Bruce Anchor Tensioner Manual

BRUCE ANCHOR LIMITED
ANCHOR HOUSE, CRONKBOURNE, DOUGLAS,

ISLE OF MAN, IM4 4QE, BRITISH ISLES
Tel No: +44-1624-629203 Fax No: +44-1624-622227
E-mail: engineering@bruceanchor.co.uk
Website: www.bruceanchor.co.uk
BRUCE CHAIN TENSIONER
HANDLING PROCEDURE
ISSUE UPDATED BY CHECKED DATE APPROVED BY

1 27/1/94 PEF
2 23/08/01 KG
3 08/04/02 KG BOH 30/01/03
(This document is formatted for duplex printing)

RELEASE APPROVAL STAMP
UPDATED: ..............................DATE: ..................
CHECKED: ..............................DATE: ..................
APPROVED:............................DATE: ..................
Page 2 of 71 BRUCE ANCHOR LTD Chain Tensioner Procedure

BRUCE CHAIN TENSIONER HANDLING PROCEDURES
COPYRIGHT BRUCE ANCHOR LTD
IMPORTANT
This document should be read and understood by all directing staff involved in anchor
and chain tensioner handling before operations commence. This will include the
masters of the anchor handling vessels (AHV) and winch operators.
The procedure described refer only to applications where chain anchor lines are used.
Applications could range from semi-submersibles to marker buoys but are not restricted
to the use of any particular type of anchor system.
The procedures are based partly upon working scale models and partly upon
operational experience.
Whilst every effort has been made in the preparation of the manual to ensure successful
chain tensioner handling, the following procedures described are only suggested
methods and may be modified in the field in light of practical requirements.
BRUCE ANCHOR LTD would be grateful for any information, suggestions or

recommendations to improve the procedures described in this manual.
BRUCE ANCHOR LTD Chain Tensioner Procedure Page 3 of 71

CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 BRUCE CHAIN TENSIONING SYSTEM................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 BRUCE CHAIN TENSIONER ................................................................................................................................. 8
1.3 BRUCE TENSION MEASURING DEVICE........................................................................................................... 10
2. ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY PROCEDURES............................................................................................ 12
2.1 TENSIONING SYSTEM ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS ...................................................................................... 12
2.2 TENSIONING SYSTEM DISASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS ............................................................................... 20
3. TENSIONING PROCEDURE ................................................................................................................................ 26
3.1 TENSIONER DEPLOYMENT................................................................................................................................ 26
Stage 1 – Deployment From The Deck Of The AHV/AHT........................................................................ 26
Stage 2 – Lowering The Tensioner To The Seabed................................................................................ 30
3.2 MOORING CHAIN TENSIONING PROCEDURE................................................................................................. 32
Stage 1 – First Heave Operation............................................................................................................... 32
Stage 2 – Second And Subsequent Tensioning Heave Operations.................................................... 37
3.3 TENSIONER RECOVERY..................................................................................................................................... 38
Stage 1 – Recovery From The Seabed To The AHV Stern Roller.......................................................... 38
Stage 2 – Decking On Board The AHV/AHT............................................................................................. 42
4. REVISION HISTORY ............................................................................................................................................ 44
APPENDICES........................................................................................................................................................................... 45
APPENDIX A: TENSIONER CALCULATIONS USING STANDARD CATENARY THEORY.......................................... 46
APPENDIX B: UMBILICAL TENSION MEASURING SYSTEM - OPERATING PROCEDURE..................................... 50
APPENDIX C: BRUCE TENSION TELEMETRY SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONS ................................................................. 52
APPENDIX D: TENSION MEASURING SYSTEM EQUIPMENT DATA SHEETS........................................................... 58
APPENDIX E: BRUCE SHACKLE ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS ............................................ 66

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1.1.1. - BRUCE CHAIN TENSIONING SYSTEM..........................................................................................................7

FIGURE 1.2.1. - BRUCE CHAIN TENSIONER............................................................................................................................9
FIGURE 1.3.1. - BRUCE TENSION MEASURING SYSTEM....................................................................................................11
FIGURE 2.1.1. - AHV DECK PRIOR TO TENSIONER ASSEMBLY.........................................................................................13

FIGURE 2.1.2. - FITTING THE TENSIONER ON THE ACTIVE TRAIN.....................................................................................15
FIGURE 2.1.3. - ASSEMBLY OF THE TENSION MEASURING LINK.....................................................................................17
FIGURE 2.1.4. - CONNECTION OF THE PASSIVE ANCHOR CHAIN.....................................................................................17
FIGURE 2.1.5. - CONNECTION OF THE PENDANT .................................................................................................................19
FIGURE 2.1.6. - ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF PASSING THE ACTIVE CHAIN THROUGH THE TENSIONER BODY..........19
FIGURE 2.2.1. - STOPPERING OFF THE TWO ANCHOR CHAINS ........................................................................................21

FIGURE 2.2.2. - REMOVAL OF THE PASSIVE CHAIN AND THE TENSION MEASURING LINK .........................................21
FIGURE 2.2.3. - REMOVING THE TENSIONER FROM THE ACTIVE CHAIN - METHOD 1....................................................23
FIGURE 2.2.4. - REMOVING THE TENSIONER FROM THE ACTIVE CHAIN - METHOD 2....................................................25
FIGURE 3.1.1. - AHV POSITION PRIOR TO DEPLOYMENT OF TENSIONER .......................................................................27

FIGURE 3.1.2. - DEPLOYMENT OVER THE STERN ROLLER.................................................................................................29
FIGURE 3.1.3. - TRANSPONDER UNIT NEGOTIATING THE STERN ROLLER .....................................................................29
FIGURE 3.1.4. - LOWERING THE TENSIONER TO THE SEABED .........................................................................................31
FIGURE 3.2.1. - TENSIONING HEAVE OPERATION................................................................................................................33

FIGURE 3.2.2. - TENSIONING SLACK OPERATION ...............................................................................................................35
FIGURE 3.2.3. - VESSEL POSITION REQUIREMENTS ..........................................................................................................35
FIGURE 3.3.1. - AHV POSITION PRIOR TO RECOVERY ........................................................................................................39

FIGURE 3.3.2. - BRINGING THE TENSIONER TO THE SURFACE ........................................................................................39
FIGURE 3.3.3. - TRANSPONDER UNIT NEGOTIATING THE STEN ROLLER DURING TENSIONER RECOVERY.............41
FIGURE 3.3.4. - TENSIONER NEGOTIATING THE STERN ROLLER DURING RECOVERY.................................................43
FIGURE 3.3.5. - STOPPERING OFF THE ANCHOR CHAINS AFTER TENSIONER RECOVERY..........................................43
FIGURE A.1. - SIMPLIFIED SYSTEM FOR CALCULATION OF ANCHOR CHAIN TENSION USING CATENARY THEORY46
FIGURE D.1. - BRUCE TENSIONER CT-76-1 ..........................................................................................................................62

FIGURE D.2. - BRUCE TENSIONER CT-95-1 ..........................................................................................................................63
FIGURE D.3. - BRUCE TENSIONER CT-114-1 ........................................................................................................................64
FIGURE D.4. - BRUCE TENSIONER CT-114-2 ........................................................................................................................65
FIGURE E.1. - SHACKLE PIN LOCKING ASSEMBLY............................................................................................................67

FIGURE E.2. - SHACKLE LOCKING PIN REMOVAL...............................................................................................................69
FIGURE E.3. - BRUCE STREAMLINED ANCHOR SHACKLE.................................................................................................70
FIGURE E.4. - FORGED SHACKLE 200T S.W.L. SPECIAL....................................................................................................71
NOTE
Please confirm with BRUCE ANCHOR LTD the current drawing issues of Figures D1, D2, D3, D4, E3 and E4.

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BRUCE CHAIN TENSIONING SYSTEM
The complete Bruce Chain Tensioning System is shown in fig. 1.1.1.
The system enables anchor or piles to be preloaded or proof tested in pre-installed

systems, so giving a high degree of confidence in their integrity.
Either opposed anchor pairs in a symmetrical pattern, or individual anchors (with a

recoverable deadman anchor), can be set using this system.
In a single operation the two anchor points are proof loaded, anchor cables embedded
and the required test load held for whatever period necessary for acceptance.
A vertical pull on the tail of the active anchor chain at the surface produces a near
horizontal pull at the seabed to set the two opposed anchors equally.
With this geometry, the anchor setting pull at the seabed can be up to 2.5-3.0 times
greater than the applied vertical pull at the surface, so enabling modest capacity
winches to be used.
The system can be readily instrumented for continuous load measurement during anchor
chain tensioning operations.

