So, and
 or 37.
2-8 Proving Angle Relationships  
Here, the Complement Theorem has been used.

Find the measure of each numbered angle, and 3. 

name the theorems that justify your work.
SOLUTION:  
The angles ∠4 and ∠5 are supplementary or form a
linear pair.
So, m∠4 + m∠5 = 180.
1.   
Substitute.
SOLUTION:   2x + x + 9 =180
The angles ∠2 and ∠3 are complementary, or      3x + 9 =180
adjacent angles that form a right angle.  3x + 9 – 9 =180 – 9
So, m∠2 + m∠3 = 90.             3x =171
               x = 57
Substitute.  
26 + m∠3 = 90 Substitute x = 57 in m∠4 = 2x and m∠5 = x + 9.
m∠3 = 90 – 26 m∠4 = 2(57)
         = 64          =114
  m∠5 = 57 + 9
Here, the Complement Theorem has been used.          = 66
 
Here, the Supplement Theorem has been used.
2. 
SOLUTION:   4. 
The angles ∠2 and ∠3 are complementary, or  SOLUTION:  
adjacent angles that form a right angle.
The angles ∠4 and ∠5 are supplementary or form a
So, m∠2 + m∠3 = 90. linear pair.
 
So, m∠4 + m∠5 = 180.
Substitute.
Substitute.
3(x –  1) + x + 7 =180
    3x – 3 + x + 7 =180
               4x + 4 =180
                    4x =176
                        x = 44
So, and Substitute x = 44 in m∠4 = 3(x – 1) and m∠5 = x +
 or 37. 7.
  m∠4 = 3(44 – 1)
Here, the Complement Theorem has been used.           = 3(43)
          = 129
3.  m∠5 = 44 + 7
          = 51
SOLUTION:   Here, the Supplement Theorem has been used.
The angles ∠4 and ∠5 are supplementary or form a
linear pair. 5. PARKING Refer to the diagram of the parking lot.
So, m∠4 + m∠5 = 180. Given that prove
  that .
Substitute.
2x + x + 9 =180
     3x + 9 =180
3x + 9 – 9 =180 – 9
            3x =171
             x
eSolutions Manual -=Powered
57 by Cognero Page 1
 
Substitute x = 57 in m∠4 = 2x and m∠5 = x + 9.
           = 3(43)
5.  
          = 129
m∠5 = 44 + 7     (Subtraction Property)
          = 51
2-8 Proving Angle Relationships 6. (Substitution)
Here, the Supplement Theorem has been used. 7.  (Definition of congruent angles)

5. PARKING Refer to the diagram of the parking lot. 6. PROOF Copy and complete the proof of one case
Given that prove of Theorem 2.6.
that . Given: are complementary.
are complementary.

Prove:

SOLUTION:  
You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Look over what you are given and what you need to
prove. Here, you are given two congruent angles.
Use the properties that you have learned about SOLUTION:  
congruent angles and equivalent expressions in The 1st row contains the given information about
algebra to walk through the proof. complementary angles..
  The 2nd row is uses the definition of complementary
Given: angles.
The 3rd row use substitution to write the two
Prove:
statements as one. 
Proof:
The 4th row look ahead at the segment for Row 4 to
Statements (Reasons)
see what is changes, so you can identify the
1.  (Given) statement for reflexive. 
2. The 5th row is subtraction is used to remove ∠3
    (Supplement Theorem) from each side.
3.  (Substitution) The 6th row is replaces or substitutes angles with
4.   congruent angles.
   (Subtraction
Property)
5.  
    (Subtraction Property)
6. (Substitution)
7.  (Definition of congruent angles)

6. PROOF Copy and complete the proof of one case 7. PROOF Write a two-column proof.
of Theorem 2.6. Given:
Given: are complementary. Prove:
are complementary.

SOLUTION:  
Prove:
You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Look over what you are given and what you need to
prove. Here, you are given two congruent angles.
Use the properties that you have learned about
congruent angles and equivalent expressions in
algebra to walk through the proof.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 2
Given:
SOLUTION:   Prove:
Proof:
  
So, .
Here, the Congruent Supplements Theorem has been
2-8 Proving Angle Relationships used.

7. PROOF Write a two-column proof. 9.  are complementary.

Given:
Prove:

SOLUTION:  
You need to walk through the proof step by step. SOLUTION:  
Look over what you are given and what you need to
prove. Here, you are given two congruent angles. Since are complementary,
Use the properties that you have learned about .
congruent angles and equivalent expressions in  
algebra to walk through the proof. Substitute .
Given:
Prove:
Proof:  
Statements(Reasons) In the figure, .
1. (Given)  
2.  and   (Vertical angles  Substitute.
Theorem)
3.  (Substitution)
4.  (Substitution)

Find the measure of each numbered angle, and

name the theorems used that justify your work.
8.   
So,  and  .
Here, the Congruent Complements and Congruent
Supplements Theorems have been used.
SOLUTION:   10.  are
In the figure, . supplementary.
Given that .
 
