A Research Paper

Presented to Colegio San Agustin - Makati

High School Department

A Study on Grade 12 Students’ Perception on Career Counselling & Its Impact in Career
Decisions

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in Inquiry

For the First Semester
A.Y. 2019 - 2020

Submitted by:
Choi, Junho
Payaoan, Gabriel Enrique
Salcedo, Andre Miguel
Takijima, Kyle
 CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

I. Background of the Study

Career Counselling is identified as the guidance on issues related to the client’s career

issues. It began in the United States in the 19th Century when societal adjustment was still

occurring. According to historians, this new profession was a form of a campaign intended to

address issues such as poverty and unemployment. A number of economic issues such as the loss

of permanent jobs on farms, the increase of demands for workers in heavy industries, and etc, is

what created and shaped career counselling. The main purpose of the creation of this profession

was to eradicate issues concerning employment.

It continued to make its way through the next generations globally, and eventually

became a vital tool for educational requirements in schools. The use of career counselling in

order to promote wise decision-making and the necessity of finding a fulfilling job in schools

started in 1920. It became a core activity of schools around the world designed mainly to assist

with the difficult choices that students are obliged to make. The youth is presented with multiple

different opinions and choices for their career, which makes it heavily difficult for them to come

at a decision on their own. The thought of choosing one career to commit yourself to for the next

following years of your life can be extremely overwhelming and pressuring, especially when

different factors such as interests, financial status and parents’ personal opinions get in the way.

However, for some students, the main reason they are uncertain of who they aspire to be in the

future is because they do not know themselves well enough and have not yet seen their

limitations as well as their full potential. The goal of career counselling is to uncover one’s
strengths, learning curves, as well as his/her weaknesses, which is eventually used as an analysis

of students which will help them uncover their potential in different areas or fields of studies.

Not only does it help students analyse the best path for them to take in relation to their

personality, it also helps students unfold hidden strengths and to grow from their discoveries of

what they are truly capable of achieving.

Career Counselling in Colegio San Agustin Makati is a program that is taken seriously by

the administrators. The program is usually offered to high school students and are provided by

the Guidance Counsellors. It is executed well as CSA Makati provides different talks by alumni

and counsellors every school year. Not only that, CSA Makati also provides their students with

programs that help them understand their strengths and weaknesses more, in order to align it with

a certain career choice. They also offer their students a brief explanation and a thorough

comparison of the different universities and colleges they are to choose from, and which school

would offer them better facilities and education depending on their decided course. This program

is different from other programs in other schools bcause it goes beyond just distributing tests and

analysing students based on their personality tests; it mainly focuses on personally getting to

know these students, their interests and likes, and their strengths and weaknesses through

different activities and different career talks provided. The program in CSA Makati does not rely

heavily on these recorded tests, instead, it relies more on personally having a peek of how these

students are like. It relies more on giving these students more information than necessary from

different set of people who had gone through what they are currently going through --

administrators, alumni, parents, and credible professionals.

 II. Statement of the Problem

According to Water (2012), human beings are often faced with overwhelming pressure

which may come from different sources such as families, colleagues, education system, and

culture, to be able to choose the perfect career; to find a fulfilling job that constantly encourages

one to express his/her talents, a job that provides financial support, and reflects well on one’s

family and culture. Every individual was taught to believe that if they are to fall short of this

perfection of a job, then they are undeniably depriving themselves of happiness and the best life.

With another batch of Colegio San Agustin Makati graduating in the upcoming year of 2020, the

researchers wanted to take a closer look at the influence career counselling has on one’s mindset

of which career path they wish to take, especially since there is often an overwhelming pressure

present. With this being said. Being able to confirm the effectiveness of career counselling may

lessen the pressure on the students’ shoulders if they are fully aware that there is a program

meant to help them find their way.

III. Research Objectives

The aim of this research consisted of the following :

A. To determine the perception of students regarding career counselling in relation to career

choices.

