SOIL PROPERTIES

Angle of internal friction ( f ) = 35.000 Degree

Angle of wall friction ( d ) = 11.667 Degree
Slope of wall with respect to vertic = 0.000 Degree
Slope of earth fill ( i ) = 0.000 Degree
Horizontal seismic coeff. = 0.18
Vertical seismic coeff. = 0.09
Cofficient of active earth pressure = 0.251
CALCULATION OF Ka
Value Of DEGREE RADIAN
f = 35.000 0.6
d = 11.7 0.2
a = 0.000 0
i = 0.000 0
av = 0.09 0.09
ah = 0.18 0.18
l1 = 9.377 0.164
l2 = 11.189 0.195
Ka= cos2( f-a )
cos2a x cos(a-d )x[1+{sin(f+d)xsin(f-i)/cos(a+d)xcos(a-i)}1/2]2

0.6710101 0.9793406 2.7313872

Ka= 0.251

Cofficient of static earth pressure 'Ks'

Ks= (1-sinφ) = 0.426

MAIN GEOMETRY OF SINGLE CELL BOX

Clear length of cell of box = 10 m
Clear height of box = 4 m
Thickness of left vertical wall = 0.6 m
Thickness of right vertical wall = 0.6 m
Thickness of top slab = 0.6 m
Thickness of bottom slab = 0.6 m
Height of fill = 0 m
Barrel length = 10 m
 G.L

0.6 m

10 m
0.6 0.6

4 m

0.6 m

GEOMETRY OF BOX FOR STAAD PROG.

Length of cell of box = 10.6 m
Height of box = 4.6 m
G.L
0.3 m

2 2 3 Red Nodes
Blue Members
4.6 m

1 3

1 4

10.6 m
NOTE:- Provide springs in the base as
1. At corners
2. At the pts of faces of walls.
3. Distance between remaining nodes = 0.5 m

Therefore, number of springs = 23

CALCULATION OF SPRING CONSTANTS

S.B.C for design = 20 Mt/m2

Assume settlement below foundation = 25 mm
Therefore Mod. Of subgrade rxn 'K' = P/Δ = 800 Mt/m2/m
Spring constant = Force req. to cause unit deflection.
Spring constant Kfy = K x A
Generally Kfx = 0.5 Kfy
Area 'A' = (Half distance on either side of spring) x (width)
And width is kept as 1m.

Distance Kfy = K x Kfx 'X' co-

Node Area 'A'
S.No covered A (Mt/m) (Mt/m) ordinates
1 1 0.15 0.15 120 60 0.0
2 5 0.4 0.4 320 160 0.3
3 6 0.5 0.5 400 200 0.8
4 7 0.5 0.5 400 200 1.3
5 8 0.5 0.5 400 200 1.8
6 9 0.5 0.5 400 200 2.3
7 10 0.5 0.5 400 200 2.8
8 11 0.5 0.5 400 200 3.3
9 12 0.5 0.5 400 200 3.8
10 13 0.5 0.5 400 200 4.3
11 14 0.5 0.5 400 200 4.8
12 15 0.5 0.5 400 200 5.3
13 16 0.5 0.5 400 200 5.8
14 17 0.5 0.5 400 200 6.3
15 18 0.5 0.5 400 200 6.8
16 19 0.5 0.5 400 200 7.3
17 20 0.5 0.5 400 200 7.8
18 21 0.5 0.5 400 200 8.3
19 22 0.5 0.5 400 200 8.8
20 23 0.5 0.5 400 200 9.3
21 24 0.5 0.5 400 200 9.8
22 25 0.4 0.4 320 160 10.3
23 4 0.15 0.15 120 60 10.6
Height of fill at top of box = 0.3 m
Height of earth at bottom of box = 4.9 m
Density of soil = 1.8 Mt/m3
CALCULATION OF LOADS
Number of tracks = 1
Value of cofficient of active earth pressure 'Ka' = 0.251
Value of cofficient of static earth pressure 'Ks' = 0.426

DEAD LOAD CALCULATIONS

1. SELF WEIGHT OF BOX.
Density of concrete = 2.5 Mt/m3

2. DEAD LOAD OVER TOP MEMBER.

3.7

0.672 m

4.5

a). Dead load of rails/m

No. of rails = 2
Weight of each rail = 0.052 Mt/m
Dead load of rails = 0.104 Mt/m

b). Dead load of sleeper/m

Sleeper density per meter run = 1.6 sleepers/meter

Volume of sleeper = 0.145 m3
Unit weight of concrete = 2.5 Mt/m3
Dead load of sleeper/m = 0.58 Mt/m
c). Dead load of ballast/m

Unit weight of ballast = 2 Mt/m3

Height of ballast = 0.281 m
Volume of ballast/m = 1.1521 m3/m
Dead load of ballast/m = 2.3042 Mt/m
Total dead load of formation/m = 2.9882 Mt/m
But minimum value of dead load/m = 6.8 Mt/m

Dead load of ballast over a width of 1m,

= (Max(Total DL of ballast OR 6.8Mt)/4.5m = 1.5111111 Mt/m

d). Dead Load of FILL or Blanket incl. boulder layer/m

Unit weight of blanket material for meter run = 2 Mt/m3
Height of fill = 0 m
Dead load of FILL blanket = 0 Mt/m

Therefore total dead load intensity = 1.51 Mt/m

3. EARTH PRESSURE (Active case)

Value of ka = 0.251
Height of earth fill at top of box = 0.3 m
Height of earth fill at bottom of box = 4.9 m

Ordinate at top of box = ka x Υ x h1 = 0.1354583 Mt/m

Ordinate at bottom of box = ka x Υ x h2 = 2.212 Mt/m

0.3

0.1354583 0.1354583
4.9

2.212 2.212
4. EARTH PRESSURE (Static case)
Value of ks = 0.426
Height of earth fill at top of box = 0.3 m
Height of earth fill at bottom of box = 4.9 m

Ordinate at top of box = ks x Υ x h1 = 0.2302687 Mt/m

Ordinate at bottom of box = ks x Υ x h2 = 3.761 Mt/m

0.3

0.2302687 0.2302687
4.9

3.761 3.761

5. Dead load surcharge (Active case)

Dead load surcharge 'V' = (1.51*4.6) + (Υ*h*B) =
=(1.51*4.6+(2.0*1.3*3)) = 12.783 Mt/m

Width of uniform distribution of surcharge at form. Level, B = 3m

Therefore, width of uniform distribution of surcharge top, B' = 3.30 m
Dead load surcharge V= 12.783 Mt/m
Live load surcharge, S = 0 Mt/m
Ordinate at top of box= ka x (S+V)/B = 0.972 Mt/m
Ordinate at top of box= ka x (S+V)/(B+H) = 0.406 Mt/m

0.972 0.972

0.406 0.406
6. Dead load surcharge (Static case)
Dead load surcharge V= 12.783 Mt/m
Live load surcharge, S = 0 Mt/m
Therefore, width of uniform distribution of surcharge top, B' = 3.3 m
Ordinate at top of box= ks x (S+V)/B = 1.652 Mt/m
Ordinate at top of box= ks x (S+V)/(B+H) = 0.690 Mt/m

1.652 1.652

0.690 0.690

7. Live load surcharge (Active case), one side only.

Dead load surcharge V= 12.783 Mt/m
Live load surcharge, S = 13.7 Mt/m
Therefore, width of uniform distribution of surcharge top, B' = 3.3 m

Ordinate at top of box= ka x (S+V)/B = 2.013 Mt/m

Ordinate at top of box= ka x (S+V)/(B+H) = 0.841 Mt/m

2.013 2.854

0.841 0
8. Live load surcharge (Static case), one side only.
Dead load surcharge V= 12.783 Mt/m
Live load surcharge, S = 13.7 Mt/m
Therefore, width of uniform distribution of surcharge top, B' = 3.3 m

