;! '.K '
jio Sardo granite K u r i l Grey granite Lanhelin granite

'uso, Sardinia, Italy Kuru, Finland Lanhelin, Brittany, France
slivery records Palin Granit Oy, 20101 Turku, Finland no delivery records
"rse-grained fine-grained medium-grained
grey with dark flakes medium grey dark grey to blue-grey
ace treatment: can be polished Surface treatment: can be polished Surface treatment: can be polished
see p. 96 see p. 96 see p. 96
rnal: floors, facades External: floors, facades External: floors, facades
nal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls
Plaza Hotel, Kornhill, Hong Kong Reference project: - DG Bank, Mainzer Landstr.,
3
2.59 k g / d m Density 2.7 k g / d m 3
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
3
pressive strength 158 - 160 N/mm 2
Density 2.67 k g / d m
2
t-resistant Frost-resistant Compressive strength 188 N/mm
Frost-resistant
- H\¿f
1
'.-'ri .
hauser granite Rosa Porrino granite Silvestre granite

Austria Vigo, Spain Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
hacher Natursteinwerke, no delivery records no delivery records
St Georgen bei Linz, Austria medium-grained fine- to medium-grained
o medium-grained pink with grey light beige with grey and black
grey with dark phenocrysts Surface treatment: can be polished Surface treatment: can be polished
e treatment: can be polished see p. 96 see p. 96
al: floors, facades Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls
I: floors, walls Station square, Salzburg, Austria Galician Centre for Contemporary Art,
finishes in pedestrian precinct, Density 2.58 - 2.65 k g / d m 3
Santiago de Compostela, Spain
irchen, Austria Compressive strength 112 - 188 N/mm 2
Density 2.75 - 2.84 k g / d m 3
3
ty 2.65 k g / d m Frost-resistant Compressive strength 162 N/mm 2
2
ressive strength 142 N/mm Frost-resistant
resistant
85
Other igneous rocks
Basaltina t e p h r i t e volcanic rock Blue Pearl syenite C i n c e n t o Grey foyaite

Bagnoreggio, Viterbo, Italy Porsgrunn-Larvik, Oslo, Norway Porto, Portugal
no delivery records no delivery records no delivery records
fine-grained coarse-grained fine-grained
medium grey grey-blue to silvery blue uniform medium grey
Surface treatment: can be polished Surface treatment: can be polished Surface treatment: can be polished
see p. 96 see p. 96 see p
Staircases, Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam, Mannheimer Insurance offices, Reference project: -
Netherlands Mannheim, Germany Density 2.73 kg/dn
3 3
Density 2.23 k g / d m Density 2.68 - 2.73 k g / d m Compressive strength 195N/IT
2
Compressive strength 82 - 88 N/mm Compressive strength 143 - 196 N/mm 2
Frost-resistant
S p e k t r o l i t e anorthosite Trientiner Porphyry rhyolite W o l g a Blue anorthosite

Ylamaa, Kuopio, Finland Trento Province, Italy Chernlachov, Zhytomyr, Ukraine
no delivery records no delivery records no delivery records
large-grained Surface treatment: can be polished very coarse-grained
dark blue-grey see p. 96 dark grey-blue
Surface treatment: can be polished External: floors, facades Surface treatment: can be polished
see p. 96 Internal: floors, walls see p,
External: floors, facades Station square, Trento, Italy External: floors, facades
3
Internal: floors, walls Density 2.54 - 2.55 k g / d m Internal: floors, walls
Reference project: - Compressive strength 274 - 280 N/mm 2
Density 2.78 k g / d m 3
Frost-resistant Density 2 . 7 5 - 2 . 8 4 kg/
2
Compressive strength 215 N/mm Compressive strength 162 N/m
86
Limestone
i n e t e r limestone Belgian Red limestone B e l g i s c h Granite limestone

alzburg, Austria Vodecee, Rochefontaine, Belgium Soignes, Hainaut, Belgium
Marmor-Industrie Kiefer, no delivery records no delivery records
H1 Oberalm, Austria fine-grained fine-grained
line-grained pink-red black with white-grey patches
dark red to rust brown Surface treatment: cannot be polished Surface treatment: can be polished
•m lace treatment: cannot be polished see p. 96 see p. 96
External: solid construction Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls
"iternal: floors, walls Reference projects: historical buildings in Reference project: -
Liechtenstein Palace Belgium Density: 2.68 k g / d m3
3
Density see p. 94 Density 2.69 k g / d m Compressive strength: 129 N/mm 2
yompressive strength see p. 94 Compressive strength 90 - 150 N/mm 2

Limited frost resistance
.Imited frost-resistant Limited frost resistance
Mr
l o t t i c i n o limestone C o m b l a n c h i e n limestone Nero P o r t o r o limestone

rescia, Lombardy, Italy Comblanchien, Dijon, Burgundy, France La Spezia, Palmerla, Italy
i delivery records no delivery records no delivery records
le-grained very fine-grained fine-grained
hades of cream to grey-beige shades of cream to pink-brownish black with yellow veins
lurface treatment: cannot be polished Surface treatment: cannot be polished Surface treatment: cannot be polished
see p. 96 see p. 96 see p. 96
;ternal: External: floors, facades External: floors, facades
mal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls
ttlerence project: - Floor finishes In "Im Wasserturm" Hotel, Grand Plaza Hotel, Kornhlll, Hong Kong
insity 2 . 6 8 - 2.71 k g / d m
3
Cologne, Germany Density 3
2.71 k g / d m
3 2
npressive strength 115 - 2 1 2 N/mm 2
Density 2.66 - 2.67 k g / d m Compressive strength 156 - 182 N/mm
lited frost-resistant Compressive strength 203 N/mm 2
Not frost-resistant
87
Limestone, travertine
Rojo A l i c a n t e limestone Rosso Verona limestone Savonnieres limestone

Monovar, Alicante, Spain San Ambrogio di Valpolicella, Trentino, Savonnieres-en-Perthois, France
no delivery records Italy no delivery records
very fine-grained no delivery records fine-grained
ochre yellow-red to brick red fine-grained grey-yellow
Surface treatment: cannot be polished bright ochre yellow-red Surface treatment: cannot be polished
see p. 96 Surface treatment: cannot be polished see p.
External: - see p. 96 External: -
Internal: floors, walls External: - Internal: floors, walls
Reference project: - Internal: floors, walls Reference project: -
Density 3
2.70 - 2.71 k g / d m Banca Populare, Verona, Italy Density 1 . 6 - 2 . 1 kg/
2 3
Compressive strength 84 - 94 N/mm Density 2.69 - 2.72 k g / d m Compressive strength 6 - 27 N/
Not frost-resistant Compressive strength 150 - 160 N/mm 2
Not frost-resistant
Trani limestone U n t e r s b e r g e r Marble limestone Travertino R o m a n o travertine