B. To identify the impact of career counselling to the students’ career decisions.

IV. Research Questions

This research is guided by these two points of inquiry

 1. How do the Grade 12 students of Colegio San Agustin Makati A.Y. 2019 - 2020 view

career counselling as a guide to decision-making regarding their career paths?

2. How much of an impact does career counselling have in the decisions that these students

create, involving their chosen courses?

V. Research Hypotheses

1. The Grade 12 Students of Colegio San Agustin Makati A.Y. 2019 - 2020 view career

counselling as an unreliable guide to their career decisions.

The Grade 12 Students of Colegio San Agustin Makati A.Y. 2019 - 2020 view career

counselling as reliable guide to their career decisions.

2. Career counselling has no impact on the decisions that these students create, involving

their chosen courses.

Career counselling has a huge impact on the decisions that these students create,

involving their chosen courses.

VI. Significance of the Study

Although the process may be overwhelming and pressuring, it is undeniable that finding a

fulfilling career is considered to be important to our mental well-being. Not only that, it is also

important that every individual chooses the right one for him/her, wherein he/she will be able to

use his/her skills and talents whilst also finding enjoyment and happiness in their workplace at

the same time. The aim of the reearchers was to conduct a study that takes a closer look at c areer

counselling and to be able to conduct a thoroughly researched investigation whether it has been
 effective or not, and if Grade 12 students find it to be a useful tool on their decision-making. Not

only will students benefit from this study, but so will their parents and the school administrators.

It will give students a better knowledge of the effectiveness of guidance counselling so

they may be able to see for themselves if it would be vital to pay more attention to the program

or not. In addition, this program also helps them get to know themselves, what they excel in, and

the correlation between their personality, learning curves, and their dream career. Students are

the main beneficiaries of this study mainly because the whole program has always been centred

around helping students find their place in the society and the economy, as well as giving them

the resources to be capable of choosing between the many different alternatives that are laid out

in front of them.

VII. Scope and Limitations

The study focused on determining the effectiveness of career counselling among the

Grade 12 students of Colegio San Agustin Makati, A.Y. 2019 - 2020. The main reason behind

the chosen population is that now that they are in their last year of high school, it is to be

assumed that most of them had already thought about their career options, and that most of them

are fully aware of the purpose of career counselling.

VIII. Theoretical Framework :

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Is Career Counselling Survey questions based on Effectiveness of career

Effective? By Hideo these students’ perspectives counselling and its influence
Shimomura on the program on a student’s career choice
 For the input, the researchers chose “Is Career Counselling Effective?”, the theory by

Hideo Shimomura (2018) which compares individuals with and without experience of career

counselling in order to determine its effectiveness. The statistics presented by Shimomura, which

was gathered through a large-scale questionnaire survey that was conducted by Japan Institute

for Labour Policy and Training, shows that when a person has experienced counselling by a

professional, compared to a person who has failed to do so, the satisfaction with current working

lifestyle was 1.886 times higher. Both groups were asked about their employment status and their

working style in relation to their career counselling experiences. The study then showed that

receiving this program from an expert is effective, not only for decision-making, but for the

long-term lifestyle in terms of employment as well. For the process, the researchers will be

conducting a survey questionnaire as the instrument for the data gathering procedure as it is the

simplest yet most convenient way to collect data from respondents. For the output, the data that

we will be able to gather by the end of the study will show survey statistics that will indicate

whether career counselling is reliable or not.

IX. Definition of Terms

A. Counselling - giving professional advice and help to an individual destraught by a set of

personal problems

B. Career Counselling - mentoring / coaching on issues related to an individual’s career

C. Decision-Making - process of making important decisions that would affect an

individual’s life heavily

 D. Learning Styles - refers to the preferential way in which the student absorbs, processes,

comprehends and retains information.