Ordinate at top of box= ks x (S+V)/B = 3.422 Mt/m

Ordinate at top of box= ks x (S+V)/(B+H) = 1.429 Mt/m

3.422 4.852

1.429 0

9. Live load surcharge (Active case), both sides.

Dead load surcharge V= 12.783 Mt/m
Live load surcharge, S = 13.7 Mt/m
Therefore, width of uniform distribution of surcharge top, B' = 3.3 m

Ordinate at top of box= ka x (S+V)/B = 2.013 Mt/m

Ordinate at top of box= ka x (S+V)/(B+H) = 0.841 Mt/m

2.013 2.013

0.841 0.841
10. Live load surcharge (Static case), both sides.
Dead load surcharge V= 12.783 Mt/m
Live load surcharge, S = 13.7 Mt/m
Therefore, width of uniform distribution of surcharge top, B' = 3.3 m

Ordinate at top of box= ks x (S+V)/B = 3.422 Mt/m

Ordinate at top of box= ks x (S+V)/(B+H) = 1.429 Mt/m

3.422 3.422

1.429 1.429
LIVE LOAD CALCULATIONS
A). IRS LOADING

Calculations of dispersion length

1.676 m

0.235 m
0.281 m
2.75 m
0 m 0.30 m

0.6 m
0.1405
L

4 m

0.6 m
10 m

Depth of rail = 0.156 m

Depth of sleeper = 0.235 m
Length of sleeper = 2.75 m
Depth of ballast = (0.672-(rail ht +sleeper ht)) 0.281 m
Depth of blanket fill = 0 m
Total depth of ballast and fill = 0.281 m
As per Bridge Rules clause 2.3.4.2.a dispersion occurs at slope not greater
than half horizontal to one vertical in case of ballast and fill.
Total length for dispersion on either side of sleeper through fill and ballast = 0.1405 m
As per Bridge Rules clause 2.3.4.2.b dispersion through RCC slab should be done
up to 1/4 span on each side of the loaded area.
Length of loaded area = 10 m
Therefore, 1/4 length of loaded area = 2.5 m
Total length for dispersion on either side of rails through slab = 5m

Therefore total dispersion length = 7.8905 m

1. 25t axle loading.
Length of box along track = 'L' = 10.6 m
Cofficient of dynamic augment 'CDA' = (0.15+(8/(6+L)) = 0.6319277
As per clause 2.4.2.1 of bridge rules "if fill is more than 900mm,
Then CDA is taken half. Therefore CDA = 0.3159639
FOR STAAD.
Therefore, after dispersion and dynamic effect
=(1+C.D.A)*25/Dispersion length = 5.1705459 Mt

5.171 Mt

5.56 m 5.94 m 5.56m

2.05 1.95 1.95 2.05 2.05 1.95 1.95 2.05

2. 8.25t train load

Length of box along track = 'L' = 10.6 m
Cofficient of dynamic augment 'CDA' = (0.15+(8/(6+L)) = 0.6319277
As per clause 2.4.2.1 of bridge rules "if fill is more than 900mm,
Then CDA is taken half. Therefore CDA = 0.3159639
FOR STAAD

Therefore, after dispersion and dynamic effect

=(1+C.D.A)*8.25/Dispersion length = 1.3759206 Mt

1.376 Mt
1m each
LONGITUDINAL FORCE
As per code for a loaded length of10m
Tractive effort = 41.7 Mt
Braking force = 28.1 Mt

Therefore, longitudinal force = 41.7 t

As per clause 2.8.3.2 dispersion of longitudinal force is taken as 25% of tractive effort
and subject to mimimum of 16 Mt for BG.
25% of tractive effort = 10.425 Mt

So, longitudinal force after dispersion = 16 Mt/m

APPLICATION OF LONG. FORCE FOR STAAD (If applicable)

6.957
16

Note: Since fill is nearly 1.6m including ballast,

therefore, effect of longitudinal force is neglected.
STAAD PLANE 10.00 x 4.00 USBRL Project
* Analysis (SLS & ULS) (Except LIVE LOAD)
* PHI = 35 degree Ka = 0.251 K0 = ### Br. 150B
* CDA = 0.316 Height of fill = 0.000 m
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTONS
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0.00 0.00 0
2 0.00 4.60 0
3 10.60 4.60 0
4 10.60 0.00 0
5 0.3 0 0
6 0.8 0 0
7 1.3 0 0
8 1.8 0 0
9 2.3 0 0
10 2.8 0 0
11 3.3 0 0
12 3.8 0 0
13 4.3 0 0
14 4.8 0 0
15 5.3 0 0
16 5.8 0 0
17 6.3 0 0
18 6.8 0 0
19 7.3 0 0
20 7.8 0 0
21 8.3 0 0
22 8.8 0 0
23 9.3 0 0
24 9.8 0 0
25 10.3 0 0
MEMBER INCI
1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 3 4; 4 1 5; 5 5 6; 6 6 7;
7 7 8; 8 8 9; 9 9 10; 10 10 11; 11 11 12; 12 12 13; 13 13 14; 14 14 15;
15 15 16; 16 16 17; 17 17 18 ; 18 18 19; 19 19 20; 20 20 21; 21 21 22;
22 22 23; 23 23 24; 24 24 25; 25 25 4;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.96e+006
POISSION .15
DENSITY 2.5
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN
1 3 PRIS YD 0.6 ZD 1.0
2 PRIS YD 0.6 ZD 1.0
4 TO 25 PRIS YD 0.60 ZD 1.0
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE MEMB 1 TO 25

SUPPORTS
1 4 FIXED BUT FZ MX MY MZ KFX 60 KFY 120
5 25 FIXED BUT FZ MX MY MZ KFX 160 KFY 320
6 TO 24 FIXED BUT FZ MX MY MZ KFX 200 KFY 400
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE None TITLE SELF WEIGHT
SELFWEIGHT Y -1
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE None TITLE SIDL TOP
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -1.51
LOAD 3 LOADTYPE None TITLE EARTH PRESSURE ACTIVE
MEMBER LOAD
1 TRAP Y -2.2125 -0.135 0 4.6
3 TRAP Y -0.135 -2.212 0 4.6
LOAD 4 LOADTYPE None TITLE EARTH PRESSURE STATIC
MEMBER LOAD
1 TRAP Y -3.7611 -0.2303 0 4.6
3 TRAP Y -0.2303 -3.7611 0 4.6
LOAD 5 LOADTYPE None TITLE DL SURCHARGE ACTIVE
MEMBER LOAD
1 LIN Y -0.406 -0.9717
3 LIN Y -0.9717 -0.406
LOAD 6 LOADTYPE None TITLE DL SURCHARGE STATIC
MEMBER LOAD
1 LIN Y -0.690 -1.6518
3 LIN Y -1.6518 -0.690
LOAD 7 LOADTYPE None TITLE LL SURCHARGE ONE SIDE ACTIVE
MEMBER LOAD
1 LIN Y -0.8409 -2.0131
3 TRAP Y -2.854 0 0 4.6
LOAD 8 LOADTYPE None TITLE LL SURCHARGE ONE SIDE STATIC
MEMBER LOAD
1 LIN Y -1.4295 -3.4221
3 TRAP Y -4.8516 0 0 4.6
LOAD 9 LOADTYPE None TITLE LL SURCHARGE BOTH SIDE ACTIVE
MEMBER LOAD
1 LIN Y -0.8409 -2.0131
3 LIN Y -2.0131 -0.8409
LOAD 10 LOADTYPE None TITLE LL SURCHARGE BOTH SIDE STATIC
MEMBER LOAD
1 LIN Y -1.4295 -3.4221
3 LIN Y -3.4221 -1.4295

