Kyaara Report (AutoRecovered) PDF

UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT
STUDIES
PROFILE OF CHAARA COMMUNITY OF THE KINTAMPO SOUTH DISTRICT IN

BONO EAST REGION OF GHANA
REPORT ON THIRD TRIMESTER FIELD PRATICAL PROGRAMME (TTFPP).

COMPILED AND PRESENTED BY GROUP FIFTY-EIGHT (58) TO THE
UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES.
COORDINATED BY:
DR. KANNYIRI THADIOUS BAYEN
PERIOD:
JUNE-JULY 2019
COMMUNITY PROFILE OF CHAARA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is with the utmost contentment and joy from the depth of our hearts do we give thanks to the
almighty God(Allah) for the gift of life, strength and the knowledge bestowed on us throughout
our stay in the Chaara community for the first phase of Third Trimester Field Practical Program
(TTFPP). With a heart-felt gesture, we would like to express our special gratitude and thanks to
all persons, groups and institutions for giving us their precious time and support by providing us
with all necessary information needed regarding the completion of this project. Also, our sincere
gratitude to the deans of the various faculties, heads of departments, senior lecturers and all who
gave us an insight and foreknowledge of the field survey.
We also thank Dr. Kannyiri Thadious Banyen our coordinator for his guidance and constant
supervision in all sectors of our work. May the heavens speak into his life and establish him on the
highest grounds. All our efforts would have proven futile but for the immense and immeasurable
assistances of the traditional leader, Nana Kwabena Kombe II and the elders for recounting to us
a vivid history about the community. We also thank Mr. Donkwaawe Kewah for his warm
welcome and helping us acquire a place of accommodation. We thank the District Assembly and
the Assembly man Hon. David Donkor Donkwaawe for his support during our stay. To our
landlady’s, Mad. Mary Manu and Mad. Tebuya Offilia for the warm accommodation and to
Mad.Alice Adjei and Mad.Georgina Ama who consistently supported us in diverse ways and the
others we say a big thank you for your unflinching support and hospitality.
Lastly, the group would be ungrateful if we fail to appreciate the time, support and services of the
community members and to all who have contributed their quota either directly or indirectly but
whose names have not been mentioned we say a big a thank you.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................................... ix
EXECUTTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ x
PRESENTATION ........................................................................................................................................ xi
COMPOSITION OF GROUP 58................................................................................................................ xii
GENERAL INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... xii
GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF TTFPP ....................................................................................................... xii
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF TTFPP ........................................................................................................ xii
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES............................................................................................................ xiii
LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES ..................................................................................................... xvi
UNIT ONE .................................................................................................................................................... 17
1.1 NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................... 17
1.2 PHYSICAL RESOURCE BASE.......................................................................................................... 17
1.2.1 LOCATION............................................................................................................................ 17
1.2.2 RELIEF. ................................................................................................................................. 17
1.2.3 DRAINAGE. .......................................................................................................................... 17
1.2.4 CLIMATE .............................................................................................................................. 17
1.2.5 VEGETATION. ...................................................................................................................... 18
1.2.6 GEOLOGY............................................................................................................................. 18
1.2.7 SOIL TYPE............................................................................................................................. 18
1.2.8 MAJOR FINDINGS. .............................................................................................................. 19
1.3 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE BASE. .................................................................................................... 19
1.3.1 PLANTS ................................................................................................................................ 19
1.3.2 ANIMALS ............................................................................................................................. 19
1.3.3 FOREST: ............................................................................................................................... 19
1.3.4 MAJOR FINDINGS ................................................................................................................ 19
1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES............................................................................................................ 19
1.4.1 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT. ................................................................................................. 19
1.4.2 BUILT ENVIRONMENT. ....................................................................................................... 19
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1.4.3 LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION....................................................................... 20

1.4.4 MAJOR FINDINGS ................................................................................................................ 20
UNIT TWO ........................................................................................................................................... 21
2.1 POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................................. 21
2.2 POPULATION SIZE ....................................................................................................................... 21
2.3 AGE-SEX STRUCTURE................................................................................................................... 21
2.4 POPULATION PYRAMID ............................................................................................................... 22
2.4.1 POPULATION TREND ........................................................................................................... 22
2.5 LABOUR FORCE ........................................................................................................................... 24
2.6 AGE DEPENDENCY RATIO ............................................................................................................ 25
2.7 ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY RATIO: ............................................................................................... 25
2.8 POPULATION DENSITY ................................................................................................................ 26
2.9 HOUSEHOLD SIZE ........................................................................................................................ 26
2.10 MIGRATION ................................................................................................................................. 27
2.11 MAJOR FINDINGS ........................................................................................................................ 27
UNIT THREE ......................................................................................................................................... 28
3.1 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................... 28
3.2 RELIGION ..................................................................................................................................... 28
3.3 ETHNICITY, KINSHIP, VALUES, TABOOS AND MARRIAGE SYSTEM .............................................. 29
3.3.1 ETHNICITY............................................................................................................................ 29
3.3.2 KINSHIP ............................................................................................................................... 30
3.3.3 VALUES................................................................................................................................ 30
3.3.4 TABOOS............................................................................................................................... 30
3.3.5 MARRIAGE SYSTEM ............................................................................................................ 31
3.4 GENDER ISSUES ........................................................................................................................... 31
3.5 EDUCATION ................................................................................................................................. 31
3.5.1 TRAINED TEACHER – PUPIL RATIO ...................................................................................... 32
3.5.2 SCHOOL DROPOUT RATE..................................................................................................... 34
3.5.3 EDUCATIONAL STATUS ........................................................................................................ 34
3.5.4 CONDITION OF SCHOOL ...................................................................................................... 34
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3.6 WATER AND SANITATION ........................................................................................................... 35

3.7 NON-FORMAL EDUCATION ......................................................................................................... 35
3.8 LITERACY RATE ............................................................................................................................ 36
3.8.1 TREND OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PUPIL ................................................................ 36
3.8.2 POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES IN THE EDUCATION SECTOR............................................. 36
3.9 HEALTH........................................................................................................................................ 37
3.9.1 PREVALENT DISEASES.......................................................................................................... 38
3.9.2 STATE AND CONDITIONS OF THE HEALTH FACILITY............................................................ 39
3.9.3 COMMUNITY TRADITONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT ................................................................. 39
3.9.4 TRADITIONAL HEALERS ....................................................................................................... 40
3.10 POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES IN THE HEALTH CENTER ........................................................... 41
3.11 HOUSING ..................................................................................................................................... 42
3.11.1 ROOM OCCUPANCY RATE ................................................................................................... 43
3.11.2 PROPERTY OWNERSHIP ...................................................................................................... 44
3.11.3 STATE OF HOUSES IN THE COMMUNITY ............................................................................. 44
3.11.4 HOUSING PROBLEMS IN THE COMMUNITY ........................................................................ 44
3.12 WATER AND SANITATION ........................................................................................................... 44
3.12.1 PROBLEMS OF SANITATION IN THE COMMUNITY .............................................................. 45
3.13 MAJOR FINDINGS ........................................................................................................................ 45
UNIT FOUR .......................................................................................................................................... 46
4.1 Economic Development .............................................................................................................. 46
4.2 Employment Status ..................................................................................................................... 46
4.2.1 Potential Labour Force ........................................................................................................ 46
4.2.2 Unemployment rate ............................................................................................................ 46
4.2.3 OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION .......................................................................................... 46
4.3 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 47
4.4 EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE................................................................................................. 47
4.4.1 LAND ACQUISITION AND OWNERSHIP................................................................................ 48
4.4.2 FARMING SYSTEM ............................................................................................................... 48
4.4.3 Farming practices ................................................................................................................ 48
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4.4.4 Farm Size ............................................................................................................................. 48

4.4.5 Types of labour.................................................................................................................... 48
4.4.6 Source of finance ................................................................................................................ 48
4.4.7 Access to Agricultural extension service ............................................................................. 48
4.4.8 Major crops grown in output level ..................................................................................... 49
4.4.9 Distance from Homestead to farm ..................................................................................... 49
4.4.10 Storage of Produce.............................................................................................................. 49
4.4.11 MARKETING OF FARM PRODUCE ........................................................................................ 49
4.4.12 ANIMAL PRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 49
4.4.13 OUTPUT LEVEL .................................................................................................................... 50
4.4.14 VETERINARY SERVICE OFFICER............................................................................................ 50
4.4.15 MARKETING......................................................................................................................... 50
4.4.16 AGRICULTURAL SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS...................................................................... 50
4.4.17 POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES .......................................................................................... 50
4.5 INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES .................................................................................................................. 51
4.5.1 SHEA BUTTER PROCESSING ................................................................................................. 51
4.5.2 PROCESS OF PRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 51
4.5.3 SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES ........................................................................................................ 52
4.5.4 FINANCING .......................................................................................................................... 52
4.5.5 OWNERSHIP ........................................................................................................................ 52
4.5.6 MARKETING......................................................................................................................... 52
4.5.7 STRENGTH ........................................................................................................................... 52
4.5.8 IMPORTANCE OF SHEA BUTTER .......................................................................................... 52
4.5.9 SUGGESTED ALTERNATIVE METHOD .................................................................................. 53
4.6 COMMERCE AND SERVICES ........................................................................................................ 53
4.6.1 MARKET ............................................................................................................................... 53
4.6.2 FINANCING AND BANK SERVICES ........................................................................................ 53
4.6.3 TOURISM ............................................................................................................................. 53
4.7 HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ................................................................................. 54
4.7.1 HOUSEHOLD INCOME ......................................................................................................... 54
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4.7.2 INCOME DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS ...................................................................................... 55

4.7.3 POVERTY GAP ...................................................................................................................... 58
4.8 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION ......................................................................................... 59
4.8.1 TRANSPORT ......................................................................................................................... 59
4.8.2 COMMUNICATION .............................................................................................................. 59
4.9 ENERGY ....................................................................................................................................... 59
4.10 MAJOR FINDINGS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT...................................................................... 59
UNIT FIVE ............................................................................................................................................ 60
5.1 HISTORICAL AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE ...................................................................................... 60
5.2 Historical development of the community ................................................................................. 60
5.3 TRADITIONAL POLITICAL SYSTEM/AUTHORITY ........................................................................... 60
5.4 Modern Political Structure and Function .................................................................................... 62
5.4.1 DISTRICT ASSEMBLY ............................................................................................................ 63
5.4.2 Location and Size................................................................................................................. 63
5.4.3 FUNCTIONS OF THE ASSEMBLY ........................................................................................... 63
5.4.4 TOWN/AREA COUNCIL ........................................................................................................ 64
5.4.5 UNIT COMMITTEE ............................................................................................................... 64
5.5 INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN THE MODERN AND TRADITIONAL SYSTEM.................................... 64
5.6 DECISION-MAKING ...................................................................................................................... 64
5.7 GENDER RELATED ISSUES............................................................................................................ 65
5.8 NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ................................................................................... 65
UNIT SIX............................................................................................................................................... 66
6.1 COMMUNITY PROBLEMS AND POTENTIALS EMANATING FROM THE COMMUNITY PROFILE ... 66
6.2 NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................... 66
Potentials ............................................................................................................................................ 66
Potential .............................................................................................................................................. 66
6.3 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................... 67
6.4 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................ 67
6.5 HISTORICAL AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE ...................................................................................... 68
6.6 PAIR WISE RANKING.................................................................................................................... 68
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6.7 PROBLEM TREE ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 70