RECOVERY PENDANT LINE
TENSION MEASURING LINK (TML)
ACTIVE CHAIN
PASSIVE CHAIN
SECTION SHOWING THE PASSAGE

ENLARGED VIEW OF TENSIONER OF THE ACTIVE CHAIN THROUGH
THE TENSIONER BODY
ANCHOR HANDLING VESSEL(AHV)
WATER SURFACE
RECOVERY PENDANT LINE.
PASSIVE CHAIN
TENSIONER BODY
ACTIVE CHAIN
ACTIVE ANCHOR
PASSIVE ANCHOR
SEABED
TENSION MEASURING LINK

FIGURE 1.1.1. - BRUCE CHAIN TENSIONING SYSTEM

1.2 BRUCE CHAIN TENSIONER
Ref. Fig. 1.2.1.
The Bruce Chain Tensioner provides a simple and reliable means of pretensioning any
offshore mooring system, using only a single supply vessel in some instances.
The compact and streamlined one-piece alloy steel casting of comparatively low weight
decks over the stern roller of a supply vessel in a predicable and controlled manner.
Other than the anchor chain itself, there are no moving parts to jam with seabed
material, so providing high reliability.
Standard connecting links, Kenter links, enlarged links and end links of the designed
chain size will pass through the tensioner such that bending stresses across the plane of
the links are eliminated.
The Tensioner can, if circumstances demand, be fitted onto the active chain at any point
without disconnection of the chain.
The active anchor chain is passed through the tensioner body and the passive anchor
chain is connected to the tensioner body via a modified shackle with a special
lengthened pin.
A pendant line lug connection on the tensioner body allows for recovery after tensioning
operations have been completed. The pendant line may also be used to determine the
depth of the tensioner during tensioning operations by “marking” the line at regular
intervals.
Note that a tensioner of given size, for example 4½” or 114mm, is designed to be used
with a particular size of mooring chain.
Other sizes of chain may be used with the tensioner (see data sheet 2 in APPENDIX D)
but free passage of the chain through the device should be checked prior to
commencing operations.
For the suitability of a given tensioner size with particular mooring chain size, the
operator should consult the Engineering Department at BRUCE ANCHOR LTD.

PLAN
TENSIONER SIZE IDENTIFICATION
CT***-* MADE IN UK
REAR END VIEW SIDE VIEW FRONT END VIEW
UNDERSIDE VIEW
CENTRELINE SECTION SHOWING

TENSIONER INTERNAL DETAILS.
FIGURE 1.2.1. - BRUCE CHAIN TENSIONER

1.3 BRUCE TENSION MEASURING DEVICE
Ref. Fig. 1.3.1.
The Bruce Tension Measuring Device comprises a tensile link to which a series of strain
gauge bridges are attached. The link provides direct measurement of load when fitted
in one of the two horizontal anchor lines - usually the passive or deadman line. The link
has two shackles for connection to the passive anchor chain, or for connection between
the passive chain and the tensioner body shackle.
Signals from the tension measuring link (TML) may be transmitted to the AHV either via
an umbilical cable system, or an acoustic transponder system (two versions of which are
shown).
The umbilical system is relatively simple but the practical working depth is limited to
about 100m, whereas the acoustic transponder system has the potential for operation
over the full range of possible depth.
In both system the load is indicated in tonnes on board the surface vessel via a load
indicating unit (LIU).
An associated chart recorder may also be employed for hard copy of load with time or
an analogue output can be connected to a data acquisition system.
The operation of the umbilical system is described in APPENDIX B (with information

provided in data sheet 1 in APPENDIX D). The two possible acoustic transponder
system variants are described in APPENDIX C.

SURFACE EQUIPMENT.
SIGNAL TRANSMITTED
VIA LBL TRANSDUCER
FLOATATION TO PROGRAMMABLE
COLLAR. ACOUSTIC NAVIGATOR
(PAN) TYPE 7145
COMPATT (MF) LOCATED ON AHT/AHV
TYPE 7200. AT SURFACE.
LBL TRANSDUCER.
APPROX. 2 METRES
OF CABLE BETWEEN
ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM.
TML AND COMPATT.
SIGNAL TRANSMITTED
TO "SMART" LIGHTWEIGHT
COMMAND UNIT (LCU)
TYPE 7667/7663
LCU. LOCATED ON AHV
AT SURFACE AND
CONTROLLED/ACCESSED
BY PSION ORGANISER.
ACOUSTIC TRANSPONDER TYPE SYSTEM - FULL RANGE OF DEPTHS.
HAND WINCH.
LOAD INDICATING
UNIT (LIU).
SIGNAL CARRIED TO LOAD
INDICATING UNIT LOCATED
ON AHV AT SURFACE OPTIONAL ANALOGUE OUTPUT
VIA AN UMBILICAL CABLE TO CHART RECORDER.
(LENGTH TO SUIT WATER
DEPTH AT SITE).
BRUCE TENSION
MEASURING LINK (TML)
PROOF LOADED AND
CALIBRATED PRIOR TO HIRE.
BRUCE SHACKLE (2 OFF)

SUPPLIED WITH LINK.
PROTECTIVE COVER.
UMBILICAL TYPE SYTEM - DEPTHS UP TO 100M MAXIMUM.
FIGURE 1.3.1. - BRUCE TENSION MEASURING SYSTEM

2. ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY PROCEDURES
2.1 TENSIONING SYSTEM ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS
The tensioner may be used from many different vessels (including crane barges
and diving support vessels) but for simplicity these procedures are based on
deployment from an anchor handling vessel (AHV), complete with twin chain
stoppers (sharks jaws/pelican hooks etc).
ASSEMBLY PROCEDURE
Ref. Fig. 2.1.1.
It is assumed that both anchors to be used in the tensioning operation have been
correctly deployed onto the seabed. The active anchor chain is connected to the AHV
main winch at the wildcat or via the workwire and is stoppered off on deck. The
deadman anchor chain is also stoppered off on the deck.
Anchor deployment may vary with each application and is beyond the scope of this
procedure. The Bruce Tensioning System assembly is comprised of the following:
Items Employed ........................................................................................................... No. off
Bruce Chain Tensioner.........................................................................................................X 1

Tensioner Shackle with Lengthened Pin ............................................................................X 1
Bruce Tension Measuring Link and Associated Equipment( see appendices).............X 1
Shackle for Tension Measuring Link ...................................................................................X 2
* Pendant Line .......................................................................................................................X 1
* Pendant Line Shackle ........................................................................................................X 1
See appendix E for assembly and disassembly instructions of Bruce Streamlined

Shackles, if appropriate.
* BRUCE ANCHOR LTD do not usually supply the pendant line or connecting
pendant shackle for the tensioner.
Note: The anchor chains to be tensioned must be laid as taut, straight and free from
twists as possible before commencing tensioner operations.

TENSION MEASURING LINK AND CONNECTING SHACKLES.
AHV DECK PLAN VIEW.

PORT TUGGER WINCH.
PASSIVE CHAIN.
STERN ROLLER.
TENSIONER SHACKLE AND PIN.
TO AHV
MAIN WINCH.
ACTIVE CHAIN. RECOVERY PENDANT LINE.
TENSIONER BODY.
CHAIN STOPPERS. STARBOARD TUGGER WINCH.
FIGURE 2.1.1. - AHV DECK PRIOR TO TENSIONER ASSEMBLY

PROCEDURE
Ref. Fig. 2.1.2.
1. With both anchor chains stoppered off on the deck of the AHV the tensioner can
be turned onto its side (if not already in this position) using tugger winches and
moved into a position such that the active anchor chain can pass through the body.
This is done by moving the tensioner body and anchor chain, by way of tugger
winches, such that a single link negotiates the ‘U’-shaped rails inside the tensioner
body and comes to rest in the internal cruciform - shaped passage.

2.
ONCE ENGAGED WITH THE

1. CHAIN,THE BODY IS ROTATED
USING TUGGER WINCHES AND/OR
ROTATE THE PENDANT LINE WINCH
SO THAT THE CHAIN RIDES
AROUND THE RAILS UNTIL NO
FURTHER MOVEMENT IS POSSIBLE.
POSITION THE TENSIONER ROTATE

ALONGSIDE THE CHAIN AS SHOWN.
SLIDE THE BODY AROUND

THE CHAIN SUCH THAT THE
CHAIN ENGAGES THE U-SHAPED
RAILS.
4.
3.
THEN ROTATE
WITH THE CHAIN PULLED

THROUGH INTO THE CRUCIFORM
APERTURE, THE TENSIONER IS
FULLY THREADED ONTO THE
ACTIVE CHAIN.
FIRST PULL
PASS A STROP
THROUGH THE TENSIONER
BODY, THE CHAIN IS PULLED
INTO THE CENTRE CRUCIFORM
APERTURE.
AT THE SAME TIME THE TENSIONER BODY
IS FURTHER ROTATED TO ACHIEVE
COMPLETE ENGAGEMENT.
FIGURE 2.1.2. - FITTING THE TENSIONER ON THE ACTIVE TRAIN

Ref. Fig. 2.1.3.
2. The tension measuring link can then be connected to the end of the passive anchor
along with its associated shackles.
Ref. Fig. 2.1.4.
3. The free shackle of the tension measuring link assembly is then connected to the
tensioner body via the tensioner shackle. This can be achieved by moving either
the passive anchor chain or the tensioner body using tugger winches.