LOAD 11 LOADTYPE None TITLE LL MAX SAG

MEMBER LOAD
2 CON GY -5.1705 0.09
2 CON GY -5.1705 1.456
LOAD 12 LOADTYPE None TITLE LL MAX SHEAR
MEMBER LOAD
2 CON GY -5.1705 0.35
2 CON GY -5.1705 1.366

LOAD 13 LOADTYPE None TITLE LONG. FORCE (if applicable)

JOINT LOAD
2 FX 16
MEMBER LOAD
3 TRAP Y -6.9565 0 0 4.6

*SLS Dead Load only

LOAD COMBINATION 101
1 1.0 2 1.2 3 1.0 5 1.0
LOAD COMBINATION 102
1 1.0 2 1.2 4 1.0 6 1.0
*SLS DL + LL (Active)
LOAD COMBINATION 201
1 1.0 2 1.2 3 1.0 5 1.0 7 1.0
LOAD COMBINATION 202
1 1.0 2 1.2 3 1.0 5 1.0 7 1.0 11 1.1 13 1.1
LOAD COMBINATION 203
1 1.0 2 1.2 3 1.0 5 1.0 7 1.0 12 1.1 13 1.1
LOAD COMBINATION 204
1 1.0 2 1.2 3 1.0 5 1.0 9 1.0 11 1.1 13 1.1
LOAD COMBINATION 205
1 1.0 2 1.2 3 1.0 5 1.0 9 1.0 12 1.1 13 1.1
*SLS DL + LL (Static)
LOAD COMBINATION 206
1 1.0 2 1.2 4 1.0 6 1.0 8 1.0
LOAD COMBINATION 207
1 1.0 2 1.2 4 1.0 6 1.0 8 1.0 11 1.1 13 1.1
LOAD COMBINATION 208
1 1.0 2 1.2 4 1.0 6 1.0 8 1.0 12 1.1 13 1.1
LOAD COMBINATION 209
1 1.0 2 1.2 4 1.0 6 1.0 10 1.0 11 1.1 13 1.1
LOAD COMBINATION 210
1 1.0 2 1.2 4 1.0 6 1.0 10 1.0 12 1.1 13 1.1
*ULS COMBINATIONS
*(Active)
LOAD COMBINATION 301
1 1.4 2 2.0 3 1.7 5 1.7
LOAD COMBINATION 302
1 1.4 2 2.0 3 1.7 5 1.7 7 1.7
LOAD COMBINATION 303
1 1.4 2 2.0 3 1.7 5 1.7 7 1.7 11 2.0 13 2.0
LOAD COMBINATION 304
1 1.4 2 2.0 3 1.7 5 1.7 7 1.7 12 2.0 13 2.0
LOAD COMBINATION 305
1 1.4 2 2.0 3 1.7 5 1.7 9 1.7 11 2.0 13 2.0
LOAD COMBINATION 306
1 1.4 2 2.0 3 1.7 5 1.7 9 1.7 12 2.0 13 2.0
*(Static)
LOAD COMBINATION 307
1 1.4 2 2.0 4 1.7 6 1.7
LOAD COMBINATION 308
1 1.4 2 2.0 4 1.7 6 1.7 8 1.7
LOAD COMBINATION 309
1 1.4 2 2.0 4 1.7 6 1.7 8 1.7 11 2.0 13 2.0
LOAD COMBINATION 310
1 1.4 2 2.0 4 1.7 6 1.7 8 1.7 12 2.0 13 2.0
LOAD COMBINATION 311
1 1.4 2 2.0 4 1.7 6 1.7 10 1.7 11 2.0 13 2.0
LOAD COMBINATION 312
1 1.4 2 2.0 4 1.7 6 1.7 10 1.7 12 2.0 13 2.0
PERFORM ANALYSIS
LOAD LIST 101 102 201 TO 210 301 TO 312
PRINT MEMBER FORCES LIST 1 TO 12
PRINT MAXFORCE ENVELOPE
FINISH
STAAD OUTPUT RESULTS (DL & SURCHARGES)

ULTIMATE MOMENT (CENTRE) ULTIMATE MOMENT (END) SHEAR

MEMBER SLS (DL) SLS (DL+LL) ULS SLS (DL) SLS (DL+LL) ULS ULS
Top Member 16.8 23.1 35.2 10.1 34.5 58.2 25.5

Bottom Membe 38.4 43.3 65.2 26.9 54.3 87 51.6

Side Member 0.1 23.3 45.4 44.2 71.6 114.6 45.2

Design of Bottom Member ( Top reinforcement )

Design bending moment MU (max) = 65.2 t.m/m

Service bending moment, dead+live, MD+L = 43.3 t.m
Service bending moment, dead load, MD = 38.4 t.m
Width b = 1000 mm
Grade of concrete fCK = M 35
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 415
MU
Required Depth (effective) d=
0.15 fCK b
d = 352 mm
Total depth provided = 1000 mm
Clear cover = 75 mm
Effective cover = 87.5 mm
Effective depth provided = 912.5 mm
MU
Area of steel required, As = 0.87 fY z
1.1 fY AS
Where 1-
z= fCK b d d max value of z=0.95d
z = Err:522 = Err:522 mm
AS = Err:522 mm2
Minimum steel=0.2% of bd = 1825 mm2

Let us provide
Layer 1 25 dia @ 150 mm number of bars per meter
Layer 2 0 dia @ 150 mm
Area of steel provided = 3272.4923 mm2/m
Again z = 0.95 *d = 866.875
Moment capacity (steel) Musteel = 0.87 fy AS z
MUsteel = 102.42417 t.m/m
Moment capacity (concrete) Muconcrete = 0.15 fCK b d
2

MUconcrete = 437.14453 t.m/m

Therefore Moment capacity of section = 102.4241733237

Shear Design
Design shear force VU (max) = 51.6 t/m
Distance of critical section from face = 0.9125 m
Effective depth at critical section = 912.5 mm
Shear stress v = 0.5654795 N/mm2
In no case v shall exceed 0.75 (fCK) or 4.75 whichever is the lesser,
0.5

whatever shear reinforcement is provided.

Minimum of 0.75 (fCK)0.5 & 4.75 = 4.4370598
0.27 100 AS 1/3
vc = fCK1/3
Ultimate shear stress in concrete Ym b d
Where Ym = 1.25
% steel provided at the section = ###
vc = 0.5911903 N/mm2
Depth factor s = (500/d)1/4 or 0.7 whichever is the greater.
s = 0.8603681
svc = 0.5086412 N/mm2
Stirrup diameter = 12 mm
4 legged stirrups in barrel direction gives area ASV = 452.3893421169
Provide lengthwise - 12 mm dia stirrups @ 200 mm spacing c/c

Formula for finding spacing (sv)

If v <= svc sv <= ( Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( 0.4 b )
If v > svc sv <= (Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( b *( v + 0.4 - svc ))
Therefore sv = 357.53396 mm
Maximum spacing that can be provided in direction of span and at right angle to it.
1) sv< 0.75 d = 684.375 mm
2) sv< 450 mm

Calculation of Destribution reinforcement

Clause:15.9.4.2(Concrete Bridge Code): Minimum area of secondary reinforcement:-
In the predominatily tensile area of a solid slab or wall the minimum area of secondary reinforcement shall be
not less than 0.12% of dt when using Fe 415 reinforcement.
b = 1000 mm
d = 912.5 mm
0.12% bd = 1095 mm^2
Spacing required 12 dia @ 103 mm
Let us provide 12 dia @ 100 mm