CHAPTER 2 : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This portion of the research paper aims to look closer at the chosen topic through

collection of multiple studies, theories, and definitions presented in the forms of literature. Not

only will this help the researchers strengthen the significance and credibility of the research

topic, it will also enlighten the readers more on what the study is focused on, by reading texts

that did not come from the researchers themselves, but from people who had once intended to

investigate career counselling’s effectiveness as well.

A. Career Counselling

Career Counselling is a program being practiced in most schools around the world,

especially for high school students who are currently still exploring their options and finding

themselves in order to find the perfect career choice. However, it is also applicable for people

who are facing difficulties and doubts with the career path they have chosen. According to

Peterson & Nisenholz (1987), this program is a proactive effort that is designed to prepare

students, even adults, to cope with situations that should be addressed in order to maintain a

successful and fulfilling career. The aim of the program is to facilitate career awareness,

decision-making and self-awareness on different individuals in order for them to find their

identity and embrace who they are really eant to be.

 This certain profession/program started when Frank Parsons wrote a book called

Choosing a Vocation in 1909, in which the term counsellor was introduced to describe the

vocational guidance practitioner. As a result of his work, it had established a field of vocational

guidance and has fostered the whole field of counseling. In 1913, the National Vocational

Guidance Association, which is now the American Association for Counseling and

Development, was formed. The very first journal published in the field of counseling was called

Journal of Counseling and Development, and since then, vocational guidance and counseling has

started to be seen and associated with schools, as stated by Borrow (1984).

Despite the program being exposed to and applied in the different parts of the world,

some people may not still be able to make a proper distinction between career counseling and

personal counseling, as mentioned by Marinelli & Messing (1982). The distinction between the

two could be based on different factors such as the nature of training and experience that the

counselor has, such as working mainly on caree cases/situations, or working with mainly

psychopathology. Although it is mentioned that career counseling addresses issues on

decision-making regarding an occupation and lifestyle, it is also considered as a personal

counseling. For example, when a 42 year old man decides that he wants to find a job that would

be more meaningful, fitting, and life-changing for him, it is a case of personal counseling in

which a career choice has to be made by the client. To summarise it, all cases of career

counseling is clearly also considered as personal. However, all personal counseling are not

considered as a career counseling. This program, just like any other counselling specialties, has a

prt of its history in a significant theoretical development, in which different theories have been
formed and developed over the years that shape the whole field. One significant theory that

highly contributed to the growth of career counseling is the Career Counseling Theory.

As for the Career Counseling Theory, five major types of approaches that would be

beneficial to the career development of others have been identified by Herr and Cramer (1979):

1. The trait-factor approach emphasises that one’s personality trait is highly related to one’s

perfect career path. These are to be based off aptitude tests and one’s interest to the

characteristics required by a certain job.

2. The decision theory indicates that the individual is to choose from different vocational

and lifestyle alternatives by using concepts that are related to this approach. It suggests

that career decision-making skills are so much more than just relating your personal

characteristics and traits to the requirements of the given job. It mentions that

environmental factors, the nature of personal learning experiences and the degree of

attainment of task-approach skills are more necessary than significant.

3. The situational approach emphasises that situational factors such as location, political and

social factorsm ethnic, religious and family beliefs, and value systems, are also some of

the factors that affect one’s decision to commit to a certain job.

4. The psychological approach takes into consideration the individual’s psychological needs

as to a job that would be good for their mental health.

5. The developmental approach shines light on the person’s long term development, which

means that career decision making is a lifelong process depending on the person’s life

stage and where they are right now.

 The program is fostered and developed by different theories and approaches that

continue to shape and transform the program as the years go by.

B. Goals and Aims of Career Counselling

According to Letson (2009), career education is a concept that recognises the

urgent necessity of reassuring that every student is prepared enough to find his proper place in

the society and economy, as well as determining how he could contribute to the society and its

members. This is the goal of career counseling; to guide, not only pupils but also adults, as they

try to find job satisfaction and as they try to find themselves and which job would be most fitting

for them.

