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DOCUMENT: FF-806
REVISION: FS 1.0
DATE: March 14, 2000
Resolution List
No. Description of Resolution Affected Sections
1 Rewrote from scratch, basing on all
ISO/IEEE and IEC/ISA bridging
standards
2 Updated after FF HSE DPS review all
3 Updated after FF HSE PS 1.0 review all
4 AR 863 FF-822 §A.2
Bridge Operation Addendum Data Link Protocol Specification FF-806 FS 1.0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
12.5.2 Parameters
All parameters are used.
DL-PUT Request
Parameter Name input output
Buffer-identifier M
DLS-user-data U
DLS-user-data timeliness U
Status M
It is not necessary to note the current DL-time for later reporting as the time-of-production.
12.6.2 Parameters
All parameters except Time-of-production are used as specified in IEC TS 61158-3:1999.
DL-GET Request
Parameter Name input output
Buffer-or-queue-identifier M
Status M
Reported-service-identification-class C
Reported-service-identification
Receiving DLCEP DL-identifier C
Called DL(SAP)-address C
Calling DLSAP-address C
DLL-priority C
DLS-user-data-timeliness
Local DLE timeliness C
Sender and remote DLE timeliness C
DLS-user-data C
A.2.3 Selectors
When the link and node specify the current individual node explicitly (e.g., link designator = 0000 or current link id >= 1000, node
designator = 00 or current node id >= 10), this subset includes all values of Selectors.
The value 07 is reserved for the FIELDBUS FOUNDATION Application Layer Entity and shall be used as the default DLSAP-address selector
when establishing connections.
C.1 Introduction
IEC/ISA Fieldbus links of all data rates may be connected together with bridges, which are DL-relay entities. Each individual link has its
own independent schedule and operation. The extended link created by the bridges allows the interconnection of end systems attached to
separate links as if they were attached to a single unified link. However, time and event synchronization among end systems on the
extended link is weaker than on any single constituent link.
Figure 4 of FF 800, System Architecture, shows the basic topology of a bridged network.
A bridge provides the normal DL-functions for each port, plus specialized forwarding, republishing, time propagation and bridge
coordination functions. A bridge operates below the DL-Service boundary, and is transparent to protocols operating above this boundary.
An extended link may provide the following:
1) An effective increase in the physical extent, the number of permissible attachments, or the total
performance of a link over that possible without use of bridges.
2) Partitioning of the physical link for administrative, maintenance, fault limiting or security
reasons.
3) Integration of individual links of different data rates into a single coherent network.
Note A bridge is a DL-relay entity, and should not be confused with a repeater, which is a PhL-relay
entity. Bridges selectively forward DLPDUs and usually introduce significant delay in the
forwarding process; repeaters forward PhPDUs unselectively with almost no delay. Bridges
have substantial internal state; repeaters have almost none. Bridges can interconnect links of
different data rates; repeaters interconnect segments of identical data rate, possibly with
different modulation or types of media.
C.1.1 Scope.
This annex specifies a general method for the operation of bridges. Bridges provide compatible interconnection of automation equipment
that use the FF DL-service specification, FF 821, and implement the FF DL-protocol specification, FF 822. This annex
1) positions the bridging function within an architectural description of the Data Link Layer;
2) defines the principles of operation of a bridge in terms of the support and preservation of the
DL-Service, and the maintenance of Quality of Service (QoS);
3) identifies the functions to be performed by bridges, and provides an architectural model of the
internal operation of a bridge in terms of processes and entities that provide these functions;
4) specifies a minimal protocol between FF bridges in the extended link, such that the resulting
bridges interoperate with bridges that meet the full requirements of IEC DLP/annex C.
The specification of Remote Bridges, which interconnect Fieldbus links using other communications protocols for the transmission of
DLPDUs among bridges, is outside the scope of this specification.
1) A bridge is not directly addressed by communicating end stations when forwarding DLPDUs
between links; DLPDUs transmitted between end-stations carry DL-addresses of end-stations in
their address fields, not the DL-address of the bridge. However, the bridge itself serves as an
end-station when republishing, and when providing access to management agents and higher-
layer entities collocated with the bridge.