STRAIN GAUGED TENSION
MEASURING LINK.
TO INSTRUMENTATION.
SHACKLE PIN.
TENSION MEASURING LINK CONNECTING SHACKLES.
FIGURE 2.1.3. - ASSEMBLY OF THE TENSION MEASURING LINK
TENSIONER SHACKLE.
CONNECT THE TENSION MEASURING
LINK TO THE PASSIVE CHAIN.
CONNECT THE TENSIONER SHACKLE

PASSIVE CHAIN. TO THE TENSION MEASURING LINK.
TENSIONER BODY.
ACTIVE CHAIN.
STARBOARD TUGGER WINCH.
CONNECT THE PASSIVE CHAIN TO THE TENSIONER BODY.
FIGURE 2.1.4. - CONNECTION OF THE PASSIVE ANCHOR CHAIN

Ref. Fig. 2.1.5.
4. The pendant line is paid out from the AHV winch second drum and shackled to the
tensioner body attachment lug.
5. Finally, the tension measuring link can then be connected to its associated
equipment - the nature of which will depend upon whether the system uses an
umbilical cable or acoustic transponders - see APPENDICES B and C.
Ref. Fig. 2.1.6.
As a variation in step one of this procedure, it may be appropriate to connect the

passive mooring chain and tension measuring link to the tensioner body before the
active anchor chain is passed through.
If this is the case, then the active anchor chain must be stoppered off and broken (for
example, at a Kenter link, or at the workwire if in use). The end of the active anchor
chain can then be threaded or reeved through the tensioner body cruciform aperture
using tugger winches and reconnected.

PASSIVE CHAIN.
TENSIONER BODY.
ACTIVE CHAIN.
PAY OUT THE PENDANT LINE FROM THE AHV WINCH

AND CONNECT TO THE TENSIONER.
FIGURE 2.1.5. - CONNECTION OF THE PENDANT
PASS WIRE STROP THROUGH THE TENSIONER

BODY AND CONNECT TO THE ACTIVE CHAIN. PORT TUGGER WINCH.
KENTER LINK.
TENSIONER BODY.
PASSIVE CHAIN.
DISCONNECTED ACTIVE CHAIN.
REEVE ACTIVE CHAIN

THROUGH THE
TENSIONER BODY.
RECONNECT THE ACTIVE CHAIN.
DISCONNECTED ACTIVE CHAIN.
FIGURE 2.1.6. - ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF PASSING THE ACTIVE CHAIN THROUGH THE TENSIONER BODY

2.2 TENSIONING SYSTEM DISASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS
DISASSEMBLY PROCEDURE
Again, as for assembly, the tensioning system is assumed to be on the deck of an AHV,
prior to disassembly.
PROCEDURE
Ref. Fig. 2.2.1.
1. With the tensioner decked on board the AHV stopper off both the active and the
passive anchor chains at the stern of the AHV.
2. Disconnect the tension measuring link from its associated equipment.
Ref. Fig. 2.2.2.
3. Disconnect the passive anchor chain from the tensioner body and remove the
tension measuring link and its associated shackles.

TUGGER WINCHES MAY BE REQUIRED TO PULL THE
AHV DECK PLAN. TWO CHAINS INTO ALIGNMENT WITH THE CHAIN STOPPERS.
PASSIVE CHAIN.
TENSIONER BODY.
ACTIVE CHAIN.
CHAIN STOPPERS.
FIGURE 2.2.1. - STOPPERING OFF THE TWO ANCHOR CHAINS
REMOVE TENSION MEASURING LINK.
PORT TUGGER WINCH. TENSIONER SHACKLE AND PIN.

TENSION MEASURING LINK.
REMOVE TENSIONER SHACKLE OR

SHACKLE FROM TML.
PASSIVE CHAIN.
REMOVE PASSIVE CHAIN.
TENSIONER BODY.
ACTIVE CHAIN. REMOVE PENDANT LINE AS REQUIRED.
FIGURE 2.2.2. - REMOVAL OF THE PASSIVE CHAIN AND THE TENSION MEASURING LINK

Ref. Fig. 2.2.3.
4. If the tensioner shackle is removed from the tensioner body, the tensioner body
can be hauled clear of the active anchor chain using tugger winches.
This will be the reverse of the procedure described in section 2.1, step 1.
See also fig. 2.1.2 in section 2.1.

1. 2.
THE TENSIONER IS POSITIONED USING A STROP,THE

WITH THE ACTIVE CHAIN PASSING ACTIVE CHAIN IS PULLED
THROUGH THE CRUCIFORM FROM THE CRUCIFORM AND
OF THE DEVICE. INTO THE U-SHAPED RAILS.
AT THE SAME TIME,THE BODY
IS ROTATED TO ENSURE
COMPLETE ENGAGEMENT.
4.
3.
THE BODY IS FURTHER

ROTATED SO THAT IT RIDES ONCE THE U-SHAPED RAILS
AROUND THE RAILS. HAVE BEEN TRAVERSED,THE TENSIONER
BODY WILL DISENGAGE FROM THE ACTIVE
CHAIN IN THE ORIENTATION SHOWN.
FIGURE 2.2.3. - REMOVING THE TENSIONER FROM THE ACTI VE CHAIN - METHOD 1

Ref. Fig. 2.2.4.
As an alternative to step 4 of this procedure, if the passive anchor chain is left attached
to the tensioner body, the active anchor chain must be disconnected at a Kenter link, or
at the AHV work wire.
The tensioner body can then be pulled clear of the active anchor chain by hauling on the
pendant line.
This will be the reverse of the alternative procedure described:-

Section 2.1, step 1.
See also fig 2.1.6 in section 2.1.

DISCONNECT THE ACTIVE CHAIN AT A SUITABLE POINT (E.G. A KENTER).
KENTER LINK.
ACTIVE CHAIN.
TML.
PASSIVE CHAIN.
HAUL ON THE RECOVERY PENDANT LINE.
ACTIVE CHAIN.
TENSIONER BODY.
PASSIVE CHAIN AND TML.
ACTIVE CHAIN.
THE TENSIONER COMES CLEAR OF

THE ACTIVE CHAIN.
FIGURE 2.2.4. - REMOVING THE TENSIONER FROM THE ACTI VE CHAIN - METHOD 2

3. TENSIONING PROCEDURE
3.1 TENSIONER DEPLOYMENT
Ref. Fig. 3.1.1.
The following procedure assumes that the tensioning system is in its assembled state
on the deck of the AHV, the assembly procedure of Section 2.1 having been followed.
Both anchor chains are stoppered off at the stern of the AHV, and the AHV is positioned
midway between the two anchor locations.
In this case it is assumed the system to be pre-tensioned is an opposed anchor pair and
that the Bruce Tension Measuring Link is to be used. See Appendix B for tension
measuring using an umbilical system and Appendix C for acoustic system procedures.
Stage 1 – Deployment From The Deck Of The AHV/AHT
1. The load is taken by the pendant line and the active chain (attached to the AHV
main winch via the wildcat or workwire) and the chain stoppers are released. At
this point (or when the tensioner is just below the surface of the water at the stern
roller) the tension measuring system can be tested since the load in the passive
chain will rise as the stopper is removed. The value measured can be cross
checked against the AHV winch load indicator and a calculated value for the
suspended mass of chain overboard. All three values should agree.

AHV COMMENCES OPERTATIONS CLOSE TO THE CENTRE OF THE MOORING PATTERN.
WATER SURFACE.
AHV.
PASSIVE CHAIN.
ACTIVE CHAIN.
PASSIVE ANCHOR.
ACTIVE ANCHOR.
SEABED.
FIGURE 3.1.1. - AHV POSITION PRIOR TO DEPLOYMENT OF TENSIONER

Ref. Fig. 3.1.2. & Fig. 3.1.3.
2. The pendant line is paid out, and the weight of the passive chain pulls the tensioner
over the stern roller.
Note, it may be possible that the tensioner can become trapped on deck by the
active chain. If this occurs, tugger winches can be used to move the tensioner free
of the section of the active chain causing the problem.
NOTE, that if an umbilical tension measurement system is used, this must also be paid
out but care must be taken to avoid excessive tensile loads being generated in the
umbilical cable. As a rough guide, 20 metres more of umbilical line than pendant line
should be paid out to ensure that vessel pitch and roll are compensated for (see
Appendix B).
What ever tension measurement system is used, care must be taken to minimise the
risk of damage to the tension measuring link and associated equipment as the
tensioner passes over the stern roller of the AHV.
If an acoustic system is used, it may be appropriate to hold the transponder unit

connected to the tension measuring link clear of the tensioner using, for example, an
expendable line or grapple as the stern roller is negotiated, or by holding the
transponder directly if sufficient cable is available.
Similarly, if an umbilical system is used, the cable must lie to one side of the tensioner
on the deck of the AHV, but it may be appropriate to physically ensure that it remains in
this position as the stern roller is negotiated, again with, for example, a grapple. Floats
may also be attached to the umbilical at a distance of 15-20 metres from the tension
measuring link to provide buoyancy. To ensure that it stays clear of the tensioner during
the “heave” and “slack” operations, the umbilical cable may be held off the AHV/AHT
using a tender vessel if desired.