The aim of the program is to provide different methods, tools, and theories, to be able to

analyse a certain individual’s personality as well as their cognitive development as a way of

helping them find where they belong in the society. Its aim is to give their clients a knowledge of

their full potential, and what exactly they can do with it. It aims to develop one’s confidence

when they face challenges that require good decision-making skills related to their career as well

as to provide their clients with opportunities to meet all the basic human needs -- survival,

security, belonging, self-awareness, and self-actualisatoin, as stated by Parnell (2001).

One of the primary goals of the program is to enable every individual to make informed

choices as he develpos his own career and vocational life. The objective is to give everyone a

sense of control over their own lifestyle, whilst guiding them through it. The greatest barrier to

allowing one to have command over their vocational lifestyle is lack of information, which is

what the program aims to change. To choose a career meant for you is to choose from a set of
different alternatives laid out in front of you. However, if the individual has little to no

knowledge about these different alternatives as well as which would be more suitable to them,

chances are, they would end up walking the wrong path.

C. The Necessity of the Program

As mentioned, what these counsellors provide is a systematic and objective help to clients

in reassuring them that they are to attain control over the directions and lengths that they want to

go to regarding their career plans. As stated by Blocher (1987) in the Professional Counsellor,

when individuals fail to cope with their needs in related to their vocational life and fail to

maintain satisfaction in their workplace, it becomes nearly impossible for them to sustain an

adequate level of self-esteem, independence, and overall the way they view themselves as human

beings in the society. Mostly, the causes of these career crises that people experience include the

challenges and obstacles they face that could profoundly affect their vocational roles, which

would be addressed and overcome by the use of career counselling.

It is incredibly significant to address vocational problems not only because it could

hinder one from enhancing their development and growth as a member of the society, but also

because it would limit them from contributing to the community/society. According to Blocher

(1987), “One of the central unifying forces sought in the quest for a better understanding of

career may be found in the individual’s need to obtain both personal meaning and a sense of

accomplishment and effectiveness in his or her career life.” Career Counselling addresses both

his or her personal issues whilst also shining light on the analysis of their client’s behaviour,

perspective, and personality in relation to their vocational life. The people of this expertise are
engaged in helping clients, not only with their career planning, but their life planning as they

help their clients grow, not as employees, but as individuals. They are mainly focused on finding

systematic patterns of cognitive growth that would certainly assure their client to have a sense of

closure and realisation regarding what they want to do with their lives and what kind of

workplace they want to be exposed to by the end of the program.

As mentioned by Gibson, Mitchell & Higgins (1987), humans have the greatest potential

for growth and development among all species. The realisation of humans’ limitless potential

and possibilities for growth are not measured by the individual alone, but is measured by the

many environmental variables and assistance in recognising, testing and developing one’s

potential. This is exactly what career counseling is for; to help us visualise and recognise how far

we can go with the potential that each of us have.

As mentioned above, for humankind to develop a realisation about their potential and

what they can do with it, they must be dependent on assistance in recognising this certain

potential. Career counselling shines light on one’s potential and determines it through the use of

different methods such as aptitude tests as well as different theories such as the Trait-Factor

Theory which interlinks one’s personality to a certain job’s requirements and description. As one

goes along with the program, they slowly learn their strengths and weaknesses, their learning

curves and techniques, and most especially, what they are capable of achieving. They learn all

these as the counsellor analyses their client’s behaviour, tests, aspirations, and etc. When one

comes out of this program, it is assured that they will be fully aware of their limitations and their

potential when it comes to career adaptations.

 Not only that, unemployment has once again become a widespread issue everywhere and

has become large enough to address the necessity of committing to a job whilst fulfilling job

satisfaction, according to Clear (2009). One of the factors that cause unemployment is frictional

unemployment, which means people move between jobs too much due to lack of information

about vocations. If most of the population, not only in the Philippines, but also around the world,

had engaged in career counselling programs, they would be more informed about the different

alternatives and the strategies to use to be able to make a wise and reasonable decision on what

we want to be waking up early for, for the rest of our lives.