Trani, Bari, Apulia, Italy Fürstenbrunn, Salzburg, Austria Tivoli, Bagni di Tivoli, Italy
no delivery records Marmor-Industrie Kiefer, 5411 Oberalm, no delivery records
fine-grained Austria fine-grained
beige to cream-pink fine-grained light brown with delicate bands
Surface treatment: cannot be polished light beige with variegated patches Surface treatment: cannot be polished
see p. 96 Surface treatment: cannot be polished see p.
External: floors, facades see p. 96 External: floors, facades
Internal: floors, walls External: floors, facades Internal: floors, walls
San Giovanni Rotondo, Puglia, Italy Internal: floors, walls Getty Center, Los Angeles, USA
Ringstrassengalerie (shopping arcade), Density 2.44 - 2.45 kg/dnV
Compressive strength 130 - 145 N/mm 2
Vienna, Austria Compressive strength 108 - 110 N/nim 1
3
Limited frost resistance Density 2.7 k g / d m Frost-resistant
2
Compressive strength 127 - 166 N/mm
Sandstone
ateig sandstone Bollinger sandstone Nexò sandstone

a, Alicante, Spain Bollingen, Switzerland Kroggard, Neksò, Bornholm, Denmark
l s.a., Novolda, Spain Gebrüder Müller A.G. Steinbruchbetrieb, no delivery records
-grained 8732 Neuhaus, Switzerland dense, very hard
lllowish to grey fine- to medium-grained red
urface treatment: cannot be polished greenish-grey, grey-yellowish to bluish Surface treatment: cannot be polished
see p, 96 Surface treatment: cannot be polished see p. 96
Kternal: floors, facades see p. 96 External: -
ilernal: floors, walls External: floors, facades Internal: -
Jlthedral district, Berlin, Germany Internal: floors, walls Reference project: -
3
insity 2.5 kg/dm Cathedral, Lausanne, Switzerland Density: see p. 94
2
impressive strength 18N/mm Density 2.4 - 2.5 k g / d m 3
Compressive strength: see p. 94
2
Limited frost resistance Compressive strength 39 - 98 N/mm Limited frost resistance
shacher sandstone S i r k w i t z - R a c k w i t z e r sandstone W a r t h a u e r sandstone

ad-Buchen, Switzerland Rackwitz, Poland Wartowice, Poland
jeher Steinbruch & Steinhauerei AG, no delivery records no delivery records
' Staad, Switzerland medium-grained fine-grained
grained cream-yellow with dark embellishment yellow-brown to grey-white
-bluish/yellowish/greenish Surface treatment: cannot be polished Surface treatment: cannot be polished
ice treatment: cannot be polished see p. 96 see p. 96
irnal: floors, facades Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls
irnal: floors, walls German parliament building, Berlin, German parliament building (restoration),
•dral, Constance, Germany Germany Berlin, Germany
3
Bity 2.27 - 2.67 k g / d m Density 3
2.62 k g / d m Density see p. 94
2 2 2
npressive strength 113 - 136 N/mm Compressive strength 170 N/mm Compressive strength 52 N/mm
Hod frost resistance Limited frost resistance Limited frost resistance
89
Marble
Ajax marble A r i s t o n marble Astir marble

Drama, Macedonia, Greece Drama, Greece Kavala, Greece
Lithos Marmor GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Str. 14, Pavlidis S.A., 66100 Drama P.O.B. 99, no delivery records
68623 Lampertheim, Germany Greece medium-grained
very fine-grained fine-grained grey-white with light clouds
pure white with light clouds pure white Surface treatment: can be polished
Surface treatment: can be polished Surface treatment: can be polished
see p. 96 see p. 96 External: floors, facades
External: - External: - Internal: floors, walls
Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls Reference project: -
Reference project: - Reference project: - Density '.''"i
Density 3
2.7 - 2.84 k g / d m Density 3
2.8 k g / d m Compressive strength :.<m |
2
Compr. strength 9 6 - 1 2 9 N/mm 2
Compressive strength 92 - 98 N/mm Limited frost resistance
Not frost-resistant Frost-resistant
Bianco Sivec marble B l a n c o Macael marble Carrara marble

Sivec, Prilep, F.Y.R. of Macedonia Macael, Almeria, Andalusia, Spain Carrara, Massa Carrara Province, Ital
F.H.L. Marmor- & Granitvertrieb G m b H , no delivery records no delivery records
63128 Dietzenbach, Germany medium-grained white
very fine-grained white Surface treatment: can be polished
uniform white Surface treatment: can be polished son
Surface treatment: can be polished see p. 96 External: floors, facades
see p. 96 External: floors, facades Internal: floors, walls
External: floors, facades Internal: floors, walls La Grande Arche, Paris, France
Internal: floors, walls Reference project: - Density son
National Museum, Prague, Density 2.72 k g / d m3
Compressive strength ::w
Czech Republic Compressive strength 80 N/mm 2
3
Density 284 k g / d m Limited frost resistance
2
Compressive strength 151 N/mm
90
Marble
l i o n y s o s marble E s t r e m o z marble Rauchkristall (smoke crystal) marble

)ioniysos, Attica, Greece Estremoz Borba, Portugal Treffen, Carinthia, Austria
10 delivery records no delivery records Lauster Steinbau GmbH, 70376 Stuttgart,
Ine-grained fine-grained Germany
vhite to light grey with darker streaks cream to pink medium-grained
Surface treatment: can be polished Surface treatment: can be polished white-grey to bluish
see p. 96 see p. 96 Surface treatment: can be polished
External: -- Internal: floors, walls see p. 96
Iternal: floors, walls Reference project: - External: floors, facades
\cropolls, Athens, Greece Density 3
2.7 k g / d m Internal: floors, walls
3
Bnsity 2.71 k g / d m Compressive strength 70 - 95 N/mm 2
ipressive strength 111 N/mm 2
Not frost-resistant Density 3
2.68 - 2.71 k g / d m
.)t frost-resistant Compressive strength 92 - 118 N/mm 2
Frost-resistant
(usita marble Sòlk marble T h a s s o s marble

kisita, Rusca-Montana, Romania Kleinsòlk, Austria Thàssos Island, Greece
i delivery records Sòlker Marmor Ges.m.b.H., no delivery records
• to medium-grained 8961 Kleinsòlk, Austria fine-grained
e to yellowish-pink fine-grained pure white without streaks
irlace treatment: can be polished white with green or pink bedding Surface treatment: can be polished
see p. 96 Surface treatment: can be polished see p 96
lornal: floors, facades see p. 96 External: -
»rnal: floors, walls External: floors, facades Internal: floors, walls
Iference project: - Internal: floors, walls Reference project: -
Inslty 2 . 7 0 - 2 . 7 5 kg/dm 3
Steigenberger Hotel, Bad Waltersdorf, Density 2.73 k g / d m 3
2
ipressive strength 110 N/mm Germany Compressive strength 139 N/mm 2
Bt-resistant Density 2.80 k g / d m 3