Design for crack width

BY CONCRETE BRIDGE CODE OF IRS
3*acr*em
Design crack width = 1+2(acr-cnom)/(h-dc)
where
acr = Distance from the point (crack) considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar
cnom = Required nominal cover to the tensile reinforcement given in 15.9.2
dc = Depth of concrete in compression
h = Overall depth of section
em = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, allowing for the stiffening
 effect of the concrete in the tension zone;

3.8*bt*h*(a'-dc) Mq
em = e1 - 1- 10-9
es*As*(h-dc) Mg

But not greater than e1

where
e1 = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, ignoring for the stiffening
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;
bt = Width of the section at the level of the centroid of the tension steel
a' = Distance from compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated
Mg = Moment at the section considered due to permanent loads;
Mq = Moment at the section considered due to live loads;
es = Calculated strain in the tension reinforcement, ignoring the stiffening effect of concrete in
tension zone;
As = Area of tension reinforcement.
Ast = 3272.4923 mm2
Asc = 0 mm2 ( on the conservative side)
pt = 0.3586293
1000
d' = 0.0
kd = 193.965
912.5
1000
dc1 = 87.5 2dc1 = 175
cmin

Depth of neutral axis :kd

Grade of concrete fCK = M 35
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 415
Permissible stress in concrete (compression)=(0.5*fck)= 17.5 N/mm2
Permissible stress in steel(tension/compression) =(0.75*fy)= 311.25
Modulus of elasticity of concrete= 29580.399 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel = 2.00E+05 N/mm2
Moudular ratio m= 280/FCK = 8
Taking moments of areas of the cracked-transformed section about the NA
b (kd)2/2 + (1.5m-1) Asc (kd-d') = m Ast (d-kd)
1000(kd)^2 /2 + (11 x 0 ) (kd - 0 ) = (8 x 3272.49) (912.5 - kd )
500(kd)^2 + 26179.9 (kd) - 23889194.1 = 0
b = 26179.9
a = 500
c = -23889194
kd = 193.96 mm
Tensile stress in steel under service loads: f st
Icr = b(kd)^3/3 + mAst(d-kd)^2 + 1.5m*Asc(kd-d' )^2
Icr = 1.59E+10 mm4
Stress at the centroid of the tension steel
fst = mM(d-x)/Icr= 156.06042 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
Strain in concrete at the level of steel = strain in steel
fst
es = = ecd
Es
ecd = 7.8E-04
Strain in concrete at the outer most tension face
(D-kd)
ecD = ecd = e1
(d-kd)
e1 = 0.0008753
Max compressive stress in concrete6.2307773 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
bt = 1000 mm
a' = 1000 mm
Mg = 38.4 t.m
Mq = 4.9 t.m
es = fst / Es = 0.0007803
h = 1000 mm
dc = 193.96 mm
em = -0.000423
Spacing of longitudinal reinf. = 150 mm
acr = 102.74 mm
cnom = 75 mm
wcr = -0.122 mm OK
 Design of Bottom Member

Design bending moment MU (max)

Service bending moment, dead+live, MD+L
Service bending moment, dead load, MD
Width b
Grade of concrete fCK
Grade of Steel fY

Required Depth (effective)

d
Total depth provided
Clear cover
Effective cover
Effective depth provided

Area of steel required

1.1 fY AS
Where 1-
z= fCK b d d
z = Err:522
AS
Minimum steel=0.2% of bd

Let us provide
7 Layer 1 32 dia @ 150 mm
Layer 2 0 dia @ 150 mm
Err:522 Area of steel provided
mm Again z
Moment capacity (steel) Musteel = 0.87 fy AS z
UNDER REINFORCED MUsteel
Moment capacity (concrete) Muconcrete = 0.15 fCK b d2
MUconcrete
t.m/m OK Therefore Moment capacity of section

Shear Design
Design shear force VU (max)
Distance of critical section from face of pier
Effective depth at critical section
Shear stress v
In no case v shall exceed 0.75 (fCK)0.5 or 4.75 whichever is th
whatever shear reinforcement is provided.
 OK Minimum of 0.75 (fCK)0.5 & 4.75

vc =
Ultimate shear stress in concrete
Where Ym
% steel provided at the section
vc
Depth factor s = (500/d)1/4 or 0.7 w
s
Provide Design stirrups svc
Stirrup diameter = 10
mm2 4 legged stirrups in barrel direction gives area
OK Provide lengthwise - 12 mm dia stirrups
number of stirrup legs lengthwise / m
Formula for finding spacing (sv)
If v <= svc sv <= ( Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( 0.4 b )
If v > svc sv <= (Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( b *( v + 0.4 - svc ))
Therefore sv
Maximum spacing that can be provided in direction of span a
OK 1) sv< 0.75 d
OK 2) sv< 450

Calculation of Destribution reinforcement

Clause:15.9.4.2(Concrete Bridge Code): Minimum area of seco
cement shall be In the predominatily tensile area of a solid slab or wall the m
reinforcement shall be not less than 0.12% of dt when using
b = 1000 mm
d = 909 mm
0.12% bd = 1090.8 mm^2
Spacing required 12 dia @ 104 mm
Let us provide 12 dia @ 100 mm

Design for crack width

BY CONCRETE BRIDGE CODE OF IRS

3*acr*em
Design crack width = 1+2(acr-cnom)/(h-dc)
where
acr = Distance from the point (crack) considered to th
cnom = Required nominal cover to the tensile reinforcem
dc = Depth of concrete in compression
h = Overall depth of section
em = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is b
 effect of the concrete in the tension zone;

3.8*bt*h*(a'-dc)
em = e1 - 1-
es*As*(h-dc)
But not greater than e1
where
e1 = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is b
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;
bt = Width of the section at the level of the centroid
a' = Distance from compression face to the point at w
Mg = Moment at the section considered due to perman
Mq = Moment at the section considered due to live loa
es = Calculated strain in the tension reinforcement, ig
tension zone;
As = Area of tension reinforcement.
Ast = 5361.6515 mm2
Asc = 0 mm2
pt = 0.5898406
1000

909.0
1000

Ae = 175 x 1000 cmin

= 175000 mm 2

Depth of neutral axis :kd

Grade of concrete fCK = M 35
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 415
Permissible stress in concrete (compression)=(0.5*fck)=
N/mm 2
Permissible stress in steel(tension/compression) =(0.75*fy)=
Modulus of elasticity of concrete=
Modulus of elasticity of steel =
Moudular ratio m= 280/FCK
Taking moments of areas of the cracked-transformed sectio
b (kd)2/2 + (1.5m-1) Asc (kd-d') = m Ast (d-kd)
1000(kd)^2 /2 + (11 x 0 ) (kd - 0 ) = (8 x 5361.65) (909 - kd
500(kd)^2 + 42893.2 (kd) - 38989929.4 = 0
b = 42893.2
a = 500
c = -38989929
kd = 239.63 mm
Tensile stress in steel under service loads: fst
Icr = b(kd)^3/3 + mAst(d-kd)^2 + 1.5m*A
Icr = 2.38E+10 mm4
Stress at the centroid of the tension steel
fst = mM(d-x)/Icr= 122.14683
Strain in concrete at the level of steel = strain in steel
fst
fst
ess = = ecd
EEss
ecd = 6.1E-04
Strain in concrete at the outer most tension face
(D-kd)
ecD = ecd = e1
(d-kd)
e1 = 0.0006938
Max compressive stress in concrete6.4674429
bt = 1000 mm
a' = 1000 mm
Mg = 26.9 t.m
Mq = 27.4 t.m
es = fst / Es = 0.0006107
h = 1000 mm
dc = 239.63 mm
em = 0.0006938
Spacing of longitudinal reinf. =
acr = 101.92 mm
cnom = 75 mm
wcr = 0.198 mm OK
 ( Bottom reinforcement )