So, .
SOLUTION:  
Since  and   are supplementary angles, 
. Since and  are 
  supplementary angles, .
We know that . Therefore, .
   
So, . Substitute .
Here, the Congruent Supplements Theorem has been
used.
 
9.  are complementary. So, .
We know that .
 
Substitute.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 3

 
  
So,  and  .  
2-8 Proving
Here, theAngle Relationships
Congruent Complements and Congruent Here, the Congruent Supplements Theorem has been
Supplements Theorems have been used. used.

10.  are Find the measure of each numbered angle and

supplementary. name the theorems used that justify your work.
11. 

SOLUTION:  
Since  and   are supplementary angles, 
. Since and  are 
supplementary angles, . SOLUTION:  
Therefore, . The angles ∠9 and ∠10 are supplementary or form a
  linear pair.
Substitute . So, m∠9 + m∠10 = 180.
 
Substitute.
  3x + 12 + x – 24 = 180
So, .               4x – 12 = 180
We know that .                        4x = 192
                          x = 48
Substitute.  
Substitute x = 48 in m∠9 = 3x + 12 and m∠10 = x –
24.
  m∠9 = 3(48) + 12
         = 144 + 12
Here, the Congruent Supplements Theorem has been
         = 156
used.
m∠10 = 48 – 24
Find the measure of each numbered angle and            = 24
name the theorems used that justify your work.  
Here, the Supplement Theorem has been used.
11. 

12. 

SOLUTION:  
The angles ∠9 and ∠10 are supplementary or form a
SOLUTION:  
linear pair.
So, m∠9 + m∠10 = 180. Since  and   are vertical angles, they are 
  congruent.
Substitute.
3x + 12 + x – 24 = 180  
              4x – 12 = 180 Substitute.
                       4x = 192
                        x = 48
 
Substitute x = 48 in m∠9 = 3x + 12 and m∠10 = x –
24.
m∠9 = 3(48) + 12
         = 144 + 12
         = 156
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 4
m∠10 = 48 – 24
           = 24  
  Substitute  in  .
 Substitute  in  .
m∠10 = 48 – 24
           = 24
 
2-8 Proving
Here, theAngle Relationships
Supplement Theorem has been used.  
Here, the Vertical Angles Theorem has been used.

12.  13. 

SOLUTION:  
SOLUTION:  
Since  and   are vertical angles, they are   
congruent.
In the figure,  and 
.
 
Substitute. By congruent supplementary theorem,
 
Since  and   are vertical angles, they are 
congruent.

 
Substitute.

 
Substitute  in  .
 
Substitute  in 
 
Substitute  in  .

So, .
   
Here, the Vertical Angles Theorem has been used. We know that .

13. 
 
Here, Congruent Supplements Theorem and the
Vertical Angles Theorem have been used.

PROOF Write a two-column proof.

14. Given: is a right angle.
SOLUTION:   Prove: are
  complementary.
In the figure,  and 
.
By congruent supplementary theorem,
 
Since  and   are vertical angles, they are 
congruent. SOLUTION:  
You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Look over what you are given and what you need to
eSolutions
  Manual - Powered by Cognero prove. Here, you are given a right angle. Use thePage 5
Substitute. properties that you have learned about right angles,
angle addition, complementary angles, congruent
 Postulate)
4.  (Substitution)
  5.   and   are complementary. 
2-8 Proving Angle Relationships
Here, Congruent Supplements Theorem and the (Definition of complimentary angles)
Vertical Angles Theorem have been used.

PROOF Write a two-column proof. 15. Given:.

14. Given: is a right angle. Prove:  are supplementary.
Prove: are
complementary.

SOLUTION:  
You need to walk through the proof step by step.
SOLUTION:   Look over what you are given and what you need to
You need to walk through the proof step by step. prove. Here, you are given two congruent angles
Look over what you are given and what you need to Use the properties that you have learned about
prove. Here, you are given a right angle. Use the congruent angles and equivalent expressions in
properties that you have learned about right angles, algebra to walk through the proof.
angle addition, complementary angles, congruent Given:.
angles and equivalent expressions in algebra to walk Prove:  are supplementary.
through the proof. Proof:
  Statements (Reasons)
Given: is a right angle. 1. . (Given)
Prove: are complementary. 2.  (Definition of Congruent Angles)
Proof: 3.  ( Supplement Theorem)
Statements (Reasons) 4.  (Substitution)
1.  is a right angle. (Given) 5.   and   are supplementary. (Definition of 
2. ( Definition of a right angle) supplementary angles)
3. (Angle Addition
Postulate) Write a proof for each theorem.
16. Supplement Theorem
4.  (Substitution)
5.   and   are complementary.  SOLUTION:  
(Definition of complimentary angles) You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Look over what you are given and what you need to
15. Given:. prove. Here, you are given two angles form a linear
pair. Use the properties that you have learned about
Prove:  are supplementary.
linear pairs, supplementary angles and equivalent
expressions in algebra to walk through the proof.
Given: Two angles form a linear pair.
Prove: The angles are supplementary.