2) All DL-addresses must be unique and addressable within the extended link. For this subset of the
IEC/ISA DL-Protocol, each DL-address shall meet the requirements of F 822/annex A, which is
itself a subset of IEC DLP/annex A.
3) The topology and configuration of the extended link do not otherwise restrict the DL-addresses of
end stations.
C.2.2 Quality of Service (QoS) maintenance.
Bridges are designed so that the quality of the DL-Service supported by a bridge is not significantly inferior to that provided by a single
link. The QoS parameters considered are those related to:
1) Service availability
2) Shared sense of DL-time
3) DLPDU and DLSDU loss
4) DLPDU and DLSDU misordering
5) DLPDU and DLSDU duplication
6) DLPDU transit delay
7) DLPDU lifetime
8) Undetected error rate in forwarded DLPDUs and republished DLSDUs
9) DLPDU and DLSDU priority
10) DLSDU timeliness
11) Throughput
12) Schedule skew when republishing DLSDUs
Note Bridges forward DLPDUs and republish DLSDUs. Therefore, to a first approximation, QoS
related to DLPDUs applies to forwarding, while QoS related to DLSDUs applies to
republishing.
C.2.2.1 Service availability.
The DL layer provides the DL-Service to end stations attached to a single link or extended link. Service availability is measured as that
fraction of some total time during which the service is provided. The operation of a bridge can increase or decrease the service
availability.
The service availability can be increased by automatic reconfiguration of the extended link in order to avoid the use of a failed component
(e.g., repeater, cable or connector) in the data path. The service availability can be lowered by failure of a bridge itself, through denial of
service by a bridge, or through undesired DLPDU discard by a bridge during intervals of bridge resource saturation.
To maximize the service availability, no loss of service or delay in service provision should be caused by bridges, except as a consequence
of a failure, removal or insertion of a component of the extended link. This is regarded as an extraordinary event.
Note A loss of service caused by congestion at an outbound bridge port is not induced by the bridge,
but by the structure and use of the extended link. Such loss can be expected, particularly where
a higher-capacity link is forwarding to a much lower capacity one. In contrast, a loss of service
caused by congestion at an inbound bridge port is attributable to the design of the bridge itself,
in conflict with the above recommendation.
C.2.2.2 Shared sense of DL-time
The DLL provides a shared sense of DL-time. The degree of time synchronization of any two end-stations on the extended link is limited
by the characteristics of the communications path between them. Synchronization degrades with an increasing number of intermediate
bridges.
1) the sending DLE’s receipt of a DLS primitive requesting the transmission of DLS-user data, or
the equivalent event triggering transmission from a publisher DLCEP when no DLSDU send
primitive is involved, and
2) the receiving DLE’s signaling of the availability of the DLS-user data at its DLS interface, or the
equivalent event signaling reception at a subscriber DLCEP when no DLSDU delivery primitive
is involved.
Elapsed time values are computed only on DLSDUs that are successfully transferred.
Since the DLS generally is provided at an abstract interface within the end station, it is not possible to specify precisely the total DLSDU
transit delay. It is, however, possible to measure those components of delay associated with access to the medium and with transmission
and reception. Likewise, those components of the transit delay introduced by a bridge can be measured.
The minimal additional transit delay introduced by a bridge is the sum of:
a) the time taken to (wholly or partially) receive a DLPDU conveying the DLSDU and determine
that it needs to be forwarded;
b) any time required to prepare the DLPDU for forwarding;
c) the time taken to access the medium onto which the DLPDU is to be forwarded.
Note 1 If the DLPDU is completely received before it is forwarded, and if a frame check sequence
(FCS) error is detected in the received DLPDU, then that DLPDU will be discarded without
forwarding.
Note 2 If the DLPDU is only partially received before forwarding commences (known as “cut-
through switching”), the delay induced by the bridge can be as small as a few octet-durations of
the link from which the DLPDU is received.
Note 3 The concept of transit delay applies only to the bridge’s forwarding activities, and not to its
republishing or time-propagation activities.
