Chemical engineering thermodynamics I work sheet for year 2 students

Part one conceptual question

1. Explain in detail system, boundary, process, state and properties

2. Explain briefly point and path function and illustrate them with examples.

3. State first law of thermodynamics and discus the limitation of first law of

thermodynamics.

4. Which process requires more energy: completely vaporizing 1 kg of saturated liquid

water at 1 atm pressure or completely vaporizing 1 kg of saturated liquid water at 8

atm pressure?

5. Is there any difference between the intensive properties of saturated vapor at a given

temperature and the vapor of a saturated mixture at the same temperature?

6. Suppose one of your friends carried out an experiment on determination of heat

capacity of two substances (water and air) and analyzed the result statistically. Based

on the statistical result he/she concludes that the water substance has higher heat

capacity than that of air substance. Which substance raises and drops its temperature

in short time? Which are not? Why?

7. Explain the benefit of taking chemical engineering thermodynamics I as second year

chemical engineering student (hint: course objective).

Part two: practical question

8. Air at 100 kPa and 280 K is compressed steadily to 600 kPa and 400 K. The mass

flow rate of the air is 0.02 kg/s, and a heat loss of 16 kJ/kg occurs during the process.

Assuming the changes in kinetic and potential energies are negligible, determine the

necessary power input to the compressor.

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9. The power output of an adiabatic steam turbine is 5 MW. Compare the magnitudes of

Δh, Δke, and Δpe. Then determine the work done per unit mass of the steam flowing

through the turbine and calculate the mass flow rate of the steam.

10. A mass of 0.15 kg of air is initially exists at 2 MPa and 350oC. The air is first

expanded isothermally to 500 kPa, then compressed polytropically with a polytropic

exponent of 1.2 to the initial state. Determine the boundary work for each process and

the net work of the cycle.

11. A fluid at 4.15 bar is expanded reversibly according to a law PV = constant to a

pressure of 1.15 bar until it has a specific volume of 0.12 m3/kg. It is then cooled

reversibly at a constant pressure, then is cooled at constant volume until the pressure

is 0.62 bar; and is then allowed to compress reversibly according to a law PV^n =

constant back to the initial conditions. The work done in the constant pressure is 0.525

kJ, and the mass of fluid present is 0.22 kg. Calculate the value of n in the fourth

process, the net work of the cycle and sketch the cycle on a P-V diagram.

12. A rigid tank is divided into two equal parts by a partition. Initially one side of the tank

contains 5 kg water at 200 kPa and 25°C, and the other side is evacuated. The

partition is then removed, and the water expands into the entire tank. The water is

allowed to exchange heat with its surroundings until the temperature in the tank

returns to the initial value of 25°C. Determine (a) the volume of the tank (b) the final

pressure (c) the heat transfer for this process.

13. A slow chemical reaction takes place in a fluid at the constant pressure of 0.1 Mpa.

The fluid is surrounded by a perfect heat insulator during the reaction which begins at

state 1 and ends at state 2. The insulation is then removed and 105 kJ of heat flow to

the surroundings as the fluid goes to state 3. The following data are observed for the

fluid at states 1, 2 and 3.

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State V(m^3) T(℃)

1 0.003 20

2 0.3 370

3 0.06 20

For the fluid system, calculate E2 and E3, if E1=0.

14. The internal energy of a certain substance is given by the following equation

𝑢 = 3.56𝑝𝑣 + 84 Where u is given in KJ/kg, p is in kPa, and v is in m3/kg. A system

composed of 3 kg of this substance expands from an initial pressure of 500 kPa and a

volume of 0.22 m3 to a final pressure 100 kPa in a process in which pressure and volume

are related by 𝑝𝑣^1·2 = constant

(a) If the expansion is quasi-static, find Q, ∆U, and W for the process.

(b) In another process the same system expands according to the same pressure-volume

relationship as in part (a), and from the same initial state to the same final state as in part (a),

but the heat transfer in this case is 30 kJ. Find the work transfer for this process.

(c) Explain the difference in work transfer in pacts (a) and (b).

15. A gas undergoes a thennodynamic cycle consisting of three processes beginning at an

initial state where p1, = l bar, V1 = I.5 m3 and U1 = 512 kJ. The processes arc as follows:

(i) Process 1-2: Compression with pV= constant to p2 = 2 bar,U2 = 690 kJ

(ii) Process 2--3: W2l ·= 0. Q23 = - 150 kJ, and

(iii) Process 3-1: W31 = + 50kJ. Neglecting KE and PE changes, determine

the heat interactions Q12 and Q31.

16. A system consisting of 1 kg of an ideal gas at 5 bar pressure and 0.02 m3 volume

executes a cyclic process comprising the following three distinct operations: (i) Reversible

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expansion to 0.08 m3 volume, 1.5 bar pressure, presuming pressure to be a linear function of

volume (p = a + bV), (ii) Reversible cooling at constant pressure and (iii) Reversible

hyperbolic compression according to law pV = constant. This brings the gas back to initial

conditions.

(i) Sketch the cycle on p-V diagram.

(ii) Calculate the work done in each process starting whether it is done on or by the system

and evaluate the net cyclic work and heat transfer.

17. The heat capacity at constan1 pressure of a certain system is a function of temperature

only and may be expressed as

41.87
𝐶𝑝 = 2.093 + 𝐽/𝐾
𝑡 + 100

where t is the temperature of the system in °C. The system is heated while it is maintained at

a pressure of l atmosphere until its volume increases from 2000 cm3 to 2400 cm3 and its

temperature is increases from 0°C to 100°C. {a) Find the magnitude of the heat interaction.

(b) How much does the internal energy of the system increase?

18. A stationary mass of gas is compressed without friction from an initial state of0.3 m3 and

0.105 MPa to a final state of0.15 m3 and 0.105 MPa, the pressure remaining constant during

the process. There is a transfer of 37.6 kJ of heat from the gas during the process. How much

does the internal energy of the gas change?

Nb: Question no 11, 13 and 16; 10, 12 and 17; 8, 9 and 14 are group assignment for

section C, A and B respectively.

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