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Samantha Chew

October 8, 2019

Kim Lacey

English 111

Bates, M. R. (2014). Good Buy, Mr. Chips! ​Newsweek Global​, ​162​(10), 118. Retrieved from

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=94896353&site=eds-li

ve

In this magazine article by ​Newsweek Global​, which has been producing credible

publications for about 80 years, the author discusses a new app that was made to help people

bake the perfect chocolate chip cookie. This article is mostly intended for anyone because the

language in it is understandable and basic, but people interested in baking and cooking are

probably the intended audience.The author endorses this app by saying that many recipes claim

that they are the best cookie recipe out there, but with this app you can actually make exactly the

kind of cookie you want, so it is perfect by your standards. They also go into detail about how

this app works. Basically, there are slider options within the app that help dictate exactly how

your cookie will turn out. Whether you want your cookie crispy or chewy, thin or thick, or

anything else in between, you can decide it. As you move around the sliders, you can see how

the recipe will change. If you want a chewy cookie, it will increase the amount of eggs you use.

If you want a thick cookie, you will bake it on a higher temperature for a short time, and vice

versa for a thin cookie. The author concludes by endorsing it once again, saying that after baking

14 dozen cookies, each of the recipes were exactly how she expected them to turn out.
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Child Labor and Slavery in the Chocolate Industry. (n.d). Retrieved from

https://foodispower.org/human-labor-slavery/slavery-chocolate/

In this source, the author discusses the controversy behind the most important part of a

chocolate chip cookie; chocolate. This source is aimed towards any reader, as the language is not

difficult. This article comes from a reliable source, Food is Power, which is a non-profit

organization that seeks to reduce exploitation and increase food access to everyone. It all starts

where cocoa is grown, most likely in Western Africa and parts of South America. Specifically,

many countries on the Ivory Coast get most of their money from exported cocoa. These countries

use children to do their labor, paying them a measly two dollars per hour. Children are often

abducted or sold by family members unaware of the dangers of harvesting cocoa to traffickers

working for cocoa farms. These children are not reunited with their families for long periods of

time, if they ever are reunited with them. These children range from ages five to sixteen, and

often are slaves to these farms far into adulthood. Often times, children are climbing large cocoa

trees wielding chainsaws or machetes to get the plants. It is this reason that children sustain life

threatening injuries and obtain permanent scarring. Once they get the plants from the trees, they

carry sacks of bean pods that are twice their size, and if they do not work with haste, they will be

beaten. The author states that chocolate manufacturers in America like Hershey are aware of the

problems their industry causes, yet they have done little to nothing to alleviate the process of

child slavery that they are supporting.

How Google’s artificial intelligence is baking chocolate chip cookies. (2017). ​The Pittsburgh

Tribune-Review (Pittsburgh, PA).​ Retrieved from

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http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsgov&AN=edsgcl.517407308

&site=eds-live

In this news article, the ​Pittsburgh Tribune​, a factual and historical newspaper distributed

to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, highlights Google’s Artificial Intelligence putting recipes together to

make delicious chocolate chip cookies. This article can be read by mostly anyone, but lovers of

technology may have more of an interest in it. In the article, the author follows the story of a

woman named Jeanette Harris, who owns a gluten free bakery in Philadelphia. She worked

together with some of the Google staff to create cookies with artificial intelligence, and was

surprised when it called for cardamom, which is traditionally used for Asian and Indian cooking.

However, it was evident that AI definitely knew what it was doing. According to a Google staff

member, they devised the idea for AI producing recipes when he and his colleagues were sitting

at lunch together. How it works is AI takes results from dozens of batches of cookies to produce

the best recipe for chocolate chip cookies. After about 60 batches of cookies, the team at Google

believed that AI had mastered the recipes, and they decided to team up with Harris and put it to

the test. The articled is closed by Harris and the team at Google stating that it was unnerving to

let AI do all the work, but they also do not worry about Artificial Intelligence taking their jobs

away from them in the future.

