THE RELATIONSHIP bullying PARENTING AND

BEHAVIOR IN Adolescents
Ariyanti Saleh1, Hapsah2Wiwik Krisnawati3,
1Dean in Bachelor of Nursing Study Program, Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin
University
2Lecturer in Bachelor of Nursing Study Program, Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin

University
3Nursing Science Study Program Students, Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin

University
E-mail: ariyanti.saleh@gmail.com1ztr.wiwialfath@gmail.com3

ABSTRACT
background: Bullying behavior is a phenomenon roomates its cases continue grow
up rapidly in every year, even bullying Often take place in shools and it do by the
students. Parenting have an important role in adolescent involvement in bullying.
Objective: This study aims to Determine the relationship between parenting and
bullying behavior in adolescents at school, Method: The research design was
quantitative with a cross sectional approach with a sample of 261 students selected
with stratified random sampling and systematic random sampling. Data was
collected using a questionnaire.The instrument that used isParenting Style and
Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and Adolescents Peer Relations Instrument
(APRI), The datas were analysed by parametric statistical difference with Chi Square
test technique. Results: The results of the study indicated resources that parenting is
Significantly related to bullying behavior in adolescents at school (p = 0.0001).
Conclusions & Suggestions:Authoritarian parenting is related with bullying
behavior as bullies. Permissive parenting is related with bullying behavior as the
victim. Expected to Increase knowledge by various parties to parents so that they can
apply effective parenting to adolescents to Prevent and deal with bullying behavior in
adolescents at school.
Keywords: Parenting, Bullying Behavior