PLAN OF AHV DECK.
TUGGER WINCH.
AFTER THE CHAIN STOPPERS ARE RELEASED, CONNECT TENSION MEASURING LINK
THE WEIGHT OF THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TO INDICATOR AND CHECK ZERO
CHAINS PULLS THE TENSIONER OVER THE BEFORE STOPPERS ARE RELEASED.
STERN ROLLER AGAINST THE WINCH BRAKE.
PASSIVE CHAIN.
TENSIONER BODY. AHV WINCH TAKES LOAD ON

ACTIVE CHAIN AND PENDANT LINE
ACTIVE CHAIN. BEFORE CHAIN STOPPERS ARE
RELEASED.
CHAIN STOPPER.
TUGGER WINCH.
STERN ROLLER.
FIGURE 3.1.2. - DEPLOYMENT OVER THE STERN ROLLER
PLAN OF AHV DECK.

GRAPPLE OR EXPENDABLE LINE
AS THE TRANSPONER UNIT NEGOTIATES

THE STERN ROLLER, IT IS KEPT CLEAR OF THE
CABLE CONNECTING THE TRANSPONDER
TENSIONER BY WAY OF A GRAPPLE OR
TO THE TENSION MEASURING LINK. EXPENDABLE LINE HELD BY THE DECK CREW.
NOTE:THE SAME PROCEDURE WILL APPLY IF AN

UMBILICAL SYSTEM IS USED.
PASSIVE CHAIN.
TRANSPONDER UNIT.
ACTIVE CHAIN.
AFTER THE CHAIN STOPPERS ARE RELEASED, THE AHV

WINCH CAN PAY OUT TO LOWER THE SYSTEM OVERBOARD.
THE WEIGHT OF THE SUSPENDED CHAINS PULLS THE SYSTEM
STERN ROLLER. OVER THE STERN ROLLER AGAINST THE WINCH BRAKE.
FIGURE 3.1.3. - TRANSPONDER UNIT NEGOTIATING THE STERN ROLLER

Stage 2 – Lowering The Tensioner To The Seabed
Ref. Fig. 3.1.4.
1. The pendant line is paid out so that the tensioner slides down the active chain and
reaches the seabed.
Note that the pendant line may ‘twitch’ as the tensioner passes over the active
chain links.
At the same time the AHV moves towards the active anchor and the active chain
may be hauled in to compensate for this movement.
2. Once the tensioner reaches the seabed, the pendant line tension will fall.
Pay out slightly more pendant line (say 5m) than water depth to ensure the
tensioner is at the seabed.

TO KEEP THE ACTIVE CHAIN AHV.
VERTICAL, THE AHV MOVES
TOWARDS THE ACTIVE ANCHOR.

ACTIVE CHAIN.
THE RECOVERY PENDANT LINE

ACTIVE CHAIN IS IS PAID OUT TO LOWER
HAULED IN TO THE TENSIONER TO THE
COMPENSATE FOR THE SEABED.
MOVEMENT OF THE AHV.
ONCE THE TENSIONER IS ON
THE SEABED,THE RECOVERY
PENDANT LINE CAN BE RELAXED.
TENSION MEASURING LINK.
PASSIVE ANCHOR. ACTIVE ANCHOR.
PASSIVE CHAIN. TENSIONER BODY.
FIGURE 3.1.4. - LOWERING THE TENSIONER TO THE SEABED

3.2 MOORING CHAIN TENSIONING PROCEDURE
Before the anchor chain tensioning procedure commences it is assumed that the
tensioner is in position on the seabed, having been successfully assembled and
deployed from the deck of the AHV, with the passive and active chains stretched out in a
straight line between passive and active anchors with no twists in the chains.
The AHV is positioned midway between the two anchor locations, and the active chain
has been hauled in to remove any slack from the system. During this operation the
tensioner passes the slack chain without clutching.
Stage 1 – First Heave Operation
Ref. Fig. 3.2.1.
1. Heave in the active chain slowly with the AHV winch to cause the active chain to
lock onto the whelps inside the tensioner body and raise the tensioner off the sea-
bed mud-line. Continue heaving until either the passive and active ground chains
are raised off the bottom for a distance almost to the anchors or when the
tensioner nearly reaches the surface. The tension measuring link read-out at the
LIU will show the passive chain tension at the tensioner. This will be slightly
greater than the horizontal tension in the chain at the mud-line.

AHV.
ACTIVE CHAIN.
PENDANT LINE HELD
SLACK DURING HEAVE
OPERATION.
AHV HAULS ON
TENSIONER ENGAGES
THE ACTIVE CHAIN.
THE ACTIVE CHAIN
CAUSING EQUAL PULLS IN THE TWO
CHAIN LEGS.
PASSIVE ANCHOR. ACTIVE ANCHOR.
PASSIVE CHAIN. TENSIONER BODY

WHELPS LOCKED
THE OPPOSED ANCHORS ON TO ACTIVE CHAIN.
START TO BURY INTO SEABED.
FIGURE 3.2.1. - TENSIONING HEAVE OPERATION

Ref. Fig. 3.2.2.
2. Pay out the active chain and lower the tensioner back towards the seabed. As the
tensioner approaches the mud-line, the tension in the ground chains decreases
until the body of the tensioner rotates sufficiently to unlock the active chain from the
tensioner whelps.
This allows it to slide down the active chain to the seabed where the whelps re-
engage the active chain. The ground leg of the active chain has now been
shortened by the number of links which passed through the tensioner as it slid
down to the seabed. The reduction in active chain length results from the
horizontal movement of the opposed anchors towards each other due to the
tension induced by the first heave. Where anchor piles are used, the reduction in
active chain length results from the initial setting of each chain leg into the seabed
at the pile attachment point.
Note, during the heave and slack operations, the AHV may automatically adjust its
position to compensate for the reduction in active chain length, depending on wind
and current direction and velocity. Use AHV power if required to correctly position
the vessel over the tensioner.
IMPORTANT NOTE REGARDING VESSEL POSITION:
For successful operation of the tensioner the vertical leg of the active chain must be held
in a substantially vertical position. The tensioning vessel must hold station within an
envelope which keeps the anchor chains with ±15° maximum so as not to introduce
twisting into the vertical active chain which may prevent correct tensioner operation.
See fig. 3.2.3.

AHV.
THE ACTIVE CHAIN

IS RELAXED, CAUSING
THE TENSIONER
TO FALL TO THE
SEABED, EFFECTIVELY
SHORTENING THE GROUND
LEG OF THE ACTIVE CHAIN.
ACTIVE CHAIN.
PASSIVE CHAIN. ACTIVE ANCHOR.
PASSIVE ANCHOR.
TENSIONER BODY.
FIGURE 3.2.2. - TENSIONING SLACK OPERATION
HEADING LIMIT ±15°
15° MAXIMUM
EXCURSION LIMIT TO KEEP ACTIVE

CHAIN WITHIN ±5° OF VERTICAL
5° MAXIMUM
EXCURSION
LIMIT
PERSPECTIVE SKETCH TO
SHOW VESSEL POSITION REQUIREMENTS. PLAN OF VESSEL POSITION REQUIREMENTS
DURING TENSIONING OPERATIONS.
FIGURE 3.2.3. - VESSEL POSITION REQUIREMENTS

Alternatively, the depth of the tensioner may be measured by diver’s pressure (pneumo)
gauge or by ROV if either are available.
The angle the passive and/or active chains make at the tensioner could also be
measured using a large pendulum-type protractor.
During normal operation, calculated tensions may be used as a cross check for the
directly measured tension using catenary analysis methods.
One such calculation method using catenary theory is given in APPENDIX A.
IMPORTANT NOTE REGARDING ANCHOR BEHAVIOUR
It is usual for drag embedment anchors to appear to relax in the seabed soil if pulling is
stopped. This is a well documented effect whereby an anchor has a greater dragging
pull than static holding pull due to shearing of the seabed material as the anchor moves
through it. For this reason, the measured load at the peak of the tensioner heave will fall
slightly if pulling is stopped and so a slightly greater load than that required should be
applied (typically of the order of 5%).
A typical chart recorder output of the tensioning process is shown in fig. 3.2.4.