Not frost-resistant
2
Compressive strength 138 N/mm
Frost-resistant
91
Metamorphic rocks
Alta mica-quartzite Andeer orthogneiss Calanca paragneiss

Alta, Hammerfest, Norway Andeer, Grisons, Switzerland Val Calanca, Grisons, Switzerland
Skifer & Natursteln, 9501 Alta, Norway A. Conrad A.G., Granltwerk, no delivery records
fine-grained 7440 Andeer, Switzerland fine-grained
dark silvery green-grey fine-grained dark grey
Surface treatment: can be polished green-white to grey Surface treatment: can be polished
see p. 96 Surface treatment: can be polished see p.
External: floors, facades see p. 96 External: floors, facades
Internal: External: floors, facades Internal: floors, walls
Louvre, Paris, France Internal: floors, walls Reference project: -
Haas House, Vienna, Austria Density 2.66 kg/dm»,
3
Density 2.68 k g / d m Compressive strength 2 1 0 - 2 1 5 Nr
Frost-resistant Compressive strength 220 N/mm 2
Frost-resistant
Frost-resistant
ç ^ s i f - j a m
' r -.
i s
N A V*-"' %
" " lr
1 'M
C a s t i o n e calc-silicate rock C r e s c i a n o paragneiss Iragna paragneiss
Castione, Ticino, Switzerland Cresciano, Ticino, Switzerland Iragna, Ticino, Switzerland
Antonini S.A. Graniti e Marmi, no delivery records no delivery records
6705 Cresciano, Switzerland fine-grained fine-grained
medium-grained grey-white with fine clouds light grey with darker streaks
grey-green, white Surface treatment: can be polished Surface treatment: can be polished
Surface treatment: can be polished see p. 96 see p. Of]
Internal: floors, walls Opera House, Zurich, Switzerland Hypobank International SA, Luxemboui ;
Zurich-Kloten Airport, Switzerland Density 2.65 - 2.66 k g / d m 3
Density see p. Qfl
3
Density 2.8 - 2.9 k g / d m Compressive strength 150 N/mm 2
Compressive strength see p. M
2
Compressive strength 180 N/mm Frost-resistant Frost-resistant
Frost-resistant
92
Metamorphic rocks
Maggia paragneiss O n s e r n o n e paragneiss Otta mica-schist

Dcarno, Ticino, Switzerland Locarno, Ticino, Switzerland Otta, Norway
D delivery records no delivery records Skifer & Naturstein, 9501 Alta, Norway
fie-grained fine-grained fine-grained
j^rk grey-white dark to medium grey with blue-black
Surface treatment: can be polished distinctive bands Surface treatment: can be polished
see p 96 Surface treatment: can be polished see p. 96
•ternal: floors, facades see p. 96 External: floors, facades
jlternal: floors, walls External: floors, facades Internal: floors, walls
:i'iisity 3
2.72 k g / d m Internal: floors, walls West-Brabant University, Breda,
11-storey block, Kantdreieck, Berlin Netherlands
3
J/rost-resistant Density 2.73 - 2.78 k g / d m Density see p. 94
2
Compressive strength 214 - 234 N/mm Compressive strength see p. 94
Tmierngrun serpentinite Verde S p l u g a quartzite Verde T i n o s serpentinite

llnterbichl, Austria Isolato, Splùgen Pass, Italy Panormos, Tinos Island, Greece
r Steinbau GmbH, 70376 Stuttgart, no delivery records no delivery records
fmany fine-grained fine-grained
-grained light green-white with large clouds olive green
rk green with white veins Surface treatment: can be polished Surface treatment: can be polished
iirface treatment: can be polished see p. 96 see p. 96
see p. 96 External: floors, facades External: -
arnal: floors, facades Internal: floors, walls Internal: floors, walls
Brnal: floors, walls Europol Gaz head office, Warsaw, Poland First Residence Hotel, Giza, Egypt
3, Salzburg, Austria Density 2.67 k g / d m3
Density 3
2.8 k g / d m
2
isity 2.72 kg/dm 3
Compressive strength 1 8 3 - 193 N/mm Compressive strength 111 N/mm 2
'ipressive strength 191 N/mm 2

Frost-resistant Not frost-resistant
-resistant
93
I
Types of stone
Properties
o
E o
E LO E
o
O) m a
c CD
CD E 5
— CD Q. CD
o CD Ü C -
"co —
g
C
« O) • o
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fi c
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co 'co n C
co
co
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3 c_ CO E
c T3 E CD
CD O O c CD cd
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o
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Type of rock
Granite 2.6-2.8 38-76 130-270 5-18 5-8 26 0.1-0.9 1.6-3.4

Syenite 2.6-2.8 64 130-270 5-18 5-8 28 0.1-0.9
Diorite 2.8-3.0 112-125 170-300 6-22 5- 30 0.2-0.4
Gabbro 2.8-3.0 112-125 170-300 6-22 5- 30 0.2-0.4
Rhyolite (porphyry) 2.5-2.8 25-65 180-300 10-22 5-8 23 0.2-0.7
3
o Trachyte 2.5-2.8 20-70 180-300 15-20 5-8 26 0.2-0.7
X
c
Dì Basalt 2.9-3.0 58-103 240-400 13-25 5-8 30 0.1-0.3 1.2-3.0
Diabase 2.8-2.9 78-115 180-250 15-25 5- -8_ 29 0.1-0.4
Lava stone 2.2-2.4 80-150 8-12 1 2 - 15 24 4-10
Volcanic tuff 1.8-2.0 20-30 0.5-5 20 6-15 0.4-1.7
Conglomerate 2.3 20-160 2-15 14-80 27 10
Breccia*
Sandstone 2.0-2.7 8-18 30-150 9-35 27 0.2-10 1.2-3.4
Greywacke 2.6 74-77 1 5 - 30 11-25 7-8 27 0.2-1.0
Clayey shale 2.7-2.I 1-38 50-80 28 0.5-0.6 1.2-2.1
Limestone 2.6-2.9 40-92 75-240 3-19 15-40 28 0.1-3.0 2.0-3.4
c Shelly limestone* 2.0-2.7
CD
60-112 3-16 18-35 28 0.3-2.6
E Travertine 2.4-2.5 20-60 2-13 26 2-5
o
CO
Tuffaceous limest. 1.7-2.2 30-50 26
Solnh. platy limest. 2.55 215 28.6 14.8 1.4
Dolomite 2.6-2.9 75-240 3-19 15-40 28 0.1-3.0
Onyx*
OrthoVparagneiss 2.6-3.0 100-200 4-10 30 0.3-0.4 1.6-2.1
co Quartzite 2.6-2.7 150-300 13-25 0.2-0.5