DLSDU DLSDU
submission delivery
DLSAP DLSAP
DLSDU
transit delay
bridge
forwarding delay
Figure C-1 DLSDU transit delay, DLPDU lifetime and bridge forwarding delay
1) the desired maximum DLPDU lifetime for that priority class of DLPDUs, and
2) the set of DL-paths on the extended link which go through that bridge.
The corresponding attributes of the bridge NMIB, defined in FF 803, are: MaxForwardingDelayUrgent, MaxForwardingDelayNormal and
MaxForwardingDelayTimeAvailable.
Note Careful configuration of these maximum forwarding delays is one means of tuning the
performance of the extended link.
C.2.2.8 Undetected error rate in forwarded DLPDUs and republished DLSDUs.
Protection against undetected errors is provided by the use of a FCS that is
1) included at the end of each DLPDU by the sending DLE prior to transmission;
2) propagated by any bridges, possibly after altering the FCS algorithmically to compensate for the
complementation of a single fixed bit in the first octet of the DLPDU, as specified in IEC
DLP/6.1.1.3;
3) checked by all receiving DLE(s).
DLSDUs retained within the bridge for republishing are also subject to errors due to malfunction of the bridge hardware or software, which
can corrupt the DLSDU while within the bridge. The FCS propagation algorithm for forwarded DLPDUs, which is the basis for the end-to-
end error detection of IEC DLP, is not readily applicable to DLSDUs that are republished. A bridge need not detect corruption of DLSDUs
awaiting republication, nor need the FCS of any republishing DLPDU be a transformation of the FCS of a corresponding subscribing
DLPDU.
C.2.2.11 Throughput.
Bridges localize traffic within the extended link by forwarding only selected DLPDUs and republishing only selected DLSDUs. This
permits the total capacity of the extended link (in DLSDUs transferred per second) to be significantly greater than that provided by an
equivalent single link.
Note A bridge conforming to [IEC DLP] may reassemble segmented DLSDUs as part of the subscribing
process, and then resegment them as part of the republishing process. FF-only devices do not
originate or expect segmented DLSDUs.
The bridge’s Republishing Database is configured with the DLC characteristics of each republishing DLC for which the bridge is
responsible, and of the corresponding subscriber DLC which provides the DLSDUs for republishing.
Note Any ports which are not in the forwarding state and which are not acting as LAS will have their
time sense synchronized to their attached link, rather than to the internal time sense of the
bridge.
C.2.6 Propagation of Application Time.
The Network Management functions resident in the bridge forward application time from a receiving link to other links. The principles for
this forwarding are described in FF 801 and FF 803.
1) Provides a model of operation of a bridge, explains the principal elements of bridge operation and
lists the functions that support these.
2) Discusses the architectural model for a bridge, found in IEC DLP/5.1.2, which governs the
provision of these functions. This includes specifying the states of a bridge port, and the format
and associated protocol for BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units) that facilitate interoperation
with spanning tree bridges.
3) Details the addressing requirements of an extended link and specifies the addressing of entities in
a bridge.
C.3.1 Bridge operation.
The principal elements of bridge operation that differ from the operation of other DLEs are
Note 1 The term filtering is used in this sense as a permissive filter, because that is the sense of the
information configured in the filtering database. The more common language sense of filtering
for discard applies to the set of unselected ports, which is the inverse of the database
information.
The order of DLPDUs of a given DL-priority received on one port and retransmitted on another is preserved.
The functions that support the forwarding of DLPDUs and maintain the QoS supported by the bridge are
1) Reception of all DLPDUs that have no detected error, including retention of the DLPDU’s FCS
as received.
Note: This is a generalization of the basic reception function found in all DLEs.
2) Submission of received DLPDUs to the filtering process for potential forwarding if
a) the DLPDU contains one or more long addresses whose link designators are all non-zero,
b) and
i) the DLPDU type is DC, DT or EC,
Note 2 A bridge which also claims full conformance to [IEC DLP] would add the following
alternative subconditions;
ii) or the DLPDU type is CA, CD, ED or RC,
iii) or the DLPDU is a DT DLPDU that was created in accordance with IEC DLP/7.7.4.3.1
or IEC DLP/7.8.4.3.b.