Stage 2 – Second And Subsequent Tensioning Heave Operations
1. The procedure of stage 1 is repeated until the desired ground chain tension is
achieved, measured by the tension measuring link.
2. Once the desired chain tension has been reached, it is held for a period of 30 to
60 minutes, depending on the Certification Authority present and the customer’s
requirements or specification, to ensure no slippage of the anchors has occurred.
3. The active chain is then paid out, lowering the tensioner to the seabed, where it
can be recovered using the pendant line.
If slippage does occur, further tensioning cycles may have to be applied. If the
slippage takes the anchors outside tolerance permitted for maximum drag, one or
both of the anchors may have to be re-laid and the tensioning operations repeated.
Note, in the event of a tension measuring system malfunction during the tensioning
operation, the AHV winch load indicator can serve as an approximate guide to the
anchor setting tension when used in conjunction with other site data. Tensioner depth
below surface, and hence height off the seabed, can be gauged by using marked
graduations on the tensioner pendant line. By pulling the pendant line just taut and
observing the marks on deck or at the stern roller, depth can be closely approximated.
Where an umbilical is used for tension measuring purposes, similar graduations on it

can be a useful guide as to how much cable has been deployed.

3.3 TENSIONER RECOVERY
Ref. Fig. 3.3.1.
It is assumed that the tensioner is on the seabed ready for recovery, after tensioning a
pair of anchors. The tensioner is either to be used again to tension another pair of
anchors or to be disassembled and stowed.
Stage 1 – Recovery From The Seabed To The AHV Stern Roller
Ref. Fig. 3.3.2.
1. Heave up on the pendant line to rotate the tensioner body and disengage the
whelps from the active chain. Continue heaving up on the pendant line to raise the
tensioner up the vertical leg of the active chain and simultaneously pay out the
same amount of active chain. The AHV may automatically adjust its position
between the passive and active anchors to facilitate this operation. If not AHV
power may be required to centralise the vessel.
If an umbilical system has been used, it can be heaved in at the same time but
allowing enough slack to avoid excessive tensions occurring in it (see 3.1).

AHV.
THE AHV IS STILL POSITIONED IN THE
CENTRE OF THE MOORING PATTERN
JUST PRIOR TO TENSIONER RECOVERY.
THE ACTIVE CHAIN IS RELAXED FOR THE

LAST TIME AND THE TENSIONER FALLS RECOVERY PENDANT LINE.
TO THE SEABED PRIOR TO RECOVERY USING
THE PENDANT LINE.
ACTIVE CHAIN.
PASSIVE ANCHOR. TENSIONER BODY.

PASSIVE CHAIN. ACTIVE ANCHOR.
FIGURE 3.3.1. - AHV POSITION PRIOR TO RECOVERY
AHV.
AHV MOVES TOWARDS

PASSIVE ANCHOR.

THE ACTIVE CHAIN
IS PAID OUT TO COMPENSATE
FOR THE AHV MOVEMENT.
BY HAULING ON THE PENDANT LINE,

THE TENSIONER IS BROUGHT
TENSIONER BODY.
TO THE SURFACE.
PASSIVE ANCHOR. ACTIVE CHAIN. ACTIVE ANCHOR.

PASSIVE CHAIN.
FIGURE 3.3.2. - BRINGING THE TENSIONER TO THE SURFACE

Ref. Fig. 3.3.3.
2. When the tensioner is just below the surface of the water at the stern roller of the
AHV, pause to check orientation of the tension measuring equipment.
NOTE, this operation may not be possible with the tensioner under the surface of
the water in rough seas. Under such circumstances the tensioner should be
hauled directly on to the deck of the AHV.
As was noted in the deployment procedure, care must be taken as the tensioner passes
over the stern roller of the AHV to reduce the risk of damage to the tension measuring
link and its associated equipment. For example, when the tensioner has been used with
the acoustic system, the transponder unit must be held clear of the tensioner as it
passes over the stern roller by grappling the transponder as it appears on the surface.
Similarly, if an umbilical system is used, the cable must be kept to one side of the
tensioner as it passes over the stern roller and up the deck.

AHV DECK PLAN.
GRAPPLE OR EXPENDABLE LINE.
CABLE CONNECTING THE TRANSPONDER

TO THE TENSION MEASURING LINK. AS THE TRANSPONER UNIT APPEARS ON THE
SURFACE OF THE WATER, ITS FLOAT IS GRAPPLED
BY THE DECK CREW AND HELD TO ONE SIDE
OF THE TENSIONER.
PASSIVE CHAIN. AS THE TRANSPONER UNIT NEGOTIATES

THE STERN ROLLER, IT IS KEPT CLEAR OF THE
TENSIONER BY WAY OF THE GRAPPLE OR
EXPENDABLE LINE HELD BY THE DECK CREW.
NOTE:THE SAME PROCEDURE WILL APPLY IF AN

UMBILICAL SYSTEM IS USED.
TRANSPONDER UNIT.
ACTIVE CHAIN. TENSIONER BODY.
THE TENSIONER IS HAULED CLEAR OF

THE WATER AND OVER THE STERN ROLLER BY WAY
OF THE PENDANT LINE.
STERN ROLLER.
FIGURE 3.3.3. - TRANSPONDER UNIT NEGOTIATING THE STEN ROLLER DURING TENSIONER RECOVERY

Stage 2 – Decking On Board The AHV/AHT
Ref. Fig. 3.3.4.
1. Further hauling on the pendant line will cause the tensioner to be brought over the
stern roller of the AHV. Its smooth, compact shape means the tensioner should
negotiate the stern roller in a predicable and controlled manner.
Ref. Fig. 3.3.5.
2. Once the tensioner is on the deck of the AHV, the two anchor chains can be
stoppered off at the stern. If the tensioner is to be dismantled for storage, the
procedure of section 2.2 should be followed. Alternatively, if the tensioner is to be
used to set another anchor pair, the disassembly procedure of section 2.2,
followed by the assembly procedure of section 2.1 should be carried out.

PLAN OF AHV DECK.
STERN ROLLER.
AS THE PENDANT LINE IS FURTHER
HAULED IN, THE TENSIONER IS BROUGHT OVER
THE STERN ROLLER AND ON TO THE
DECK OF THE AHV.
PASSIVE CHAIN.
NOTE:THE TENSIONER AUTOMATICALLY
COMES OVER THE STERN ROLLER ON ITS SIDE
AS SHOWN.
BENDING STRESSES ARE ELIMINATED
IN THE TENSION MEASURING LINK IN THIS ATTITUDE.
TENSIONER BODY.
ACTIVE CHAIN. RECOVERY PENDANT LINE.
FIGURE 3.3.4. - TENSIONER NEGOTIATING THE STERN ROLLER DURING RECOVERY
PLAN OF AHV DECK.
TUGGER WINCH.
STERN ROLLER. NOTE:-TUGGER WINCHES MAY BE

REQUIRED TO ALIGN THE ANCHOR CHAINS
WITH THE CHAIN STOPPERS.
PASSIVE CHAIN.
ACTIVE CHAIN.
AS THE TENSIONER RECOVERY PENDANT LINE.

IS HAULED CLEAR OF THE
STERN ROLLER,THE ANCHOR
CHAINS CAN BE STOPPERED OFF. TENSIONER BODY.
CHAIN STOPPER.
TUGGER WINCH.
FIGURE 3.3.5. - STOPPERING OFF THE ANCHOR CHAINS AFTER TENSIONER RECOVERY

4. REVISION HISTORY
ISSUE 1 (PEF 27/1/94)
?? Released for controlled issue as required.
ISSUE 2 (KG 23/08/01)
?? General up issue to include:

?? AutoCAD drawings incorporated into document.
?? “Chapter 4 – Revision History” added.
?? CHAPTER 1.2. BRUCE CHAIN TENSIONER page 8:

?? In an earlier issue there were five data sheets. In the previous release this
was reduced to 2 data sheets with data sheet five becoming data sheet two.
“see data sheet 5 in APPENDIX D” changed to “see data sheet 2 in
APPENDIX D”.
?? CHAPTER 1.3. BRUCE TENSION MEASURING DEVICE page 10:

?? The following, “requirements (see the technical data presented on data
sheet 1 of APPENDIX D)” has been removed due reduction of data sheets.
Reference to the Umbilical Measuring Tension System data sheet 1 in
APPENDIX D is added afterwards.
ISSUE 3 (KG 08/04/02)
?? Drawing B(064)5900A4 Issue 0 added to Appendix E.

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: TENSIONER CALCULATIONS USING STANDARD CATENARY
THEORY
TENSIONER.
TO
TV
SIMPLIFIED ANCHOR CHAIN. ANG
TH
ANGLE BETWEEN THE ANCHOR CHAIN

AND THE SEABED IS ASSUMED TO BE ZERO. h
ANCHOR POINT.
SEABED.
S.W
RH
L
FIGURE A.1. - SIMPLIFIED SYSTEM FOR CALCULATION OF ANCHOR CHAIN TENSION USING CATENARY THEORY
Ref. Fig. A.1.
A simplified diagram representing a typical anchor system to be pre-tensioned using the

Bruce Chain Tensioner is shown.
In this simple system, the anchor leg consists of a single size of chain (for example, 4½”
or 114mm) and the angle of inclination between the anchor chain and the seabed is
assumed to be zero. The latter assumption is not deemed to be unreasonable in view of
the anchor chain geometry during tensioning operations. If uplift of the anchor chains at
the anchor does exist, then this must be taken into consideration and more complex
catenary analysis carried out.
The basic procedure will be the same (although the expressions will vary) for more
complex systems, for example, where several sizes of anchor chain are used, and
where the angle of inclination between the anchor chain and the seabed is not zero.