D. Methods and Tools Used in the Program

Considering that the program started centuries ago, there have been many different

techniques, methods, and tools being used in the program. These programs continue to evolve

and develop as time goes by, shaping and transforming the entire program as the methods

change. These methods and tools are highly necessary to ensure the success and effectiveness of

the program; without these methods and strategies, the whole point of the program, which is to

use theories and tests to analyse an individual’s capacity to find a certain job fitting for them,

would be defeated.

Some techniques that career counselors use in order to make the program more effective

and have more progress include developing a therapeutic relationship; the program is most

successful when the counselor is able to form a meaningful and deep connection with their

clientele. A certain relationship is built when the counselors works to understand their client’s

interests, fear, and desires based on the relationship they established, and not based on aptitude
tests nor personality tests. Another technique is defining goals; it is when the career counselor

focuses their clients’ attention on what is most significant in their life in that moment; which is to

find a fulfilling work that would satisfy and complete them. Another technique is creating room

for self-exploration; they give their clients the opportunity to talk through the issues affecting

their career choices. Counselors give their clients the space to choose from many alternatives and

other options, even those that are not on the results of their vocational and aptitude tests,

according to Walden University.

Two significant tools that career counselors use include aptitude tests as well as

personality tests. Aptitude tests are quite similar to intelligence tests; it aims to measure one’s

abilities, strengths and weaknesses such as their verbal comprehension, general reasoning,

numerical operations, and etc. It measures one’s potential when it comes to their knowledge and

understanding of topics that would be related to certain jobs. On the other hand, personality tests

do not rely on one’s knowledge, instead, it relies on his/her behaviour and how she/he is as an

individual. The questions are related to aspects of your personality which may be related to the

workplace. Career counselors analyse these personality tests in order for them to find a fitting job

for their clients which would have the same characteristics and requirements as the client’s

personality test result indicates.

There are many other techniques, methods, and tools used in career counseling which

help shape the entire program and measures its effectiveness.

E. The Importance of Having a Fulfilling Career

 As stated in Human Development First Edition by Zanden (1978), job satisfaction means

capturing the significance of work and how it gives purpose and satisfaction to our lives. It is

necessary for us to be able to choose the career that we feel is suitable for us in order to achieve

job satisfaction in our lives, which plays a huge role in our development and growth as

individuals. According to Kohn and Schooler (1973), many studies have revealed that job

satisfaction is very related with the rare opportunity humans get to accept challenges and make

decisions that contribute well to our growth and the way we see ourselves in the work place.

Being able to capture the importance of having a fulfilling job shows us that there is a

path we are heading to, and that there is meaning in life. However, having a fulfilling job does

not only mean having a job that plays well; it also means having a job that you love doing. A job

that you are willing to wake up everyday for, and not despising it. It serves as your inspiration to

become a better person everyday. It serves as a reminder that you have gotten this far, and will

continue to still go places as long as you work hard.

As stated by Barker (2014), job satisfaction is currently at its lowest rate, considering that

more and more people seem to be focusing more on maintaining and craving a career that would

give them a luxurious life, instead of focusing on the career that makes them enjoy waking up

early in the morning, working extra hours, and having a mindset that it is worth sacrificing the

partying. Job satisfaction is one of the keys that would help human beings be fulfilled for the rest

of our lives, and never wondering if we chose the right decision to consider happiness over

luxury. Not only does it help fulfil our lives, it also tends to make our performance in the

workplace better as we are more confident in an environment wherein we feel comfortable and at

home.
 However, job satisfaction could never be achieved if one does not understand the

importance of choosing the right path. One of the first steps along one’s journey to maintain job