1
PRELIMINARY
Adolescence (Adolescence) is
the transition from children to
adulthood when the change in the
physical, emotional, and mental. Teen
age limit according to the World
Health Organization (WHO) is 12 to 24
years. Teens are not children who do
not know anything, but they are also
not adults who can distinguish
between good and bad. Emotional
changes that occur in adolescence is
marked by a high emotional tension,
especially in the early teens can lead
teens to experience anxiety, distress
and emotional discomfort. This will
cause issues, such as education, drug
use, aggressive behavior and
delinquency(Susanto, 2018),
One of aggressive behavior that
often occurs in teens is bullying.
Bullying is a phenomenon that case
continuously increased every year,
even bullying often occurs in schools
and by adults. Data from the United
Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
said that by 2018 some 150 million
13-15 year-old junior high school
students around the world to
experience violent school
environment(Sidik, 2018), Smith
(2016) said that in the period from
mid-teens especially after puberty is
the peak for teenagers to do with
bullying behavior.
Results of research conducted
by Erika, Earth, and Artist (2017)that
more than 90% of students doing the
bullying behavior in schools where
physical bullying is bullying that most
people do, then verbal bullying,
psychosocial and cyberbullying. The
same study also conducted
byShaheen et al. (2017) that physical
bullying was the most frequent form
of bullying or commonly performed by
teenagers in school.
Bullying behavior has a serious
negative impact and lifetime for both
perpetrators and victims who feel
physically and psychologically.
Bullying is done teenagers in school
can reduce the level of attendance and
achievement at school(Grinshteyn &
Yang, 2017; Oliveira et al., 2017),
The results of the same
research also by Horner et al. (2015)
and Sartana & Afriyeni (2017)that
bullying / cyberbulling can cause a
person's emotions such as anger,
sadness, shame, fear, loss of
confidence in others, and can not
concentrate on learning. While the
long-term effects by comparing the
behavior of perpetrators and victims
of bullying is bullying / cyberbullying
have the competence or social skills,
moral and emotional low so hard to
blend in with the surroundings,
ostracized by society and insensitivity
to justice(Bondü, Rothmund, &
Gollwitzer, 2016; Gómez-ortiz,
Romera-Felix & Ortega-ruiz, 2017;
Joseph & Haslinda, 2018; Zych et al.,
2018),
Joseph & Haslinda
(2018)mention that one of the factors
of external causes of bullying are
parenting parents. Parents who apply
authoritarian upbringing
characterized by excessive control, the
practice of rude old people like to use
corporal punishment as a form of
discipline, lack of affection and
communication and humor that bad
in adolescents increases the risk of
involvement in bullying behavior and
the inability of young people in
socializing with environment so that it
becomes a victim of bullying(Gómez-
ortiz et al., 2015; Samper-García et
al., 2015; Govender & Young, 2018;
Martínez et al., 2019),
Research conducted by Gomez-
Ortiz et al. (2019) that authoritarian
parents significantly influence
adolescent involvement in bullying /
cyberbullying either as victims or
perpetrators. Charalampous et al.
(2018)also said in his research that
authoritarian and permissive
parenting parents can increase the
risk of juvenile involvement with
bullying / cyberbullying in early
2
adolescence. so thatZurcher et al. parenting and Adolescents Peer
(2018) said that parents' parenting Relationship Instrument (APRI) to
during early adolescence is very determine the bullying behavior.
important because it can influence the The Parenting Styles and
attitudes and behavior of adolescents Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ)
to involvement in bullying / made by Robinson et al. (2001), This
cyberbullying. instrument has been translated and
From the description above used by previous
illustrates that bullying behaviors researchers(Princess, 2018), Has been
occur among students and to tested for validity and reliability with
increase, especially in the early teens the validity (r 0.567 to 0.866) and the
after puberty. Bullying behavior can value of reliability (Cronbach's Alpha
be caused by parents' parenting. The .757) so that the questionnaire is
survey also found that according to a feasible for use in research.
report from BK teacher that bullying Adolescent Peer Relations
behavior is common among students. Instrument Instrument (APRI), was
Therefore, researchers wanted to developed by Parada in 2000. This
know the relationship between instrument into a reliable and valid
parenting parents with bullying scale for the measurement of bullying
behavior at school in adolescence. behavior in adolescents that have
been translated by Daughter in 2018,
METHOD Has been tested for validity and
Place and method reliability with the validity (r .475 to
This research was conducted at .851) and the value of reliability
SMPN 12 Makassar in April 2019. The (Cronbach's Alpha .749).
research method used in this study is Data analysis
a quantitative non-experimental with The data were processed using
cross sectional approach. Cross Excel and SPSS for Windows. To
sectional study design is a type of determine the relationship between
study that emphasizes the parenting parents with bullying used
measurement time, where the univariate and bivariate analysis
dependent and independent variables using Chi Square.
assessed only once and is not
accompanied by follow-up(Nursalam, RESULTS
2017), Parenting Parents
Population and Sample table 1
The population in this study Frequency Distribution Parenting Parents
were students of class VII and VIII Category Parenting amount (%)
amounts to 763 students. A sample of
authoritative 140 53.6
261 students drawn using stratified
random sampling technique sampling 28.4
Authoritarian 74
where the sample selection is done by
classifying the population into sub- permissive 47 18
sub-population and then sample
selected by systematic random Total 261 100
sampling.
Method of collecting data Table 1 shows the type of
The data collection conducted parenting parents to students. Type
by researchers using questionnaires. authoritative parenting is the most
The questionnaire used is Parenting accepted by students. More than half
Style and Dimensions Questionnaire as many as 140 students (53.6%)
(PSDQ) to identify patterns of received authoritative parenting.
3
Bullying behavior Total 261 100
table 2
Frequency Distribution Bullying Behavior
Categories Bullying (%) Table 2 shows the behavior of
amount
Behavior student bullying. Students are much
performer 45 17.2 more involved in bullying as a
perpetrator and a victim. More than
Victim 46 17.6 half are 139 students (53.3%) were
Perpetrators and
involved in bullying as a perpetrator
139 53.3
Victims and a victim.
Not Perpetrators and 11.9
31
Victims
Bivariate analysis
table 3
Cross distribution Parenting With Bullying Behavior
Bullying behavior
Not
Perpetrato
Perpetrato Total The p-value
Parenting performer Victim rs &
rs &
Victims
Victims
n % n % n % N % n %
authoritati
2 1.4 10 7.1 97 69.3 31 22.1 140 100
ve
Authoritar 58. 0.0001
43 3 4.1 28 37.8 0 0 74 100
ian 1
permissive 1 2.1 32 68.1 14 29.8 0 0 47 100
α = 0.05