O
O Mica-schist* 2.74
o
nF Chlorite schist*
CL
o Serpentinite 2.6-2.8 40-150 140-250 8-18 27 0.3-2.0 3.4
b
2.6-2.9 50-80 75-240 3-19 15-40 28 0.1-3.0 2.0-2.6
S Marble
Migmatite 2.7 155 20.4 0.39
Phylllte* 2.74
Granulite 2.6-3.0 100-200 5-23 15-40 0.1-0.6
* very variable values
94
Types of stone
Surface finishes
Surface finishes • 4 % jfe
These days, only in very special cases is

•tone direct from the quarry worked in
i u c h a way that a flat surface is pro-
duced. Even though after quarrying the
Surfaces of the sawn or cut blocks are
worked by machine or with hand-held -jib
it '..-iW r
1'
5
-ti
bower tools, a knowledge of the manual

lurface treatments is useful due to the » 1 , /.
Increasing amount of work on existing •t
buildings, refurbishment projects and the
preservation of historic buildings.
i r ^ A ,:•
:i
* o - *%. .y\ /*• ..lì*.
[the customary tools used today generally 1
~ s ..
look much the same as they did in the

Middle Ages. As in the past, their devel- Coarse-pointed Pointed
opment and use are based on the type of
material, its hardness and the effects that The surface is broken away using a ham- In this form of pointing the chisel is held
can be achieved bearing in mind the mer and a pointed chisel (pyramidal almost perpendicular to the surface. (Nor-
• r t u r e of the material. The choice of sur- form). The surface finish in this case is mally, the chisel is held at an angle of
face treatment is therefore just as deliberately uneven, the angle and depth about 45°.) The degree of surface finish
dependent on the character of the com- of cut being varied throughout. However, can be varied from coarse to fine by alter-
ponent as it is on the type of stone the whole surface must be worked. Fine ing the spacing between the tooling.
selected. The right choice of surface pointing differs from this in that the finish
ffeatment can enhance the expression is worked with regular blows, with the fin-
nnd effect of a stone component. ished surfaces free from regular tracks
and deeper cuts.
— w
t,
¿0 X
Pointed Pointed (bands in herringbone pattern) Tooth-chiselled
Shown here is a special form of pointing The chisel for this work has a flat end 20-
in which the hammer and chisel are used 50 mm wide and usually between three
to create wide bands, following a pattern and five "teeth". A wide range of surface
that has been drawn on the stone. finishes is possible by varying the chisel-
ling action (straight, curved, criss-cross).
97
Types of stone
Surface finishes
-A" V
*• » •'4'*'" x -? • *' '-• '*H * «. sjr
Comb-chiselled Comb-chiselled (random) Comb-chlselled (herringbone pattern)
A whole spectrum of surface finishes is This surface finish is created by varying This surface finish was created with a
possible by using chisels of different the direction and maybe also the d e p t h of 30 mm wide chisel.
widths (80-150 mm), varying the spacing the chiselling action.
of the chiselling, changing the direction,
using heavier or lighter blows, etc. Further
variations can be achieved by altering the
angle of the chisel, and also by reworking
the "furrows".
•ti
m
Bush-hammered Fine bush-hammered Bush-hammered and ground
A bush-hammer creates a coarse-grained, For this finish, the spacing of the t e e t h When a follow-up surface treatment is
flat surface. The spacing of the pyramid- on the (interchangeable) hammerhead employed, the result Is usually one of
shaped teeth of the approx. 50 x 50 mm should be 4-5 mm (corresponding to dampening and refining the effect of the
hammerhead varies from 4 to 15 mm. The 12 x 12 teeth). This produces a flat, initial treatment.
hammerhead is interchangeable; it has regular, plain surface.
4 x 4 teeth for coarse finishes and 7 x 7
teeth for finer finishes.
98
Types of stone
Surface finishes
>4P
Uè
4 - •£
- ; . >
•> >f.
:
•Si .a*
•§' v •••
"t . -
inted and ground Pointed, tooth-chiselled and ground Pointed, bush-hammered, axed and
ground
is is a combination of two types of sur- Working the pointed surface with a
ce treatment with very different charac- toothed chisel tends to flatten the surface, In this case four very different surface
Istics. The effect of the follow-up treat- which is then further enhanced by grind- treatments are combined to create an
nt Is to attenuate the intensity of the ini- ing. attenuating or mutually enhancing effect.
I treatment. The result is a very diverse structure.
e-pointed and furrowed Bush-hammered, brushed and semi-ground Bush-hammered, brushed and waxed
rking the coarse-pointed surface with The originally coarse surface of the stone The colour of the surface worked in two
ipecial hammer (interchangeable head is refined and flattened in three mechani- operations is intensified by the wax treat-
!i five parallel ridges) creates a very cal operations. ment and simultaneously protected for
Id texture because the rather more reg- jointing.
r linear furrows is superimposed on the
ise substrate.
59
Types of stone
Surface finishes
Diamond-sawn Ground Polished
Diamond-tipped sawblades create accu- Coarse and visible to microscopically fine Polishing is the final refining process i
rate and relatively fine cut surfaces due to circular marks are produced on the sur- ried out on a surface that has been
the horizontal, pushing and pulling move- face depending on the grit of the abra- ground beforehand. The aim of polishlr
ment when fitted in a frame, or in the form sive, made from very hard silicon carbide is to create an absolutely smooth and
of circular or gang saws. The sawblades or diamond. As with all forms of stone sur- dense surface, which can even result I
leave recognisable tracks on the surface. face treatment, the succession of treat- glossy or reflective finish depending i H
In some quarries a traditional method of ments proceeds from coarse to fine: the type of stone. Small holes or larger
cutting is still used: diamond-beaded coarse grinding (C60), semi-fine (C120), pores are filled with an epoxy resin or
steel wires - formerly steel wires in an fine (C220); wet method, dry method for mineral substance.
abrasive slurry - to produce very vivid, small areas only. Sanded surfaces, pro-
albeit inaccurate, sawn surfaces. duced by rubbing the surface with steel
shot, can be classed as a special form of
ground surface.
Laser-treated Ground Polished
The laser treatment creates ultra-fine The'rule for ground surfaces is: the higher Hard types of stone are polished with
depressions in the polished or very finely the grit number (C30 to C800), the finer ceramic- or diamond-tipped discs. Ho'
ground surface. The brilliance of the col- the surface finish. Grinding marks are no ever, this presumes a dense type of st
ouring of the stone remains almost unaf- longer visible with grits of C 220 and suitable for this type of finish. A semi-gl
fected by this treatment. (Shown here is a above. Finely ground surfaces bring out or satin gloss finish is also possible.
sample of larvikite.) the full colour and texture of the stone.
100
Types of stone
Surface finishes
an
Bush-hammered Fine bush-hammered
16 rough, "as quarried" surface is worked The machine-applied bush-hammering The sawn granite surface in this example
(Ith a 30 mm wide flat chisel. The surface (head with 2 x 2 teeth) to the granite in was worked with a pneumatic hammer
an be given a very vivid appearance by this example illustrates quite clearly the (head with 5 x 5 teeth).
irying the direction and depth of the differences between the same surface fin-
Hows. ish on different types of stone.
iwed Sandblasted
method is similar to bush-hammer- Steel shot or aluminium oxide abrasive is An extremely hot flame from an oxyacety-
However, the special hammer sprayed onto the rough-sawn surface to lene torch briefly heats the surface of the
loyed has a striking surface with par- produce a coarse but even finish. Saw stone to cause small particles of stone to
I ridges which - positioned parallel marks or other deep surface features expand and break away. This regular
the handle - leave behind more or remain visible after this treatment. The "spalling" creates a surface resembling a
s distinct marks depending on the result is a "soft", matt and regular surface split or cleft surface in which the crystal-
•rial. A finer or coarser surface finish finish. line structure is distinct. This technique
be achieved by varying the number presumes a type of rock containing
furrows and their spacing. The sample quartz, and a minimum thickness for the
~wn here was furrowed with a head piece being worked.
vlng fine "cutting edges".
101
Examples of stone applications
Granite
imers Plads, C o p e n h a g e n
jne:
Fjord granite", Norway
struction:
ed paving, with open drained joints
Hell Hansted Holscher,