satisfaction is to know themselves well enough to know what the perfect path for his/her is. As

stated above, job satisfaction means enjoying every part of the job, no matter how challenging it

could be. One would not be able to enjoy him/herself in the workplace, if he/she does not belong

there in the first place. Career counselling contributes to one of the biggest decisions that could

shape our entire lives; making the choice of career. It helps each individual analyse his/her

strengths and weaknesses, learning curves, likes and dislikes, and such, which would lead each

person to the realisation of what kind of person he/she truly wants to be in the future. Once each

individual is able to gather enough knowledge about themselves and the most suitable job for

them through career counselling, only then will these individuals be able to achieve job

satisfaction.
 CHAPTER 3 : METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design

The researchers used the Descriptive Research Design. According to McCobes

(2019), this design aims to systematically describe a phenomenon. It becomes an

appropriate choice when the researchers intend to create a correlation or determine

characteristics. It typically answers questions such as, “What?” “When?” “Where?” and

“How?”, but never “Why?”. Different methods that are being applied in this type of

research design includes survey, observations and case studies.

The researchers used Descriptive Research Design mainly because the objective

of the research was to describe the entirety of the career counselling programs, and to

create a correlation between this program and students’ career choice. Another factor

which makes it a descriptive research design is that two of the research questions were

questioned with “How?”. Lastly, this study also made use of a survey as the data

gathering tool.

B. Research Setting

The research study was conducted in Colegio San Agustin Makati. The school has a

guidance office and does conduct career counselling whenever necessary. Having the

survey conducted in school would be convenient for the researchers since they are at the

perfect environment as an educational institution having a renowned guidance

department. Survey questionnaires were given out mid-September. The researchers had

gathered data from these respondents to be able to determine whether there is an impact
 between career counselling and a student’s career choice and if students view this method

in a positive way.

C. Research Participants

The researchers included 40 students of Batch 2019 - 2020. Ten from each strand (GAS,

ABM, HUMSS & STEM). These are the participants that the researchers had chosen,

mainly because now that they are in Senior High School with a strand that should be

related to their career choice, the researchers tried to understand if one of the factors that

solidified their career choice included career counselling.

D. Data Analysis Method

The researchers have appropriately and carefully chosen Descriptive Statistics as

the data analysis method of the study being conducted. As mentioned by Bhatia (2018),

this method helps the researchers summarise the results as well as to find patterns and

relations within the results. The researchers will be making use of percentages in order to

determine the accuracy and the absolute numbers of the results. It is also the most

convenient method considering that the sample is only limited to 40 respondents, as

Bhatia stated, this method is best used when the population is not considered to be a large

one. The results gathered in Chapter 4 will thoroughly describe the perspectives of these

students when it comes to one of the most valued programs in their school, as well as

their experiences which could be related to this certain program.

 Questionnaire :

Name : ______________

1. How many times do you visit the guidance for counselling every month?

A. 0

B. 1-3

C. 4-6

D. 7-9

E. More than 9 times

Who decides for your career choice?

A. Myself

B. Parents

C. Friends and peers

D. Teachers

E. Counsellors

What are the factors in helping decide to get career counselling?

A. Childhood fantasies

B. Culture

C. Personality type

D. Previous experiences

E. Gender

F. Life roles

G. Social and economic conditions

H. Peers

I. Parents

How did you become aware of career counselling?

A. Family

B. Advertisements

C. School

D. Social Media

E. Friends

F. Other _________

Career counselling is effective in deciding my career after the session.

1 2 3 4 5

Career counselling helped me explore other career options.

1 2 3 4 5

Career counselling helped me be ready with college application

1 2 3 4 5

Career counselling gave me adequate information about my career options.

1 2 3 4 5

Career counselling helped me clarify my goal setting.

1 2 3 4 5

Career cancelling helped me plan my career goals.