The nomenclature for the system is as follows:
ANG = Inclination/declination angle of the anchor chain at the tensioner (0 degrees)

W = Submerged weight per unit length of the chain used (tonnes/m)
D = Chain diameter/size (m)
TH = Horizontal load at the Tensioner (tonnes)
TV = Vertical load at the Tensioner (tonnes)
TO = Chain tension at the Tensioner (tonnes)
RH - Horizontal load at the Anchor Point (tonnes)
TA = Average Chain Tension (tonnes)
h = Heave height (m)
e = Chain stretch (%)
E = Chain Elastic Modulus (N/mm²) = 64000 N/mm² (manufacturers data)
S = Anchor leg stretched length (m)
L = Horizontal Set down distance from tensioning point to anchor point (m)

Step 1 Determine The Horizontal And Vertical Loads At The Tensioner From
The Equilibrium Of The Chain Sections.
Horizontal load, TH = -RH (tonnes)

Vertical load, TV = LW (tonnes)
Step 2 Calculate The Tension At Each End Of The Chain
At the Anchor, tension, -RH = TH (tonnes)
At the Tensioner, tension, TO ? ?TH 2

? TV 2 ? (tonnes)
? TO ? TH ?
Average chain tension, TA ? ? ? (tonnes)
? 2 ?
Step 3 Calculate The Stretch In The Chain Section
2.TA. 100.( 9.81)

For an anchor chain, stretch, e? (%)
(3. 142).D2 .E. 1000
? e ?
And the stretched length of anchor chain, S ? L?1 ? ? (m)
? 100 ?

Step 4 Calculate ANG Knowing “h” And “S”
Tensioner depth, h is measured directly using graduations on the pendant line or via a
depth indicator at the tensile measurement link.
h
ANG ? 2. tan ? 1 (0 degrees)
S
Alternatively, ANG may be measured directly at the tensioner using an inclinometer /

protractor located at the tensile measurement link or by a transducer on the tension
measuring link.
Step 5 Calculate RH, Knowing ANG and S
S.W
RH ? (tonnes)
tan( ANG )
Note, where an anchor leg comprises several sizes of chain, steps 1 to 3 should be
carried out for each section. The sum of S and W for all sections may then be used in
steps 4 and 5 in the calculation of ANG and RH.
For guidance on more complex tensioner calculations, operators should refer to the
Engineering Department of BRUCE ANCHOR LTD.
REFERENCE
“Buoy Engineering” - H.O. Berteaux - Wiley Interscience - 1st Ed., P.103-105.

APPENDIX B: UMBILICAL TENSION MEASURING SYSTEM - OPERATING
PROCEDURE
The umbilical tension measuring system was shown in fig. 1.3.1 n section 1.3.
It is assumed that the tensioning system has been assembled as described in section
2.1.
Care must be taken in the deployment of the umbilical cable to prevent homage to it by
the active chain of tensioner or by sudden movement of the tensioner causing snatch in
the cable which should damage the TML end connection.
The procedure for operating the umbilical tension measuring system is as follows:
1. First ensure voltage and current compatibility of the Load Indicating Unit (LIU) and
the AHV before connecting up the LIU mains lead to the AHV power supply.
Note, the LIU can accommodate 110 and 240 volts AC.
Chart Recorder
If required, connect the chart recorder to the LIU at the analogue outputs and set
appropriate values of gain and chart speed depending upon maximum load and
expected tensioning duration.
2. Connect the submerged end of the umbilical to the tension measuring link (TML)
just before the link passes over the stern roller, so as to minimise risk of damage
on deck during handling operations.
3. Connect the surface or “top side” end of the umbilical cable to the LIU at the
bulkhead connector after the umbilical has been unwound from the umbilical drum
and flaked out on deck.
4. Pay out the umbilical cable so that a small amount of slack is always present (2-3
metres). During heaving of the active chain the umbilical should be recovered at
the same rate so that the slack umbilical does not foul on the active chain during
subsequent pay-out.
5. Before releasing the stopper from the passive chain, switch on the LIU and allow it
to warm up for about 5 minutes, by which time the display should be stable. Check
the display reads zero. If necessary, adjust the display to zero by turning the
adjusting screw on the front panel using an instrument screwdriver.

6. Release the stopper from the passive anchor chain. The tension display should
give a value equal to the weight of suspended passive chain. The AHV pendant
line winch load indicator should also indicate this value. If the values do not agree
this may indicate a fault in the tension measuring system or the winch load
indicator.
7. Once the output from the tension measuring system has been verified, it is now
possible to deploy the tensioner (section 3.1) and proceed with the tensioning
operations (section 3.2).
8. During tensioning operations, it may be useful to check the directly measured

tension readings against those obtained by calculation method as described in
section 3.2 and appendix A. The calculation method may also be used as a back
up in the event of a tension measuring system failure.

APPENDIX C: BRUCE TENSION TELEMETRY SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONS
The Bruce Tension Telemetry System is based on the Desert Star Systems Divetracker
DTX product line, for which custom hardware and software has been developed.
Please use these instructions in conjunction with the Divetracker DTX Manual when
operating the system.
C.1 Underwater Station Description And Operation
The underwater station is housed in a hard anodised 6061 aluminium cylinder which has
been tested to a pressure of 2000 PSI (1368 meter depth equivalent) and which is
designed to withstand a pressure of 2800 PSI.
The cylinder is terminated by two end caps. Two side seal O-rings backed up by
parback rings seal the unit. A Divetracker model DT1-MOD is contained within the
cylinder. A hard mounted directional transducer with a beam width of 66 degrees
occupies one end cap. Various controls are placed on the other end cap. The station is
powered by 8 internal size “D” alkaline cells which provide an operational life of
approximately 100 hours.
C.2 Changing The Batteries, Opening And Sealing The Underwater Station
Opening of the underwater station is necessary to replace the batteries and change the
gain setting of the tension measuring amplifier (see calibration). The underwater station
should always be opened by removing the connector end cap, and never by removing
the transducer end cap.
To open the underwater station, remove the four bolts that secure the connector end cap
cage to the housing. Then, hold onto the end cap cage and carefully separate the end
cap and the attached electronics assembly from the housing. Remove the sonar
transducer cable from connector P1 of the DT1-MOD sonar transceiver board.
To change the batteries, undo the Velcro straps from each end of the two battery holders
(2 Velcro straps). Each battery holder contains 4 “D” size alkaline cells. Insert the new
batteries, being careful to establish proper polarity. The ”+” terminal of all the batteries
must be facing the connector end cap, reversing the polarity will not damage the unit, but
will prevent it from working.
Before closing the unit, carefully inspect each O-ring. It is advisable to remove each O-
ring and parback ring and lubricate each one with a thin film of silicone grease. Re-

insert the parback ring and the O-ring. MAKE SURE THAT THE PARBACK RING IS
LOCATED ON THE INSIDE (LOW PRESSURE) END OF EACH O-RING GROOVE
AND THAT THE CURVED SIDE OF THE PARBACK RING FACES THE O-RING. Re-
connect the sonar transducer cable. Then gently re-insert the end cap and electronics
assembly back into the housing, making sure not to pinch the O-rings. Secure the end
cap with four M6 nuts and bolts.
C.3 Station Controls
The underwater station features two impulse underwater mateable connectors, a depth
transducer, a power switch and a status LED on the connector end cap.
The female impulse connector contains the serial data interface of the device. Use the
supplied impulse to AMP adapter and the serial data cable for connecting the station to
a PC. This may be done to download configuration files or code or to upload acquired
data.
The male impulse connector accommodates the tension measuring bridge. The pin
assignment is as follows:
1: -Supply.
2: +Supply.
4: +Signal.
5: -Signal.
Pins 3,6,7 and 8 are not used. The sensor amplifier uses a constant 5mA excitation
current.
The status LED provides clues on software operation. When running the Desert Star
System Smartdive telemetry software, you should see short, periodic blinking.
The depth transducer is calibrated to provide depth information down to 3500 feet. As
this exceeds the range of the Desert Star System Divetracker, the output had to be
scaled, i.e. the “get _ depth 0” routine will read 1/10 of the actual depth. The Desert Star
System Divebase display software will automatically compensate for this scaling.
C.4 The ON Switch Has Four Positions
1: When in the ON position, the station is forced ON. It cannot switch itself OFF or
enter sleep mode in this setting. Use the ON position to activate a unit that is OFF
or sleeping. If a unit that is forced ON attempts to enter sleep mode, the system
will stop operations but will still keep consuming power.