= 87 t.m/m
= 54.3 t.m
= 26.9 t.m
= 1000 mm
= M 35
= Fe 415

= d= MU
0.15 fCk b
= 407 mm
= 1000 mm
= 75 mm
= 91 mm
= 909 mm
MU
= As = 0.87 fY z

max value of z=0.95d

= Err:522 mm
= Err:522 mm2
= 1818 mm2

150 mm number of bars per meter 7

150 mm barrelwise stirrup spacing
= 5361.6515 mm2/m Err:522
= 0.92 * d = 836.28 mm
Musteel = 0.87 fy AS z
= 161.88911 t.m/m UNDER REINFORCED
Muconcrete = 0.15 fCK b d
2

= 433.79753 t.m/m
= 161.88911 t.m/m OK

= 51.6 t/m
= 0.909 m
= 909 mm
= 0.5676568 N/mm2
0.5
or 4.75 whichever is the lesser,
 = 4.4370598 OK
0.27 100 AS 1/3
fCK1/3
Ym b d
= 1.25
= ###
= 0.5919473 N/mm2
s = (500/d)1/4 or 0.7 whichever is the greater.
= 0.8611951
= 0.5097821 N/mm2 Provide Design stirrups
mm
rrel direction gives area ASV = 314.15927
mm dia stirrups @ 200 mm spacing c/c OK
stirrup legs lengthwise / m 5

/ ( b *( v + 0.4 - svc ))
= 247.72545 mm
ded in direction of span and at right angle to it.
= 681.75 mm OK
mm OK

de): Minimum area of secondary reinforcement:-

f a solid slab or wall the minimum area of secondary
n 0.12% of dt when using Fe 415 reinforcement.

104 mm
100 mm

t (crack) considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar

to the tensile reinforcement given in 15.9.2

e level where cracking is being considered, allowing for the stiffening

 in the tension zone;
Mq
1- 10-9
Mg

e level where cracking is being considered, ignoring for the stiffening

in the tension zone;
t the level of the centroid of the tension steel
sion face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated
considered due to permanent loads;
considered due to live loads;
tension reinforcement, ignoring the stiffening effect of concrete in

( on the conservative side)

d' = 0.0
kd = 239.63058

dc1 = 91.0 2dc1 = 182

Ae = 182 x 1000
= 182000 mm2

mpression)=(0.5*fck)= 17.5 N/mm2

compression) =(0.75*fy)= 311.25 N/mm2
29580.399 N/mm2
2.00E+05 N/mm2
= 8
acked-transformed section about the NA

= (8 x 5361.65) (909 - kd )
^2 + 1.5m*Asc(kd-d' )^2

N/mm2 (MPa) OK
teel = strain in steel

st tension face

N/mm2 (MPa) OK

150 mm
Design of Top Member ( Top reinforcement )

Design bending moment MU (max) = 58.2 t.m/m

Service bending moment, dead+live, MD+L = 34.5 t.m
Service bending moment, dead load, MD = 10.1 t.m
Width b = 1000 mm
Grade of concrete fCK = M 35
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 415
MU
Required Depth (effective) d=
0.15 fCK b
d = 333 mm
Total depth provided = 1000 mm
Clear cover = 75 mm
Effective cover = 91 mm
Effective depth provided = 909 mm
MU
Area of steel required, As = 0.87 fY z
1.1 fY AS
Where 1-
z= fCK b d d max value of z=0.95d
z = Err:522 = Err:522 mm
AS = Err:522 mm2
Minimum steel=0.2% of bd = 1818 mm2

Let us provide
Layer 1 32 dia @ 150 mm number of bars per meter
Layer 2 0 dia @ 150 mm
Area of steel provided = 5361.6515 mm2/m
Again z = 0.92 *d = 836.28
Moment capacity (steel) Musteel = 0.87 fy AS z
MUsteel = 161.88911 t.m/m
Moment capacity (concrete) Muconcrete = 0.15 fCK b d 2

MUconcrete = 433.79753 t.m/m

Therefore Moment capacity of section = 161.8891112488

Shear Design
Design shear force VU (max) = 25.5 t/m
Distance of critical section from face = 0.909 m
Effective depth at critical section = 909 mm
Shear stress v = 0.2805281 N/mm2
In no case v shall exceed 0.75 (fCK) or 4.75 whichever is the lesser,
0.5

whatever shear reinforcement is provided.

Minimum of 0.75 (fCK)0.5 & 4.75 = 4.4370598
0.27 100 AS 1/3
vc = fCK1/3
Ultimate shear stress in concrete Ym b d
Where Ym = 1.25
% steel provided at the section = ###
vc = 0.5022052 N/mm2
Depth factor s = (500/d)1/4 or 0.7 whichever is the greater.
s = 0.8611951
svc = 0.4324967 N/mm2
Stirrup diameter = 12 mm
4 legged stirrups in barrel direction gives area ASV = 452.3893421169
Provide lengthwise - 12 mm dia stirrups @ 200 mm spacing c/c

Formula for finding spacing (sv)

If v <= svc sv <= ( Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( 0.4 b )
If v > svc sv <= (Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( b *( v + 0.4 - svc ))
Therefore sv = 408.33793 mm
Maximum spacing that can be provided in direction of span and at right angle to it.
1) sv< 0.75 d = 681.75 mm
2) sv< 450 mm

Calculation of Destribution reinforcement

Clause:15.9.4.2(Concrete Bridge Code): Minimum area of secondary reinforcement:-
In the predominatily tensile area of a solid slab or wall the minimum area of secondary reinforcement shall be
not less than 0.12% of dt when using Fe 415 reinforcement.
b = 1000 mm
d = 909 mm
0.12% bd = 1090.8 mm^2
Spacing required 12 dia @ 104 mm
Let us provide 12 dia @ 100 mm

Design for crack width

BY CONCRETE BRIDGE CODE OF IRS
3*acr*em
Design crack width = 1+2(acr-cnom)/(h-dc)
where
acr = Distance from the point (crack) considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar
cnom = Required nominal cover to the tensile reinforcement given in 15.9.2
dc = Depth of concrete in compression
h = Overall depth of section
em = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, allowing for the stiffening
 effect of the concrete in the tension zone;

3.8*bt*h*(a'-dc) Mq
em = e1 - 1- 10-9
es*As*(h-dc) Mg

But not greater than e1

where
e1 = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, ignoring for the stiffening
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;
bt = Width of the section at the level of the centroid of the tension steel
a' = Distance from compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated
Mg = Moment at the section considered due to permanent loads;
Mq = Moment at the section considered due to live loads;
es = Calculated strain in the tension reinforcement, ignoring the stiffening effect of concrete in
tension zone;
As = Area of tension reinforcement.
Ast = 5361.6515 mm2
Asc = 0 mm2 ( on the conservative side)
pt = 0.5898406
1000
d' = 0.0
kd = 239.63058
909.0
1000
dc1 = 91.0 2dc1 = 182
cmin