6.8 SWOT ANALYSIS FOR CHAARA COMMUNITY.............................................................................. 72
6.9 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 73
6.10 Recommendations ...................................................................................................................... 74
References .................................................................................................................................. 74
Appendix ..................................................................................................................................... 74
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 CHAARA POPULATION PYRAMID .................................................................................... 22
FIGURE 2 AGE DISTRIBUTION ............................................................................................................. 24
FIGURE 3 A PIE CHART SHOWING THE RELIGIONS DISTRIBUTION IN CHAARA ................... 28
FIGURE 4 A PIE CHART SHOWING THE ETHNIC GROUP DISTRIBUTION IN CHAARA
COMMUNITY ................................................................................................................................... 29
FIGURE 5 A BAR CHART SHOWING THE NUMBER AND TYPES OF HOUSES IN CHAARA .... 43
FIGURE 6 BELOW IS A BAR GRAPH SHOWING THE OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF
CHAARA COMMUNITy................................................................................................................... 47
FIGURE 7 A LORENZE CURVE SHOWING INCOME DISTRIBUTION OF THE COMMUNITY ... 57
FIGURE 8 THE DIAGRAM BELOW SHOWS THE ORDER OF THE TRADITIONAL LEADERS IN
CHAARA ............................................................................................................................................ 61
FIGURE 9 PRBLEM TREE ANALYSIS .................................................................................................. 71
FIGURE 10 KINTAMPO SOUTH DISTRICT MAP ................................................................................ 79
FIGURE 11 1 CHAARA COMMUNITY MAP .......................................................................... 78
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE1. 1 MEAN MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE IN
‘OC’ FOR (2010– 2011) ...................................................................................................................... 18
TABLE1. 2 AGE-SEX STRUCTURE ....................................................................................................... 21
TABLE1. 3 AGE DISTRIBUTION............................................................................................................ 23
TABLE1. 4 BELOW IS A TABLE SHOWING THE RELIGIOUS DISTRIBUTION ............................. 28
TABLE1. 5 A TABLE SHOWING ETHNIC GROUP DISTRIBUTION IN CHAARA .......................... 29
TABLE1. 6 TEACHER-PUPIL RATIO ..................................................................................................... 32
TABLE1. 7 ENROLMENT OF PUPILS IN CHAARA R/C PRIMARY 2018/2019. ............................... 33
TABLE1. 8 THE TABLE BELOW GIVES THE BREAKDOWN OF THE NUMBER OF TEXT
BOOKS IN THE SCHOOL. ............................................................................................................... 35
TABLE1. 9 LITEACY RATE IN CHAARA ............................................................................................. 36
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TABLE1. 10 A TABLE SHOWING VARIOUS DISEASES AND THEIR MEDICAL PLANT ............ 41
TABLE1. 11 A TABLE SHOWING VARIOUS BUILDING TYPES IN CHAARA ............................... 42
TABLE1. 12 A TABLE SHOWING VARIOUS FACILITIES IN CHAARA .......................................... 43
TABLE1. 13 THE TABLE BELOW SHOWS THE OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE
CHAARA COMMUNITY .................................................................................................................. 46
TABLE1. 14 CROP AND LIVESTOCK FARMING ................................................................................ 47
Table1. 15 THE TABLE SHOWS THE MAJOR LIVESTOCK REARED IN THE COMMUNITY....... 49
TABLE1. 16 TABLE A TABLE SHOWING THE INCOME DISTRIBUTION OF TWENTY
SAMPLED HOUSEHOLD................................................................................................................. 54
TABLE1. 17 A TABLE SHOOWING THE POVERTY GAP IN THE COMMUNITY .......................... 58
TABLE1. 18 THE TABLE BELOW SHOWS THE OUTCOME OF THE RESULT RANKS ................ 69
TABLE1. 19 THIS IS THE RESPECTIVE SOURCE OF THE VARIOUS PROBLEMS
REPRESENTED IN THE TABLE BELOW ...................................................................................... 69
TABLE1. 20 THE TABLE SHOWS THE SWOT ANALYSIS ................................................................ 72
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EXECUTTIVE SUMMARY
The TTFPP is an essential and compulsory component of the academic curriculum of the
University for Development studies. It draws its justification from the PNDC LAW 279 (1992)
section 3 which mandates the university to blend the academic work with that of the community
in order to provide a detailed interaction between the two for the development of the northern
Ghana in particular and the country as a whole. It involves integrated team of students from
various faculties to live in the community and interact with the people. Based on the nature of the
data collection, the team used methods and techniques such as Personal Interviews, Observations,
Focused Group Discussion, Transect Walk, Community Forum, Key Infomart etc. Chaara
community is in the Kintampo South A district of Bono East Region which lies within latitudes
7.5 ◦ and 8◦ 45′ N and longitude 2⁰ 52′W and 0⁰ 28′E. The population of Chaara is 528 with males
281 representing 53.2% and females 247 representing 46.8%. The major occupation in Chaara is
agriculture. The settlement pattern in the community is nucleated with 81 houses and 4 bore holes
with all the four functioning, and most houses with electrical energy. The community also has one
primary school with no junior high school, the community has no religious houses, but the school
is rather used for their worship grounds. The community has no health facility, they access health
care at Masie health center or Asantekwa or in critical times Kintampo district hospital, which is
about 20 Kilometers from Chaara community.
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PRESENTATION
The community profile of Chaara community in the Kintampo south district in the Bono East
region of Ghana as compiled by group fifty-eight (58) and submitted to the University for
Development Studies (UDS).
COMPOSITION OF GROUP 58
S/N STUDENT ID NAME SEX FACULTIES
1 LAM/0005/18 AGYEI ANKOMAH STANLEY M FPLM
2 RES/0010/18 IDDRISU ABDUL SAMED M FPLM
3 DBS/0090/18 BAAKO EUNICE F SBL
4 DBS/0025/18 MOHAMMED SHERIFF M SBL
5 BCM/0002/18 ADJEI ARAFAT CHRISPIN M SBL
6 DBS/0123/18 BOATENG FRIMPONG M SBL
7 ACF/0025/18 NFOKE MARY F SBL
8 IBS/0076/18 ABDULAI MOHAMMED M SBL
9 IDS/0016/18 BAKUNA SALIFU RASHEED M FIDS
10 IDS/0017/18 MOHAMMED ABDUL JALAL M FIDS
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INTRODUCTION
The University for Development Studies is a well noted for its extraordinary trimester system. The
Third Trimester Field Practical Programme (TTFPP) is different from the first and second trimester
where pure intensive theoretical, library research and laboratory works are carried out on campus.
Students are attached to selected rural communities in Ghana for a period of seven weeks for purely
practical programme. The curriculum of the university draws its jurisdiction from the PNDC LAW
279 (1992) section 3 which mandates the institution to combine academic work with communities
/rural knowledge in order to ensure a better interaction between the two for the total development
of the northern Ghana in particular and the country as a whole. During this period the students live
in the communities to observe, participate and experience rural community life in general and
gather information on various aspects to develop the community.
GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF TTFPP
• Helping students to develop favorable attitude towards working in the rural and deprived
communities.
• Exposing students practically to the nature of the development problems of the northern
Ghana (Upper East, Upper West, Northern and Brong Ahafo regions) and the country.
• Providing useful service to Ghanaian Rural communities through the exchange of
knowledge and its application to address the felt needs and aspirations of these
communities.
• Generating data for further research into problem solving development issues and other
purposes.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF TTFPP
• Equip students with basic tools, techniques and skills required for community studies.
• To introduce students to community studies through living in and working with
communities.
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• Students should marry traditional knowledge with scientific knowledge in their community
studies.
• Assist students apply the methods and the experience acquired to collect relevant data,
analyze the data and on that bases write a comprehensive community profile, problems,
potentials and suggested interventions.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
For the effectiveness and comprehensiveness of any research, techniques and methodologies are
employed. Based on the nature of the data required for these purpose, the following research
methods and techniques were used.
✓ PERSONAL INTERVIEWS
This method was used together with information that was personal to the respondent, such
as health problems, source of income.
✓ OBSERVATION
The technique was employed by the group to observe issues pertaining the enrolment and
sanitation. Observations employed were both structural and unstructured.
✓ FOCUSED GROUP DISCUSION

The chief, clans, heads and other significant leaders of the community who were found to
be abreast with the issues to their community were met. The people briefed the group on
traditional, culture, social and economic issues.
✓ RECONNAISANCE SURVEY.
The group undertook a reconnaissance survey in the community in order to obtain a fair knowledge
and first-hand information of the community.
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✓ SECONDARY DATA.
Visits were made to the District Assembly office at Jema the District capital to collect
secondary data. These include the regional and district maps, relief, drainage, rainfall
pattern and the 2010 population and housing census.
✓ TRANSECT WALK.
A transect walk was taken to ascertain the settlement pattern and identify important
geographical features of the area. The walk also enabled us to draw the community map.
✓ INDIVIDUAL HOME/FARM.
Since the research was conducted in the farming community, it was difficult to meet people
in their homes by the day. We visited some members in their farms and some in the evening
when they came back from their farms. Most of the information gathered
in this manner includes farm and household size, age distribution and counting of the
people (population census).
✓ COMMUNITY FORUM.
The community forum was a method used to meet the group of the community members
for the necessary information needed for the research purpose about the community. Issues
such as problems of the community, some of the suggested solution were at ascertained by
this method.
✓ KEY INFORMAT INTERVIEW.