SOLUTION:  
You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Paragraph Proof:
Look over what you are given and what you need to
When two angles form a linear pair, the resulting
prove. Here, you are given two congruent angles
angle is a straight angle whose measure is 180. By
Use the properties that you have learned about
definition, two angles are supplementary if the sum
congruent angles and equivalent expressions in
of their measures is 180. By the Angle Addition
algebra to walk through the proof.
Postulate, . Thus, if two angles
Given:.
form a linear pair, then the angles are supplementary.
Prove:  are supplementary.
Proof:
Statements (Reasons) 17. Complement Theorem
1. . (Given) SOLUTION:  
2.  (Definition of Congruent Angles) You need to walk through the proof step by step.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 6
3.  ( Supplement Theorem) Look over what you are given and what you need to
4.  (Substitution) prove. Here, you are given a right angle. Use the
5.   and   are supplementary. (Definition of  properties that you have learned about congruent
 Proof:
definition, two angles are supplementary if the sum Statements (Reasons)
of their measures is 180. By the Angle Addition
1. is an angle. (Given)
Postulate, . Thus, if two angles
2-8 Proving Angle Relationships 2.  (Reflection Property)
form a linear pair, then the angles are supplementary.
3.  (Definition of congruent angles)

17. Complement Theorem 19. Transitive Property of Angle Congruence

SOLUTION:   SOLUTION:
You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Look over what you are given and what you need to
prove. Here, you are given a right angle. Use the
properties that you have learned about congruent
angles, right angles, complementary angles, and
equivalent expressions in algebra to walk through the
proof.
Given:  is a right angle.
Prove:  and   are complementary angles.
  
You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Look over what you are given and what you need to
prove. Here, you are given two congruent angles.
Use the properties that you have learned about
congruent angles, Transitive property, and equivalent
expressions in algebra to walk through the proof.
Given: ,
Prove:

Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
1. ,  (Given)
2. ,  Definition of congruent
Proof: angles)
Statements (Reasons)
3. (Transitive Property)
1.  is a right angle. (Given)
4.  (Definition of congruent angles)
2. ( Definition of a right angle)
3. (Angle Addition Postulate) 20. FLAGS Refer to the Florida state flag at the right.
4.  (Substitution) Prove that the sum of the four angle measures is
5.  and   are complementary. (Definition of  360.
complimentary angles)  

18. Reflexive Property of Angle Congruence

SOLUTION:  
You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Look over what you are given and what you need to
prove. Here, you are given an angle. Use the
properties that you have learned about congruent SOLUTION:  
angles and equivalent expressions in algebra to walk
You need to walk through the proof step by step.
through the proof.
Look over what you are given and what you need to
Given: prove. Here, you are given the Florida state flag with
diagonals. Use the properties that you have learned
about congruent angles and equivalent expressions in
algebra to walk through the proof.
Prove: Given:
Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
1. is an angle. (Given)
2.  (Reflection Property)
3.  (Definition of congruent angles)

19. Transitive Property of Angle Congruence Prove:

Proof:
SOLUTION:   Statements (Reasons)
You need to walk through the proof step by step. 1.
Look over what you are given and what you need to
eSolutions
prove.Manual
Here,- Powered
you arebygiven
Cognero
two congruent angles. Page 7

Use the properties that you have learned about

congruent angles, Transitive property, and equivalent
 1. ,  (Given) Property)
2. ,  Definition of congruent 5.
angles)  (Substitution)
3.
2-8 Proving Angle(Transitive Property)
Relationships 6.  (Addition 
4.  (Definition of congruent angles) Property)

20. FLAGS Refer to the Florida state flag at the right. 21. CCSS ARGUMENTS The diamondback
Prove that the sum of the four angle measures is rattlesnake is a pit viper with a diamond pattern on its
360. back. An enlargement of the skin of the snake at the
  left is shown below. If prove that
.

SOLUTION:   SOLUTION:  
You need to walk through the proof step by step. You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Look over what you are given and what you need to Look over what you are given and what you need to
prove. Here, you are given the Florida state flag with prove. Here, you are given two congruent angles.
diagonals. Use the properties that you have learned Use the properties that you have learned about
about congruent angles and equivalent expressions in congruent angles, vertical angles, and equivalent
algebra to walk through the proof. expressions in algebra to walk through the proof.
Given: Given:
Prove:
Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
1.  (Given)
2.  and    (Vertical angles are 
congruent)
Prove: 3. (Transitive Property)
Proof: 4.  (Substitution)
Statements (Reasons)
1. PROOF Use the figure to write a proof of each
theorem.