Filtering of locally originated DLPDUs based on the first address of the DLPDU, with forwarding to
any or all of the ports of the bridge as specified in the filtering database.
3) DLPDU discard to ensure that a maximum forwarding delay is not exceeded.
4) Possible modification of a DLPDU’s frame control octet, with compensatory modification of the
DLPDU’s FCS.
Note 3 A bridge which also claims full conformance to [IEC DLP] would add the following single
item:
5) FCS calculation on those DT DLPDUs created as specified by 2.b.iii just above.
Note This is part of the basic transmission function found in all DLEs.
6) DLPDU transmission, with transmission order determined both by DLPDU priority and by
forwarding delay (for example, the order in the forwarding queue), and with the (modified)
forwarded FCS used where available.
Note This is a generalization of the basic transmission function found in all DLEs.
C.3.1.1.1 Forwarding of a received DLPDU.
A lower-level port-specific process receives a DLPDU, validates its FCS, and classifies the DLPDU based on its frame control octet. If the
received DLPDU
Legend
internal DL-level interface
external DL-service data delivery interface
Note Figure C-2 shows possibly concurrent forwarding and delivery paths.
C.3.1.1.2 Local origination of a DLPDU.
A higher-level process creates a DLPDU and passes it to the lower-level transmission process of each port associated in the filtering
database with the link designator of the DLPDU’s first DL-address, whether or not that port is in the FORWARDING state. Other aspects of
local origination and local delivery are identical to those of a non-bridge DLE. Figure C-3 attempts to convey this processing and these
relationships.
Note: In other words, forwarded and locally originated DLPDUs share the same per-port queues and
are transmitted in priority order, and FIFO within a given priority, in each queue. Therefore the
same discard rules can be applied to received and locally originated DLPDUs.
Legend
internal DL-level interface
external DL-service interface
Note 1 When periodic republishing is required on a port, the link schedule for that port’s link must
contain an entry to compel data transmission by the republishing DLCEP.
Note 2 The FF subset of the IEC DLP protocol does not employ aperiodic republishing; rather it
uses forwarding through the bridge of information as it is published on its originating link.
Bridges fully conformant to the IEC DLP support both periodic and aperiodic republishing.
At port initialization, or whenever the state of a port is changed to FORWARDING, the bridge management entity (BME) initiates all
(re)publishing DLCEPs described in its Republishing Database that have a delocalized DLCEP-address whose DL-link designator is
associated with that port by the Filtering Database.
At port initialization, the BME initiates all subscribing DLCEPs described in its Republishing Database. Multiple entries in the
Republishing Database for a single subscriber DLCEP-address may result in the establishment of only a single subscribing DLCEP.
DL-buffers are allocated as necessary during this process, so that each subscribing DLCEP and all associated (re)publishing DLCEPs are
bound to the same DL-buffer.
Figure C-4 attempts to convey this processing and these relationships.
If the bridge’s NM Agent changes the state of a port from FORWARDING to another state, the bridge management entity terminates
republishing on the DLCEPs associated with that no-longer-forwarding port. The bridge may, but need not, send DC DLPDUs on those
republishing DLCs which are being terminated.
Note 3 When management action is the mechanism for switching among the bridges of a redundant
set of bridges, transmission of a separate DC DLPDU on each of the bridge’s open republishing
DLCs is not recommended. The FF DL-protocol specifies transmission of a DC DLPDU when
terminating a DLC. However, the protocol is designed to survive loss of these DC DLPDUs.
Since management action may be used to take one bridge out of service while activating another
forwarding route through the network, and since termination of a DLC which is just being
switched to another bridge is usually undesirable, the requirement for a final DC DLPDU is
relaxed.
The Bridge management entity is not involved in the actual process of republishing DLSDUs. As each new DLSDU is received at a
subscribing DLCEP, it is written to the DL-buffer. Writing the DL-buffer and its associated timeliness information is the event which
signals each connected republishing DLCEP that the DL-buffer has newly-updated contents.