The identified resource person who played important role by assisting us with the needed
information on the various aspect of our study.
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✓ SAMPLING
This method was used to collect information on income distribution and gather additional
information on population characteristics, educational status, occupational distribution,
migration and religious denomination with the aid of a questionnaire to verify the already
collected data.
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LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES
The major constraints faced the group included the following
i. The rainy season sometimes do not allow us to meet the people in their homes since
sometimes when the group set out to meet the people the rain interrupt.
ii. The group also faced problems in terms of communication that is technical and verbal
since we had no network connection and most of our group mates do not understand
the local dialect. This was a major setback when it was time for dividing the groups
and assigning different rolls towards the research work. Most at times community
members were not willing to answer most of our questions regarding to population
issues because most of them still thought we were government workers after we had
introduced ourselves as students.
iii. Most of the people are farmers. Due to this, they leave their homes very early in the
morning making it difficult for data collection.
iv. Finance: This has been the major constraint of the research work as the group was
stretched beyond its financial limits due to extra cost on travelling for secondary data
and feeding
v. The group also faced problems with mosquito bites which eventually made most of us
ill.
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UNIT ONE
1.1 NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT
1.2 PHYSICAL RESOURCE BASE
1.2.1 LOCATION
Chaara is one of the communities that can be found in the Kintampo South District on the North-
Western part of the Bono East region. It shares boundaries with other neighboring communities
such as Jema the district capital, which is to the north, to the south is Ayorya, to the very Far East
is Mansie and to the extreme west is Asantekwa. The community lies within latitude 7.5 ◦ and 8◦
45′ N and longitude 2⁰ 52′W and 0⁰ 28′E.
1.2.2 RELIEF.
The topography is predominantly undulating with gentle slopes. It slopes gently from the northern
side of the community to the south. There is a high stretch of mountains often known as escarpment
with valleys at the extreme western side which serves as a basin.
1.2.3 DRAINAGE.
The only water body that runs through the community lies and flows across the main street which
lies on the southern part of the community. Due to the underlying nature of the rock formation,
much water is being stored underground which is used in digging boreholes and wells. Also, due
to the gently sloped nature of the community, erosion always takes place exposing rocks.
1.2.4 CLIMATE
The prevailing climatic conditions in the community as well as the district constitute important
parameters for development. The temperature is generally high which has an average of about
24.5⁰C throughout the year. The average maximum temperature is 30.9⁰C and a minimum of
21.2⁰C. The hottest months are February to April.
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TABLE1. 1 MEAN MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE IN

‘OC’ FOR (2010– 2011)
Temperature Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Annual
Mean Max 32.5 34.3 33.7 32.5 31.4 30.1 28.2 28.1 28.7 29.1 30.7 30.8 30.9
Mean Min 19.9 22.0 22.2 22.3 22.3 21.9 21.4 21.0 20.9 20.8 20.9 19.8 21.2
Mean oC 26.2 28.2 28.0 27.4 27.4 26.7 26.7 24.6 24.8 25.3 25.6 25.3 26.1
Source: Ghana Meteorological Service, Kintampo
1.2.5 VEGETATION.
The Chaara community spans the moist semi deciduous forest and the guinea savannah woodland
vegetation zones. The forest is characterized by trees such as, Shea, and timber species like odum,
sapele, wawa, and mahogany. However, the vegetation encourages human activities like farming,
charcoal burning, shea nut picking, and lumbering. The groves in the area show that with
protection, forest in the area can be productive because the soil in the sacred growth appears fertile
compared to soil lying close to the community which is mainly caused by intensive cultivation.
1.2.6 GEOLOGY
The geological and soil formation of the community creates difficulties as far as drilling for water
in the community is concerned. The Birimain formation makes it difficult for drilling of water and
coupled with the low water table in community. The success rate in terms of water drilling is just
about 20% and the soil type is very favorable for the cultivation of yam, cashew and other food
crops. The types of rocks found in the community are sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.
1.2.7 SOIL TYPE

During our transect walk, it was discovered that soil structure was uniform. It consists of sandy,
loamy, and clayey soil. Due to the above soil type, the community grows cassava, yam, cashew,
and groundnut.
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1.2.8 MAJOR FINDINGS.

➢ During our research, it was found out that the climate is not favorable for whole year
farming.
➢ The soil types in the community are generally poor in organic matter, which is not
favorable for a whole year farming activity.
1.3 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE BASE.

1.3.1 PLANTS
The type of plants found in the community is odum, mahogany, klako, sapele, dawadawa.
1.3.2 ANIMALS
The commonest domestic animals found in the community are cattle, sheep, Dogs and goats.
1.3.3 FOREST:
The type of forest within the community is the semi deciduous forest.
1.3.4 MAJOR FINDINGS

 The community rear only domestic animals.
 The commonest forest is the semi deciduous forest.
 No aquatic life exists in the community
1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES.

1.4.1 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT.
Traditional belief systems and human activities tend to regard the land as a reservoir of unlimited
resources. Poor animal husbandry practice has also led to depletion of the vegetative cover
increasing soil erosion and depletion of soil fertility.
1.4.2 BUILT ENVIRONMENT.

In terms of building, there is a gradual improvement in the housing sector in the community. Most
of the traditional house types with earth and thatch are giving way to block houses with zinc and
aluminum roofing sheets. The use cement blocks in the construction of houses has increased
coupled with provision of wide windows has also improved ventilation in the house. This also has
positive implications on health since it will minimize the spread of air borne diseases.
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1.4.3 LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION.

Due to the sloppy nature of the community land is always prone to erosion which really degrades
the nature of the land. Also, due to the poor drainage system of gutters water overflows to cause
erosion.
1.4.4 MAJOR FINDINGS

➢ Due to the extensive system of rearing animals, it causes land degradation (overgrazing)
➢ Inadequate public facilities such as toilet.
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2 UNIT TWO
2.1 POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS
2.2 POPULATION SIZE
A survey conducted by the group came out with a population verdict of 528 comprising of 247
females and 281 males. The male population represents 53.2% while the female population
represents 46.8%.
2.3 AGE-SEX STRUCTURE

TABLE1. 2 AGE-SEX STRUCTURE
AGE GROUP MALES MALES% FEMALES FMALES% TOTAL TOTAL%
0-4 50 17.8 45 18.2 95 18.0

5-9 41 14.6 35 14.2 76 14.4
10-14 50 17.8 21 8.5 71 13.4
15-19 26 9.3 23 9.3 49 9.3
20-24 21 7.5 21 8.5 42 8.0
25-29 15 5.3 24 9.7 39 7.4
30-34 19 6.8 22 8.9 41 7.8
35-39 13 4.6 20 8.1 33 6.3
40-44 14 5.0 7 2.8 21 4.0
45-49 7 2.5 8 3.2 15 2.8
50-54 7 2.5 7 2.8 14 2.7
55-59 6 2.1 2 0.8 8 1.5
60-64 3 1.1 3 1.2 6 1.1
65+ 9 3.2 9 3.6 18 3.4
TOTAL 281 100 247 100 528 100
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2.4 POPULATION PYRAMID

FIGURE 1 CHAARA POPULATION PYRAMID
CHAARA POPULATION PYRAMID

65+
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
20%
10%
0%
10%
20%
MALES % FEMALES %
2.4.1 POPULATION TREND

From the pyramid above it can be observed that birth rate in Chaara is high constituting 18% of
the total population. This could be attributed to the fact that the community lack certain education
and publicity about family planning and child spacing. Also, the lack of social amenities such as
market, entertainment centers, hospitals, etc. have brought about a swift movement of the youth
between the ages of (15-29) from the community to urban centers. From the field survey males
dominate the population of Chaara.
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𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠

Total Percentage of male = 𝑥100
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
= 281
528
𝑥100
= 53.2%
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
Total Percentage of female= = 𝑥100
247
= 𝑥100
528
= 46.8%
TABLE1. 3 AGE DISTRIBUTION
AGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE PERCENTAGES INTERPRETAION

DISTRIBUTION (%)
0-14 242 45.8 INACTIVE
15-64 268 50.8 ACTIVE
65+ 18 3.4 INACTIVE
Total 528 100
SOURCE: Field Survey 2019
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FIGURE 2 AGE DISTRIBUTION
2.5 LABOUR FORCE

Our survey showed that two hundred and sixty-eight (268) of the total population represents the
Labour force in the community which ranges from 15-64. The percentage Labour force is deduced
as follows:
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑓 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒

Percentage of Labour Force = 𝑥100
268
= 𝑥100
528
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= 50.8%
IMPLICATIONS
The percentage of Labour force is high which indicates that work rate is effective and high,
hence a higher productivity. SOURCE: Group Field Survey
2.6 AGE DEPENDENCY RATIO

The Labour force of two hundred and sixty-eight (268) representing 50.8% and two hundred and
sixty (260) representing the dependency rate of 49.2%. The age dependency rate is calculated as:
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑒
Age dependency ratio = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑒
People within the inactive age = (0 − 14) + (65 +)
= 242 + 18
= 260
260
AGE DEPENDENCY RATIO =
268
=1
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 1: 1
The community has an age dependency ratio of 1:1 which implies at least one individual depends
on another. SOURCE: Field Survey
2.7 ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY RATIO:

Economic dependency ratio is given by summing up ages between (0-14, 65+ and some people
within the labour force who are also dependent) all divided by active labour force. The active labor
force is also given by total population minus people with (0-14, 65+ and some people within the
labour force who are not working but are found within the labour force.
The economic dependency ratio is written as:
𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 + 𝑢𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑑
Economic dependency ratio = 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
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260+46
= 268
306
= 268
=1.14
∴ 𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 1 ∶ 1.14
With the above dependency ratio of 1:1.14 it implies at least one person depend economically on
the other.
2.8 POPULATION DENSITY

Population density is defined as the number of people per square kilometer (km2) of unit area of
land. Population density is the total of the community’s population divided by the land size, which
implies
𝒑𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒛𝒆 𝟓𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟕𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒐𝒏𝒔

Pop. Density= = =
𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒊𝒛𝒆 𝟏𝟓 𝒌𝒎 𝒔𝒒𝒅
The population density in community is 27 persons per square kilometer (27persons/km2). This
implies that pressure per every sq. km is low due to the number of persons who occupy it.
2.9 HOUSEHOLD SIZE

A household is defined as a person or a group of persons, who lived together in the same house or
compound and shared the same house-keeping arrangements. In general, a household consisted of
a man, his wife, children and some other relatives or a house help who may be living with them.
The common feature of a household is that they eat from a common pot.
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Household size =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑠
528
=
81
= 6.5
The average household size of 6.5 indicates an average of six (6) people in a household.
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2.10 MIGRATION
Chaara is a community where rural urban migration especially among the youth is on the
increasing rate thus reducing the labour in the community. Many youths have travelled to
Techiman and other big towns for greener pastures.
(SOURCES: GROUP FIELD SURVEY 2019)
2.11 MAJOR FINDINGS

❖ Through our research, it has been noticed that migration is high which has led to reduction
of labour force leading to low productivity.
❖ High population has put pressure on the limited social amenities and services.
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3 UNIT THREE
3.1 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
3.2 RELIGION
There are three main religions practiced in Chaara, namely Christianity, Islam and Africa
Traditional Religion (ATR) with Christianity as the dominant religion, which is practiced mostly
by the indigenous people, a few practices Islam with the least practicing ATR.
TABLE1. 4 BELOW IS A TABLE SHOWING THE RELIGIOUS DISTRIBUTION

RELIGION NUMBER OF PEOPLE PERCENTAGE/%
CHRISTIANITY 401 76
ISLAM 36 7
ATR 78 15
NONE 13 2
TOTAL 528 100
FIGURE 3 A PIE CHART SHOWING THE RELIGIONS DISTRIBUTION IN CHAARA
PIE CHART SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF

RELIGION IN CHAARA
NONE
ATR 2%
15%
ISLAM
7%
CHRISTIANITY
76%
(SOURCE: GROUP FIELD SURVEY 2019)
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3.3 ETHNICITY, KINSHIP, VALUES, TABOOS AND MARRIAGE SYSTEM

3.3.1 ETHNICITY
The people of Chaara belong to the Moo ethnic group and speak the MOO. There are other ethnic
groups such as the Dagaati and Fulani, Tsokosi with the MOO as the dominant ethnic group.
TABLE1. 5 A TABLE SHOWING ETHNIC GROUP DISTRIBUTION IN CHAARA
ETHNIC GROUPS NUMBER OF PEOPLE DEGREE
MOO 311 212
TSOKOSI 106 72
FULANI 58 40
DAGARTI 53 36
TOTAL 528 360
FIGURE 4 A PIE CHART SHOWING THE ETHNIC GROUP DISTRIBUTION IN CHAARA

COMMUNITY
A PIE CHART SHOWING ETHNIC GROUPS

IN CHAARA COMMUNITY
DAGARTI
FULANI
MOO
TSOKOSI
FULANI
MOO
TSOKOSI DAGARTI
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3.3.2 KINSHIP
Chaara though a MOO community does not deny freedom of settlement from other tribes. Critical
examples of some of the settlers one may come across have been captured in table 4. The kinship
system in the community is patrilineal where inheritance and succession is acquired through the
father’s line, therefore endogamous marriage is practiced thus discouraging incest. In addition,
two family types can be found in the extended family being common.
(SOURCES: GROUP FIELD SURVEY 2019)
3.3.3 VALUES
Every group of people has different values that make them special from others. In our daily
activities in the community we realized the people of Chaara are hospitable, sociable, hardworking
and obedient.
3.3.4 TABOOS
In restoring peace, order and development in the community, taboos play a major role when they
are respected. Chaara has its set of taboos. Despite the introduction of Christianity and Islam, they
still believe there should be some African Tradition. Some of the taboos are listed below
❖ Whistling is prohibited in Chaara.

❖ A person with only one eye is not allowed to stay in the community.
❖ Nobody farms on Fridays.
❖ No one is expected to go and fight in the Bush or Forest.
❖ No pulling out of sword or knife on your colleague outside.
❖ Pigs can only be reared only if you can keep them at home. They don’t have to be seen
outside else; they will be killed.
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3.3.5 MARRIAGE SYSTEM

Monogamy is the main marriage system practiced in Chaara. Our field research has shown that
Polygamy is yet to be practiced in the community.
3.4 GENDER ISSUES

Women in Chaara are not left out when it comes to working to build a family in every home. Even
though farming is mostly done among the men, the women also help in farming and food
processing activities like Gari processing, charcoal burning and sheabutter extraction to help build
the uptake of their family. Settlers in the community sometimes beat their wives in the community
not the natives themselves.
3.5 EDUCATION
Chaara community has one primary school that is Chaara R/C primary school from KG1 to
Primary 6 without Junior High School. Chaara has no senior high school, no technical and
vocational institute and no teacher training college.
NAME; Chaara D/A Primary.
MISSION; Self-discipline through quality education.
VISION; Lay Learning foundation for higher learning.
BRIEF HISTORY; The school was established as K.G. in 1989. It was established under the
management unit of the Seventh - day Adventist (S.D.A).
But the primary section wasn’t established under that. The primary section was established in 1994
where it was later managed by the Local Authority (L.A)
Currently, Mr. Ameyaw Francis is the fifth Head teacher of the school.
The total number of staffs in the school is six. Permanently there are four teachers and two
volunteers.
VOLUNTEERS; One from NABCO and the other from the community.
PERMANENT STAFF; they are four and they are all trained teachers.
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TABLE1. 6 TEACHER-PUPIL RATIO
DETAILS TRAINED TEACHERS UNTRAINED TEACHERS TOTAL
Chaara D/A 5 1 6
GRAND TOTAL 5 1 6
3.5.1 TRAINED TEACHER – PUPIL RATIO

Chaara D/A =NUMBER OF PUPIL/NUMBER TEACHER (TRAINED)
= 164/5
= 33
= 1:33
Each teacher approximately handles 33 students
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TABLE1. 7 ENROLMENT OF PUPILS IN CHAARA R/C PRIMARY 2018/2019.
CLASS MALE FEMALE TOTAL PERCENTAGE STAFF

(%)
KG1 20 19 39 23.8 TRAINED UNTRAINED
KG2 18 11 29 17.7 5 1
PRIMARY 1 12 10 22 13.4
PRIMARY 2 11 5 16 7.8
PRIMARY 3 12 8 20 12.2
PRIMARY 4 10 5 15 9.1
PRIMARY 5 11 7 18 11
PRIMARY 6 5 0 5 3.0
GRAND TOTAL 99 65 164 100 5 1
Source: Group Field Survey 2019
From the table above the number of people in the community who have been educated are 61 and
those in KG and primary levels are 20 and 36 representing 32.78% and 59.02% respectively. It’s
evident from the table that girls are not able to further their education to the Senior High School
and Tertiary level due to early marriages and financial constraints which cut a stir on girl child
education.
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3.5.2 SCHOOL DROPOUT RATE

Dropout rate is calculated by subtracting the enrolment of the current from the previous years,
divided by the enrolment of the previous year x 100%
From table 6,
Dropout rate = (338-314)/338 x100%
=7.1% dropout for Chaara Primary School
3.5.3 EDUCATIONAL STATUS

It was realized that most people in the community are illiterates. Due to poor attitude of parents
towards formal education, most of the pupils end their education at the basic level. Only few can
advance into Senior High School and tertiary institutions. Most parents in the community are self-
employed in the agricultural sector. As a result of this majority of the parents would want their
children to extend a helping hand after school. This affects the output of the children at school.
3.5.4 CONDITION OF SCHOOL

BUILDING
The school is built with blocks and do not have enough classes to accommodate pupils. However,
the school have a teacher’s quarters for the teachers.
FURNITURE
The students have not got enough furniture for the pupils. Most of the children carry stools to use
in school
TEXTBOOKS
According to the headmaster and the teachers in the school, the textbooks used in teaching them
are insufficient and outmoded. Hence it does not meet the standard of the recent educational
system. The only support they had was world vision coming to their aid to support them with some
textbooks.
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TABLE1. 8 THE TABLE BELOW GIVES THE BREAKDOWN OF THE NUMBER OF TEXTBOOKS
IN THE SCHOOL.
CLASS CITIZEN. E ENGLISH. L MATHS RME SCIENCE GH. LAN TOTAL
P1 4 7 2 1 1 3 18
P2 4 7 2 1 3 4 21
P3 1 2 1 3 4 0 11
P4 3 3 2 4 6 5 23
P5 4 3 2 1 4 3 17
P6 3 4 5 2 2 4 20
TOTAL: 110
3.6 WATER AND SANITATION

The school have no borehole which make it very difficult for the pupils to get good drinking water.
Some pupils also use it an excuse to run away from school. With the sanitation the school has a
spacious environment which is always kept clean. World vision has also constructed a KVIP for
the school which is yet to be commissioned.
3.7 NON-FORMAL EDUCATION

Most people in Chaara both old and young like to learn certain patterns of behavior from each
other to enhance togetherness which is mostly acquired through personal observation and not
necessarily thought in schools. Even though there is no non-formal education in Chaara the young
and old learn from each other.
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3.8 LITERACY RATE

The literacy rate in Chaara is very low since most of the adults have not been educated. The table
below shows the literacy and illiteracy rate in Chaara community
TABLE1. 9 LITEACY RATE IN CHAARA
LITERATE TOTAL % ILLITERATE TOTAL % % TOTAL
MALE 202 60.8 MALE 127 64.8
FEMALES 130 39.2 FEMALE 69 35.2
TOTAL 332 62.9 TOTAL 196 37.1
TOTAL 528
POPULATION
3.8.1 TREND OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PUPIL

The academic performance of the pupils in Chaara due to the following reasons:
❖ Inadequate teaching and learning materials.

❖ Poor supervision and monitoring.
❖ Negative attitude of parents towards education.
❖ Laziness of pupils.
3.8.2 POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES IN THE EDUCATION SECTOR

CHALLENGES
❖ The school do not benefit from the school feeding programme.

❖ Inadequate furniture and textbooks for the school.
❖ Refusal of teachers to accept postings in the community.
❖ Limited Classrooms.
❖ The school is understaffed.
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❖ Inadequate furniture for studying.

❖ Lack of teaching and learning materials
❖ No light in school and teachers’ quarters.
❖ Parent’s inability to support pupils.
POTENTIALS AND INTERVENTIONS
❖ The group suggests that bungalows must be built for teachers in the community.
❖ There should be school feeding programme.
❖ The group also suggests that a borehole should be fixed in the school.
3.9 HEALTH
Chaara has no health center nor any kind of health facility, the people access health care at Mansie
which ten kilometers from Chaara community is about. This facility is being run by the government
through the Ghana Health Service. They provide primary health care and curative services. The
health center is being administered by the principal health assistant assisted by one of the health
assistances and one mid-wife. The people of Chaara finds it difficult to access health care hence
going to Mansie to access health delivery, in cases of emergencies Kintampo is the only place they
could go which is a bit far from the community.
PHARMACEUTICAL FACILITIES
Chaara community does not have any health center nor any Pharmaceutical facility. But in Mansie,
we have two Pharmaceutical facilities in the community
DOCTOR TO PATIENT RATIO
There is no doctor in the community.
NURSE TO PATIENT RATIO
An average of (11) patients visit the health center per day. This is calculated by dividing the
number of patients by the number of nurses.
Nurse – patient ratio = Number of patients/Number of nurses.
=11/3 = 3.7
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=1:3.7
Therefore, one nurse is to three (3) patients.
FERTILITY AND MORTALITY RATE
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ

Fertility rate= 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑔𝑒 × 100
=
1,439
Data could not be obtained from the facility, because such information is not available
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠
Mortality rate = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
= × 100
=%
Data could not be obtained from the facility, because such information is not
available
3.9.1 PREVALENT DISEASES

A study conducted by the group concluded that the following are the top ten (10) diseases in the
community.
❖ Malaria
❖ Rheumatism (Arthritis)
❖ Skin infection (Conjunctivitis)
❖ Diarrhoea
❖ Chest infections
❖ Eye infections
❖ STDs
❖ Ear infections
❖ Foot root
❖ Fever
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3.9.2 STATE AND CONDITIONS OF THE HEALTH FACILITY

The Mansie community health center is upright structure that serves as a clinic for the community
and currently in a good shape.
3.9.3 COMMUNITY TRADITONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT

NAME: ABENA BONFE.
POSITION: TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTEBDANT.
The community has one Traditional birth attendant because there is no midwife in the community.
For this reason, there is no permanent place for child delivery. During our interaction with her (the
traditional birth attendant), she told us that whenever a woman is in labour she is called upon to
the exercise in the house. She was the only person from Chaara who decided to learn this work.
She went to the Black Volta thus, before getting to BAMBOI to learn this work. Later, they were
then sent to KINTAMPO for training too and that was around 1990. She was taught some things
like hoto know when a woman is ready to deliver. Thus, when the woman is ready to deliver you
can see it from her stomach and when you touch her private part too you can see she is ready to
deliver. But now, the work is no more effective unlike those days there were no cars for the
pregnant women to be transferred to the hospital. Now a days, they the TBAS have been advised
that, if they get a woman in labor, they should just bring them to the hospital. Because of the
hospital matters, the last time she helped a woman in labor at chaara is more than a year today.
Miss ABENA BONFE has a legal certificate and a license which she used in working as a TBA in
chaara community. Ever since she started the work no child died in her custody. The only price
she could get was after the delivery, the woman can decide to bring you a bar of soap thus, if she
loves you as she said but not all the women did that. There was no fee to be paid when she delivers
a child.
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3.9.4 TRADITIONAL HEALERS

There are only two traditional healers in the community, unfortunately one was quite busy and
could not be reached. With the group’s personal interviews, Afrey Donkor spoke to us. According
to him he inherited the healing powers from his grandfather and was later carried to the mountains
by dwarfs for some time. In his return he was vested with all the necessary skills and powers as a
healer should possess. Some of the diseases and medical plants are illustrated in the table below
NAME; Afrey Donkor
SICKNESS;
Epilepsy: A big red cock and 70cedis and any alcohol wine
Impotency: A big red cock, 100cedis and a full bottle of akpeteshie.
Bone disease: You first bring 20cedis, but if you get healed you will come back for
thanksgiving.
A child above 2 years who cannot walk or crawl: When a child cannot walk any color of a cock
and 10cedis.
People cut trees and the trees hunt them that one too can be cured: 10cedis and a big cock any
color is accepted.
Pregnant women who give birth to sick children (Caused by deer or antelopes): 10cedis and
a big cock which any color is accepted.
Chest pains: A big cock any color, 30cedis and any local wine but not akpeteshie.
Ear problem: You first pay any amount of your choice beginning from 5cedis upwards. But
after that you come for thanksgiving with a big cock (any color) and any amount.
Gonorrhea: 10cedis. Thanksgiving is any amount of your choice and a big cock (any color).
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Menstrual pains: You will be giving some herbs to drink. After a success, you will bring a big
red cock and 50cedis.A child who have been giving sickness at birth or after birth: 10cedis,
blue dye, 1 cigarette stick, akpeteshie one tot and a new calabash.
A farmer who wants improvement in his farm and crop: A big red cock and 30cedis. After
success in the improvement you are required to come and thank him with a goat, a big red
cock and any amount of your choice.
A woman who always losses her child during birth: A big cock (any color) and 50cedis.
Measles: A big cock (any color) and 20cedis.
FEE CHARGING: After paying for the medicines thus, the amount by each disease. You
must come for thanksgiving and that’s all.
TABLE1. 10 A TABLE SHOWING VARIOUS DISEASES AND THEIR MEDICAL PLANT
DISEASES MEDICAL PLANTS
FEVER NEEM TREE
SORE THROAT MANGO
STOMACHACHE NYAMEDUA
TYPHOID MORIGA
WAIST PAIN MAHOGANY PLUS GINGER
3.10 POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES IN THE HEALTH CENTER

POTENTIALS
❖ The health center makes it easy for the people to relieve primary health care.
❖ Carry out durbars to educate they people on health issues.
❖ Students screening.
❖ Forming an association for the aged concerning health.
❖ School health education.
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CHALLENGES
❖ There is no nutrition center

❖ There is no doctor
❖ The health center lacks enough space to accommodate many patients
❖ Poor means of transport.
❖ Inadequate staff
3.11 HOUSING
The group recorded a total number of Eighty-one (81) houses during the survey, only a few of
them are built with mud and roofed with thatch (grasses). The community is dominated by single
houses due to the practice of the nuclear family system. Land for building houses are acquired
from the family’s property
TABLE1. 11 A TABLE SHOWING VARIOUS BUILDING TYPES IN CHAARA

BUILDING TYPE NUMBER OF HOUSES
Sand crate With Aluminum zinc 58
Sand crate With Thatch 15
Blocks with Aluminum Zinc 8
TOTAL 81
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FIGURE 5 A BAR CHART SHOWING THE NUMBER AND TYPES OF HOUSES IN CHAARA
A Bar chat Showing The Numbers And Types Of

Houses In Chaara
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Sandcrate With Sandcrate With Blocks With
Aluminium Zinc Thatch Aluminium Zinc
TYPES OF FACILTIES IN THE HOUSES
During the group survey, it was realized that most of the houses were having either one or two of
the facilities with few houses having all the facilities. Quite a few houses had none of the facilities
TABLE1. 12 A TABLE SHOWING VARIOUS FACILITIES IN CHAARA
TYPES OF FACILITIES NUMBER OF HOUSES
ELECTRICITY 75
KITCHEN 34
BATH HOUSE 60
TOILET 1
3.11.1 ROOM OCCUPANCY RATE

It is calculated by dividing the total number of people by the total of number of rooms.
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒
Mathematically =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑚𝑠
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528
=
81
= 6.5
3.11.2 PROPERTY OWNERSHIP

During our group survey, out of eighty-one (81) households, only four households were tenant
occupiers. The remaining seventy-seven were noted to be household owner occupiers.
3.11.3 STATE OF HOUSES IN THE COMMUNITY

During the household counting, the group observed that most of the houses were well constructed
with firm foundation and in a linear pattern, leaving the few ones in a deplorable condition mostly
occupied by the old.
3.11.4 HOUSING PROBLEMS IN THE COMMUNITY

During our group survey, it was found out that most of the houses do not have toilet, bath house
and kitchen.
3.12 WATER AND SANITATION

WATER
The main sources of drinking water in the community are the boreholes and the well. Chaara
community has four (4) bore holes with all the four of them functioning.
PEOPLE - BOREHOLE RATIO
Mathematically = total population/total number of boreholes functioning
= 528/4
=132
= 1:132
This implies that one borehole is to 132 people.
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The four functioning boreholes are positioned in such a way that, they people will have to walk
about 1 kilometer to fetch water but meet the demands of many houses although the four is far
from the community. It is their hope that, the boreholes could be situated in the community.
SANITATION
In the group’s personal observation, it was found out that waste substances are disposed
indiscriminately. Meaning there is poor waste management in the community. Due to the absence
of well-constructed gutters, rainwater flows freely on the bare soil leading to soil erosion in the
community.
3.12.1 PROBLEMS OF SANITATION IN THE COMMUNITY

❖ The community lacks public toilet.
❖ There is no refuse dump in the community
❖ Due to the sloppy nature of the community there is rampant soil erosion
3.13 MAJOR FINDINGS

❖ Inadequate staff in school leading to poor performance
❖ There is no health center in the community have access to health care delivery.
❖ Malaria is the commonest disease that attacks people in the community.
❖ Christians dominate in the community.
❖ Despite the heterogeneous religions in the community there is peace and tolerance in the
community.
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4 UNIT FOUR
4.1 Economic Development
4.2 Employment Status
Most inhabitants are self-employed with farming being their main stay of employment. There are
also few traders in the community who sell assorted drinks.
4.2.1 Potential Labour Force

Through our research on population census we found out that the potential labour force ranges
between the ages of 15-64 years. We also found out that out of the total population of five hundred
and twenty-eighty (528), two hundred and sixty-eight (268) are the main potential labour force.
Also, the number of inactive labour force falls between the ages of 0-14 and 65+. The number of
inactive labour force in Chaara is two hundred and sixty (260).
4.2.2 Unemployment rate

Through our research we found out that the numbers of unemployed people during the dry season
are mainly farmers from the group field survey with respect to occupational distribution. It was
realised that the labour force and some of the aged engaged in trading.
4.2.3 OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION

TABLE1. 13 THE TABLE BELOW SHOWS THE OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE
CHAARA COMMUNITY
OCCUPATION NUMBER OF PEOPLE PERCENTAGE
AGRICULTURE 230 78.50
HAIR DRESSING 5 1.71
TEACHING 3 1.02
INDUSTRY 52 17.75
DRESS MAKING 3 1.02
TOTAL 293 100
Source: Group Field Survey
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FIGURE 6 BELOW IS A BAR GRAPH SHOWING THE OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF

CHAARA COMMUNITY
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00 78.50
30.00
20.00
10.00 17.75
1.71 1.02 1.02
0.00
AGRICULTURE HAIR TEACHING INDUSTRY DRESS
DRESSING MAKING
𝑢𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑒𝑑
Unemployment rat𝑒 = 𝑥100
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
46
= 𝑥100
528
=8.71%
4.3 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
4.4 EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE
Agriculture is the backbone of the people in Chaara in terms of economic activities. The survey
conducted by the group revealed that 91.5% of the working force is engaged in agriculture. The
farmers in the community cultivate various crops and rear many livestock.
TABLE1. 14 CROP AND LIVESTOCK FARMING
FARMING NUMBER OF PEOPLE EXAMPLES
Crop framing 450 guinea corn, millet, groundnut,

beans, Pepper, okra, yam
Livestock farming 78 sheep, goat, cattle, local foul,

guinea fowl, and turkey
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4.4.1 LAND ACQUISITION AND OWNERSHIP

Chaara community has laid down rules guiding the acquisition of land. Land is owned by the
community and held in trust by the traditional leader. Land for agricultural activities is however
acquired through inheritance. Women are not allowed to own land; they rather work on land
allocated to them by their husbands.
4.4.2 FARMING SYSTEM

The farming systems practised in Chaara include the following:
Mixed farming: This is a system of farming in which a farmer rears animal and cultivates crops
at the same time on the same piece of land, the farmers use manure from the animals to fertilise
the soil and use some of the farm produce to feed the animals
Mixed cropping: This is a farming system in which the farmer cultivates different types of crops
at the same time.
4.4.3 Farming practices

The farm practices adopted by the farmers include; manuring, nursing, weeding ridges and free
range of housing animals etc.
4.4.4 Farm Size

Individual farmers in Chaara own about six (6) acres of farmland.
4.4.5 Types of labour

The type of labour force is the family system. Farmers use local tools such as hoes, cutlasses, and
local fertilizers such as cow dung and green manure. Few farmers use tractors in farming.
4.4.6 Source of finance

The sources of finance for agricultural production in the community include individual means,
contribution from family members and borrowing.
4.4.7 Access to Agricultural extension service

