Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
One hundred and forty years ago, on January 20, 1872, about 200
Filipino military personnel of Fort San Felipe Arsenal in Cavite,
Philippines, staged a mutiny which in a way led to the Philippine
Revolution in 1896. The 1872 Cavite Mutiny was precipitated by the
removal of long-standing personal benefits to the workers such as tax
(tribute) and forced labor exemptions on order from the Governor
General Rafael de Izquierdo.
The mutineers were led by Sgt. Fernando La Madrid; they seized the
Fort and killed the Spanish officers. Fearing a general uprising, the
Spanish government in Manila sent a regiment under General Felipe
Ginoves to recover the Fort. The besieged mutiny was quelled, and
many mutineers including Sgt. La Madrid were killed. Later, others
were sentenced to death or hard labor.
Father Zamora, 37, was also Spanish, born in the Philippines. He was
the parish priest of Marikina and was known to be unfriendly to and
would not countenance any arrogance or authoritative behavior from
Spaniards coming from Spain. He once snubbed a Spanish governor
who came to visit Marikina.
The three priests were stripped of their albs, and with chained hands
and feet were brought to their cells after their sentence. They
received numerous visits from folks coming from Cavite, Bulacan, and
elsewhere. Forty thousand Filipinos came to Luneta to witness and
quietly condemn the execution, and Gomburza became a rallying
catchword for the down-trodden Filipinos seeking justice and freedom
from Spain.
In the dedication page of his second book, El Filibusterismo, published
in 1891, Dr. Jose Rizal wrote, “I dedicate my work to you as victims of
the evil which I undertake to combat…”
https://filipinojournal.com/the-1872-cavite-mutiny
https://filipinojournal.com/the-1872-cavite-mutiny
cavitecity.gov.ph/index.php/about-lgu/historical-background
CONTEXT OF CAVITE MUNITY
Maybe they are not important enough, or maybe our teachers did not
want to clutter our minds with more useless information, but the
military court that tried the case punished more than Gomburza. On
Jan. 26, 1872, the military court sentenced 41 mutineers to death. The
next day, however, the governor pardoned 28 and confirmed the
sentence of 13. Their names are not in our textbooks.
I have to do more research to find out why and how some people were
sentenced to death and others to imprisonment or exile, and why the
three priests and Zaldua were sentenced to death by garrote while six
soldiers were dispatched by a firing squad. From the sentences
imposed, it is clear that what followed the Cavite Mutiny was a period
best described by historian O.D. Corpuz as the “Terror of 1872”—a wave
of arrest, execution, imprisonment and exile that silenced a whole
generation but influenced young boys at the time, like Rizal, Bonifacio,
Mabini, Aguinaldo, etc. to become the heroes in our pantheon.
Last but not least were the people sentenced by the military court to
exile in the Marianas (Guam): Fr. Pedro Dandan, Fr. Mariano Sevilla,
Toribio H. del Pilar (brother of Marcelo H. del Pilar), Agustin Mendoza,
Jose Guevara, Miguel Lasa, Justo Guazon, Fr. Aniceto Desiderio, Fr.
Vicente del Rosario, Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, Antonio Ma. Regidor,
Jose Basa y Enriquez, Mauricio de Leon, Pedro Carillo, Gervasio
Sanchez, Jose Ma. Basa, Pio Basa, Balvino Mauricio, Maximo Paterno
(father of Pedro Paterno), and Valentin Tosca. All these names are in
some books but they are largely forgotten in a story that focuses only
on Gomburza. Rizal dedicated his second novel, “El Filibusterismo”
(Ghent, 1891), to Gomburza. In his doing so, the rest of the people
implicated in the events of 1872 were lost to textbook history.