(Given)
2.  and
(Supplementary Theorem) 22. Theorem 2.9
3.  (Addition  SOLUTION:  
Property) You need to walk through the proof step by step.
4. (Addition Look over what you are given and what you need to
Property) prove. Here, you are given two perpendicular lines.
5. Use the properties that you have learned about
 (Substitution) congruent angles, right angles, perpendicular lines,
6.  (Addition  and equivalent expressions in algebra to walk through
Property) the proof.
Given:  
21. CCSS ARGUMENTS The diamondback Prove:  are right angles.
rattlesnake is a pit viper with a diamond pattern on its
back. An enlargement of the skin of the snake at the
left is shown below. If prove that
.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 8

Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
 1.  (Given)
9. , (Substitution)
2.  and    (Vertical angles are 
10. (Subtraction Property)
congruent)
11.  are right angles. (Definition. of right 
3.
2-8 Proving (Transitive
Angle Property)
Relationships angles (Steps 6, 10))
4.  (Substitution)

PROOF Use the figure to write a proof of each 23. Theorem 2.10

theorem.
SOLUTION:  
You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Look over what you are given and what you need to
prove. Here, you are given two right angles. Use the
properties that you have learned about congruent
angles, right angles, and equivalent expressions in
algebra to walk through the proof.
22. Theorem 2.9
SOLUTION:  
You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Look over what you are given and what you need to Given:  and   are right angles.
prove. Here, you are given two perpendicular lines.
Prove:
Use the properties that you have learned about
Proof:
congruent angles, right angles, perpendicular lines,
Statements (Reasons)
and equivalent expressions in algebra to walk through
the proof. 1.  and  are rt. . (Given)
Given:   2.  (Definition of right angles)
Prove:  are right angles. 3. (Substitution)
4.    (Definition of congruent angles)

24. Theorem 2.11
SOLUTION:  
You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Proof: Look over what you are given and what you need to
Statements (Reasons) prove. Here, you are given two perpendicular lines.
1.    (Given) Use the properties that you have learned about
2.  is a right angle. (Definition of perpendicular) congruent angles, right angles, perpendicular lines,
and equivalent expressions in algebra to walk through
3. (Definition of right angles)
the proof.
4. (Vertical angles are congruent ) Given:
5. (Definition of vertical angles)  
6.  (Substitution) Prove:
7.  and  form a linear pair.
 and  form a linear pair. (Definition of linear
pairs)
8. , (Linear
pairs are supplementary)
9. , (Substitution) Proof:
10. (Subtraction Property) Statements (Reasons)
11.  are right angles. (Definition. of right  1.   (Given)
angles (Steps 6, 10)) 2. and  right angles. (Perpendicular lines 
intersect to form 4 right angles.)
23. Theorem 2.10 3.  (All right angles are congruent .)
SOLUTION:   25. Theorem 2.12
You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Look over what you are given and what you need to SOLUTION:  
prove. Here, you are given two right angles. Use the You need to walk through the proof step by step.
properties that you have learned about congruent Look over what you are given and what you need to
angles,
eSolutions right
Manual angles,byand
- Powered equivalent expressions in
Cognero
prove. Here, you are given two congruent angles,Page 9
algebra to walk through the proof. and two supplementary angles Use the properties
that you have learned about congruent angles,
supplmentary angles, right angles, and equivalent
 Look over what you are given and what you need to
prove. Here, you are given two perpendicular lines. 6.  (Division. Property)
Use the properties that you have learned about 7.  (Substitution (Steps 3, 6))
congruentAngle
2-8 Proving angles,Relationships
right angles, perpendicular lines, 8.  and   are right angles (Definition of right 
and equivalent expressions in algebra to walk through angles)
the proof.
Given: 26. Theorem 2.13
 
SOLUTION:  
Prove:
You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Look over what you are given and what you need to
prove. Here, you are given two congruent angles.
Use the properties that you have learned about
congruent angles, linear pair, supplementary angles,
right angles, and equivalent expressions in algebra to
Proof: walk through the proof.
Statements (Reasons)
1.   (Given)
2. and  right angles. (Perpendicular lines 
intersect to form 4 right angles.)
Given:
3.  (All right angles are congruent .)
Prove:  and   are right angles.
25. Theorem 2.12  
Proof:
SOLUTION:   Statements (Reasons)
You need to walk through the proof step by step. 1.  (Given)
Look over what you are given and what you need to 2.  and   form a linear pair. (Definition of 
prove. Here, you are given two congruent angles, linear pair)
and two supplementary angles Use the properties 3.  and   are supplementary. (Linear pairs are 
that you have learned about congruent angles, supplementary. )
supplmentary angles, right angles, and equivalent
4.  and   are right angles. (If angles are 
expressions in algebra to walk through the proof.
congruent and supplementary, they are right angles.)