Depth of neutral axis :kd

Grade of concrete fCK = M 35
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 415
Permissible stress in concrete (compression)=(0.5*fck)= 17.5 N/mm2
Permissible stress in steel(tension/compression) =(0.75*fy)= 311.25
Modulus of elasticity of concrete= 29580.399 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel = 2.00E+05 N/mm2
Moudular ratio m= 280/FCK = 8
Taking moments of areas of the cracked-transformed section about the NA
b (kd)2/2 + (1.5m-1) Asc (kd-d') = m Ast (d-kd)
1000(kd)^2 /2 + (11 x 0 ) (kd - 0 ) = (8 x 5361.65) (909 - kd )
500(kd)^2 + 42893.2 (kd) - 38989929.4 = 0
b = 42893.2
a = 500
c = -38989929
kd = 239.63 mm
Tensile stress in steel under service loads: f st
Icr = b(kd)^3/3 + mAst(d-kd)^2 + 1.5m*Asc(kd-d' )^2
Icr = 2.38E+10 mm4
Stress at the centroid of the tension steel
fst = mM(d-x)/Icr= 77.607103 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
Strain in concrete at the level of steel = strain in steel
fst
es = = ecd
Es
ecd = 3.9E-04
Strain in concrete at the outer most tension face
(D-kd)
ecD = ecd = e1
(d-kd)
e1 = 0.0004408
Max compressive stress in concrete 4.1091488 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
bt = 1000 mm
a' = 1000 mm
Mg = 10.1 t.m
Mq = 24.4 t.m
es = fst / Es = 0.000388
h = 1000 mm
dc = 239.63 mm
em = 0.0004408
Spacing of longitudinal reinf. = 150 mm
acr = 101.92 mm
cnom = 75 mm
wcr = 0.126 mm OK
 Design of Top Member

Design bending moment MU (max)

Service bending moment, dead+live, MD+L
Service bending moment, dead load, MD
Width b
Grade of concrete fCK
Grade of Steel fY

Required Depth (effective)

d
Total depth provided
Clear cover
Effective cover
Effective depth provided

Area of steel required

1.1 fY AS
Where 1-
z= fCK b d d
z = Err:522
AS
Minimum steel=0.2% of bd

Let us provide
7 Layer 1 25 dia @ 150 mm
Layer 2 0 dia @ 150 mm
Err:522 Area of steel provided
mm Again z
Moment capacity (steel) Musteel = 0.87 fy AS z
UNDER REINFORCED MUsteel
Moment capacity (concrete) Muconcrete = 0.15 fCK b d2
MUconcrete
t.m/m OK Therefore Moment capacity of section

Shear Design
Design shear force VU (max)
Distance of critical section from face of pier
Effective depth at critical section
Shear stress v
In no case v shall exceed 0.75 (fCK)0.5 or 4.75 whichever is th
whatever shear reinforcement is provided.
 OK Minimum of 0.75 (fCK)0.5 & 4.75

vc =
Ultimate shear stress in concrete
Where Ym
% steel provided at the section
vc
Depth factor s = (500/d)1/4 or 0.7 w
s
Provide minimum stirrups svc
Stirrup diameter = 12
mm2 4 legged stirrups in barrel direction gives area
OK Provide lengthwise - 12 mm dia stirrups
number of stirrup legs lengthwise / m
Formula for finding spacing (sv)
If v <= svc sv <= ( Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( 0.4 b )
If v > svc sv <= (Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( b *( v + 0.4 - svc ))
Therefore sv
Maximum spacing that can be provided in direction of span a
OK 1) sv< 0.75 d
OK 2) sv< 450

Calculation of Destribution reinforcement

Clause:15.9.4.2(Concrete Bridge Code): Minimum area of seco
cement shall be In the predominatily tensile area of a solid slab or wall the m
reinforcement shall be not less than 0.12% of dt when using
b = 1000 mm
d = 912.5 mm
0.12% bd = 1095 mm^2
Spacing required 12 dia @ 103 mm
Let us provide 12 dia @ 100 mm

Design for crack width

BY CONCRETE BRIDGE CODE OF IRS

3*acr*em
Design crack width = 1+2(acr-cnom)/(h-dc)
where
acr = Distance from the point (crack) considered to th
cnom = Required nominal cover to the tensile reinforcem
dc = Depth of concrete in compression
h = Overall depth of section
em = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is b
 effect of the concrete in the tension zone;

3.8*bt*h*(a'-dc)
em = e1 - 1-
es*As*(h-dc)
But not greater than e1
where
e1 = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is b
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;
bt = Width of the section at the level of the centroid
a' = Distance from compression face to the point at w
Mg = Moment at the section considered due to perman
Mq = Moment at the section considered due to live loa
es = Calculated strain in the tension reinforcement, ig
tension zone;
As = Area of tension reinforcement.
Ast = 3272.4923 mm2
Asc = 0 mm2
pt = 0.3586293
1000

912.5
1000

Ae = 182 x 1000 cmin

= 182000 mm 2

Depth of neutral axis :kd

Grade of concrete fCK = M 35
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 415
Permissible stress in concrete (compression)=(0.5*fck)=
N/mm 2
Permissible stress in steel(tension/compression) =(0.75*fy)=
Modulus of elasticity of concrete=
Modulus of elasticity of steel =
Moudular ratio m= 280/FCK
Taking moments of areas of the cracked-transformed sectio
b (kd)2/2 + (1.5m-1) Asc (kd-d') = m Ast (d-kd)
1000(kd)^2 /2 + (11 x 0 ) (kd - 0 ) = (8 x 3272.49) (912.5 - k
500(kd)^2 + 26179.9 (kd) - 23889194.1 = 0
b = 26179.9
a = 500
c = -23889194
kd = 193.96 mm
Tensile stress in steel under service loads: fst
Icr = b(kd)^3/3 + mAst(d-kd)^2 + 1.5m*A
Icr = 1.59E+10 mm4
Stress at the centroid of the tension steel
fst = mM(d-x)/Icr= 83.256251
Strain in concrete at the level of steel = strain in steel
fst
fst
ess = = ecd
EEss
ecd = 4.2E-04
Strain in concrete at the outer most tension face
(D-kd)
ecD = ecd = e1
(d-kd)
e1 = 0.000467
Max compressive stress in concrete3.3240406
bt = 1000 mm
a' = 1000 mm
Mg = 16.8 t.m
Mq = 6.3 t.m
es = fst / Es = 0.0004163
h = 1000 mm
dc = 193.96 mm
em = -0.001276
Spacing of longitudinal reinf. =
acr = 102.74 mm
cnom = 75 mm
wcr = -0.368 mm OK
 ( Bottom reinforcement )

= 35.2 t.m/m
= 23.1 t.m
= 16.8 t.m
= 1000 mm
= M 35
= Fe 415

= d= MU
0.15 fCk b
= 259 mm
= 1000 mm
= 75 mm
= 87.5 mm
= 912.5 mm
MU
= As = 0.87 fY z

max value of z=0.95d

= Err:522 mm
= Err:522 mm2
= 1825 mm2

150 mm number of bars per meter 7

150 mm barrelwise stirrup spacing
= 3272.4923 mm2/m Err:522
= 0.95 * d = 866.875 mm
Musteel = 0.87 fy AS z
= 102.42417 t.m/m UNDER REINFORCED
Muconcrete = 0.15 fCK b d
2

= 437.14453 t.m/m
= 102.42417 t.m/m OK

= 25.5 t/m
= 0.9125 m
= 912.5 mm
= 0.2794521 N/mm2
0.5
or 4.75 whichever is the lesser,
 = 4.4370598 OK
0.27 100 AS 1/3
fCK1/3
Ym b d
= 1.25
= ###
= 0.501563 N/mm2
s = (500/d)1/4 or 0.7 whichever is the greater.
= 0.8603681
= 0.4315287 N/mm2 Provide minimum stirrups
mm
rrel direction gives area ASV = 452.38934
mm dia stirrups @ 200 mm spacing c/c OK
stirrup legs lengthwise / m 5

/ ( b *( v + 0.4 - svc ))
= 408.33793 mm
ded in direction of span and at right angle to it.
= 684.375 mm OK
mm OK

de): Minimum area of secondary reinforcement:-

f a solid slab or wall the minimum area of secondary
n 0.12% of dt when using Fe 415 reinforcement.