The community has no access to agricultural extension services.
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4.4.8 Major crops grown in output level

The crops grown in the community include; yam, groundnut and guinea corn
4.4.9 Distance from Homestead to farm

Averagely the distance from their homes to their farms is about three (3) kilometres. Most of them
walk to their farms but few use bicycles or motorbikes.
4.4.10 Storage of Produce

The farmers use local means of storing their farm produce. They include storing in sacks, local
barns and storing in rooms.
4.4.11 MARKETING OF FARM PRODUCE

The community has no market centre. Farm products are sent to Subinsu and Kintampo during
bumper harvest. Due to lack of co-operatives and market associations, there are always price
fluctuations existing in market centres.
4.4.12 ANIMAL PRODUCTION

Through the group field survey livestock keeping is another major agricultural activity in the
community. Domestic animals include; goat, sheep, cattle, dogs, pig’s guinea fowls, turkeys etc.
Table1. 15 THE TABLE SHOWS THE MAJOR LIVESTOCK REARED IN THE COMMUNITY
ANIMALS SCIENTIFIC NAME DISEASES
Sheep Ovisaries Anthrax, Foot root and mouthy

rot
Fowl Gallusqullus domestic Coccidiosis, new Castle, anthrax,

foot and mouth rot
Cattle Bosindicus Foot and mouth rot, anthrax,

mastitis
Turkey Melegrisgallopavo Bird flu, New castle gamboro

coccidiosis
Dog Cannistamiliaris Rabies
Source: Field Survey
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4.4.13 OUTPUT LEVEL

The output level of animals in Chaara is very low due to the poor feeding, housing and diseases
and pest infections.
4.4.14 VETERINARY SERVICE OFFICER

Throughout our research we found out that the people of Chaara community enjoy veterinary
services from Kintampo South District periodically. However, the veterinary service officer to
farmer ratio is 1:10116
4.4.15 MARKETING
Livestock production in the community is based on both commercial and subsistence consumption.
Animals are sent periodically to Subinsu and Kintampo markets to be sold.
4.4.16 AGRICULTURAL SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS

Throughout our research we noticed there are no agricultural supporting institutions in the
community. Due to this, financing has been a major problem to farmers in Chaara. They depend
on the little money they get at the end of the farming season whiles others depend on personal
savings and support from family members.
4.4.17 POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES

POTENTIALS
• There is vast land for agricultural activities
• There is enough foliage for livestock rearing
• Cattle can be used for labour in the community
CHALLENGES
• Inadequate finances
• Lack of storage facilities for farmers
• Lack of irrigational facilities
• Lack of agricultural supporting units or institutions and organisations
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4.5 INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES

Apart from agriculture, which is the major economic activity in the community, the people also
engage in other equally important economic ventures such as Gari processing and Shea butter
processing
4.5.1 SHEA BUTTER PROCESSING

Shea butter is the major type of oil that is produced and used in Chaara community. The Raw
materials used in Shea butter processing include Shea nuts, water and firewood. The source of raw
materials is their farms where the shea nuts are picked with hands under the shea tress, firewood
is also collected from the farms and water from the nearby well or borehole
4.5.2 PROCESS OF PRODUCTION

• Ripped Shea fruits are eaten, and the seeds are gathered together.
• The seeds are boiled together with their coat until the color of the seeds becomes brown,
then it is kept in the sun dry.
• The seeds are cracked to remove the coats.
• These seeds are further cracked and sent for milling.
• The milled Shea nut is then baked until begins to compact.
• This is again dried in the sun.
• It is then sent for final milling to obtain the paste.
• Water is then added to the Shea paste and stirred heavily until the oil comes to surface in
the form of foam.
• It is then collected into a pot; thus, the foam is boiled until the water evaporates.
• The oil currently is in the liquid state with debris at the bottom.
• The oil is collected and allowed to cool down to be molded into marketable sizes.
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4.5.3 SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES

• They dehydrate the Shea nut by spreading it in the sun.
• Adding heat to boil extract the nutrients from the sun.
• Allowing the solid to settle is sedimentation.
• Separating of oil from water by evaporation.
• Separating of oil from the debris is filtration.
• Changing oil from liquid state to solid state is solidification.
4.5.4 FINANCING
The industry is self-financed.
4.5.5 OWNERSHIP
The industry is owned and controlled individually.
4.5.6 MARKETING
The producers of Shea butter sell their produce in their homes and sometimes send to the Kintampo
or Subinso central market.
4.5.7 STRENGTH
• Because the industry is self-financed, they have very little capital in operating their
industries and therefore small scaled.
• The demand of Shea butters is very high because it is the major source of oil in the
community.
4.5.8 IMPORTANCE OF SHEA BUTTER
• Shea butter is used for cooking and other domestic purposes.
• It generates income for Shea butter producers
• It serves as source of employment for most of the women in the community.
• The by-product is used for plastering the houses and setting fire in the community.
PROBLEMS
• Inadequate capital to expand their business.

• Producers are exposed to head and smoke which is harmful to their health.
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• There is not ready market for their produce.

TYPES OF LABOUR
The industry is operated by skilled labour
4.5.9 SUGGESTED ALTERNATIVE METHOD

• The use of a Shea butter processing industry in the extraction of Shea butter
• Educating Shea butter producers on scientific technology to be used in Shea butter
production.
4.6 COMMERCE AND SERVICES
Per our group field survey, we found out that that the major commercial activity is the buying and
selling of farm products. Moreover, the major services activities in the community are the use of
bull for ploughing. There are about six (6) people involved in commercial service activities.
4.6.1 MARKET
Chaara has no market centre. The people resort to the market centre at Subinso to sell their products
on market days. Market days falls on six days intervals.
4.6.2 FINANCING AND BANK SERVICES

Chaara community has neither banks nor formal savings union. However, traditional savings is
practised in the community.
4.6.3 TOURISM
The community has no tourist site
POTENTIALS
• There is adequate land for infrastructures such as market, clinic etc.
CHALLENGES
• Lack of credit facilities
• Lack of market in the community
• Illiteracy
• Inadequate technical know how
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4.7 HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE

4.7.1 HOUSEHOLD INCOME
The major source of income per household is derived from the major economic activity in the
community which are the cultivation of crops and rearing of animals (Farming). Trading by women
is also another source of income
TABLE1. 16 TABLE A TABLE SHOWING THE INCOME DISTRIBUTION OF TWENTY SAMPLED

HOUSEHOLD
HOUSEHO OCCUPATI ANNUAL QUINTILE CUMULATI QUINTILE CUMULATI

LD ON INCOME INCOM ON VE ON VE QUITILE
E PER HOUSEHO QUINTILE INCOME
UNIT LD
MAJOR ON ON
GH¢ (%) HOUSEHOL (%) INCOME
D (%)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 FARMING 100 1.9
2 FARMING 100 1.9
3 FARMING 100 1.9 20 20 7.8 7.8
4 FARMING 110 2.1
5 FARMING 140 2.7
6 FARMING 160 3.0
7 FARMING 160 3.0
8 FARMING 170 3.2 20 40 11.9 19.7
9 FARMING 180 3.4
10 FARMING 190 3.6
11 FARMING 200 3.8 20 60 14.6 34.3
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12 FARMING 200 3.8
13 FARMING 250 4.7
14 FARMING 300 5.7
15 FARMING 320 6.1 20 80 24.1 58.3
16 FARMING 400 7.6
17 FARMING 400 7.6
18 FARMING 500 9.5
19 FARMING 550 10.4 20 100 41.7 100
20 FARMING 750 14.2
TOTAL 5280 100 100
4.7.2 INCOME DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS

Total income
➢ Average Annual Income =
Sampled household
5,280
= 20
= GHȻ264.00
From table 1.16
Total income for 20 sampled household is GH¢ 5,280.00
Average anual income

Average monthly income =
Total number of months in a year
264
=
12
= GHȻ 22.00
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Total households
TOTAL ANNUAL INCOME IN THE COMMUNITY = × Total sampled annual income
Sampled household
81
= ×5280
20
=GHȻ21,384.00
Total annual income

PER CAPITAL INCOME =
Total population
21,384
= 528
=GHȻ 40.5
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FIGURE 7 A LORENZE CURVE SHOWING INCOME DISTRIBUTION OF THE COMMUNITY
LORENZ CURVE SHOWING INCOME

DISTRIBUTION IN CHAARA
100
90
CUMULATIVE QUINTILES ON HOUSEHOLD
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 Poverty Gap
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
CUMULATIVE QUINTILES N INCOME
To measure the Gini-coefficient in the community, we calculated for the ratio of the income
received by the second quintile (40%) and the first quintile (20%) of the population. The higher
the ratio, the lesser the Gini-coefficient and the lower the ratio the higher the Gini-coefficient
𝑇𝑜𝑝 40%
Gini-coefficient =
Bottom 20%
11.9
= 41.7
= 0.29
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4.7.3 POVERTY GAP

The poverty gap is calculated by subtracting all household income less than the poverty line from
the average annual income
TABLE1. 17 A TABLE SHOOWING THE POVERTY GAP IN THE COMMUNITY
INCOME LEVELS LESS THAN AVERAGE ANNUAL INCOME (GHC)

INCOME (GHC)
264 – 100 164
264 – 100 164
264 – 100 164
264 – 110 154
264 – 140 124
264 – 160 104
264 – 160 104
264 – 170 94
264 – 180 84
264 – 190 74
264 – 200 64
264 – 200 64
264 – 250 14
TOTALS GHs 1,372
This implies that for the income level of every household in Chaara to be equal, an
amount of GHC1, 372 is needed to raise those below the poverty line
Household below the poverty line =

𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 𝐻𝑂𝑈𝑆𝐸𝐻𝑂𝐿𝐷 × 𝑁𝑈𝑀𝐵𝐸𝑅 𝑂𝐹 𝑆𝐴𝑀𝑃𝐿𝐸 𝐻𝑂𝑈𝑆𝐸𝐻𝑂𝐿𝐷 𝐵𝐸𝐿𝑂𝑊 𝑇𝐻𝐸 𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐸𝑅𝑇𝑌 𝐿𝐼𝑁𝐸
𝑁𝑈𝑀𝐵𝐸𝑅 𝑂𝐹 𝐻𝑂𝑈𝑆𝐸𝐻𝑂𝐿𝐷 𝑆𝐴𝑀𝑃𝐿𝐸𝐷
81×13 1053
= = = 52.7 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑠
20 20
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4.8 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

4.8.1 TRANSPORT
The major mode of transport in Chaara is by tricycle, motorbike or bicycle. The type of road in the
community is a feeder road in unfavourable condition. There are no G.P.R.T.U, offices lorry parks
and bus stops. There are inadequate vehicles to convoy the people from their homes to market
centres unless market days.
4.8.2 COMMUNICATION
The community has no information centre, post office and telephone booths. However, some few
people in the community have mobile phone to facilitate their means of communication. In the
community, the networks that are available is MTN AND AIRTELTIGO, and even that one is
only some spots that you can access the network.
4.9 ENERGY
The major sources of energy in the community include the sun and fuel such as firewood. Through
our research, we found out that most households use electricity with few having no lights.
However, some of the problems confronting energy in the community are lack of hydroelectric
power and solar panels.
Source: Group field survey and

