STATE
• It is viewed as the institution that creates warfare and sets
economic policies for a country.
• It is the political unit that has authority over its own affairs.
• •
Global Governance in the Twenty-First Century
• There is a series of specofic factord behind the emergence of
global governence.
1.The first on the list must be the declining power of nation-states. if
states themselves were “highly contingent and in flux”, it would open
the possibility of the emergence of some form of global governance to
fill the void.
2. Vast flows of all sorts of things that run into and often right
through the borders of nation-states.
This could involve the flow of digital information of all sorts
through the Internet.
3. Mass migration of people and their entry, often illegally, into
various nation-state.
If states are unable to control this flow, then there is a need for
some sort of global governance to help deal with the problem. The
Flow of criminal elements, as well as their products(drugs, laundered
money, those bought and sold in sex trafficking).
Horrendous events within nation-states that the states themselves
either foment and carry out, or are unable to control.
For example, In Darfur, Sudan, perhaps hundreds of thousands
have been killed, millions of people displaced, and the lives of many
disrupted in a conflict that date back to early 2003.
EFFECTS of GLOBALIZATION to GOVERNMENTS
• Government- one of the key aspects of state sovereignty
– A group of people who have the ultimate authority to
act on behalf of a state.
– Each state has its own right to self-determination and
that other country should not intervene in the affairs of
that state unles there are extraodinary reasons to do so.
Civil Society- includes the private economy, educational
institutions, churches, hospitals, fraternal organizations, and
non-profit organizations
Four Challenges of the Government and Ultimately, to state
autonomy
1. Traditional Challenges
External intervention can generally be described as invasion by
other countries. For example, Sadam Hussein was the ruler of Iraq in
1990, he decided he was going to take over the oil fields of Kuwait.
2. Challenges from National/Identity Movements
It is important to know that a nation has a cultural identity that
people attached to, while a state is a definite entity due to its specific
boundaries. For example, the Kurds reside in several different
countries including Iraq, Iran, and Turkey. The Catalans live primarily
in Spain but we can also find some of them in France.
3. Global Economics
It demands the states to conform to the rules of free-market
capitalism.
Government austerity comes from developments of
organizations that cooperate across countries, such as WTO regional
agreements, such as NAFTA, the European Union (EU), and the
ASEAN.
Neoliberal Theory
A largely unregulated capitalist system not only embodies the
ideal of free individual choice but also achieves optimum economic
performance with respect to efficiency, economic growth.
Neoliberal Economics and Neoliberal Capitalism
-Focuses on free trade and dismantling trade barriers
4. Global Social Movements
• Social Movements
– are movements of people that are spontaneous or that
merge through enormous grassroots organization. These
social movements are transnational movements which
means they occur across countries and borders.
– • Threats to national identity due to immigration
• Environmental movement
– another example of global social movement related to
public policy.
– Example: Blockadia
Another issue where social movement formed:
• Consensus on women's rights
• Rights of personal autonomy (homosexuality, same-sex
marriage, and gender equality.
The Relevance of the State amid Globalization
• State-
– is a distinctive political community with its own set of
rules and practices and that is more or less separate
grom other communities.
– It is the political concept.
Four Elements of State
• People- refer to the nomadic people that move from one place
to another in an indefinite time.
• Territory- A location strengthen by the first element (people).
• Govenrment- The one who control the territory.
• Sovereignty- having supreme power or authority. the status,
dominion, power, or authority.
The Relevance of the State amid Globalization
• Nation
– refers to a people rather than any kind of formal
territorial boundaries or institutions.
– It is a collective identity grounded on notion of shared
history and culture.
– It is the cultural concept.
–
Major Sources of Collective Insecurity
• Terrorism
• Economic globalization, leading to problems such as
outsourcing and pressures toward downsizing
• Current economic crisis
• Spread of global diseases such as AIDS.