103 mm
100 mm

t (crack) considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar

to the tensile reinforcement given in 15.9.2

e level where cracking is being considered, allowing for the stiffening

 in the tension zone;
Mq
1- 10-9
Mg

e level where cracking is being considered, ignoring for the stiffening

in the tension zone;
t the level of the centroid of the tension steel
sion face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated
considered due to permanent loads;
considered due to live loads;
tension reinforcement, ignoring the stiffening effect of concrete in

( on the conservative side)

d' = 0.0
kd = 193.965

dc1 = 87.5 2dc1 = 175

Ae = 175 x 1000
= 175000 mm2

mpression)=(0.5*fck)= 17.5 N/mm2

compression) =(0.75*fy)= 311.25 N/mm2
29580.399 N/mm2
2.00E+05 N/mm2
= 8
acked-transformed section about the NA

= (8 x 3272.49) (912.5 - kd )
^2 + 1.5m*Asc(kd-d' )^2

N/mm2 (MPa) OK
teel = strain in steel

st tension face

N/mm2 (MPa) OK

150 mm
Design of Side Member ( Inner reinforcement )

Design bending moment MU (max) = 45.4 t.m/m

Service bending moment, dead+live, MD+L = 23.3 t.m
Service bending moment, dead load, MD = 0.1 t.m
Width b = 1000 mm
Grade of concrete fCK = M 35
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 415
MU
Required Depth (effective) d=
0.15 fCK b
d = 294 mm
Total depth provided = 1000 mm
Clear cover = 75 mm
Effective cover = 87.5 mm
Effective depth provided = 912.5 mm
MU
Area of steel required, As = 0.87 fY z
1.1 fY AS
Where 1-
z= fCK b d d max value of z=0.95d
z = Err:522 = Err:522 mm
AS = Err:522 mm2
Minimum steel=0.2% of bd = 1825 mm2

Let us provide
Layer 1 25 dia @ 150 mm number of bars per meter
Layer 2 0 dia @ 150 mm
Area of steel provided = 3272.4923 mm2/m
Again z = 0.95 *d = 866.875
Moment capacity (steel) Musteel = 0.87 fy AS z
MUsteel = 102.42417 t.m/m
Moment capacity (concrete) Muconcrete = 0.15 fCK b d
2

MUconcrete = 437.14453 t.m/m

Therefore Moment capacity of section = 102.4241733237

Shear Design
Design shear force VU (max) = 45.2 t/m
Distance of critical section from face = 0.9125 m
Effective depth at critical section = 912.5 mm
Shear stress v = 0.4953425 N/mm2
In no case v shall exceed 0.75 (fCK) or 4.75 whichever is the lesser,
0.5

whatever shear reinforcement is provided.

Minimum of 0.75 (fCK)0.5 & 4.75 = 4.4370598
0.27 100 AS 1/3
vc = fCK1/3
Ultimate shear stress in concrete Ym b d
Where Ym = 1.25
% steel provided at the section = ###
vc = 0.5911903 N/mm2
Depth factor s = (500/d)1/4 or 0.7 whichever is the greater.
s = 0.8603681
svc = 0.5086412 N/mm2
Stirrup diameter = 12 mm
4 legged stirrups in barrel direction gives area ASV = 452.3893421169
Provide lengthwise - 12 mm dia stirrups @ 200 mm spacing c/c

Formula for finding spacing (sv)

If v <= svc sv <= ( Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( 0.4 b )
If v > svc sv <= (Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( b *( v + 0.4 - svc ))
Therefore sv = 408.33793 mm
Maximum spacing that can be provided in direction of span and at right angle to it.
1) sv< 0.75 d = 684.375 mm
2) sv< 450 mm

Calculation of Destribution reinforcement

Clause:15.9.4.2(Concrete Bridge Code): Minimum area of secondary reinforcement:-
In the predominatily tensile area of a solid slab or wall the minimum area of secondary reinforcement shall be
not less than 0.12% of dt when using Fe 415 reinforcement.
b = 1000 mm
d = 912.5 mm
0.12% bd = 1095 mm^2
Spacing required 12 dia @ 103 mm
Let us provide 12 dia @ 100 mm

Design for crack width

BY CONCRETE BRIDGE CODE OF IRS
3*acr*em
Design crack width = 1+2(acr-cnom)/(h-dc)
where
acr = Distance from the point (crack) considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar
cnom = Required nominal cover to the tensile reinforcement given in 15.9.2
dc = Depth of concrete in compression
h = Overall depth of section
em = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, allowing for the stiffening
 effect of the concrete in the tension zone;

3.8*bt*h*(a'-dc) Mq
em = e1 - 1- 10-9
es*As*(h-dc) Mg

But not greater than e1

where
e1 = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being considered, ignoring for the stiffening
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;
bt = Width of the section at the level of the centroid of the tension steel
a' = Distance from compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated
Mg = Moment at the section considered due to permanent loads;
Mq = Moment at the section considered due to live loads;
es = Calculated strain in the tension reinforcement, ignoring the stiffening effect of concrete in
tension zone;
As = Area of tension reinforcement.
Ast = 3272.4923 mm2
Asc = 0 mm2 ( on the conservative side)
pt = 0.3586293
1000
d' = 0.0
kd = 193.965
912.5
1000
dc1 = 87.5 2dc1 = 175
cmin

Depth of neutral axis :kd

Grade of concrete fCK = M 35
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 415
Permissible stress in concrete (compression)=(0.5*fck)= 17.5 N/mm2
Permissible stress in steel(tension/compression) =(0.75*fy)= 311.25
Modulus of elasticity of concrete= 29580.399 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel = 2.00E+05 N/mm2
Moudular ratio m= 280/FCK = 8
Taking moments of areas of the cracked-transformed section about the NA
b (kd)2/2 + (1.5m-1) Asc (kd-d') = m Ast (d-kd)
1000(kd)^2 /2 + (11 x 0 ) (kd - 0 ) = (8 x 3272.49) (912.5 - kd )
500(kd)^2 + 26179.9 (kd) - 23889194.1 = 0
b = 26179.9
a = 500
c = -23889194
kd = 193.96 mm
Tensile stress in steel under service loads: f st
Icr = b(kd)^3/3 + mAst(d-kd)^2 + 1.5m*Asc(kd-d' )^2
Icr = 1.59E+10 mm4
Stress at the centroid of the tension steel
fst = mM(d-x)/Icr= 83.977084 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
Strain in concrete at the level of steel = strain in steel
fst
es = = ecd
Es
ecd = 4.2E-04
Strain in concrete at the outer most tension face
(D-kd)
ecD = ecd = e1
(d-kd)
e1 = 0.000471
Max compressive stress in concrete3.3528201 N/mm2 (MPa) OK
bt = 1000 mm
a' = 1000 mm
Mg = 0.1 t.m
Mq = 23.2 t.m
es = fst / Es = 0.0004199
h = 1000 mm
dc = 193.96 mm
em = 0.000471
Spacing of longitudinal reinf. = 150 mm
acr = 102.74 mm
cnom = 75 mm
wcr = 0.136 mm OK
 Design of Side Member

Design bending moment MU (max)

Service bending moment, dead+live, MD+L
Service bending moment, dead load, MD
Width b
Grade of concrete fCK
Grade of Steel fY

Required Depth (effective)

d
Total depth provided
Clear cover
Effective cover
Effective depth provided

Area of steel required

1.1 fY AS
Where 1-
z= fCK b d d
z = Err:522
AS
Minimum steel=0.2% of bd

Let us provide
7 Layer 1 32 dia @ 150 mm
Layer 2 0 dia @ 150 mm
Err:522 Area of steel provided
mm Again z
Moment capacity (steel) Musteel = 0.87 fy AS z
UNDER REINFORCED MUsteel
Moment capacity (concrete) Muconcrete = 0.15 fCK b d2
MUconcrete
t.m/m OK Therefore Moment capacity of section