District Assembly (JEMA)
4.10 MAJOR FINDINGS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

• High amount of sunshine to dry their clothes and farm produce
• The community lacks market centres
• Majority of people engage in agricultural activities to generate income
• There are no speed rams which leads to accident as a result of over speeding
Source: Field survey 2019
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5 UNIT FIVE
5.1 HISTORICAL AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE
5.2 Historical development of the community
Chaara is a farming community which located in the Kintampo south District of Brong Ahafo
Region found in the south-western part of Sabule. There are four main ethnic groups in the
community. The most dominant ethnic group which is Moo is believed to be migrated from Sisala
in the Upper west region of Ghana. The Moo people speak “Dega”. The name moo was given to
us by the Asantes after they helped in defeating their enemies in a certain war. The “Moo “means
“Thank You”. Chaara in Dega means “sweep “. This emanated after they were unable to be
enslaved by the Asantes. The Asantes empowered them to sweep their dwelling place and settle.
The name of the Chief of Chaara is Nana Kwabena Kombe II. He has been ruling the community
since 1972 till date. He is also recognized as the Nifahene of the Moo-Traditional area. Nana
Kwabena Kombe II has three sub-chiefs under him. They were with the Sisaala’s sometime ago in
the Sissala Township in the North. They Migrated with them from the Sissala Township and on
their way, they fought till they got to the Chaara community and found at that place was good for
their settlement.
5.3 TRADITIONAL POLITICAL SYSTEM/AUTHORITY

Nkwanta Chief known as Nana Anane Frimpong, Weila Chief known as Nana Saluba II, and the
Sabule Chief also known as Nana Yaw Dumpo II. Aside these three sub-chiefs, the chief of Chaara
also has an additional Chief under him who is also known as Nana Ankama Busie and he is the
chief of Beebu Village. Inheritance of chieftaincy in Chaara lays on only one Family in the
community. The Chief’s own son cannot inherit his Father unless the Chief’s elder brother or
younger brother’s son. The chief oversees all lands in the community. To acquire a land in Chaara,
you must go along with a bottle of wine to see the chief before you start conversing with him.
Lands are not for sale in the community but can be given to you for some number of years. Number
of years you can owe a land in Chaara depends on what you intend to use the land for.
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FIGURE 8 THE DIAGRAM BELOW SHOWS THE ORDER OF THE TRADITIONAL LEADERS IN
CHAARA
CHIEF
KYEAME
THE ABAKOMAHENE
THE MBRATIE HENE
UNIT COMMITEE
COMMUNITY MEMBERS
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5.4 Modern Political Structure and Function

Kintampo South District of which Chaara is a part of, has a well-structured modern political
system established under the local government act 1988 PNDC law 207. The country’s
decentralization policy at the local level creates an avenue for the people to participate in the
decision-making process in the district especially at the grass root level. This system is made up
of the district authority, assembly members, unit committee members, chief and elders as well as
community members. Chaara as it stands has a well-structured political system with an assembly
man who steers the affairs of the community.
The modern political structure and functions
The modern political system in the community comprises of the assembly man and the unit
committee. The assembly man serves as the middleman between the district assembly and the
community whiles the unity committee supports the assembly man in his work in the community.
Below is the oregano gram depicting the modern political system.
DISTRICT ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY MAN
UNIT COMMITTEE
COMMUNITY MEMBERS
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5.4.1 DISTRICT ASSEMBLY

The Kintampo South District is one of the twenty-seven (27) districts in the Brong Ahafo Region
of Ghana. It was created by Legislative Instrument (LI) 1781 and was duly inaugurated on 24 th
August 2004.
5.4.2 Location and Size

The District lies within longitudes 10 20’ West and 2010’ West and latitude 80 15’ North and 70 45’
North. It shares boundaries with Kintampo North District to the North, to the South by Nkoranza,
Techiman North and South Districts, to the East by Atebubu and Pru Districts and to the West by
Wenchi District. The district covers an area of about 1,513.34 km2representing approximately
3.8% and 0.6 % of the surface area of Brong Ahafo Region. And Ghana respectively and comprises
about 122 settlements. The implication is that the district has a very vast space for both farming
and other activities. The district is about 115 kilometres from Sunyani the regional capital in the
southern part of the district.
5.4.3 FUNCTIONS OF THE ASSEMBLY

With reference to Section 10 of the Local Government Act, 1993, Act 462, the District Assembly
shall exercise political and administrative authority in the District, provide guidance and give
direction to and supervise all other administrative authorities in the District. In addition, it shall
carry out deliberative, legislative and executive functions as listed below;
• It is responsible for the overall development of the District and shall ensure the preparation
and submission of development plans and budget for the District through the Regional
Coordinating Council to the Minister of Finance for approval.
• It formulates and executes plans, programs and strategies in other to effectively mobilize
all resource necessary for sustainable development in the District.
• The Assembly promotes and supports productive activity and social development while
removing any obstacle to initiatives and development.
• It initiates programs for the development of basic infrastructure and provides works and
services in the District.
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• It is responsible for sustainability with reference to development, improvement and

management of Human Settlements and the environment in the District.
• It is responsible for the maintenance of security in the District in co-operation with
appropriate national and local security agencies.
• It also promotes justice by ensuring the ready access to courts in the District.
5.4.4 TOWN/AREA COUNCIL

FUNCTIONS OF THE TOWN/AREA COUNCIL
• Mobilization of revenue for the development of the Area.

• It serves as a mouthpiece of the area to the District Assembly.
• It serves as the Administrative Unit of the Community.
5.4.5 UNIT COMMITTEE

FUNCTIONS OF THE UNIT COMMITTEE
• It helps in the dissemination of information to the grassroots.

• It also takes decision on developmental issues.
• They support sub-Districts in the mobilization of revenue.
(SOURCE: DISTRICT ASSEMBLY)

5.5 INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN THE MODERN AND TRADITIONAL
SYSTEM
The interrelation between the modern and traditional institutions can be described as an ideal
model, for instance, chiefs collaborate with the district assembly through the assembly man and
area council to bring about development in the area. They also supervise and support development
projects initiated by the district assembly through communal labour. They also ensure peace and
tranquillity in the community as well as addressing the grievances of the people.
5.6 DECISION-MAKING
As a well-structured traditional-political system that Chaara falls under, important decisions are
taken right from the top of the hierarchy especially with issues that affect the surrounding
communities and hence the whole district at large. Other issues are handled by the traditional
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leaders together with the elders of the community. Some prominent community members (males)
are at times involved and at last information with firm decision taken is disseminated.
5.7 GENDER RELATED ISSUES

Throughout our research in the community, it was noted that men played major roles in decision
making processes due to the pattern of inheritance. Males are therefore the head of every family.
In the case of farming males plough with the hoe and the cutlass while females’ plant or sow and
both weed.
5.8 NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

There is non-governmental organisation that is operating in the community known as World
Vision. This organisation has been operating in the community for the past five years. Some of the
developmental projects undertaken in the community are as follows
• The construction of two boreholes in the community

• The construction of a four- seater KVIP for the community school.
• And provided a good number of textbooks to enhance teaching and learning in the
school.
SOURCE: W ORLD VISION
However, there are also community-initiated programs on-going projects in the community. One
major project that is ongoing is the construction of a pavilion for pupils in KG. The community
has also employed an additional teacher preferably a female teacher to handle the KG CHILDREN.
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6 UNIT SIX
6.1 COMMUNITY PROBLEMS AND POTENTIALS EMANATING FROM
THE COMMUNITY PROFILE
6.2 NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT
PROBLEMS
• Poor Drainage System
• Erratic rainfall pattern
• Unfavourable weather condition (Temperature)
Potentials
• Available pasture for livestock rearing
• Existence of swampy area for rice production
• Available lands for commercial production of yams
Source: Field Survey and

District Assembly
(Kintampo south)
Population Characteristics
Problems
• High unemployment rate
• Immigration of potential labour force has an adverse effect on productivity thereby

affecting development
• Low recreational activity
Potential
• Labour force is available
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6.3 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Problems
• High Illiteracy rate
• Inadequate educational institutions
• Lack of market
• Poor road network
• Cultural practices that hinder the development of women
• Lack of clinic
• Lack of chemical sellers
POTENTIALS
• Religious tolerance
• Presence of traditional birth attendants
• Presence of herbalist
6.4 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

PROBLEMS
• Low income for households
• Inefficient carts for transportation of products to marketing centre
• Low raw materials
POTENTIALS
• Presence of communal labour network
• Availability of land

District Assembly
(Kintampo South)
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6.5 HISTORICAL AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE

PROBLEMS
• Poor communication (mode of disseminating information)
• Lack of sustainable capacity development
• Low co-operation with authority
POTENTIALS
• Support from youth groups
• Support from district assembly
• Presence of N.G. O’s
• Presence of traditional council to improve bye laws
• Co-ordination between modern and traditional political system

District Assembly
(Kintampo South)
6.6 PAIR WISE RANKING

From the community forum organised by the group these are the major problems in the
community and how they are ranked
• Distance of water from the community
• Lack of health centre
• No network
• Inadequate classroom
• Inadequate female teachers
• Bad road network.
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TABLE1. 18 THE TABLE BELOW SHOWS THE OUTCOME OF THE RESULT RANKS
Problem 1 2 3 4 5
Water 1 * 1 1 1 1
School 2 * 2 2 2
Network 3 * 3 3
Health 4 * 4
centre
Teachers 5 *
Bad road 6
network
TABLE1. 19 THIS IS THE RESPECTIVE SOURCE OF THE VARIOUS PROBLEMS REPRESENTED

IN THE TABLE BELOW
PROBLEMS VOTE RANK PERCETAGE
Water 15 1st 25.9
School 14 2nd 24.1
Network 11 3rd 19
Health centre 4 4th 6.9
Female teachers 2 5th 3.4
Bad road network 2 6th 3.4
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6.7 PROBLEM TREE ANALYSIS

The problem tree also known as the cause-and-effect diagram is a graphical tool used to show the
cause and effect relationship that exists between community problems. Beside the cause and effect
relationship, the tree is useful in helping communities identify their real needs by bringing out
critical areas that require attention which help avoid focusing efforts on tackling symptoms. The
tree also serves as a tool to help generate hidden problems that are not immediately identified by
the community. The problem tree has three main features: A Core/Starter Problem, Causes and
Effects.
The diagram below shows the problem tree analysis in Chaara community which contains the
causes, effects and relationship of an existing an identified problem.
Our group field survey revealed that, lack of low level of education is the primary problem in
Chaara community. Low level of education as an identified problem has its immediate causes
such as Low school enrolment, Poor Parental Care and low productivity. It also has its immediate
effect namely; Low level of technology, Pressure on Limited natural resources. Inadequate
teachers, low productivity, low income, low savings and unemployment. Hence, the immediate
mentioned causes and effects of poor sanitation leads to underdevelopment and low standard of
living.
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FIGURE 9 PRBLEM TREE ANALYSIS
Indiscriminate
cutting down of trees
EFFECTS Domestic Nature of