27. CCSS ARGUMENTS To mark a specific tempo,

the weight on the pendulum of a metronome is
Given: ,  and   are supplementary. adjusted so that it swings at a specific rate. Suppose
Prove:  and   are right angles. in the photo is a right angle. If  
Proof: write a paragraph proof to show that
Statements (Reasons) bisects .
1. ,  and   are supplementary. 
(Given)
2.  (Definition of angles)
3. (Definition of congruent angles)
4.  (Substitution)
5.  (Substitution)
6.  (Division. Property)
7.  (Substitution (Steps 3, 6))
8.  and   are right angles (Definition of right 
angles)

26. Theorem 2.13
SOLUTION:  
You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Look over what you are given and what you need to
prove. Here, you are given two congruent angles.
Use the properties that you have learned about
congruent angles, linear pair, supplementary angles,
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
right angles, and equivalent expressions in algebra to
walk through the proof.
SOLUTION:  
You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Look over what you are given and what you need to
prove. Here, you are given the measures of two
angles.  Use the properties that you have learned 
Page 10
about congruent angles, right angles, angle bisectors,
and equivalent expressions in algebra to walk through
the proof.
 linear pair) that is 45, so, substituting, .
3.  and   are supplementary. (Linear pairs are  Using the Subtraction Property,
supplementary. ) , or . Since
4.
2-8 Proving and 
Angle are right angles. (If angles are 
Relationships  and  are congruent,  is the bisector of 
congruent and supplementary, they are right angles.)  by the definition of angle bisector.

27. CCSS ARGUMENTS To mark a specific tempo, 28. PROOF Write a proof of Theorem 2.8.
the weight on the pendulum of a metronome is
adjusted so that it swings at a specific rate. Suppose SOLUTION:  
in the photo is a right angle. If   You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Look over what you are given and what you need to
write a paragraph proof to show that
prove. Here, you are given two vertical angles. Use
bisects . the properties that you have learned about congruent
angles, vertical angles, supplementary angles, linear
pairs, and equivalent expressions in algebra to walk
through the proof.
 
Given:  and   are vertical angles.
Prove:
Proof: Since  and   are vertical angles so they 
are formed by intersecting lines. Then we know that
 and   are a linear pair and   and   are 
also a linear pair. By Theorem 2.3,  and   are 
supplementary angles and  and  are
supplementary angles. Then by the Transitive
Property of Congruence, .
SOLUTION:  
29. GEOGRAPHY Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New
You need to walk through the proof step by step. Mexico all share a common point on their borders
Look over what you are given and what you need to called Four Corners. This is the only place where
prove. Here, you are given the measures of two
four states meet in a single point. If is a right
angles.  Use the properties that you have learned 
about congruent angles, right angles, angle bisectors, angle, prove that lines and m are perpendicular.
and equivalent expressions in algebra to walk through
the proof.
 
