Maths Formulas and Laws

Steven Cimarosti
Surds
1. AB  A B
 A B  AB
2. A
B  A
B

3.( A ) 2  A

Indices
1.a n  a m  a n  m
2.a n  a m  a n  m
3.( a n ) m  a nm
4. x 0  1
5.a  n  1
an
1
6.a n  n
a

Expansions
1. Distributive Law
a (b  c)  ( ab  ac)
2. Difference of 2 squares
( x  y )( x  y )  x 2  y 2
3. Perfect squares
(a  b) 2  a 2  2ab  b 2
(a  b) 2  a 2  2ab  b 2

Factorising
1. Common Factors
 3 xy  9 xy 2
 3 xy (1  3 y )
2. Group in Pairs
ax  ay  bx  by
 a ( x  y )  b( x  y )
 ( a  b)( x  y )
3. Difference of 2 Squares
x2  y2
 ( x  y) 2
 ( x  y )( x  y )
4. Trinomials (PSF)
x 2  7 x  12
 x 2  3 x  4 x  12
P=12x2 S=7x F= 3x, 4x
 x ( x  3)  4( x  3)
 ( x  4)( x  3)
5. Perfect squares
a 2  2ab  b 2
 ( a  b) 2
6. Sum and Difference of cubes
a3  b3
 ( a  b) 3
 ( a  b)( a 2  ab  b 2 )
a3  b3
 ( a  b) 3
 ( a  b)(a 2  ab  b 2 )

Quadratic Formula

if ..ax 2  bx  c  0
b b 2  4ac
then..x 
2a

Parabolic formula
ax 2  bx  c  0
Parabolic formula of a circle
x2  y2  r 2
Hyperbola
y 1
x
Exponential Line
y  xa
Trigonometry

1. SOH CAH TOA

opp adj opp
sin   cos   tan  
hyp hyp adj

2. Cosine Rule
Side: - a 2  b 2  c 2  2bc cos A
- requires 2 sides + included angle
b2  c2  a 2
Angle: - cos A 
2bc
- requires 3 sides

3. Sine Rule
sin A sin B sin C
Angle:  
a b c
 a b c
Side:  
sin A sin B sin C

Area
1. Triangle
Area  12 ab  sin C
2. Trapezium
Area  12 (a  b)h
Prism
Volume
V  A  h ie. Area of base × height
Surface Area
SA  S  S  S ..etc.

Pyramid
Volume
V  13 Ah ie. ⅓ × Area of base × Perpendicular height
Surface Area
Find height of triangle using Pythagoras and add all sides

Cylinder
Volume
V  r 2 h ie. Area of Base × height
Surface Area
SA  2r 2  2rh ie. Base × Curved Area