Local Irregular
chores land
industries rainfall
High demand of Lack of natural Access to

sources of water
water sources
of water
LOW WATER
CORE TABLE
PROBLEM
Climate Change Deforestation
CAUSES Poor Rainfall Over pumping of

pattern ground water
Bush Burning
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6.8 SWOT ANALYSIS FOR CHAARA COMMUNITY

Swot is a tool used for the analysis of development problems and potentials. It depicts the strength,
weakness, opportunities and Threats. It also reveals both internal and external forces affecting the
potentials in the community.
TABLE1. 20 THE TABLE SHOWS THE SWOT ANALYSIS
NEEDS STRENGTH WEAKNESS OPPURTUNITIES THREATHS
WATER • Presence of • Insuffici • Presence of • Shortage of

borehole ent NGOs water in
drinking the dry
water season
TRANSPORT • Presence of a • Lack of • District • Network
AND third-class lorry Assembly failure
COMUNICATI road. station. support
ON • Availability of • Absence • Availability of
telecommunica of postal telecommunica
tion network. agent. tion network.
ECONOMIC • Potential • High • External • Bad nature

ISSUES labour force. incidenc demand of of road
• Presences of e of their product. network.
road network. rural- • NGO support. • Rise in the
• Availability of urban price of
vast land. migratio farm
n. produce.
• Lack of • Presence
market of pest and
centre. diseases.
HEALTH • Presence of • Lack of • Presence of • Frequent
CENTER traditional licenced health centre outbreak
healers. chemica in the sub of skin
• Availability of l shops. district
diseases,
herbs • Absence • Support from
malaria
of district
health assembly. and
facility. • NHIS diarrhoea.
• Unlicens • Lack of
ed education
herbalis on
t
environme
ntal
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TTFPP/GROUP 58/2019
cleanliness
.
EDUCATION • Presence of • Absence • District • Poor
three-unit of junior assembly supervision
classroom. high support. .
school. • Presence of
• Presence of KG • Unwillingn
• High textbooks.
and primary ess of
illiteracy • Presence of an
school. rate. NGO trained
• Inadequ teachers to
ate work at the
teaching community
and
learning
material
s
6.9 Conclusion
Chaara is one community located in the Bono East part of Kintampo South district of the Bono
East region. The community has a growing population of 528 with 247 females and 281 of being
males. They are predominantly farmers. Chaara has a developmental potential despite the
numerous challenges that militate against the socio-economic development. The field survey
reveals some potentials in the community some include, the community has vast land for
commercial farming. The people need to take advantage of the potentials in the community by
minimizing the weakness and the existing threats. Considering the nature of the soil found in
Chaara community, it is an undisputable fact that the community is an agrarian community.
Making decision in the community includes females. The community always record high
productivity in most crops grown due to the fertile nature of the soil. The lack of jobs in the
community is high apart the farming which is leading to early marriage, teenage pregnancy and
unemployment in the community.
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6.10 Recommendations
Upon analyzing the numerous challenges and developments potentials facing the community based
on the research conducted, the group wishes to forward the following recommendations to the
community, government, N.G. O’s, donor agencies, Potential investors, philanthropist and other
benevolent organizations;
✓ As far as gender sensitivity is concerned, decision making process in the

community should involve females and the youth to promote unity, peace,
harmony and development.
✓ Farmers should come together to form strong associations to enable them access
credit facilities from the financial institutions to carry out their farming activities.
✓ Considering the existence of school in the community, government through the
Ghana Education Services should establish additional classroom block to make up
the low literacy rate in the community.
✓ Due to the regular pattern of rainfall, government, N.G. O’s and other donor
agencies should extend their support by providing the people with irrigational
dams to carry out a year-round farming and other activities in order to bridge the
poverty gap in the community.
✓ Also, Ministry of Agriculture (MOFA) should post veterinary and extension
officers to the community to help them improve on their methods of farming and
fertility of the soil.
✓ There should be a formidable education about the need for the establishment of
toilet facilities to help put an end to the "free range" system made good place of
waste disposal to improve on the sanitation and health of the people.
✓ Due to the abundance of cassava in the community, N.G. O’s or donor agencies
should provide the community with a milling machine to facilitate the production
of Gari.
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REFERENCES
• University for development studies (2019) field guide for third trimester field practical
programme for year one
• Kintampo South district assembly (2019) profile
• Kintampo South district (2010) population and housing census
• Mansie-clinic directorate
• Chaara D/A School
APPENDIX
APPENDIX 1
U.D.S: University of Development Studies
N.G. O’s: Non-Governmental Organizations
SWOT: Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats
DA: District Assembly
GES: Ghana Education Services
ICD: Integrated Community Development
SCC: Social Change and Communication
IDS: Integrated Development Studies
CMN: Community Nutrition
ECE: Early Childhood Care and Education
BES: Basic Education Studies
ACF: Accounting with Finance
MOFA: Ministry of Food and Agriculture
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MOH: Ministry of Health
K.G: Kindergarten
TTFPP: Third Trimester Field Practical Programme
TBA’s: Traditional Birth Attendants
BCM: Bachelor of commence
Appendix 2
BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF RESPONDANT
1. Name of respond ant …………………….
2. Age (a) 11-18 (b) 19-25 (c) 26-65 (d) 66 above
3. Gender: Male…… Female ………….
4. Marital status (a) Single (b) Married (c) Divorce (d) Widow or widower
5. Sex: ………………………………………………….
6. Educational level: ……………………………………
7. 7. Employment status: ………………………………….
8. Occupation: ………………………………………….
9. Name of spouse: ………………………………………
10. Number of children if any: ……………………………
11. Males: ……………. Females…
12. Religion (a) Muslim (b) Christianity (c) Traditionalist
13. Ethnicity: ………………………………………………
14. Nationality: ………………………………………….
GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS
1. Which district is the community located?
2. What is the distance room the community to the regional capital?

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TTFPP/GROUP 58/2019
(a) 5km (b)10km (c) 15km
3. What is the total land area of the community?

100sq/km 500sq/km 1000sq/km
4. Which other communities share boundaries with the community (Chaara)?

5. What is the topography of the land?
6. Are there any water bodies in the community?
(a) Yes (b) no
AGRICULTURE
1. Which type of farming activities do you engage in?
2. What implements do you use?
3. If it is crop farming what type of crops are produced?
4. If it livestock rearing what types of animals are reared?
5. What disease and pest mostly attack your livestock?
6. Do you have access to veterinary services?
7. If yes how often?
8. What are the major problems you face in your livestock rearing?
9. How long do you engage in farming activities in a year?
ENERGY
1. What is the major source of energy?

2. What is the main reason for the use of the above-mentioned energy?
3. What energy do you use in the house for lighting?
4. What is the problem associated with the use of that energy?
GENDER, VULNERABILITY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION
1. Who are vulnerable groups in the community?
(a) Women (b) children (c) men
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2. What is the total number of child abuse cases?

3. How many of them have been handled legally?
4. What programs exists for the vulnerable and excluded in the community
FIGURE 11 1 CHAARA COMMUNITY MAP
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FIGURE 10 KINTAMPO SOUTH DISTRICT MAP
Source: KSDA DPCU, 2017
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UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT

PROFILE OF CHAARA COMMUNITY OF THE KINTAMPO SOUTH DISTRICT IN

REPORT ON THIRD TRIMESTER FIELD PRATICAL PROGRAMME (TTFPP).

1.4.3 LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION....................................................................... 20

3.6 WATER AND SANITATION ........................................................................................................... 35

4.4.4 Farm Size ............................................................................................................................. 48

4.7.2 INCOME DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS ...................................................................................... 55

6.7 PROBLEM TREE ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 70

S/N STUDENT ID NAME SEX FACULTIES

1 LAM/0005/18 AGYEI ANKOMAH STANLEY M FPLM

2 RES/0010/18 IDDRISU ABDUL SAMED M FPLM

3 DBS/0090/18 BAAKO EUNICE F SBL

4 DBS/0025/18 MOHAMMED SHERIFF M SBL

5 BCM/0002/18 ADJEI ARAFAT CHRISPIN M SBL

6 DBS/0123/18 BOATENG FRIMPONG M SBL

7 ACF/0025/18 NFOKE MARY F SBL

8 IBS/0076/18 ABDULAI MOHAMMED M SBL

9 IDS/0016/18 BAKUNA SALIFU RASHEED M FIDS

10 IDS/0017/18 MOHAMMED ABDUL JALAL M FIDS

GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF TTFPP

✓ FOCUSED GROUP DISCUSION

✓ KEY INFORMAT INTERVIEW.

LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES

The major constraints faced the group included the following

TABLE1. 1 MEAN MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE IN

Source: Ghana Meteorological Service, Kintampo

1.2.7 SOIL TYPE

1.2.8 MAJOR FINDINGS.

1.3 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE BASE.

1.3.4 MAJOR FINDINGS

1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES.

1.4.2 BUILT ENVIRONMENT.

1.4.3 LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION.

1.4.4 MAJOR FINDINGS

➢ Inadequate public facilities such as toilet.

2.3 AGE-SEX STRUCTURE

AGE GROUP MALES MALES% FEMALES FMALES% TOTAL TOTAL%

0-4 50 17.8 45 18.2 95 18.0

2.4 POPULATION PYRAMID

CHAARA POPULATION PYRAMID

2.4.1 POPULATION TREND

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠

TABLE1. 3 AGE DISTRIBUTION

AGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE PERCENTAGES INTERPRETAION

0-14 242 45.8 INACTIVE

15-64 268 50.8 ACTIVE

65+ 18 3.4 INACTIVE

Total 528 100

SOURCE: Field Survey 2019

FIGURE 2 AGE DISTRIBUTION

2.5 LABOUR FORCE

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑓 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒

2.6 AGE DEPENDENCY RATIO

People within the inactive age = (0 − 14) + (65 +)

2.7 ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY RATIO:

The economic dependency ratio is written as:

∴ 𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 1 ∶ 1.14

2.8 POPULATION DENSITY

𝒑𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒛𝒆 𝟓𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟕𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒐𝒏𝒔

2.9 HOUSEHOLD SIZE

(SOURCES: GROUP FIELD SURVEY 2019)

2.11 MAJOR FINDINGS

TABLE1. 4 BELOW IS A TABLE SHOWING THE RELIGIOUS DISTRIBUTION