snhagen
lorms of materials, geometry and hammered surface finish measure 3.40 x points, certain granite paving flags have
Itnils, the redesign of the plaza in front 0.85 x 0.12 m. They were laid raised clear been replaced by raised plinths made
ffices belonging to an insurance com- of the ground with open drained joints. from the same stone but with a finer ham-
' expresses a close affinity with the Along the south-western edge the adjoi- mered finish. These plinths serve as ben-
hltecture and the materials of the exis- ning setts are at a lower level than the ches and lend the flat plaza a degree of
I building. Several overlapping motifs stone flags. Low walls separate the plaza relief. Integrated into these plinths are
Brn the design, giving the plaza a new from the road at this point; there are also special lights; further lighting elements
' and also adding an open-air foyer low walls on the north-eastern side sepa- are located along the marble walls below
building. The paving, consisting of rating the plaza from a low-level cour- the granite paving and in the form of illu-
; of setts laid perpendicular to the tyard. The horizontal top edges of the minated bollards within the newly planted
i axis of the building, surrounds a walls highlight the gentle slope (0.9%) of grove of plane trees.
i open area with stone flags whose the plaza. These walls are clad in ground W DETAIL 4/2000
ul reflects the modular grid of the Norwegian marble obtained from the
ling itself. The large stone flags of same quarry as the cladding on the
1
Norwegian granite with a coarse, facade of the building itself. At selected
111
Gabbro
Office of t h e Federal President, Berlin
Stone:
"Nero Impala" Brazil
Construction:
cladding
Gruber + Klelne-Kraneburg
Frankfurt am Main/Berlin
Martin Gruber, Helmut Kleine-Kraneburg
This is the new administrative wing of

Bellevue Palace, the residence of the
German Federal President at Tiergarten
in Berlin. The new building Is situated at a
distance from the Palace, merging taste-
fully into this sensitive site. The elliptical
plan shape unites the directional rectan-
gular form with the non-directional circu-
lar form. The major axis of the building
follows the line of earlier buildings on this
site, the curving form simplifies the inte-
gration into the surroundings. The con-
cept behind the plan layout Is simple: all
the offices have equal status, are located
on the perimeter and enjoy views over the
park. The open core containing rooms for
ancillary and special functions is reached
via bridges from the galleries that provide
access to the offices. The disciplined,
introverted space between the two parts
of the building is brought to life by the
daylight entering through the glass roof
and the ensuing changing shadows.
The material of the facade - dark, polis-
hed stone (Nero Impala) - helps to inte-
grate the building into the park landscape;
the reflections of the majestic deciduous
trees in the polished, smooth external
skin change continuously depending on
the wind, time of day and time of year.
CP DETAIL 6/1999
112
Basalt
M u s e u m of M o d e r n Art, Vienna
Stone:
"Mendlnger basaltic lava", Germany
Construction:
cladding
Ortner & Ortner, Vienna

Laurids and Manfred Ortner
with Christian Lichtenwagner
lis museum is one of three monolithic

lifices where roof surfaces and facades
ave been treated in identical fashion,
he colouring of the new structures and
ar finishes has been reduced to the
ades of colour present at this location.
Ifel basalt has been used for the faca-
i and the roof surface of the museum,
i diamond-sawn stone has a porous
l smooth surface which, in rain, changes
i shimmering anthracite to jet black,
cladding panels become larger
vards the top of the building, counter-
the natural perspective. This irrlta-
i is reinforced by the corner details: at
I level the corners are rounded, with
radius of 300 mm, but this radius redu-
i lowards the top of the building, termi-
l with a sharp point at the eaves; the
ade appears to overhang slightly. The
ie panels on the outside are 100 mm
; and give the appearance of a solid
Isonry wall. However, they are hung on
Blnl fasteners In front of the structural
III, with a permanently elastic sealant in
i bed joints. The entrance hall is 41 m
I and is clad Internally with 50 mm thick
• panels. The mitred joints at the
li< >iis with the ceilings lend the basalt
tie the appearance of thin "wallpaper".
I0t TAIL 7/2001
113
Volcanic tuff
H o u s e in Latien, Italy
Stone:
Tuff, Latium, Italy
Construction:
ashlar masonry facing leaf
Döring Dahmen Joeressen, Düsseldorf