12 Makassar obtained the data that

Table 3 shows that parenting
was significantly related to bullying
behavior in adolescents in school (p =
0.0001). Respondents who earn more
authoritarian parenting involved in
bullying as a perpetrator, while
respondents who earn more
permissive parenting involved in
bullying as victims. Teenagers who get
authoritative parenting parents more
involved and not involved in bullying
as a perpetrator and a victim rather
than teens who received authoritarian
and permissive parenting.
DISCUSSION
Bullying behavior
Bullying is aggressive behavior
committed by juveniles as a form of
incompetence in socialization with
their peers, be repeated and because
of the imbalance of power. Lot
happening bullying behavior among
adolescents and performed by
students at the school. In SMP Negeri
many adolescents involved in
bullying, either as perpetrators, as
victims and as perpetrators and
victims.
The results showed the data
that adolescents who engage in
bullying behaviors more of a role as
perpetrators and victims. Results of
analysis that adolescents may act as
bullies and become victims of
bullying. Teens consider that bullying
is the way they socialize with friends.
Initially reason actors do with a view
to a joke, but the victim assumes no
joke, embarrass and hurt so that
victims respond with the same thing
maybe even more than they receive so
that the victim is also the perpetrator.
Research conducted by Erika et
al., (2017)saying that most of
adolescents involved in bullying as a
perpetrator and a victim. Results of
analysis of researchers that bullying
is a cycle that is difficult to overcome
if there is no awareness about the
4
dangers and consequences of bullying
whether it be physical, psychological
and social. This reinforces the notion
KPAI that cases of bullying in schools
is difficult to handle because the
perpetrators could become victims
and vice versa victims can become
perpetrators.
The results also showed that
teens engage in bullying behavior in
schools as a principal. The perpetrator
or bully is someone who has the
desire and actively involved in
bullying behavior. The perpetrator
usually has more power or force to
suppress the victim, lack of empathy
and regard their aggressive action is a
way to socialize with their peers. As
said byHertinjung & Karyani (2015)
and Smith (2016) that the offender
lacks attention and empathy for
others, tend to regulate and control
the environment, and less able to
control the emotions.
Teens who are victims of
bullying are also obtained in this
study. Victims are the target actors in
bullying behavior. Usually the victim
is less popular, lack of friends, and
weak and unable to defend
themselves, if it becomes the target of
bullying.
There are various types of
bullying committed by juveniles at
school such as physical bullying,
verbal bullying and social bullying.
The results showed that the most
frequent type of bullying and is most
common among young people in
schools is verbal bullying, either as
perpetrators or as victims. Verbal
bullying is bullying that is directly as
insulting, calling with nicknames.
This is consistent with past studies
that say that verbal bullying is
bullying the most common and most
often performed by students(Atik &
Guneri, 2013; Hermalinda et al.,
2017),
By sex, verbal bullying is most
common among female students
either as perpetrators or victims than
male students. In line with research
conducted byPrawitasari, Widianti,
and Fitria (2017)that verbal bullying
is more common in female students.
Female students to do more verbal
bullying by making a joke about a
student. Make a joke about a student
who conducted the perpetrator could
have been just a joke, but not all
young people have the power to accept
ridicule.Soul (2008) said that many of
the teenagers who have sensitive and
delicate feelings and is unable to
accept the teasing from peers.
bullyingThe most commonly
experienced verbal receive if the victim
was teased by other students.
Researchers assume that verbal
bullying victim received with ridicule
may cause the victim suffered
psychological disturbances such as
embarrassment, anxiety, and distress.
As expressed bySartana & Afriyeni
(2017), Bullying on victims can lead to
psychological problems such as anger,
shame, sadness, fear, anxiety, can not
concentrate and do not go to school.
Other types of bullying such as
physical and social well occur among
students in the school. Physical
bullying most often committed by the
perpetrator is hitting a student.
Results of analysis of researchers that
physical bullying committed by the
perpetrator as an attempt to show the
strength and power of the perpetrator
to the victim weaker. While physical
bullying the most widely accepted by
the victim is driven by students.
Victims feel that he is weak so that
victims feel that the bullying he
received indeed she deserved, felt that
she did not have the strength to
defend themselves. By sex, physical
bullying is mostly done by female
students than male
students.(Hertinjung & Karyani, 2015;
Smith, 2016),
bullying Social occur among
students is most often done by the
perpetrators is to make other students