Jaros, A. K. (2019). ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ENTERPRISE: Julie Waxman ’91 is

reinventing the chocolate chip cookie. ​Human Ecology,​ ​47(​ 1), 42. Retrieved from

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=137711582&site=eds-l

ive
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In this peer-reviewed journal titled ​Human Ecology,​ author Amanda Jaros outlines Julie

Waxman’s entrepreneurial experience with reinventing the chocolate chip cookie. This source is

likely aimed towards scholars and those interested in business and entrepreneurship. Waxman is

a graduate from Cornell University, where she first started her journey in making and selling

baked goods after taking a business course. After posting flyers and advertisements around the

campus, her business took off and became a huge hit. Several years later, after her business days

at Cornell, she visited a bakery with her daughter and had an ‘aha moment’ when she saw the

colorfully baked bagels that they sold. It was then that she had the idea to bake rainbow

chocolate chip cookies. After scouring the internet, she could not find anything like the idea she

had, and decided to start altering her recipes that she used in college that were such big hits.

After perfecting the process, she sent samples to all of her contacts in New York City, and had an

unprecedented return on her investment. After being recognized by big name people on social

media, she hopes to get even bigger deals with bigger companies throughout the rest of her

career.

Roberts, S. (n.d). Overlooked No More: Ruth Wakefield, Who Invented the Chocolate Chip

Cookie. Retrieved from

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/21/obituaries/overlooked-ruth-wakefield.html

In this New York Times article, they created an obituary for Ruth Wakefield, the inventor

of chocolate chip cookies. The intended audience is most likely for curious readers who have an

interest in this kind of history, and the reader should expect a brief and informal but

informational article. Ruth Wakefield was born on June 17, 1903 in East Walpole,
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Massachusetts, and later moved to Easton Massachusetts, where she was raised. It was there that

she attended what is now known as Framingham State University and where she graduated in

1924. After marrying a man named Kenneth Wakefield in 1926, they opened an Inn in Plymouth

County, Massachusetts. This inn became known as Toll House Inn, where it expanded rapidly

and became known for its many dishes and desserts. Later in the 1930s, Ruth published several

cookbooks, which contain the famous recipes from the inn, as well as the first ever chocolate

chip cookie recipe. Eventually, Nestle offered Ruth a job, which she accepted, and was hired to

help revise recipes for the company. It was then that she sold the rights to her coveted cookie

recipe. Later in life, the Wakefields sold the inn and moved to Duxbury, Massachusetts, where

Ruth died in 1977.

Roth, J., & White, J. K. (2019, August 4). Chocolate Chip Cookie Day and the accidental origin

of this American staple. Retrieved from

https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/04/us/chocolate-chip-cookie-history-trnd/index.html

In this article from CNN, they briefly pay tribute to the day that became known as

“Chocolate Chip Cookie Day”. This article was likely intended for any type of audience, but

most likely just everyday readers of CNN’s news articles. To open the piece, they inserted a

video that very briefly described the history of chocolate chip cookies, and included a recipe in

video form to the very first chocolate chip cookies that were first patented by Nestle. After the

video, the author explains that the origin story can be found below. In this story, they told the

tale of how Ruth Wakefield and her husband owned an inn, wherein Ruth cooked and baked all

of the meals for visitors. One day, Ruth was making a type of cookie that she had made often,
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but wanted it to be a chocolate cookie. In order to do this new type of cookie, she put small

chunks of semi-sweet chocolate in the batter, thinking that the chocolate would melt and turn the

whole cookie brown, giving the cookie a chocolatey taste. Instead, the chocolate chips stayed

separate from the batter, and the chocolate chip cookie was born; creating a happy accident that

would endure for generations.

This company will blast cookie dough into space and bake the first cookies there. (2019). ​CNN

Wire.​ Retrieved from

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsgov&AN=edsgcl.591154706

&site=eds-live

This news article by CNN is primarily aimed towards a general audience, and the

language in it is not complex at all. The length of the article is also notably short, and is perfect

for people looking for a quick read about new innovations. This article discusses how there will

be cookie dough sent to the international space station. The dough will come from DoubleTree, a

hotel chain owned by Hilton, who is known for their famous chocolate chip cookies. These

cookies could be the first cookies baked in space, which would be making history. According to

Hilton, they show their hospitality by offering guests chocolate chip cookies when they first

arrive. By sending cookie dough into space, they are excited to share that hospitality with the

International Space Station. Hilton is working with a company called Zero G Kitchen, which

constructs appliances we use on earth that are able to withstand being in space for long periods.

This is all being done in an effort to open up the frontier of space to common people, and they
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believe that chocolate chip cookies are very relatable to the general public in their everyday

lives. The DoubleTree cookie dough will make its way into orbit sometime in 2019.