Wolfgang Döring, Michael Dahmen, Elmar
Joeressen
Embedded in the gently undulating land-

scape of Latium is this building with its
simple geometry whose appearance is
distinguished by the almost defiant-
looking stone walls. The two-storey con-
struction forms the main living quarters for
an agricultural business. In terms of its
design, the architects imitated the tradi-
tional methods of building in this region:
stone walls, shallow-pitched roofs and
gables. Despite the unassuming design
of the house, the interior is very varied,
with a two-storey courtyard enclosed on
three sides and a high-level terrace. The
main access is on the valley side at the
lower level. The courtyard forms an open
reception area from where the office and
utility rooms can be reached. The living
quarters are on the upper floor, with direct
access to the terrace.
Designed to withstand seismic loads, the
construction consists of a reinforced con-
crete frame with clay brick infill panels
and a facing leaf of accurately cut blocks
of tuff stone. The heat storage capacity of
the masonry, which is interrupted only by
a few carefully sized openings, prevents
overheating of the interior in summer, and
excessive cooling in winter.
CU DETAIL 1-2/2002
114
Clayey slate
House near Sarzeau, France Two factors led to the design concept for sand - preventing possible encroach-
this house, which from a distance looks ment from those surroundings! Raised
Stone: like a pair of monoliths hewn from black wooden walkways dictate the access to
Clayey slate panels, Bretagne, France stone. Firstly, the traditional form with its the house. A corridor of glass and pre-
Construction: pitched slate roof. The architect paid weathered steel connects the two parts of
cladding heed to this requirement by turning it into the house, both of which feature a great
a feature and cladding the entire building expanse of glass on the south side, fac-
in slate. Secondly, the site itself, a barren ing the river. As we approach the house,
moor landscape at the mouth of the River the play of light on the 500 x 500 mm
Pernef, meant that house could not avoid slates becomes visible, but from further
being distinctive. The robust outer form of away the slates merge together to create
the house is intended to ensure that it a uniform black surface.
stands out from its wild, natural surround- CP DETAIL 6/1999
ings, a fact that is further emphasised by
Eric Gouesnard, Nantes placing the two monoliths in a circle of
115
Limestone
House in Eichstätt, Germany A quarry owner had this house built next with its south-facing atrium and the talli
to his own quarry, just one of many lime- outer, "screening" walls. The stone ch n i
Stone: stone quarries in this region. The blocks ding to these walls, with its soft, sand
"Jurassic limestone", Germany used for the facade were cut directly from blasted surface, emphasises the porous
Construction: the yellow Jurassic stone of this region, texture of the stone used, encourages
ashlar masonry facing leaf which previously had not been worked in rapid patination of the surface and,
any way - because it is too sandy and through the colouring, helps to fuse the
1
porous - but rather blasted and dumped building into the landscape. The cosl
as waste or broken up and used as bal- the materials was not critical in this caaa,
last. and 80 mm thick, vein-cut panels were
The beauty of the house lies in its com- chosen. The varying lengths (max.
pactness, its distinct lines and the use of approx. 800 mm) and different course
just a few materials. The roughness of the heights (150-400 mm) of the masonry
surrounding landscape provides the con- bond enabled optimum utilisation of the
Theodor Hugues, Munich trast that results In this introverted form, blocks.
^=7i ni °
3 a E
116
Limestone
Town r e s t o r a t i o n in Salemi, Italy
Stone:
"Pietra bianca di Trapani", Italy
Construction:
solid steps
Alvaro Siza Vieira, Porto

Roberto Collova, Palermo
In 1968 an earthquake destroyed large

arts of the Sicilian town of Salemi. Follow-
ing years of political and official opposi-
tion, the architects were finally able to
renew the public areas of the town. The
building works began at various places
within the historical town centre. By creat-
ing new paths and new links in the form of
Stairs and passages it was possible to
eorganise the structure of the urban lay-
out. The design extended from various
types of paving to new streat lamps and
safety barriers. The work centred on the
town's main square, on the hill alongside
the ruins of the cathedral destroyed in the
earthquake. The cathedral was not rebuilt
but, keeping the intervention to a mini-
mum, was converted into an open public
space. The cathedral foundations there-
fore became a focus for life in the town,
with the walls of the apse forming the
backdrop. The raised platform was given
new paving and the positions of the former
columns were marked with stone plinths,
i DETAIL 4/2000
117
Shelly limestone
Wine s t o r e in Vauvert, France
Stone:
Shelly limestone, Gard, France
Construction:
masonry walls
Perraudin Architectes, Vauvert

Gilles Perraudin
Françoise Jourda
The sensitive handling of natural

resources for the construction of build-
ings has been the aim of this practice for
the past 20 years. This means devising
economical building forms and using nat-
ural sources of energy for operating the
facilities. The choice of material is gov-
erned by factors such as durability,
renewability and recyclability. The pre-
ferred materials are, for example, timber,
earth and stone.
These principles were intrinsic to the
design of this wine store, too. The store,
which is subjected to the Mediterranean
climate of the Camargue, requires a high
heat storage mass in order to absorb the
temperature fluctuations which can be
problematic for the wine. The solid exter-
nal walls are made from 520 mm thick
shelly limestone blocks weighing up to
2.5 tonnes obtained from quarries In the
region. The walls were erected without
mortar (dry walling) and in this case func-
tion like a "refrigeration plant", absorbing
heat during the day and, through the
action of the fresh sea breeze, releasing it
again at night. The high cost of the stone
was balanced by the simple structure of
the building and the resulting short con-
struction time - just one month from foun-
dation to roof. CP DETAIL 6/1999
118
Shelly limestone
M u s e u m in K o r b a c h , Germany
Stone:
"Kirchheimer kernstein shelly limestone",
Germany
Construction:
cladding
Penkhues Architekten
Berthold H. Penkhues, Kassel
The old museum in Korbach comprises a

group of stone and timber-framed houses
dating from the Middle Ages, some of
which are covered by a preservation
order. It was therefore not only high time
to extend the museum, but also to carry
out refurbishment work. The new exten-
i sion reflects the small-format structures of
the old building fabric in the form of four
monolith-like cubes. Glazed access corri-
dors, which permit numerous visual links
and hence ease orientation within the
museum, form the seams between the
various parts of the building. Much of the
light within the museum enters through
rooflights, which project beyond the build-
ing envelope, helping to shape the struc-
ture as well as direct daylight into the inte-
rior. The main entrance to the complex is
from the church square side and is turned
slightly to face the portal of the Gothic
St Kilian Church. Furthermore, a spacious
staircase between the market square and
the church square has been inserted in
order to re-establish the link between
these two important urban spaces. The
difference in levels was exploited to limit
and define the market square. The new
Sections of the museum, called "cabi-
nets", are distinguished by their uniform
shelly limestone cladding. A special fea-
ture here is the stone covering to the
roofs. Internally, the stone was bonded to
ie ground slab with adhesive, but on the
itairs it was laid in a bed of trass cement
nortar. Stainless steel fixings were used
! on the facade.
The Kirchheimer kernstein shelly lime-
Dne consists primarily of consolidated,
nail animal shells with relatively few
Dids but a high number of calcite forma-
Dns and also fillings of calcite sub-
ances. The stone is mainly used in solid
arm for sculptures, but also in architec-
jre for floor and wall finishes.
'DETAIL 6/1999
119
Travertine
Bank extension in S c h ö n a i c h , Germany
Stone:
"Gauinger travertine", Germany
Construction:
ashlar masonry facing leaf
Kaag & Schwarz, Stuttgart