ignore a student. While social bullying
5
is most often received by the victim is
ignored by students. It is the same as
the results of research conducted
byPrawitasari et al. (2017)that social
or psychological bullying is most
common is to ignore or isolate.
Excommunicate is social bullying can
cause a person has no friends.
Results of analysis of researchers that
social bullying is done by actors in an
effort to gain popularity among peers.
Victims of social bullying usually do
not have a close friend or behave in
unconventional peers so neglected by
their peers. By sex, social bullying is
mostly done by women students than
men, in line with the words ofSmith
(2016) that women are much more
involved in relational bullying or social
bullying.
Parenting parents relationship with
bullying behavior
Pattern foster parent is one of
the causes of the bullying behavior in
adolescents. Results showed
statistically using Chi-square test
found no significant relationship
between parenting with bullying
behavior. Parenting parents will shape
the attitudes and behavior of
adolescent personality that affect
young people in environmental and
socialize with peers. This is similar to
the research conducted
by(Charalampous et al., 2018;
Ramadia & Daughter, 2019) that
parenting parents is significantly
associated with adolescent behavior
and involvement in bullying.
Adolescents involved in bullying
as a perpetrator has gained more
authoritarian upbringing.
Authoritarian parenting parents are
characterized by the use of physical
punishment in the discipline,
exposure to violence from parents,
verbal hostility, would form teenager
aggressive behavior towards their
peers. Authoritarian parenting
byBaumrind (2013) Has a high control
but less responding to the needs of
children where the discipline by using
punishment and coercion, restricting
the freedom of children and expect
children to obey rules and orders
them without negotiating and asking.
so thatGovender & Young (2018) in
his research said that the
authoritarian parenting parents are
mostly found on bullying.
The results showed that the
treatment of parents are included in
the most authoritarian parenting was
berating and criticizing the child to be
better. This can cause a teenager to
engage in bullying behavior, which
mimics juvenile treatment of the
elderly at home so do the bullying
behavior to peers. The use of physical
coercion and verbal and rough
practice of parents on authoritarian
parenting byMartínez et al. (2019)
cause children are often exposed to
violence to believe that violence is a
good choice to interact with others.
The pattern of authoritarian
parenting teens can establish a more
aggressive personality in the
environment and socialize with peers.
Teens become less of a concern for
others, tend to be set up and
controlled environment, is not
concerned with the applicable rules,
are less able to control the emotions
that are more aggressive and engaged
in bullying behavior(Hertinjung &
Karyani, 2015),
Based on the results of the
study showed that the adolescents
involved in bullying as victims obtain
more permissive parenting.
Charalampous et al. (2018)in his
research said that victims of bullying
are generally more associated with
permissive parenting parents. By
permissive parentsCerezo et al. (2015)
and Zurcher et al. (2018) do not allow
their children to socialize with other
people (overprotection) so that
children are more dependent on their
parents and they can not defend
themselves when being bullied.
Victims of bullying can also be
caused by the individual character
6
which, according to Soul (2008) positive socialization, have high self-
victims felt weak, felt that bullying he esteem, are able to develop their
received deserved to be accepted, to potential so as to socialize with their
feel ugly, stupid, or is not popular. peers and do not engage in bullying
Hertinjung & Karyani, (2015)in his behavior.
research said that the victim is more
quiet, shy, often solitary, difficult to
adapt to the environment so as to CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
have a little friend. The individual It can be concluded that
characters can be formed on the parents' parenting was significantly
pattern of permissive parenting where related to bullying behavior in
parents do not let their children adolescents in school. Authoritarian
develop social skills for relating to parenting parents dealing with
others(Baumrind, 2013) bullying behavior of students as
The results showed that the actors, while permissive parenting
treatment of parents are included in parents related to student bullying
the most permissive parenting is the behavior as a victim. Expected to be a
parents threatened to punish but not source of information and knowledge
actually doing it. This is according for the various parties so that parents
toSurbakti (2009)cause adolescents can implement effective parenting of
will develop the personality and adolescents to prevent and deal with
emotional chaos. Teens act as they bullying behavior in adolescents in
pleased, have a low level of school.
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