The Battery is used as the external energy to make the electrolytic cell.

The lead of the pencil,

which is
IV. Conclusion

The Battery is used as the external energy to make the electrolytic cell. The graphite (pencil
lead) is mostly composed of Carbon and it was used as the solid compound to conduct
electricity or the path of the electrons and acts as electrodes in the experiment.

When the battery is connected to both pencil’s lead, the electrons start to flow and
electrolysis starts to occur. As the battery gives energy and because it is a 'Direct Current'
battery, one of the electrodes (Pencil's lead) becomes an anode and the other one becomes a
cathode. When the current flows, Water, starts to accept and lose electrons. This reaction makes
the decomposition of Water into Hydrogen and Oxygen gases. Specifically, the Chemical
decomposition of Water happens with the RedOx Reaction. The RedOx reaction of the water
decomposing into Hydrogen and Oxygen gases.

In addition, we know that in an Electrolytic Cell, the Reduction Half-Reaction occurs at

the Cathode as the element 'Hydrogen' Accepts electrons from the battery, while, the Oxidation
Half-Reaction happens at the Anode as the element 'Oxygen' loses electrons. In the Cathode,
when the water reacts and accepts electrons, the 2 moles of Hydrogen become neutral. Same
happens with the Anode, but the Oxygen is the one that becomes neutral. In additional, bubbles
are produced more in the Cathode than the Anode because when the water accepts electron in
the cathode, there will be 2 moles of Hydrogen that will become neutral and so making them
a free gas. Meanwhile and at the same time, there is just one mole of oxygen that becomes
neutral in every reaction of water in the Anode.

Over-all Reaction: 2H2O → H2O+ 2H + O

In the next trial we did in the experimentation, we put one tablespoon of Salt (NaCl)
and mixed it with water. Through the process of Hydration, the Salt will be decomposed into
Sodium and chlorine gases.

Salt, when dissolved in water, makes the product a strong electrolyte making the
electrons in the current to flow easily. Now, when NaCl is decomposed through Hydration, the
sodium and chlorine, in separate, attracts Water molecules in a specific arranged manner--
therefore saying that the water, having sodium and chlorine, is now indeed a strong electrolyte.
Now, in comparison with the first experimentation, the RedOx reaction not just happens with
the water, but, with the Sodium and Chlorine as well. But since the decomposition of Sodium
Chloride through hydration doesn't make the Sodium and Chlorine neutral, the reaction will
still vary on the water. The reaction will be just strengthened because of the charge of both
sodium and chlorine. Moreover, Chlorine ions surrounded by water molecules will react to the
Anode as chlorine has a negative ion while on the Sodium Ions surrounded by water molecules
will react to the Cathode. Furthermore, if the two elements with water molecules react with
each electrode (Sodium to Cathode. Chlorine to Anode), the elements, will be neutralized,
resulting for the chlorine to be a free gas and the Sodium as a free element as well. Now, if that
so happens in the reaction, the Anode will produce Oxygen and chlorine gases, and the Cathode
producing still 2 hydrogen gases at a time, leading to the same quantity production of bubbles
of the two electrodes.

The production of hydrogen by the water electrolysis gives the concept of renewability
because it can use a non – greenhouse gas energy source (renewable or nuclear energy). This
technique provides applications that require small volumes of high purity hydrogen, including
the semiconductor and food industry.