2: The Off position will force a station to be switched OFF. Use this setting to
intentionally switch the unit OFF and have it remain OFF.
3,4: When the switch is at either point between the ON and OFF switch, the station will
activate and de-activate as per software control. This setting should be used
during normal operation.
C.5 Tension Sensor Calibration
The Desert Star System Divetracker module DT1-MOD features two differential sensor
amplifiers. One amplifier is used by the depth sensor. This sensor is pre-calibrated in
the factory. The tension sensor is connected to the second amplifier, referred to as the
“Gas Pressure Sensor” in the Divetracker DTX manual. Refer to sections 4.2.3.7. of the
hardware manual and to section 2.3.3. of the utilities manual for calibration instructions.
Note that the tension sensor is not equipped with an offset adjustment feature, and thus
offset adjustment does not apply. While the calibration software will indicate readings in
“PSI”, any suitable dimension can be assigned during the calibration process. The
minimum reading however must be no less than 0 units and the maximum reading no
more than 32767 units.
The amplifier gain adjustment potentiometer (R51) on DT1-MOD is readily accessible

through the hole marked “CAL” on the acrylic board support structure. The DT1-MOD
module should not be removed from the from the support structure. Note that tweaking
the amplifier gain is only necessary to achieve an approximate match of the full scale
sensor output and a full scale A/D reading. Fine tuning can be done by the described
software procedure without a need to open the unit.
THE GAIN ADJUSTMENT MUST BE SET SUCH THAT A FULL SCALE TENSION
BRIDGE OUTPUT WILL NOT GENERATE AN A/D SIGNAL IN EXCESS OF HEX
$0FFE. IF THIS AMOUNT IS EXCEEDED, THE CONVERTER WILL BE REVERSE
BIASED AND ALL A/D CHANNELS WILL GENERATE FALSE READINGS.
C.6 Initial Commissioning
As delivered, the system is fully configured, all necessary software is pre installed on the
surface and underwater stations and batteries are fitted.
Here’s what to do:
1. Follow the instructions for installing the system software on your PC.
2. Connect the DT1-DRY surface station to the power supply, 110/220V transformer
and power.
3. Connect the DT1-DRY surface station to the COM1 port of your PC using the
supplied serial data cable.

4. Connect the surface station sonar transducer to the SONAR#1 port on DT1-DRY.
5. Switch the underwater station ON , and wait for the LED to start blinking, then
move the switch to a position halfway between ON & OFF
6. Place the surface station transducer face-to-face with underwater station
transducer.
7. Start Divebase on your PC, use <F5> to enter real time mode.
8. Issue a <G> command to start a sonar wake up call.
9. Rhythmic clicking should now be heard emitting from the surface station
transducer. This is the wake up call. It will continue for approx. 150 seconds.
10. After the wake up call, the two stations should start ranging each other, noticeable
as clicks emitting alternately from either unit.
11. Use the <S> command to enter sensor telemetry configuration mode.
12. Select station INST-0, activate a few channels, set a reasonable transmit interval
and activate data transmission. Then use <F9> to update the underwater station
configuration. Watch how the individual configuration commands are listed in the
status window. The final message should be “configuration succeeded”.
13. Hit <F10> to exit the divebase main screen.
14. Watch the data arriving in periodic intervals.
15. The system is now up and running.
It is recommended that the operator now thoroughly familiarise himself with all aspects
of the systems operation. Read the DTX manual. Review the custom BRUCE.PAR
configuration file. Try to reconfigure the underwater station by using the <C> command
from the Divebase replay mode to download either BRUCE.PAR or DIVEBASE.PAR
(identical) to the underwater station through the serial link. Select and activate the DT-
TEST test software, give it a try (see DTOS section of DTX manual). Try various
telemetry configurations using the sensor telemetry control screen of divebase. Save a
set of telemetry data and review it in replay mode using the <R> command from replay
mode (the report will be named FILENAME.PAR).
Once comfortable with all aspects of system operation, move to water. Lower the
underwater station on a steel cable. Attach a weight of about 10lbs to lower the end unit
(connector end cap) to keep the almost neutral buoyant unit upright in a current. Try to
control the unit once it is about 100 feet down. Set a reasonable telemetry schedule,
and then lower it to the designated depth. If telemetry is lost at some depth, change the
RX GAIN setting to a lower or higher value in the 0-2 range by using the Divebase “^”
command (real time mode). If communication problems persist, you may conduct
background noise and signal strength tests by using the RX-TEST function of the DT-
TEST software which is pre- installed on both the surface and underwater stations.
C.7 Sensor Telemetry Support In Divebase And Smartdive
Several functions have been added to the Divebase surface terminal software in order
to support sensor telemetry. These functions are not yet explained in the Divetracker
manual and are thus described here. The changes in Smartdive are largely hidden from
the user, so these instructions concentrate on Divebase.

C.8 Sensor Telemetry Channels
A total of eight sensor channels (0-7) are available, however only seven channels (0-6)
can be transmitted per telemetry. Channel #7 is only available for storage in memory
and download through the serial link.
The channel assignment is as follows:
Channel# Description Dimension
0 ..............................Depth......................................................................................Feet
1 ..............................Anchor Line Tension.............................................................Customer
2 ..............................Ext. Sensor#1, Pin 2 of female impulse con. .....................Mv
3 ..............................Ext. Sensor#2, Pin 3 of female impulse con. .....................MV
4 ..............................Sea Temperature ..................................................................0.025F
5 ..............................Internal Battery Voltage.........................................................10mV
6 ..............................Depth ......................................................................................Inch
7 ..............................External Power, Pin 8 of female impulse con.....................10mV
The data is sent as 12 bit telemetry. However, the actual resolution depends on the
number of channels being transmitted. Transmitting more channels results in a lower bit
resolution for the channels. Non available least-significant bits will appear as zero. The
following table applies.
Channels Channel
Transmitted Resolution
1 ................................12 Bits
2 ................................11 Bits
3 ..................................0 Bits
4 ................................10 Bits
5 ..................................9 Bits
6 ..................................9 Bits
7 ..................................9 Bits
C.8 Divebase Sensor Telemetry Control Mode
The Divebase sensor telemetry control mode is activated by hitting the <S> command
while in real time mode. Upon issuing the command, a screen listing the available
control commands and current settings will appear. Below the command line is a
second window which provides status information. Single key commands are used to
change settings, update the underwater station configuration and exit control mode. The
following table applies.

C.9 Command Key Description
KEY DESCRIPTION
F1 Select the target underwater station(up to ten stations can be targeted)

F2 Select the transmit interval (seconds from 4 to 512).
F3 Switch sensor data telemetry ON/OFF
F4 Switch sensor data storage(logging) in the underwater station ON/OFF.
F9 Update the current underwater station settings
F10 Exit sensor telemetry control mode, return to main Divebase screen.
0..6 These number keys switch sensor channels 0..6 ON/OFF
The standard procedure is to issue commands until the settings are as desired. Then
issue <F9> to update the underwater station configuration, through sonar commands.
Watch the status window for configuration update information.
If an update fails, the sonar link was not reliable enough to permit updating.
C.10 ASCII Report Generation
An ASCII (clear text) report of any mission record can be generated from Divebase’s
replay mode. Enter replay mode and call up the desired record. To activate record re-
generation, issue the <R> command. Now, replay the record or portions of it. Issue <R>
again to terminate record generation. The ASCII record will be stored in a file of the
same name as the mission record, but using the .REP extension.
C.11 Shipping Dimensions
The Bruce Tension Telemetry System comes packaged in aluminium alloy containers
with the following dimensions.
Surface Station
800mm x 600mm x 410mm.

Mass = 15Kg
Underwater Station
800mm x 400mm x 330mm.

Mass = 14Kg

APPENDIX D: TENSION MEASURING SYSTEM EQUIPMENT DATA SHEETS

DATASHEET 1
UMBILICAL TENSION MEASURING SYSTEM
LOAD INDICATING UNIT (LIU)
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Ref fig 1.3.1
The load indicating unit (LIU) is an instrument developed at BRUCE ANCHOR LTD to
provide a load output at the surface when an umbilical based tension measuring system
is used (see section 1.3).
FEATURES
?? Way bulkhead/panel mounted umbilical cable connector.

?? Two LED digital load readouts (in tonnes), each from an independent strain gauge
bridge located on the tension measuring link.
?? Alternative mains power supply voltages of either 240 or 100 volts ac (altered
internally - see the D2000 panel meter instruction booklet).
?? Bulkhead/panel mounted power supply connector.
?? Bulkhead/panel mounted power supply switch, to ‘A’ or ‘B’ readout.
?? Self contained in an instrument case with optional handle.
?? Aluminium transportation case with handle.
OPTIONS
Up to 4 Output channels (via bulkhead/panel mounted jack sockets) for use in

conjunction with a suitable hard copy device chart recorder or for input to computer-
based data storage system.
TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
The LIU system includes:-
LIU Instrument (including instrument case).