Since the path of the pendulum forms a right angle,
is a right angle, or measures 90.  divides 
into  and  . By the Angle
Addition Postulate, ,
and using substitution, .
Substituting again, . We are given
that is 45, so, substituting, .
Using the Subtraction Property,
SOLUTION:  
, or . Since
You need to walk through the proof step by step.
 and  are congruent,  is the bisector of  Look over what you are given and what you need to
 by the definition of angle bisector. prove. Here, you are given a right angle. Use the
properties that you have learned about congruent
28. PROOF Write a proof of Theorem 2.8. angles, right angles, vertical angles, and equivalent
SOLUTION:   expressions in algebra to walk through the proof.
You need to walk through the proof step by step. Given: is a right angle.
Look over what you are given and what you need to Prove:
prove. Here, you are given two vertical angles. Use  
the properties that you have learned about congruent Proof:
angles, vertical angles, supplementary angles, linear Statements (Reasons)
pairs, and equivalent expressions in algebra to walk 1.  is a right angle. (Given)
through the proof.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
2.  (Definition of a right angles) Page 11
  3. (Vertical angles are congruent.)
Given:  and   are vertical angles. 4.  (Substitution)
  and   are a linear pair and   and   are  Look over what you are given and what you need to
also a linear pair. By Theorem 2.3,  and   are  prove. Here, you are given a right angle. Use the
supplementary angles and  and  are properties that you have learned about congruent
supplementary
2-8 Proving Angleangles. Then by the Transitive
Relationships angles, right angles, vertical angles, and equivalent
Property of Congruence, . expressions in algebra to walk through the proof.
Given: is a right angle.
29. GEOGRAPHY Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Prove:
Mexico all share a common point on their borders  
called Four Corners. This is the only place where Proof:
four states meet in a single point. If is a right Statements (Reasons)
angle, prove that lines and m are perpendicular. 1.  is a right angle. (Given)
2.  (Definition of a right angles)
3. (Vertical angles are congruent.)
4.  (Substitution)
5. ( Supplementary Theorem)
6.  (Substitution)
7.  (Subtraction Property)
8.  (Subtraction. Property)
9. ( Vertical angles are congruent.)
10.  (Symmetric Property)
11.  (Definition of congruent angles)
12.  (Substitution)
SOLUTION:   13.  (Perpendicular lines intersect to form four
You need to walk through the proof step by step. right angles.)
Look over what you are given and what you need to
prove. Here, you are given a right angle. Use the 30. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this
properties that you have learned about congruent problem, you will explore angle relationships.
angles, right angles, vertical angles, and equivalent a. GEOMETRIC Draw a right angle ABC. Place
expressions in algebra to walk through the proof.
point D in the interior of this angle and draw .
Given: is a right angle.
Prove: Draw and construct congruent to
  .
Proof: b. VERBAL Make a conjecture as to the
Statements (Reasons) relationship between and .
1.  is a right angle. (Given) c. LOGICAL Prove your conjecture.
2.  (Definition of a right angles)
SOLUTION:  
3. (Vertical angles are congruent.)
a. Use a compass, protractor, and straightedge for
4.  (Substitution)
the construction. First draw AB with the straightedge.
5. ( Supplementary Theorem)
Use the protractor to draw the 90 angle from AB.
6.  (Substitution) Label all the points. Set the compass to a distance
7.  (Subtraction Property) shorter then AC. Draw arcs with the same compass
8.  (Subtraction. Property) setting from point points A and C. Label the point of
9. ( Vertical angles are congruent.) intersection D. Connect B and D. Draw JK and label
10.  (Symmetric Property) points. Use the same compass setting to draw point
11.  (Definition of congruent angles) L. Connect K and L. 
12.  (Substitution)
13.  (Perpendicular lines intersect to form four
right angles.)

30. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this

problem, you will explore angle relationships. b. and are complementary . Since
a. GEOMETRIC Draw a right angle ABC. Place was constructed to be congruent to ,
then  and  are complementary.
point D in the interior of this angle and draw .
c. You need to walk through the proof step by step.
Draw and construct congruent to Look over what you are given and what you need to
. prove. Here, you are given two complementary
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b. VERBAL Make a conjecture as to the angles. Use the properties that you have learnedPage 12
relationship between and . about congruent angles, complementary angles,  and 
c. LOGICAL Prove your conjecture. equivalent expressions in algebra to walk through the
 10.  (Symmetric Property) 3.  (Definition of 
11.  (Definition of congruent angles) congruent angles)
12.  (Substitution) 4.  (Substitution)
13.
2-8 Proving  (Perpendicular lines intersect to form four
Angle Relationships 5.  and  are complementary.
right angles.) (Definition of complementary angles)

30. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this 31. OPEN ENDED Draw an angle WXZ such that
problem, you will explore angle relationships. . Construct congruent to
a. GEOMETRIC Draw a right angle ABC. Place . Make a conjecture as to the measure of
point D in the interior of this angle and draw . and then prove your conjecture.
Draw and construct congruent to SOLUTION:  
. You need to walk through the proof step by step.
b. VERBAL Make a conjecture as to the Look over what you are given and what you need to
relationship between and . prove. Here, you are given an angle bisector and the
c. LOGICAL Prove your conjecture. measure of an angle.Use the properties that you
have learned about congruent angles, angle bisectors,
SOLUTION:   right angles, and equivalent expressions in algebra to
a. Use a compass, protractor, and straightedge for walk through the proof.
the construction. First draw AB with the straightedge.
Given:  bisects  , and .
Use the protractor to draw the 90 angle from AB.
Label all the points. Set the compass to a distance Prove:  is a right angle.
shorter then AC. Draw arcs with the same compass
setting from point points A and C. Label the point of
intersection D. Connect B and D. Draw JK and label
points. Use the same compass setting to draw point
L. Connect K and L. 

