PHYSICS EXPERIMENT REPORT II

‘CAPACITY OF TYPES OF SOLID SUBSTANC’

Arranged by:
NAME : ASTRID MAULANI RUNTUKAHU
NIM : 19101105007
DEPARTMENT : PHARMACY
GROUP/CLASS : III (Three)/A

Date:
ACC:

___________________
Lecturer / Assistant Lecturer

PHYSICS LABORATORY
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE
SAM RATULANGI UNIVERSITY
MANADO
2019
 CAPACITY OF TYPES OF SOLID SUBSTANC

A. Aim
1. Students are able to explain the relationship between theory and practice about the use
of the principle of black to calculate the heat of solids.
2. Students are able to explain the working principle of a calorimeter.
3. Students are able to calculate the heat of a solid.
4. Students are able to calculate the calorimeter water value and the ratio between (T-T1)
to (T2-T) and T is room temperature

B. Equipment Required

1. Ohaus Balance Sheet

2. Calorimeter / glass flask
3. Thermometer
4. Steam vessels

C. Introduction

Heat is the energy that is transferred because it is high to a low temperature object, is the
energy that is transferred from a hot object to a cold object, then heat is the energy that is
transferred from one object to another due to temperature differences (Tipler, 1991).

When heat energy is added to a substance, the temperature of the substance usually rises.
The amount of heat energy Q needed to increase the temperature of a substance is proportional
to the change in temperature and mass of that substance (Q = CT = mc T) where C is the heat
capacity of the substance, which is defined as the thermal energy needed to raise the temperature
of a substance by one degree . Type C heat is the heat capacity of mass unity (Tipler, 1991).

A calorimeter is a device for measuring the specific heat of a substance. One form of
calorimeter is a mixed calorimeter. This calorimeter consists of a metal vessel of known type.
These vessels are usually placed in other vessels which are somewhat larger. The two vessels
are separated by insulating material such as cork or wool. The purpose of the outer vessel is as
an insulator so as to exchange heat with the surroundings
 calorimeter can be reduced. The calorimeter is also equipped with a stirring rod. When the
substance is mixed in the calorimeter, the water in the calorimeter needs to be stirred so that the
temperature is obtained evenly as a result of mixing two substances with different temperatures.
The principle of using the calorimeter is the black principle. Every two or more objects with
different temperatures are mixed, the higher temperature object will release its heat, while the
lower temperature object will absorb the heat until it reaches a balance that is the same
temperature. The release and absorption of this heat must be balanced. The heat released is the
same as the heat absorbed so that the energy conservation law applies. In a closed system, the
conservation of heat energy (heat) can be written as follows:

QONTAR = Q ACCEPT

With Q = m. c. ∆t

The calorimeter is calibrated using an electric heater which is known the amount of heat
energy with the mass of certain substances so that it can calculate the temperature that rises.
The calibration factor formula is: calibration factor = energy released / temperature rise = (V ×
i × t) / temperature rise. Commonly used calorimeters are simple calorimeters and bomb
calorimeters (Syarifudin, 2010).

From Dulong-Petit's law, the relationship between atomic weight and heat energy is
obtained, especially for metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, and Sn. Dulong and Petit stated that the
amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 mole of an element by 1 is equal to
26.3 Joules (Teaching Staff for Physical Chemistry I, 2013).

When two objects with different temperatures are combined, a heat transfer will occur from
an object with a higher temperature to an object with a lower temperature. According to the
Black principle, the amount of heat released by a higher temperature object to a lower
temperature object is equal to the amount of heat absorbed by a lower temperature object than
the higher temperature object. Qi with; Qi: the amount of heat released by objects with higher
temperature Qo: the amount of heat received by objects with lower temperature. If the heat
absorbed or released by an object only causes changes in the temperature of the object, then the
amount of heat is Q = m.c.∆t with: Q = the amount of heat (calories)

m = mass of body (grams) c = specific heat (calories / gr. oC) ∆t = temperature change (oC)
If the heat absorbed or released by an object only causes changes in the shape of the object,
then the amount of heat is Q = m . Ldengan L (calories / gram) is the latent heat of change in
 fluida (T1) maka benda tersebut akan melepaskan kalor dan seterusnya diserap oleh fuida,
dan form. By using a calorimeter that is sought in advance the heat capacity, in this experiment
will be determined the heat type of solids and melting ice.