Shear Design
Design shear force VU (max)
Distance of critical section from face of pier
Effective depth at critical section
Shear stress v
In no case v shall exceed 0.75 (fCK)0.5 or 4.75 whichever is th
whatever shear reinforcement is provided.
 OK Minimum of 0.75 (fCK)0.5 & 4.75

vc =
Ultimate shear stress in concrete
Where Ym
% steel provided at the section
vc
Depth factor s = (500/d)1/4 or 0.7 w
s
Provide minimum stirrups svc
Stirrup diameter = 12
mm2 4 legged stirrups in barrel direction gives area
OK Provide lengthwise - 12 mm dia stirrups
number of stirrup legs lengthwise / m
Formula for finding spacing (sv)
If v <= svc sv <= ( Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( 0.4 b )
If v > svc sv <= (Asv * 0.87 fY) / ( b *( v + 0.4 - svc ))
Therefore sv
Maximum spacing that can be provided in direction of span a
OK 1) sv< 0.75 d
OK 2) sv< 450

Calculation of Destribution reinforcement

Clause:15.9.4.2(Concrete Bridge Code): Minimum area of seco
cement shall be In the predominatily tensile area of a solid slab or wall the m
reinforcement shall be not less than 0.12% of dt when using
b = 1000 mm
d = 909 mm
0.12% bd = 1090.8 mm^2
Spacing required 12 dia @ 104 mm
Let us provide 12 dia @ 100 mm

Design for crack width

BY CONCRETE BRIDGE CODE OF IRS

3*acr*em
Design crack width = 1+2(acr-cnom)/(h-dc)
where
acr = Distance from the point (crack) considered to th
cnom = Required nominal cover to the tensile reinforcem
dc = Depth of concrete in compression
h = Overall depth of section
em = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is b
 effect of the concrete in the tension zone;

3.8*bt*h*(a'-dc)
em = e1 - 1-
es*As*(h-dc)
But not greater than e1
where
e1 = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is b
effect of the concrete in the tension zone;
bt = Width of the section at the level of the centroid
a' = Distance from compression face to the point at w
Mg = Moment at the section considered due to perman
Mq = Moment at the section considered due to live loa
es = Calculated strain in the tension reinforcement, ig
tension zone;
As = Area of tension reinforcement.
Ast = 5361.6515 mm2
Asc = 0 mm2
pt = 0.5898406
1000

909.0
1000

Ae = 175 x 1000 cmin

= 175000 mm 2

Depth of neutral axis :kd

Grade of concrete fCK = M 35
Grade of Steel fY = Fe 415
Permissible stress in concrete (compression)=(0.5*fck)=
N/mm 2
Permissible stress in steel(tension/compression) =(0.75*fy)=
Modulus of elasticity of concrete=
Modulus of elasticity of steel =
Moudular ratio m= 280/FCK
Taking moments of areas of the cracked-transformed sectio
b (kd)2/2 + (1.5m-1) Asc (kd-d') = m Ast (d-kd)
1000(kd)^2 /2 + (11 x 0 ) (kd - 0 ) = (8 x 5361.65) (909 - kd
500(kd)^2 + 42893.2 (kd) - 38989929.4 = 0
b = 42893.2
a = 500
c = -38989929
kd = 239.63 mm
Tensile stress in steel under service loads: fst
Icr = b(kd)^3/3 + mAst(d-kd)^2 + 1.5m*A
Icr = 2.38E+10 mm4
Stress at the centroid of the tension steel
fst = mM(d-x)/Icr= 161.06286
Strain in concrete at the level of steel = strain in steel
fst
fst
ess = = ecd
EEss
ecd = 8.1E-04
Strain in concrete at the outer most tension face
(D-kd)
ecD = ecd = e1
(d-kd)
e1 = 0.0009148
Max compressive stress in concrete8.5279726
bt = 1000 mm
a' = 1000 mm
Mg = 44.2 t.m
Mq = 27.4 t.m
es = fst / Es = 0.0008053
h = 1000 mm
dc = 239.63 mm
em = 0.0005803
Spacing of longitudinal reinf. =
acr = 101.92 mm
cnom = 75 mm
wcr = 0.166 mm OK
 ( Outer reinforcement )

= 114.6 t.m/m
= 71.6 t.m
= 44.2 t.m
= 1000 mm
= M 35
= Fe 415

= d= MU
0.15 fCk b
= 467 mm
= 1000 mm
= 75 mm
= 91 mm
= 909 mm
MU
= As = 0.87 fY z

max value of z=0.95d

= Err:522 mm
= Err:522 mm2
= 1818 mm2

150 mm number of bars per meter 7

150 mm barrelwise stirrup spacing
= 5361.6515 mm2/m Err:522
= 0.92 * d = 836.28 mm
Musteel = 0.87 fy AS z
= 161.88911 t.m/m UNDER REINFORCED
Muconcrete = 0.15 fCK b d
2

= 433.79753 t.m/m
= 161.88911 t.m/m OK

= 45.2 t/m
= 0.909 m
= 909 mm
= 0.4972497 N/mm2
0.5
or 4.75 whichever is the lesser,
 = 4.4370598 OK
0.27 100 AS 1/3
fCK1/3
Ym b d
= 1.25
= ###
= 0.5919473 N/mm2
s = (500/d)1/4 or 0.7 whichever is the greater.
= 0.8611951
= 0.5097821 N/mm2 Provide minimum stirrups
mm
rrel direction gives area ASV = 452.38934
mm dia stirrups @ 200 mm spacing c/c OK
stirrup legs lengthwise / m 5

/ ( b *( v + 0.4 - svc ))
= 408.33793 mm
ded in direction of span and at right angle to it.
= 681.75 mm OK
mm OK

de): Minimum area of secondary reinforcement:-

f a solid slab or wall the minimum area of secondary
n 0.12% of dt when using Fe 415 reinforcement.

104 mm
100 mm

t (crack) considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar

to the tensile reinforcement given in 15.9.2

e level where cracking is being considered, allowing for the stiffening

 in the tension zone;
Mq
1- 10-9
Mg

e level where cracking is being considered, ignoring for the stiffening

in the tension zone;
t the level of the centroid of the tension steel
sion face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated
considered due to permanent loads;
considered due to live loads;
tension reinforcement, ignoring the stiffening effect of concrete in

( on the conservative side)

d' = 0.0
kd = 239.63058

dc1 = 91.0 2dc1 = 182

Ae = 182 x 1000
= 182000 mm2

mpression)=(0.5*fck)= 17.5 N/mm2

compression) =(0.75*fy)= 311.25 N/mm2
29580.399 N/mm2
2.00E+05 N/mm2
= 8
acked-transformed section about the NA

= (8 x 5361.65) (909 - kd )
^2 + 1.5m*Asc(kd-d' )^2

N/mm2 (MPa) OK
teel = strain in steel

st tension face

N/mm2 (MPa) OK

150 mm
 REINFORCEMENT DRAWING

1000 mm slab 10000 mm 1000 mm

3 1000 mm

32dia150mm c/c
12dia @100mmc/c.
25dia150mm c/c 32dia150mm c/c
12dia200mm c/c spanwise
1 25dia150mm c/c 2
4000 mm

12dia100mm c/c
25dia150mm c/c
12dia200mm c/c
32dia150mm c/c
12dia100mm c/c Haunch bar 12dia 200 c/

4 1000 mm

12dia200mm c/c spanwise

32dia150mm c/c

12dia100mm c/c

12dia200mm c/c

Haunch bar 12dia 200 c/c