Let’s Solve Some Questions for

Prelims 2020

Video Number: #6
Achieve IAS
1. Consider the following statements.
1. Gandhi considered Gokhale as his political mentor.
2. Gandhi did not support Gokhale’s belief in Western political institutions.
3. Gandhi was a member of Servants of India society found by Gokhale.
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1 only
1. Solution: a)
Explanation & Learning: In his autobiography, Gandhi calls Gokhale his mentor and
guide.
In 1912, Gokhale visited South Africa at Gandhi's invitation. As a young barrister,
Gandhi returned from his struggles against the Empire in South Africa and received
personal guidance from Gokhale, including a knowledge and understanding of India
and the issues confronting common Indians.
Despite his deep respect for Gokhale, however, Gandhi would reject Gokhale's faith
in western institutions as a means of achieving political reform and ultimately chose
not to become a member of Gokhale's Servants of India Society.
The Servants of India Society was formed in Pune, Maharashtra, in 1905 by Gopal
Krishna Gokhale. The Society organized many campaigns to promote education,
sanitation, health care and fight the social evils of untouchability and discrimination,
alcoholism, poverty, oppression of women and domestic abuse. The publication of
The Hitavada, the organ of the Society in English from Nagpur commenced in 1911.
2. In 1893, the split in Arya Samaj happened on the issue of
a) Converting people from other faiths to Hinduism.
b) Vedic sanctity of widow remarriage and its social status.
c) Medium of promotion of Arya Samaj’s ideas
d) None of the above
Solution: d)
Explanation: The Samaj split into two in Punjab after 1893 on the question of
eating meat. The group that refrained from meat was called the Mahatma group
and the one favoring consumption of meat as the "Cultured Party".
Learning: Arya Samaj is a religious reform movement founded by Swami
Dayananda in 1875. He promoted the Vedas. Dayananda emphasised the ideals of
brahmacharya (chastity) for priests. Dayanand died in 1883. Arya Samaj grew after
his death mainly in Punjab.
3. The “Indigo or Blue rebellion” 1859 was caused due to
a) Harsh agri-economic conditions under which Indigo cultivators were put by the
British planters
b) Collapse of international prices of Indigo which resulted in large scale farmer
suicides
c) Indigo cultivators not receiving any loan and support from British planters
d) Acquisition of cultivable Indigo land by British industrial projects
Solution: a)
• Explanation & Learning: Indigo planting started in Bengal as early as 1777. It was first
planted by one British Louis Bonard.
• When the British Power expanded, the Indigo planting was emphasized because of a
high demand of the Blue Dye in Europe.
• The peasants were compelled to plant Indigo rather than the food Crops.
• The peasants were provided loans called “dadon” for indigo planting which was at a
very high interest rate.
• Indigo farmers received very low returns for their crops.
• The land under Indigo degraded the land for cultivation of any further crop.
• The contract conditions under which Indigo planters kept the cultivators were harsh.
• The loan made the people indebted and resulted in a rebellion.
4. The demand for a Constituent Assembly was first made
a) by the Indian national Congress in 1934
b) at Karachi Session of the Indian National Congress
c) after the Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
d) after the Simon Commission reached India
Solution: a)
Explanation: MN Roy had put forth the idea of a Constituent assembly of India in
1934. Later the INC demanded it. So, option (a) is correct. You can eliminate
Karachi Session, non-cooperation movement and Simon Commission, as they all
happened before the demand for a CA was made by INC.
Learning: During the Second World War, this assertion for an independent
Constituent Assembly formed only of Indians gained momentum and this was
convened in December 1946. Between December 1946 and November 1949, the
Constituent Assembly drafted a constitution for independent India.
5. Which of the following were the causes behind the launch of ‘Noncooperation
movement’?
1. “Punjab wrongs” of 1919
2. Khilafat wrong
3. Resentment with Rowlatt Act
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) All of the above
Solution: d)
Explanation & Learning: In 1919 Gandhiji gave a call for a satyagraha against the
Rowlatt Act that the British had just passed. The Act curbed fundamental rights
such as the freedom of expression and strengthened police powers.
• In April 1919 there were a number of demonstrations and hartals in the country and the government
used brutal measures to suppress them. The Jallianwala Bagh atrocities, inflicted by General Dyer in
Amritsar on Baisakhi day were a part of this repression.
• The Khilafat issue was another such cause. In 1920 the British imposed a harsh treaty on the Turkish
Sultan or Khalifa. People were furious about this as they had been about the Jallianwala massacre. Also,
Indian Muslims were keen that the Khalifa be allowed to retain control over Muslim sacred places in the
erstwhile Ottoman Empire.
• The leaders of the Khilafat agitation, Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, wished to initiate a full-fledged
Non-Cooperation Movement. Gandhiji supported their call and urged the Congress to campaign
against “Punjab wrongs” (Jallianwala massacre), the Khilafat wrong and demand swaraj.
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