What makes chocolate chip cookies so addictive? (2018). ​CNN Wire.​ Retrieved from

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsgov&AN=edsgcl.552286486

&site=eds-live

In this news article by CNN, the author creates a piece indicated for curious readers. It is

written in plain language and anyone from a student to a scholar can read it. The matter in which

the author discusses is why chocolate chip cookies can be so addictive. The solutions she

highlights are emotional attachment, addictive ingredients, texture and flavor, personal

preference, and indulgence. On the topic of emotional attachment, the author includes that

chocolate chip cookies hold a special place in everyone’s heart. Often it is mothers and

grandmothers who have a special recipe that we remember fondly, or it may have been the first

cookie we ever learned to make. The second reason, addictive ingredients, provides scientific

evidence as to why the cookies are so irresistible. The first being that sugar is shown to produce

rewards and cravings in our brain. The second bit of evidence she uses is chocolate, which has a

chemical known as anandamide, which targets the same receptors in our brain as THC. As for

texture and flavor, the author points to the fact that caramelized butter and sugar as it is is very

tempting to us. Add to the fact that cookies are often crispy then gooey, which adds interest to

the food, and then add chocolate chips, which provide interest to our mouth when we bite down

on something that is different from the rest. On the fourth topic, personal preference, the author

explains that you can make any kind of chocolate chip cookie to match your preference, so there
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is really no reason to not like them. Lastly, for happy indulgence, the author states that cookies

can always find their way into a balanced diet, and the bottom line is that chocolate chip cookies

can always be something to bring you a small bit of joy.

Whoriskey, P. (2019). West African countries plan to hike cocoa prices, citing “injustice” in

chocolate industry. Can they reduce child labor? ​Washingtonpost.Com​. Retrieved from

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsgov&AN=edsgcl.592010349

&site=eds-live

In this news article by the Washington Post, the author goes over a budget plan to have

the cocoa industry pay more to cocoa farmers in countries along West Africa, primarily in Ghana

and the Ivory Coast. This article is most likely intended for people that are familiar with business

and economic jargon, as the vocabulary in it can be difficult to navigate. This proposal was made

to help alleviate the mass child labor, poverty, and deforestation that is occurring from chocolate

companies exploiting these people for their resources. This proposal is said to increase the price

of a ton of cocoa to $2,600, which is a ten percent increase. This proposal is important because

farmers earn around $2,400 annually, and millions of children are slaves to these farms in order

to provide for their families. The problem however, is that it is unclear how much of this money

is going to go back to the farmers. Another issue that arises is how this increase in price could

potentially create a surplus that only leads to more deforestation. Big name companies like

Hershey that were present at the time of the proposal indicated that they were open to the change,
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so long as the plan actually provided a way for the farmers to benefit from it. The author also

noted that consumers would not see a significant spike in prices of chocolate in stores.

Wyman, C. (2014). ​The Great American Chocolate Chip Cookie Book​. Woodstock, VT: The

Countryman Press.

This source was authored by Carolyn Wyman, who has written several books on the topic

of food and has been featured in the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, and several other

reputable publications. In Wyman’s book, “The Great American Chocolate Chip Cookie Book”,

Wyman enters into the world of everything chocolate chip cookie. From recipes to history

lessons, Wyman included anything anyone from a baker to a scholar might want to know. In the

first chapter, Wyman goes into detail of the origin story of the first Toll House Cookie. She starts

by addressing the common myths of the origin of the cookie. First, that in a frenzy, Ruth

substituted nuts for chocolate chips after discovering that the inn was out of nuts. Wyman

disproves this by chalking it up to the fact that Ruth Wakefield was too much of a perfectionist to

simply run out of nuts, as she ran a pretty clean operation at the inn. Another rumor she

addresses is the one where, essentially, chocolate just ​happens​ to fall into the batter that Ruth

was mixing. Wyman disproves this rumor using anecdotal evidence from a daughter of a grill

cook at the Inn, who said that her father tells that story to make him sound like the hero who

convinced Ruth to keep the ‘ruined’ batter. Ultimately, Wyman reveals that the true origin story
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of the chocolate chip cookie emerged when Ruth recalled some experimenting she had done in

college in a food chemistry class, and simply started testing chocolate in her baking.