Note 4 Reception and detection of a duplicate DLSDU at a subscribing DLCEP results in no update
of the buffered DLSDU and no change in that buffered DLSDU’s timeliness attribute.
The rates at which DLSDUs are written to the DL-buffer by the subscribing DLCEP, and are read from the buffer by the publishing
DLCEP(s), are determined by the associated link schedules. The two rates need not be identical.
port 1 port 2
filtering function
DLPDU received for DLPDU sent from
subscriber DLCEP publisher DLCEP
Legend
internal DLL data flow
external DL-service data delivery interface
Note 5 The possibly-concurrent forwarding path, from one port to another, for the DLPDU received
at the subscribing DLCEP is not shown. It does not occur in FF-only bridges because FF
publisher/subscriber DLCs are all single links; if it did, as it can in bridges conforming to [IEC
DLP], it would be identical to the forwarding path of figure C-2.
C.3.1.3 DL-time propagation.
Each bridge functions as a propagator of DL-Time. The bridge adjusts its internal sense of DL-time to that of the single port, if any, which
is in the FORWARDING state and is not acting as LAS. (This is necessarily the root port of the bridge.)
The bridge adjusts the sense of DL-time of each port that is acting as LAS to the bridge’s internal sense of DL-time.
The functions performed by the bridge to support DL-time propagation are:
1) If the port is not acting as LAS, receive TD DLPDUs and adjust local DL-time in the receiving
bridge port, regardless of the port’s state.
Note This is part of the standard functions found in all Basic DLEs.
2) If the receiving port is in the FORWARDING state, then use the port’s DL-time as the bridge’s
internal sense of DL-time.
Note At most one port can be in the forwarding state and not acting as LAS.
3) Adjust local DL-time in each of the bridge ports that are acting as LAS, based on the bridge’s
internal DL-time and time-rate-of-change.
4) Create and transmit new TD DLPDUs on any port at which the bridge is acting as LAS, possibly
because of a significant adjustment of the port’s DL-time.
Note This is part of the standard functions found in all LM DLEs.
C.3.1.4 Access to higher-layer entities within the bridge.
Each Bridge Port also functions as an end station providing access to its System Management Kernel, to its Network Management Agent
(through application layer protocols), and possibly to other applications within the device.
lower-level lower-level
path access and path access and
DL-functions DL-functions
Legend
internal DL-level interface
external DL-service interface
c) interacting with other bridges on the connected links in establishing the topology of the extended
network and determining which non-disabled bridge ports should be forwarding and which
should be blocking.
The BME initiates each subscribing DLCEP and one or more associated republishing DLCs, as configured in the republishing database by
1) allocating a DL-buffer to be used to hold each DLSDU received at the subscribing DLCEP before
it is to be republished,
2) subscribing to the DLC which is providing the information to be republished, and
3) initiating each publishing DLC which is to republish the subscribed-to information.
The timing of these actions is as follows:
i) The DL-buffer is allocated before either the subscribing DLCEP or any of the republishing DLCs
are established.
ii) The subscribing DLCEP is established during bridge initialization or change of port state for any
port which is in either the Blocking or Forwarding state.
Any connection establishment request addressed to the publisher of a republishing DLC is delivered to the BME, which responds by
connecting the would-be subscriber to the existing republishing DLC.
The BME also responds to any connection establishment or disconnection DLPDUs received at those DLCEPs, and to any change in the
operational status of the relevant ports.
The actual act of receiving DLSDUs as a subscriber and republishing them as a publisher is handled as part of the standard connection-
mode functions of the IEC Data Link, using a DL-buffer that is bound to the subscribing DLCEP and to each republishing DLCEP.
Note Reception and detection of a duplicate DLSDU at a subscribing DLCEP results in no update of
the buffered DLSDU and no change in that buffered DLSDU’s timeliness attribute.
The BME also generates DLPDUs for, and responds to DLPDUs received from, the BMEs of other bridges on the immediately connected
links. In IEC DLP/annex C the BME (therein called the Bridge Protocol Entity) manages the bridge spanning tree. In FF bridges, only a
minimal subset of the IEC DLP/annex C functionality is required, to permit FF bridges to coexist and interoperate with bridges conforming
fully to IEC DLP/annex C.