If an object is immersed in a fluid that has a lower temperature than at any time it will reach
a state of equilibrium (the temperature of the T2 fluid). The amount of heat released by the
object must be the same as the amount of heat absorbed by the fluid (Azas Black).

In this experiment the object whose type of heat is measured is first heated in a steam vessel.
Thus in this condition it can be assumed that the temperature of the object is the same as the
temperature of the water in the steam vessel. It is important to remember that the water point
depends on the air pressure at that time, so before making a measurement it is first noted the air
pressure then determine the boiling point of the water according to the table.

According to the principle of heat, the heat received by water is the same as the heat given
by the object that was heated earlier. In such circumstances it can be stated into equality as
follows:

MbCb(Tb-T2) = (MaCa+H)(T2-T1)

With: Mb = mass of matter

Ma = mass of water

Cb = heat type of object

H = calorimeter water value

Ca = hot water type = 1 cal / gramoC

Tb = initial object temperature

T1 = initial water temperature

T2 = equilibrium temperature
D. Procedure

Method 1

1. Preheat the steam vessel

2. Weigh the object to be collected its type heat (Mb)
3. Add enough water to the calorimeter then weigh the mass (Ma)
4. Record the temperature of the air / calorimeter (T1)
5. The object that is heated in a steam vessel (Tb), is transferred to the lcalorimeter then
stirred until equilibrium occurs
6. Record the equilibrium temperature (T2)
7. Repeat for other objects

Method 2

1. Weigh the object to be searched for its type capacity (Mb)

2. Insert the object into the vessel, then heat it to a temperature (90oC) (Tb)
3. Put enough water into the calorimeter weigh and measure the temperature (Ma and T1)
4. Move the heated object into the calorimeter then stir (30 seconds), measure the final
temperature (T2)
5. Repeat procedures 1 to 4 for the same object 2 to 3 times
6. Perform procedures 1 to 5 for other objects

E. Result
F. Analysis

Data Ma (Kg) Mb (Kg) T1 (°C) Tb (°C) T2 (°C) Keterangan

1 0,1297 0,0448 32 98 34 Besi
2 0,1295 0,0448 34 98 36 Besi
3 0,1282 0,0448 36 98 38 Besi
4 0,128 0,0448 38 98 40 Besi
5 0,1279 0,0448 40 98 40 Besi
6 0,1272 0,0452 40 98 42 Tembaga
7 0,1267 0,0452 42 98 44 Tembaga
8 0,1264 0,0452 44 98 46 Tembaga
9 0,1259 0,0452 46 98 48 Tembaga
10 0,1255 0,0452 48 98 50 Tembaga

Pada data diatas dapat adalah hasil percobaan pada bahan air, tembaga, dan besi. Dalam
percobaan, air pada bejana dipanaskan hingga 98oC dengan percobaan pertama menggunakan
bahan besi dengan berat 0,0448 kg. air yang berada di dalam kalorimeter atau suhu T1 tidak
ditutup sehinggan mengalami kebocoran atau air menguap yang menyebebkan suhunya
menurun.
Teori Azas Black yang menyebutkan bahwa “jumlah kalor yang dilepaskan oleh benda
harus sama dengan jumlah kalor yang diserap oleh fluida”. Pada percobaan ini kalor yang
dilepaskan oleh benda sama dengan yang diserap.

D. Conclusion
Kesimpulannya penggunaan azas black untuk menghitung panas jenis zat padat sesuai
dengan hasil percobaan. Dan untuk cara kerja kalorimeter seharusnya tidak ada kebocoran atau
harus ditutup agar selisih temperatur kamar T sama dengan T1(T-T1).
E. References

Tipler, 1991.fisika dasar

Concepts of Physics. New Delhi: Bharati Bhawan Suoth, Verna, dkk. 2019. Modul
Praktikum Fisika Dasar. Manado: 2019

Irma rahmah.2019.laporan fisika.ebook

Teaching Staff for Physical Chemistry I, 2013