Aluminium Transportation Case.
Mains cable.

TECHNICAL DATA
Load Indication Accuracy: ± 1%
Mains Input Voltages: 240 or 110 volts AC.
Mains Frequency: 50 Hz (60 Hz may also be used).
Optional output Channels: 1 - load A

2 - load A
3 - load B
4 - load B
Output Channel Voltages: To be made compatible with the hard copy

instrument as required.
Instrument Case Dimensions: 75mm x 275mm x 250mm
Transportation Case Dimensions: 460mm x 160mm x 270mm
Weight of LIU: 7kg (approx.) (including transportation case).

DATASHEET 2
TENSIONERS AVAILABLE FOR HIRE FROM

BRUCE ANCHOR SERVICES LTD
TENSIONER SIZES
The tensioner sizes currently available for hire from BRUCE ANCHOR SERVICES LTD
are:
DESIGNATION NOMINAL CHAIN SIZES OPERATING CHAIN* SIZE RANGE

mm inches inches mm
CT - 76 76 3” 2 5 8 ” - 3¼” 67 - 83
CT - 95 95 3¾” 3 58 ” - 4 18 ” 92 - 105
CT - 114 114 4½” 4” - 4 7 8 ” 102 - 124
* NOTE
Exact range for a given application depends upon the size of the active chain
being used. Also, sizes of Kenters, end links, etc., in the anchor chain must be
taken into account before operational deployment of the tensioner.
The tensioner is not designed to pass shackles or oversized connectors.
For further guidance, please refer to the Engineering Department at BRUCE

ANCHOR SERVICES LTD.

FIGURE D.1. - BRUCE TENSIONER CT-76-1




APPENDIX E: BRUCE SHACKLE ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY
INSTRUCTIONS
Shackle Components (One Of Each):
This procedure can be applied to all BRUCE shackles incorporating the Bruce patented
nut locking pin and nylon plug.
Parts Per Shackle
Shackle Body
Bolt
Conical Nut
Waisted Locking Pin
Nylon Locking Pin
Procedure
Ref. Fig. E.1.
1. Prior to assembly of the shackle and after ensuring that all of the parts listed above
are present and clean, apply a liberal coat of a suitable propriety grease (e.g.
ROCOL J166) to the shackle bolt, especially to the threaded portion.
2. Assemble the shackle bolt through the shackle body eyes.
3. Insert the nylon plug into the recess in the bolt end and rotate it so as to align the
hole through it with the holes through the bolt.
4. Screw on the conical nut until it is hard against the shackle body or has bottomed
out on the end of the bolt.
5. Gradually slacken the conical nut until the holes through it line up with the hole
through the bolt and nylon plug. Note, there may be a gap of several millimetres
between the nut and/or bolt head and the shackle body.
6. Tap the waisted locking pin into place, until centralised in the conical nut as shown.

SECTION THROUGH CENTRE OF CONICAL CAP NUT
CONICAL CAP NUT.
NYLON LOCKING PLUG.
WAISTED LOCKING PIN.
DRIFT (SMALLER DIAMETER THAN LOCKING PIN).
BOLT/PIN.
FIGURE E.1. - SHACKLE PIN LOCKING ASSEMBLY

DISASSEMBLY PROCEDURE
Procedure
Ref. Fig. E.2.
1. Using a suitable drift, knock the locking pin through and out of the nut. This is
simply the reverse of the assembly procedure and is shown.
2. Rotate the shackle bolt until the recess in the bolt head lines up with the blind hole
in the shackle body.
3. Now use the locking pin to prevent the shackle bolt from rotating by inserting it into
the blind hole in the shackle body through the recess in the bolt head.
4. Unscrew the conical nut (a special spanner is available from BRUCE ANCHOR
LTD if required) and remove it from the bolt. If the nut is hard to unscrew (due to
corrosion for example), lubricate the threads through the locking pin holes and
underneath the nut face. Sharp blows with a copper mallet also help free the nut.
5. Remove the bolt from the shackle body.

SECTION THROUGH CENTRE OF CONICAL CAP NUT
DRIFT (SMALLER DIAMETER THAN LOCKING PIN).

WAISTED LOCKING PIN.
BOLT/PIN.
FIGURE E.2. - SHACKLE LOCKING PIN REMOVAL

FIGURE E.3. - BRUCE STREAMLINED ANCHOR SHACKLE

FIGURE E.4. - FORGED SHACKLE 200T S.W.L. SPECIAL

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BRUCE ANCHOR LIMITED

ANCHOR HOUSE, CRONKBOURNE, DOUGLAS,

BRUCE CHAIN TENSIONER

ISSUE UPDATED BY CHECKED DATE APPROVED BY

(This document is formatted for duplex printing)

UPDATED: ..............................DATE: ..................

CHECKED: ..............................DATE: ..................

Page 2 of 71 BRUCE ANCHOR LTD Chain Tensioner Procedure

COPYRIGHT BRUCE ANCHOR LTD

BRUCE ANCHOR LTD would be grateful for any information, suggestions or

BRUCE ANCHOR LTD Chain Tensioner Procedure Page 3 of 71

Page 4 of 71 BRUCE ANCHOR LTD Chain Tensioner Procedure

FIGURE 1.1.1. - BRUCE CHAIN TENSIONING SYSTEM..........................................................................................................7

FIGURE 2.1.1. - AHV DECK PRIOR TO TENSIONER ASSEMBLY.........................................................................................13

FIGURE 2.2.1. - STOPPERING OFF THE TWO ANCHOR CHAINS ........................................................................................21

FIGURE 3.1.1. - AHV POSITION PRIOR TO DEPLOYMENT OF TENSIONER .......................................................................27

FIGURE 3.2.1. - TENSIONING HEAVE OPERATION................................................................................................................33

FIGURE 3.3.1. - AHV POSITION PRIOR TO RECOVERY ........................................................................................................39

FIGURE D.1. - BRUCE TENSIONER CT-76-1 ..........................................................................................................................62

FIGURE E.1. - SHACKLE PIN LOCKING ASSEMBLY............................................................................................................67

BRUCE ANCHOR LTD Chain Tensioner Procedure Page 5 of 71

1.1 BRUCE CHAIN TENSIONING SYSTEM

The complete Bruce Chain Tensioning System is shown in fig. 1.1.1.

The system enables anchor or piles to be preloaded or proof tested in pre-installed

Either opposed anchor pairs in a symmetrical pattern, or individual anchors (with a

Page 6 of 71 BRUCE ANCHOR LTD Chain Tensioner Procedure

TENSION MEASURING LINK (TML)

SECTION SHOWING THE PASSAGE

ANCHOR HANDLING VESSEL(AHV)

RECOVERY PENDANT LINE.

TENSION MEASURING LINK

BRUCE ANCHOR LTD Chain Tensioner Procedure Page 7 of 71

Ref. Fig. 1.2.1.

Page 8 of 71 BRUCE ANCHOR LTD Chain Tensioner Procedure

REAR END VIEW SIDE VIEW FRONT END VIEW

CENTRELINE SECTION SHOWING

FIGURE 1.2.1. - BRUCE CHAIN TENSIONER

BRUCE ANCHOR LTD Chain Tensioner Procedure Page 9 of 71

Ref. Fig. 1.3.1.

The operation of the umbilical system is described in APPENDIX B (with information

Page 10 of 71 BRUCE ANCHOR LTD Chain Tensioner Procedure

ACOUSTIC TRANSPONDER TYPE SYSTEM - FULL RANGE OF DEPTHS.

BRUCE SHACKLE (2 OFF)

UMBILICAL TYPE SYTEM - DEPTHS UP TO 100M MAXIMUM.

FIGURE 1.3.1. - BRUCE TENSION MEASURING SYSTEM

BRUCE ANCHOR LTD Chain Tensioner Procedure Page 11 of 71

2.1 TENSIONING SYSTEM ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS

Ref. Fig. 2.1.1.

Items Employed ........................................................................................................... No. off

Bruce Chain Tensioner.........................................................................................................X 1

See appendix E for assembly and disassembly instructions of Bruce Streamlined

Page 12 of 71 BRUCE ANCHOR LTD Chain Tensioner Procedure

AHV DECK PLAN VIEW.

TENSIONER SHACKLE AND PIN.

ACTIVE CHAIN. RECOVERY PENDANT LINE.

CHAIN STOPPERS. STARBOARD TUGGER WINCH.

FIGURE 2.1.1. - AHV DECK PRIOR TO TENSIONER ASSEMBLY

BRUCE ANCHOR LTD Chain Tensioner Procedure Page 13 of 71

Ref. Fig. 2.1.2.

Page 14 of 71 BRUCE ANCHOR LTD Chain Tensioner Procedure

ONCE ENGAGED WITH THE

POSITION THE TENSIONER ROTATE

SLIDE THE BODY AROUND

WITH THE CHAIN PULLED