1 2 3 4 5
 CHAPTER IV : RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. How many times do you visit the guidance for counselling every month?

For this question, 10 students never visit the guidance for counselling, 15 visit 1-3 times a

month, only 3 people visit 4-6 times, 2 visiting 7-9 times and none of our respondents being

dependent enough on counselling to ever visit more than 9 times.

The data shown in the photo above implies that most of the researchers’ respondents only

visit 1-3 times a month. This gives the researchers the idea that majority of our respondents do

not take much interest in coming to the guidance for effective counselling, however, this does

not necessarily mean that they find it ineffective. The conclusion that the researchers were able

to draw from this data is that perhaps students tend to already get all the information and

guidance they need from the 1-3 times they visit the guidance, which is why they rarely find the

urge / need to come back anymore.

2. Who decides for your career choice?

 The biggest percentage from this question is the option “Myself”, while the second

percentage is parents. However, the two are still very far apart. Meanwhile, very few of the

researchers’ respondents voted for friends and peers, teachers, nor counsellors.

The result shown above implies that the career choice of an individual is heavily

influenced by their own interests, and nobody else’s. This proves that the teenagers in our youth

today are in control of their lives and are writing their own narratives about how they want their

life to turn out. Another detail about this data that is seen to be significant to the research study is

that only 2.22% of the respondents voted ‘Counselors’. This implies that most of them do not

perceive it as one of the top three factors that affect their career choices.

3. What are the factors in helping decide to get career counselling?

 The most voted answer includes both Personality Type and Previous Experiences, with

gender and culture being the least voted.

There are two options that had the exact same votes. The researchers are able to conclude

that one’s basis for choosing to get career counselling is solely revolved around him/herself. This

means that the factor that gives students the push they need in order to ask for help in the

guidance office regarding one of the most important choices they have to make in life includes

those who are purely sure about how he/she feels about it and how their past encounters with

counselor turned out. Furthermore, gender and culture being the least voted was as expected by

the researchers -- the researchers believe that these options seem to be old-fashioned. In our

society today, teenagers are encouraged to choose their career based on what they want and what

they feel is best for them -- discouraging other external factors such as culture and gender.

4. Career counselling is effective in deciding my career after the session.

 Majority of the respondents voted 2 and 3, with the exact same percentage, as shown

above. This clarifies that most of our respondents are either neutral about the effectiveness of

career counselling or are those believe that it only does so little to contribute to helping a student

make the choice that would truly shape his/her life.

Although the data above may be confusing, especially since it falls between the lines of

neutrality and ineffectiveness, one conclusion that the researchers may be able to draw, however,

is that most of the respondents barely see career counselling as a vital tool in decision-making.

5. Career counselling helped me explore other career options.

 As shown above, most of the respondents had voted “2”, which is considered to be a

negative scorc. This means that career counselling has barely helped them look closer into other

options that they may consider. However, less than half also feel neutral about this question.

Either way, the same conclusion is drawn, most of the respondents lack trust and reliability in the

career counselling program.

6. Career counselling helped me be ready with college applications

The divided responses on this question seem to be difficult to interpret -- both number 1

and 4 have the exact same percentage, however, these two numbers represent the opposite. Those

who voted on1 believe that career counselling has not contributed anything at all regarding the

preparation of college entrance exams and applications, while those who voted on 4 believe that

it was an important instrument that makes preparation for the future much easier.

7. Career counselling gave me adequate information about my career options

 The choice that most of the respondents had chosen is 1, which implies that most of the

researchers’ respondents are not satisfied with the inadequate information they had gotten about

the different career options they can explore as they were in that guidance office.

8. Career counselling helped me clarify my goal setting.

37% of the respondents feel neutral about the effectiveness of the program in clarifying

their goal setting. This may be because for some people, career counselling is not a perfect fit for

them and their personalities. This also may be because whilst these students were trying to
formulate a goal, they may have gotten out of that office more confused than ever, with all these

career options laid out in front of them. It truly is not a surprise to the researchers that the main

answer was neutral.