1) It sends a Topology Change Notification BPDU at startup from each bridge port that is
configured to be in the FORWARDING state, and similarly after reconfiguration, from each bridge
port that has just been placed in the FORWARDING state. Table C-1 shows the coding of a
Topology Change Notification BPDU.
Octets 1 2 3 4
01-04 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x80
2) It sends a Configuration BPDU on a port each time it receives a Topology Change Notification
BPDU on that port, and each time it receives a Configuration BPDU on that port with a non-zero
value in any of octets 6 through 13. Table C-2 shows the coding of a Configuration BPDU as
sent by an FF bridge, with non-zero values in octets 27 – 35, and with octet 27 specifying the port
number of the bridge port from which the Configuration BPDU is being transmitted.
Note For more information on BPDUs, and on bridges in general, see IEC DLP/Annex C.
C.3.2.3 Root port determination
A bridge which is not at the root of the bridge spanning tree has one port which most closely connects it to the root of the spanning tree.
That port is known as the bridge’s root port. In bridges conforming to IEC DLP/Annex C, that port is determined automatically by the
ISO/IEC Spanning Tree Protocol.
In FF bridges which do not implement the full spanning tree protocol, the bridge’s root port, if any, is determined by the RootPort entry in
the bridge’s NMIB. A non-zero value identifies that port of the bridge which is the root port; a zero value indicates that the bridge is itself
the root of the bridge spanning tree.
A bridge port which transitions to the FORWARDING state uses the RootPort information to determine whether it should also become LAS
on its connected link; the port needs to become the LAS if and only if it is not the bridge’s root port.
Note This requirement that a bridge which is not the root port become its local link’s LAS minimizes the
skew in DL-time among the set of connected bridges. The root port receives DL-time on its local
link from that link’s LAS; thus the root port must not itself act as LAS. The bridge at the root of
the spanning tree acts as time source for the entire spanning tree; therefore none of its ports are
designated a root port.
C.3.2.4 Port state information
State information associated with each bridge port governs its participation in the extended link. A port of an FF bridge is defined to be in
one of three states set by FF Network Management:
1) DISABLED — The port is incapable of DL-operation as a Bridge-class DLE, usually because the
bridge portion of its database has not been configured. The port is always capable of operation as
a Basic-class DLE, at least to the extent of being brought into active participation on its
connected link and providing access to its System Management Kernel and, after minimal
configuration, to its Network Management Agent. The default state for each bridge port, before
being configured by FF Network Management, is DISABLED.
Note A disabled port may function as either a Basic-class or Link Master-class DLE, as
specified in its standard NMIB for the port. The safest default states for a port are
DISABLED and BASIC class.
2) BLOCKING — The port is capable of DL-operation as a Bridge-class DLE, but is configured to
function as a Link Master rather than a Bridge. It does not forward DLPDUs or republish
DLSDUs, and does not participate in the FF Bridge Annunciation protocol. It subscribes to
DLSDUs that it would republish if it were in the FORWARDING state, so that it is prepared to
transition to that state. If it is not acting as LAS on its attached link, then it synchronizes its local
time sense to the attached link’s, rather than to the bridge’s internal time sense.
Note 1 A port that is a redundant backup for a corresponding port of a parallel bridge would be in
the BLOCKING state.
Note 3 Bridge-internal redundancy managers are expected to be proprietary and to coordinate only
like bridges from a single vendor; a standardized redundancy management approach has not yet
evolved.
Concurrent with entering the FORWARDING state, a bridge port may have to assume the LAS role for the connected link. This assumption
can be by extra-protocol means when it occurs between parallel bridges managed by a common bridge-internal redundancy management
protocol. Otherwise this assumption uses the mechanism for transferring the LAS role described in FF 822, using the IEC DLP. A bridge
port which is in, or entering, the BLOCKING or DISABLED state shall relinquish its LAS role upon request.