Werner Kaag, Rudolf Schwarz
The stone-clad new extension reflects the from the horizontal bands of smooth alu- tea kitchens In the f o r m of the w< n I l< i
width and orientation of the neighbouring minium on the existing bank building. The 1
the fitted c u p b o a r d s . S o m e area:. < 1
farmhouses and, like these, is positioned lintels over the topmost row of windows internal walls also m a k e use of lo< • il i< i
directly on the edge of the footpath. Posi- and the doors are each surmounted by a veirfjne stone. The s i z e of the blocks
tioning the new extension a few metres In cambered arch to relieve the loads. The diminishes towards t h e t o p of the la
front of the existing building dating from use of the same materials internally and w h i c h resulted in an e c o n o m i c solution
the 1970s has created a distinct forecourt the walkways linking the two parts of the b e c a u s e there w a s l e s s w a s t e .
area which is continued by the glazed bank lend uniformity to the Interior design. Th e solid stone b l o c k s are exploiti h I i
foyer. Maple was chosen for the partitions, storing heat and t h e r e f o r e pronu >t<• tin
The use of a coarse bush-hammered sur- doors and the large area of louvre-type interior climate c o n c e p t of ventilate i
face finish to the 115 mm thick Gauinger cladding on the old building, facing the t h e windows, n i g h t - t i m e cooling am I
travertine masonry of the facade avoids new atrium. A green stone floor finish, laid ral thermals in the a t r i u m . The fresh all
the often unapproachable, prestige char- in a bed of mortar, extends from the park- s u p p l y is preheated v i a floor-moui ill" i
acter of polished stone, and the vertical ing in the forecourt right through the collectors. DETAIL 6/1 ftt]
window slots sets the extension apart entire ground floor and continues into the
120
Paragneiss
Chapel of rest, M u n i c h - R i e m
>tone:
Gneiss Gloria", Bulgaria
Construction:
Icing leaf of squared rubble stone
nasonry inü
zointà.
dreas Meek, Stephan K o p p e l , Munich
The new extension to the cemetery with results in all areas having their own special
its chapel of rest was integrated into atmosphere. The deliberate way in which
the landscaped park in this suburb of the light "grazes" the walls helps to empha-
Munich. A rubble stone wall encloses a sise the textures of the materials used. The
distinct sequence of rooms and open chapel of rest itself is not an enclosed
spaces to form a clearly defined layout. room but instead opens out - at least in a
The spatial transitions in the monastery- visual sense - on to the external ponds.
like courtyard are not strict. The win- The surface of the water is at floor level,
dows employ storey-high, frameless, and the rubble stone masonry of the rear
fixed glazing, thus making the building wall continues through the glass facade
envelope hardly perceivable at these without interruption. All the materials are
positions. Doors and gates of Cor-Ten solid and untreated. Their natural ageing,
weathering steel or oak provide large- the accumulation of a patina, is intended
format contrasts or openings. The dif- to represent the cycle of life.
ferent ways in which the light enters CP DETAIL 2/2001
121
Paragneiss
C o m m u n i t y buildings in Iragna, In this town in Ticino, situated in a tradi- that enables them to stand out from lr»lf
Switzerland tional stone-quarrying region, three tar- neighbours. The chapel and its ;i:/.< »
geted measures resulted in a new infra- ated enclosing walls mark the nor II
Stone: structure, which satisfies modern require- em edge of the town. The town hall Irnn
"Iragna gneiss", Switzerland ments and, at the same time, is also sen- been positioned alongside a new, II
Construction: sitive to the existing structure of the old sided, sloping, open area paved with
facing leaf of random rubble stone town. The architect designed a chapel of local gneiss flags. A light-coloured, 1
masonry rest and a town hall, and also redesigned faced concrete plinth separates II m i
a square in the southern part of the town. ing from the masonry of the walls. 11 n
Thanks to the use of a local vivid-textured edges of the floors penetrate the ma
stone for the walls, these solid buildings walls and divide up the stonework, arid
achieve close ties with the town's tradi- permit experimentation with different win
tions. Nevertheless, their simple, clearly dow formats, including a long hori.
accentuated outlines give the new build- window, in the heavyweight masom
Raffaele Cavadini, Locarno ings a contemporary self-assuredness U Detail 6/1999
L
1
'
Ai
\ j - . •;• ... . ft
aa
[ 1
_™ ..
—*—"'3 —'-—-t "\
. ...
^- _ a — ^ x
: :
-' ^ - \... - .- .: ..
— , J UJl
:
F - -
1
\ \ ... — — *
122
Quarztite
Thermal baths in Vals, Switzerland
Stone:
»Valser quarzite«, Switzerland
Construction:
facing leaf of ashlar stone masonary
Peter Zumthor, Haldenstein
Currently, the essential stimuli for building

with stone do not emanate from the urban
centres but rather from innumerable,
often small, structures in rural districts,
where stone is used not merely as a clad-
ding material but instead to comply with
local traditions or to satisfy functional
requirements. One of these examples is
Peter Zumthor's thermal baths in Vals.
Like virtually no other stone building
erected in recent years, this has attracted
the attention of the whole industry. The
material fulfils two functions here: the
stone is local, and therefore creates a
bond with the mountainous surroundings.
Furthermore, the stone guarantees
numerous aesthetic and physical experi-
ences. Zumthor's elementary design is a
response to the customary health spa
architecture, which lies somewhere
between that of a hospital and a leisure
pool with Mediterranean trappings. How-
ever, he has also tried to formulate an
answer to the virtual world of bits and
bytes of the information age.
Solid walls - courses of Valser quartzite -
give the building the impression of being
one huge monolith growing out of the
t
mountainside. For this purpose, 60,000

slabs up to 3.20 m long were sawn with
millimetre precision and then laid care-
fully on top of each other. As all surfaces
- walls, floors, even the inside of the
pools - are of stone, users experience the
physical presence of the material every-
where. They experience the different col-
ouring as the light changes and can feel
the stone with their hands and feet while
bathing. The overall concept is one of the
creation of a contemplative atmosphere.
Only a few buildings of the recent past
have made stone so popular; one of
these is the thermal baths In Vals. How-
ever, only a few of those architects
inspired by Peter Zumthor will ever find
clients who are prepared to finance such
a venture.
123
Quarztite
City and regional library, Dortmund
Stone:
"Alvdals quartzlte", Sweden
Construction:
cladding
Mario Botta, Lugano
aa
The stone-clad, elongated wing of the

new library building marks and frames
one edge of the old quarter of the city; at
the western end it also adopts the build-
ing line and the level of the eaves of the
adjoining buildings surrounding the
square. Growing out of this block with
offices and archives (plus other functions
not related to the library) is the glazed,
semi-circular public part of the library,
extending into the public square. The
"stone" block supported on set-back col-
umns between the display windows on
the north side at ground-floor level Is ter-
raced on the south side - a feature that is
revealed at the plain, narrow ends of the
building. This is a reinforced concrete
construction clad in a reddish Swedish
quartzite stone, with a ventilation cavity
between the two. The floors of the semi-
circular section are supported on rein-
forced concrete columns, the glazed
envelope carried by a robust steel struc-
ture. Besides the contrast generated by
the two parts of the building and their
positioning within the urban space, it is
primarily the interplay between the calm
sequence of identical window formats
and the pattern of the stone facade with
its vivid texture that gives this structure its
effect. CP Detail 6/1999
124
Marble
Carinthia state archives, Austria
Stone:
"Rauchkristall", Austria
Construction:
cladding
Horst Aichernig, Villach