Proof:
b. and are complementary . Since Statements (Reasons)
was constructed to be congruent to , 1.  bisects  , and (Given)
then  and  are complementary. 2.  (Definition of angle bisector)
c. You need to walk through the proof step by step.
3.  (Definition of congruent 
Look over what you are given and what you need to
angles)
prove. Here, you are given two complementary
angles. Use the properties that you have learned 4. (Substitution)
about congruent angles, complementary angles,  and  5. (Angle Addition
equivalent expressions in algebra to walk through the Postulate)
proof. 6.  (Substitution)
Given:  and   are complementary. 7.  (Substitution)
8.  is a right angle. (Definition of right angle)
Prove:  and  are complementary.
Proof: 32. WRITING IN MATH Write the steps that you
Statements (Reasons) would use to complete the proof below.
1.  and  are complementary Given:
. (Given)
Prove:
2.  (Definition of 
complementary angles)
3.  (Definition of 
congruent angles) SOLUTION:  
4.  (Substitution) First, show that by the definition of
5.  and  are complementary. congruent segments. Then show by
(Definition of complementary angles) the Segment Addition Postulate. . Then use
substitution to show that  and 
31. OPEN
eSolutions ENDED
Manual Draw
- Powered an angle
by CogneroWXZ such that Page 13
. Divide to show that , so AB
. Construct congruent to
. Make a conjecture as to the measure of = CD. That means that by the definition of
 5. (Angle Addition
Postulate)  (Definition 
6.  (Substitution) of complementary angles)
7.
2-8 Proving  (Substitution)
Angle Relationships 3.  (Substitution)
8.  is a right angle. (Definition of right angle) 4.  (Symmetric. Property)
5.
32. WRITING IN MATH Write the steps that you  (Transitive 
would use to complete the proof below. Property)
Given: 6.
 (Subtraction
Prove: Property)
7.  (Simplify)
8.  (Definition of congruent angles )
SOLUTION:    
First, show that by the definition of Given:  ,  is supplementary to
congruent segments. Then show by is supplementary to .
the Segment Addition Postulate. . Then use Prove:
substitution to show that  and 
. Divide to show that , so AB
Proof:
= CD. That means that by the definition of Statements (Reasons)
congruent segments. 
1.  ,  is supplementary to
33. CHALLENGE In this lesson, one case of the is supplementary to . (Given)
Congruent Supplements Theorem was proven. In 2.
Exercise 6, you proved the same case for the  (Definition 
Congruent Complements Theorem. Explain why of supplementary angles)
there is another case for each of these theorems. 3.  (Substitution)
Then write a proof of this second case for each 4.  (Symmetric Property)
theorem. 5.
SOLUTION:    (Transitive 
Property)
Each of these theorems uses the words “or to
6.
congruent angles” indicating that this case of the
theorem must also be proven true. The other proofs  (Subtraction
only addressed the “to the same angle” case of the Property)
theorem. 7.  (Simplify.)
Given:  ,  is complementary 8.  (Definition of congruent angles )
to is complementary to .
34. REASONING Determine whether the following
Prove: statement is sometimes, always, or never true.
Explain your reasoning.
If one of the angles formed by two intersecting
lines is acute, then the other three angles formed
are also acute.
SOLUTION:  
Proof:
If one of the angles formed by two intersecting lines
Statements (Reasons)
is acute,  the other three angles formed are never all 
1. , is complementary to acute. Adjacent angles formed by two interesting
is complementary to . (Given) lines form a linear pair. If one angle in this linear pair
2. is acute, then its measure is less than 90. The
 (Definition  supplement of any angle will be greater than 90
of complementary angles) because subtracting a number less than 90 from 180
3.  (Substitution) must always result in a measure greater than 90.
4.  (Symmetric. Property)  
5.
 (Transitive 
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 14
Property)
6.
 (Subtraction
 6.
 (Subtraction
Property)
7.
2-8 Proving  (Simplify.)
Angle Relationships
8.  (Definition of congruent angles )

34. REASONING Determine whether the following 36. GRIDDED RESPONSE What is the mode of this
statement is sometimes, always, or never true. set of data?
Explain your reasoning. 4, 3, –2, 1 , 4, 0, 1, 4
If one of the angles formed by two intersecting
lines is acute, then the other three angles formed SOLUTION:  
are also acute. The mode is the value or values that occur most
frequently in a data set. Here, the mode is 4.
SOLUTION:  
If one of the angles formed by two intersecting lines 37. Find the measure of .
is acute,  the other three angles formed are never all 
acute. Adjacent angles formed by two interesting
lines form a linear pair. If one angle in this linear pair
is acute, then its measure is less than 90. The
supplement of any angle will be greater than 90
because subtracting a number less than 90 from 180
must always result in a measure greater than 90.
 
A 66°
B 72°
C 108°
D 138°
In the example above, if a is acute, the b will be SOLUTION:  
obtuse. c will be obtuse because is is an vertical
In the figure,  and   are vertical angles.
angle with b. b is acute. 
So, .
 
Here, .
 