Change of bridge port state is not always the consequence of failure. When two bridges cooperatively exchange port states, with one
transitioning from BLOCKING to FORWARDING, and the other from FORWARDING to BLOCKING, the bridges should transition their ports into
the BLOCKING or FORWARDING state synchronously with their release of, or acceptance of, the LAS role at that port. This change of port
state will affect future filtering decisions on DLPDUs received at or for that port, and future republishing actions. However, it is
recommended that a port which has just transitioned to the BLOCKING state continue to transmit already-queued DLPDUs from its
forwarding queues.
Note The term filtering is used in this sense as a permissive filter, because that is the sense of the
information configured in the filtering database. The more common language sense of filtering
for discard applies to the set of unselected ports, which is the inverse of the database
information.
Each FF bridge contains a Filtering Database. Conceptually, the Filtering Database consists of a list of records, each specifying
1) a DL-link designator;
2) an associated port identifier.
The first two entries in this list are read-only, and specify the DL-link designators 0001 and 007F, each of which implies all ports of the
bridge. Any DLPDU addressed to either of these “links” is to be forwarded to all ports other than the port on which it was received.
The other entries each specify a 16-bit link designator in the range 1000 to V(ML), the maximum link designator value (see IEC
DLP/5.7.6.1); and the single port to which a DLPDU addressed to this link should be forwarded when all other enabling conditions are
met.
1) the 32-bit DLCEP-address of the DLC to which the bridge should subscribe for the purpose of
republishing;
2) the characteristics of that DLC (maximum DLSDU size, priority, data delivery features,
authentication, etc.);
3) the 32-bit DLCEP address(es) of the DLC (s) which the bridge should initiate as republisher.
C.3.3 Addressing
C.3.3.1 Link designators.
Each of the constituent links, which together comprise the extended link, has its own unique link designator. The filtering database of each
bridge has an entry for each of these links, specifying the bridge port through which (direct or indirect) access to the link is obtained.
1) whose first delocalized DL-address specifies a link designator that is not in the Forwarding
Database, or
2) that do not require forwarding, based on information in the Forwarding Database, or
3) that are queued for forwarding, frequently after being placed in a forwarding buffer, or
4) that are discarded due to lack of forwarding buffers.
Note Each received DLPDU will fall into exactly one of these categories.
For each transmitting port, statistics should be kept on the number of DLPDUs that were queued for forwarding on that port that have been
discarded due to excessive forwarding delay.
The header of the last DLPDU whose first DL-address specifies a link designator that is not in the bridge’s Forwarding Database should be
retained for diagnostic use.
1) If the first delocalized DL-address is an active DLSAP-address of the DLE, the DLPDU record is
passed to the upper-level process that handles DLPDUs received at that DLSAP.
2) If the first delocalized DL-address is an active group DL-address of the DLE, for each local
DLSAP which is a member of the group, the DLPDU record is passed to the upper-level process
that handles DLPDUs received at that DLSAP.
3) If the first delocalized DL-address is an active DLCEP-address of the DLE, for each local
DLCEP which is associated with that DLCEP-address, the DLPDU record is passed to the upper-
level process associated with that DLCEP as follows:
a) If the DLE has a publisher DLCEP for that DLCEP-address, and the DLPDU class is one
which should be forwarded to publishers, then the DLPDU record is passed to the process
associated with that publisher DLCEP.
b) If the DLE has one or more subscriber DLCEPs for that DLCEP-address, and the DLPDU
class is one that should be forwarded to subscribers, then for each of those subscriber
DLCEPs, the DLPDU record is passed to the process associated with that subscriber DLCEP.
4) If
a) the received DLPDU contained one or more explicit DL-addresses, and
b) all of those addresses were LONG with non-zero link designators, and
c) the link-designator of the first delocalized DL-address is in the filtering database of the DLE,
then the DLPDU record is passed to the lower-level transmission process of each port associated
with that link designator in the filtering database that is in the FORWARDING state, except the port
on which the DLPDU was received.