Edwin Pinteritsch, Spittal a.d. Drau
The different functions of the Carinthia

state archives are readily apparent from
outside; in particular, the clear, restrained
design of the archives located within the
white marble cube. Behind a 30 mm thick
cladding of local marble lies the real heart
of this complex. Only three narrow glass
slits break up the main facade and allow
a little light into the otherwise "photopho-
bic" store. The light-coloured facade con-
struction with its ventilation cavity contrib-
utes greatly to controlling the interior cli-
mate of the building.
,W
125

M Constructii Cap Piatra

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DETAII Practice

Bauzing {Wolfenstein) granodiorite B e r b i n g granite B i r k e n k o p f granite

Blauenthal granite B o b e n h o l z (Achertal) granite D e m i t z - T h u m i t z granodiorite

Eging granite Eitzing granite E p p r e c h t s t e i n granite

Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Abrasion resistance 3 2

Frost-resistant Frost-resistant Frost-resistant

r lossenbürg granite Fùrstenstein diorite Gertelbach granite

Herrenholz granodiorite K a l t r u m granite K a m e n z granodiorite

Knaupsholz granite K ö s s e i n e granite K r o n r e u t h granodiorite

Meissen granite M e t t e n granite M i t t w e i d a granite

N a m m e r i n g granite R a u m i i n z a c h granite Reinersreuth (Waldstein) granite

R i n c h n a c h granite R o g g e n s t e i n granite Thanstein granodiorite

Tittling (Bayerwald Rosa) granite Z s c h o r l a u granite Z u f u r t granite

Deucha rhyolite (granite-porphyry) S n o w f l a k e lamprophyre Sora lamprophyre

mpressive strength 111 - 224 N / m m 2

rasión resistance see p. 94 Compressive strength 250 N / m m2

npresslve strength 390 N / m m 2

O b e r s c h e l d diabase Hirzenhain picrite (diabase) L ö b e j ü n rhyolite

Reimerath trachyte Selters trachyte W e i d e n h a h n trachyte

Wurdinghauser dacite Hohenfels tephritic lava L o n d o r f e r basaltic lava

Compressive strength see p. 94 Compressive strength 89.6 N / m m 2

Mnyener basaltic lava M e n d i n g e r basaltic lava Plaidt basaltic lava

Ettringer tuff M i c h e l n a u e r tuff (scoria agglomerate) Riedener tuff

Rochlitzer rhyolitic tuff R o m a n tuff Weiberner tuff

• niiieimer sandstone B u r g p r e p p a c h e r sandstone C o t t a sandstone

Dorfprozelten sandstone Eichenbuhlen sandstone Friedewalder sandstone

Griintenstein sandstone H a a r d t e r (Neustadt) sandstone Heilbrunner sandstone

Heigelsdorf sandstone I b b e n b ü r e n e r sandstone Ihrler green sandstone

I Blntadter sandstone Lindlarer greywacke M a u l b r o n n e r sandstone

O b e r n k i r c h e n e r sandstone Pfaffenhofener sandstone Palatinate sandstone

P f r o n d o r f e r sandstone Pliezhausen sandstone Ruhr sandstone

Miilhen sandstone Sander sandstone Schleerieht sandstone

ftohdnbrunner sandstone S c h w e i n s t h a l e r sandstone Seeberger sandstone

S t e i g e r w a l d sandstone U d e l f a n g e r sandstone Velpker sandstone

Weser sandstone W o r z e l d o r f e r sandstone Wiistenzeller sandstone

Fredeburger slate Harzer slate Holzmadener oil shale

ipressive strength see p. 94 Abrasion resistance see p. 94 Compressive strength see p. 94

l e s t e n e r slate Mayener slate Moselle slate

Aachener bluestone, limestone Elm calcite Jura limestone

Solnhofener platy calcite T h ü s t e r limestone Ziller limestone

Crailsheimer shelly limestone Eibelstadter shelly limestone Freyburger aphrite

Jena shelly limestone K i r c h h e i m e r shelly limestone (Kernstein) K i r c h h e i m e r shelly limestone (Blaub.ini

aerdorla shelly limestone C a n n s t a t t e r travertine Ehringsdorfer travertine

nuinger, Riedlingen travertine Langensalzaer travertine Bärenthal tuffaceous limestone

npressive strength 5 4 - 5 5 N/mm 2

amsion resistance see p. 94 Frost-resistant Abrasion resistance see p. 94

a .*t ..»V - s i 1,1

Gönninger tuffaceous limestone Huglfinger (Pollinger) tuffaceous limestone G o l d b e r g dolomite

Harzer (Niixeier) dolomite Kleinziegenfelder dolomite Wachenzeller dolomite

Theumaer spotted slate O d e n w a l d quartz O d e n w a l d orthogneiss

Compressive strength 195N/mm 2

Ibn ision resistance 3

Balmoral granite Baltik B r o w n granite Bianco Cristal granite

jio Sardo granite K u r i l Grey granite Lanhelin granite

hauser granite Rosa Porrino granite Silvestre granite

Basaltina t e p h r i t e volcanic rock Blue Pearl syenite C i n c e n t o Grey foyaite

S p e k t r o l i t e anorthosite Trientiner Porphyry rhyolite W o l g a Blue anorthosite

i n e t e r limestone Belgian Red limestone B e l g i s c h Granite limestone

yompressive strength see p. 94 Compressive strength 90 - 150 N/mm 2

l o t t i c i n o limestone C o m b l a n c h i e n limestone Nero P o r t o r o limestone

Rojo A l i c a n t e limestone Rosso Verona limestone Savonnieres limestone

Trani limestone U n t e r s b e r g e r Marble limestone Travertino R o m a n o travertine

ateig sandstone Bollinger sandstone Nexò sandstone

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