Substitute.
35. WRITING IN MATH Explain how you can use
your protractor to quickly find the measure of the        
supplement of an angle.
So, the correct option is A.
SOLUTION:  
Since protractors have the scale for both acute and 38. ALGEBRA Simplify.
obtuse angles along the top, the supplement is the
measure of the given angle on the other scale. In the
example below. The acute measure for the angle is F
80° and the obtuse is 100°.  G
H
J
SOLUTION:  

36. GRIDDED RESPONSE What is the mode of this

set of data? The correct choice is H.
4, 3, –2, 1 , 4, 0, 1, 4
39. SAT/ACT On a coordinate grid where each unit
SOLUTION:  
represents 1 mile, Isabel’s house is located at (3, 0)
The mode is the value or values that occur most and a mall is located at (0, 4). What is the distance
frequently in a data set. Here, the mode is 4. between Isabel’s house and the mall?
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A 3 miles
37. Find the measure of . B 5 miles
C 12 miles

2-8 Proving Angle Relationships
The correct choice is H.
39. SAT/ACT On a coordinate grid where each unit
represents 1 mile, Isabel’s house is located at (3, 0)
and a mall is located at (0, 4). What is the distance
between Isabel’s house and the mall?
A 3 miles
B 5 miles
C 12 miles
D 13 miles
E 25 miles
SOLUTION:  
Use the Distance Formula.
Substitute.
The distance between Isabel’s house and the mall is
5 miles.
So, the correct option is B.
40. MAPS On a U.S. map, there is a scale that lists
kilometers on the top and miles on the bottom.
Suppose are segments on this map. If
AB = 100 kilometers and CD = 62 miles, is
? Explain.
SOLUTION:   If you have a fever, then you are sick.
If AB = 100 kilometers and CD = 62 miles, then
. According to the scale, 100 km = 62
miles, so AB = CD. By the definition of congruence,
. and you are sick." is true. When this hypothesis is
State the property that justifies each statement.
41. If y + 7 = 5, then y = –2.
SOLUTION:   46. You have a fever, and you are not sick.
To change the equation y + 7 = 5 to  y = –2, 7 must
be subtracted from each side. Use the Subtraction
Property of Equality.
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42. If MN = PQ, then PQ = MN.
If AB = 100 kilometers and CD = 62 miles, then
. According to the scale, 100 km = 62
miles, so AB = CD. By the definition of congruence,
.
State the property that justifies each statement.
41. If y + 7 = 5, then y = –2.
SOLUTION:  
To change the equation y + 7 = 5 to  y = –2, 7 must
be subtracted from each side. Use the Subtraction
Property of Equality.
42. If MN = PQ, then PQ = MN.
SOLUTION:  
Use the Symmetric Property of Equality to change
the equation MN = PQ, to PQ = MN.
43. If a – b = x and b = 3, then a – 3 = x.
SOLUTION:  
Since a – b = x and b = 3, substitute 3 for b. Then a
– 3 = x. This utilizes Substitution.
44. If x(y + z) = 4, then
SOLUTION:  
Use the Distributive Property to change the equation
x(y + z) = 4 to  xy + xz = 4. 
Determine the truth value of the following
statement for each set of conditions.
45. You do not have a fever, and you are sick.
SOLUTION:  
The conditional statement "You do not have a fever,
true and the the conclusion is also true, the
conditional is true.
SOLUTION:  
The conditional statement "You have a fever, and
you are not sick." is false. When the conclusion is
false, the conditional is false is regardless of the
hypothesis  So, the conditional statement is false.
47. You do not have a fever, and you are not sick.
SOLUTION:   Page 16
The conditional statement "You do not have a fever,
and you are not sick." is true. When this hypothesis is
 The conditional statement "You have a fever, and 52. What is another name for line n?
you are not sick." is false. When the conclusion is
false, the conditional is false is regardless of the SOLUTION:  
hypothesis  So,
2-8 Proving Angle the conditional statement is false.
Relationships There are two points P and R marked on the line n.
  So, the line n can also be called as

47. You do not have a fever, and you are not sick. 53. Does line  intersect line m or line n? Explain.
SOLUTION:   SOLUTION:  
The conditional statement "You do not have a fever, Line  intersects both line m or line n. If all three
and you are not sick." is true. When this hypothesis is lines are extended they intersects.
false, the conclusion is also false, So, the conditional
statement is true.
 

48. You have a fever, and you are sick.

SOLUTION:  
The conditional statement "I have a fever, and you
are sick." is true. When this hypothesis is true, the
conclusion is also true. So, the conditional statement
is true.

Refer to the figure.

49. Name a line that contains point P.

SOLUTION:  
Locate point P in the figure. Identify the line that
contains point P. Point P is on line n.

50. Name the intersection of lines n and m.

SOLUTION:  
Locate lines n and m. Identify the point of
intersection. Point R is the intersection of lines n and
m. 

51. Name a point not contained in lines ,m, or n.

SOLUTION:  
Locate  lines  ,m, or n. Identify a point not on the
three lines. Point W is not on lines ,m, or n.

52. What is another name for line n?

SOLUTION:  
There are two points P and R marked on the line n.
So, the line n can also be called as

53. Does line  intersect line m or line n? Explain.

SOLUTION:  
Line  intersects both line m or line n. If all three
lines are extended they intersects.
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