Lower-level port-specific transmission processes retransmit forwarded DLPDUs on their associated links. The actual octets of the received
DLPDU, which were retained in fields c) and e) of the received DLPDU record, are used to retransmit the DLPDU. If the FINAL bit of the
received frame control octet needs to be complemented before transmission, then the received FCS is modified as specified in IEC
DLP/6.1.1.3 before that FCS is transmitted. A new FCS is never calculated for a forwarded DLPDU.
Receive statistics are kept as specified in C.3.7.
Note Alternatives 1) through 3) are identical for, and apply to, both bridge and non-bridge
DLEs.However, the set of DL-addresses recognized by bridge DLEs as relating to the bridge
itself is generally larger than the similar set for non-bridge DLEs. Each bridge port is required
to recognize the DL-addresses of all of that bridge’s ports, regardless of the port states of those
ports. Without such recognition, it would not be possible for System and Network Management
to configure a bridge port other than the one on which the DLPDU was received.
C.4.3 Model of local origination of a DLPDU.
A higher-level process creates a locally originated DLPDU record consisting of
1) If the first delocalized DL-address is an active DLSAP-address of the DLE, the DLPDU record is
passed to the upper-level process that handles DLPDUs received at that DLSAP.
2) Otherwise, if the first delocalized DL-address is an active group DL-address of the DLE, for each
local DLSAP which is a member of the group and which is not the sending DLSAP, the DLPDU
record is passed to the upper-level process which handles DLPDUs received at that DLSAP.
3) Otherwise, if the first delocalized DL-address is an active DLCEP-address of the DLE, for each
local DLCEP which is associated with that DLCEP-address and which is not the sending DLCEP,
the DLPDU record is passed to the upper-level process associated with that DLCEP as follows:
a) If the DLE has a publisher DLCEP for that DLCEP-address, and the DLPDU class is one
which should be forwarded to publishers, then the DLPDU record is passed to the process
associated with that publisher DLCEP.
b) If the DLE has one or more subscriber DLCEPs for that DLCEP-address, and the DLPDU
class is one which should be forwarded to subscribers, then for each of those subscriber
DLCEPs, the DLPDU record is passed to the process associated with that subscriber DLCEP.
A) If the first delocalized DL-address is in the filtering database of the DLE, then the DLPDU record
is passed to the lower-level transmission process of each port associated with that entry in the
filtering database.
B) Otherwise, if the link-designator of the first delocalized DL-address is in the filtering database of
the DLE, then the DLPDU record is passed to the lower-level transmission process of each port
associated with that link designator in the filtering database.
Lower-level port-specific transmission processes transmit locally originated DLPDUs on their associated links by
− building a link-appropriate header from fields a) and b), possibly localizing and omitting all or
part of the DL-addresses from the DLPDU in the process,
a) the subscriber DLCEP, responsible for receiving published DLPDUs, detecting duplicate
transmissions of sequence-numbered DLPDUs, and buffering the contained DLSDU from a non-
duplicated transmission in a DL-buffer, together with the DLSDU’s timeliness status.
b) the DL-buffer that holds the last-DLSDU received as a subscriber, together with its timeliness
status, and makes it available as the source DLSDU for republishing.
c) the publisher DLCEP, responsible for transmitting the DLSDU and its timeliness status on its
new DLC, updating any sequence number associated with the transmission only when the buffer
has been updated since the prior transmission on the DLCEP.
C.4.5 DLPDU transmission.
The lower-level DLL process associated with each bridge port transmits DLPDUs on that port in accordance with the associated link’s
schedule.
DLPDUs which were received from another port and forwarded are retransmitted without alteration, except perhaps for complementation
of the FINAL bit in the DLPDU’s first octet (the frame control octet) and corresponding complementation of specific bits in the forwarded
DLPDU’s FCS, where the FCS complementation pattern is a function only of the number of octets in the DLPDU. (See IEC DLP/6.1.1.3.)
DLPDUs that are locally originated within the DLE are submitted by the upper-level DLL entity directly to the forwarding process for
transmission on the port(s) associated with the first address of the DLPDU. DLPDUs that address the sending bridge as an end-station are
also delivered to the upper-level DLL entity for processing.