9. Career cancelling helped me plan my career goals.

Majority of the respondents who cooperated in this study consider their answer to be

neutral. The researchers drew a conclusion that career counselling plays a part in an individual’s

choice, but it is not necessarily a vital tool for their decision-making process. The second answer

that was most voted on by the respondents were both 1 and 2, which once again, is a negative

result. This implies that the respondents feel as if career counselling did not play a part in the

formulation of their goals at all.

 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. Summary

The researchers of this study wanted to take a closer look at career counselling

and every aspect surrounding the program. The researchers then decided to investigate

other theories and other studies related to career counselling in order to provide an

efficient research which was thoroughly investigated on. The researchers decided to

obtain 40 respondents in order to accomplish the data collection process and to be able to

come up with a conclusion and unbiased results.

The researchers then formulated a set of questions which can be highly relevant to

the study being conducted. These set of questions were then answered by the respondents

in an unbiased manner. After a few weeks of gathering the data needed in order to answer

the research questions and accomplish the research objectives, the researchers came to

realise that most of the respondents find career counselling to be unnecessary; something

that does not have a huge impact on their career choices.

B. Conclusion

Although the objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of career

counselling and its correlation to a student’s career path and how they perceive this

program, the results proved otherwise. The results shown above in Chapter IV shows that

most of the respondents perceive career counselling negatively. It shows that it did not

have much influence on their decision-making.

 C. Recommendation

For future researchers, they must gather a larger population for their research participants

in order to get more perspectives on this program. In addition, they must also explore other

aspects of the program such as its methods and tools and how these techniques affect the

reliability of the program.

Bibliography

Blocher, Donald H. (1987) The Professional Counselor. ​New York City, United States:

Macmillan Publishing Company.

Ca r e e r Co u n s e l i n g . ( n . d . ) . Re t r i e v e d J u l y 11 , 2 0 1 9 , f r om h t t p : / /

www.dreamweaversinstitute.com/career.htm

DMH Associates (2009) Literature Review of Research on the Impact of Careers

andGuidance-Related Interventions. Retrieved July 11, 2019, from https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/

soc/ier/ngrf/effectiveguidance/improvingpractice/curriculum

Education, M. (n.d.). What is Career Counselling? Definition and Importance. Retrieved

July 11, 2019, from ​https://www.mindler.com/career-counselling-meaning-benefitsimportance

Essay4Today.com. (n.d.). Which Factors Influence A Career Choice? Retrieved July 11,

2019, from ​https://essay4today.com/blog/what-influences-your-career-choice

Get Help. (n.d.). Retrieved July 11, 2019, from

https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-abouttherapy/ issues/career-counseling
 Gibson, Robert L., Mitchell, Marianne H. (1996) ​Development and Management of

​ ew York City, United States: Macmillan

Counseling Programs and Guidance Services. N

Publishing Company.

Longwood University. (n.d.). Why choosing a career path is so hard. Retrieved July 11,

2019, from http://www.longwood.edu/career/articles/2017/why-choosing-a-career-pathis-

so-hard/

Marland, Sidney P. (2009) ​Essays on Career Education.​ Portland, Oregon: Northwest

Regional Educational Laboratory

Peterson, Vincent J., Nisenholz, Bernard F. (1987) ​Orientation to Counseling.​ Sydney,

Australia : Allyn and Bacon, Inc.

Psychology. (n.d.). Retrieved July 11, 2019, from https://psychology.iresearchnet.com/

counseling-psychology/career-counseling/history-of-career-counseling/

Shimomura, H. (2018). Is Career Counselling Effective? Retrieved July 11, 2019, from

https://www.jil.go.jp/english/jli/documents/2018/004_03.pdf
 Vander Zanden, James W. (1978) ​Human Development. New York City, United States :

Alfred A. Knop