11-Mech Prop of Sol and Fl-EOC-JEE-Stage 2

JEE–Stage 2 Mechanical Properties of Solids and Fluids
End of Chapter – Practice Questions

1. The ratio of diameters of two wires of same material is n :1 . The length of each wire is 4m . On
applying the same load, the increases in the length of the thin wire will be  n  1
(a) n 2 times (b) n times (c) 2n times (d)  2n  1 times
F
Fl Fl  4 1
Sol: Y  a  or Y or l 
l al  D  l
2
D2
l
l2 D12 n2
or  
l1 D22 1
Ans: (a)
2. The dimensions of four wires of the same material are given below. In which wire the increase in the
length will be maximum?
(a) Length 100cm , diameter 1mm (b) Length 200cm , diameter 2mm
(c) Length 300cm , diameter 3mm (d) Length 50cm , diameter 0.5mm
F
Fl 1
Sol: Y  a  or l 
l al D2
l
100 200
(a)  100 (b)  50
2 4
l
300 50
(c)  33.33 (d)  200
9 2
1
 
2
Ans: (d)
3. Two wires of the same material and length are stretched by the same force. Their masses are in the
ratio 3: 2 . Their elongations are in the ratio
(a) 3: 2 (b) 9 : 4 (c) 2 : 3 (d) 4 : 9
Fl 1
Sol: Y  or l 
al a
Again, m  al  or m | a
1
 l 
m
l1 m2 2
 
l2 m1 3
Ans: (c)
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4. Two wires of equal crass section but one made of steel and the other of copper, are joined end to end.
When the combination is kept under tension, the elongations in the two wires are found to be equal.
Find the ratio of the lengths of the two wires. Young modulus of steel  2.0 1011 Nm2 and that of
copper  1.11011 Nm2 .
Sol: As the cross sections of the wires are equal and same tension exists in both, the stresses developed
are equal. Let the original lengths of the steel wire and the copper wire be Ls and Lc respectively and
the elongation in each wire be l .

l stress
 …(i)
Ls 2  0 1011 N m2
l stress
and  …(ii)
Lc 1 1 1011 N m2
Dividing (ii) by (i),

Ls 2.0
  20 :11
Lc 1.1
Ans: 20 :11
5. Find the decrease in the volume of a sample of water from the following data. Initial volume 1000 cm3 ,
initial pressure  105 Nm2 , final pressure  106 Nm2 , compressibility of water  50 1011 m2 N1
Sol: The change in pressure
 P  106 N m2  105 N m2
 9 105 N m2
V
1
Compressibility   V
Bulk modulus P
V
or 50  1011 m2 N1 
10 3

m  9  105 N m2
3

or, V  50 1011 103  9 105 m3
 4  5 107 m3  0.45cm3
Thus the decrease in volume is 0.45 cm3 .
Ans: 0.45 cm3
6. A spherical ball contracts in volume by 0.01% when subjected to a normal uniform pressure of
100 atmospheres. The bulk modulus of its material in dyne cm –2 is
(a) 10 1010 (b) 100 102 (c) 11012 (d) 2 1011

V 0.01
Sol: 
V 100
p  100 1.01106 dynecm2
p 100  1.01 106

K   1012 dynecm2
V 0.01
V 100
Ans: (c)
7. Two identical springs of steel and copper Ys  Ycu  are equally stretched. Then,
(a) less work is done on steel spring (b) less work is done on copper spring
(c) equal work is done on both the springs (d) data is not sufficient to decide
1
Sol: Work done   Y   strain   volume
2
2
For a given strain, work done  Y
Since Ycu  Ysteel , less work is done on copper spring.
Ans: (b)
8. A steel ring of radius r and cross-sectional area A is fitted to a wooden disc of radius R  R  r  . If
Young’s modulus is Y , the force with which the steel ring is expands is
R  Rr Y  Rr  Yr
(a) AY (b) AY   (c)   (d)
r  r  A  r  AR
l 2 R  2 r R  r
Sol: Strain   
l 2 r r
F
Stress  Y  strain 
A
 Rr
F  YA  strain  YA  
 r 
Ans: (b)
9. A lift of mass 103 kg is tied with thick iron wires. If the maximum acceleration of the lift is 1.2 ms –2 and
the maximum safe stress is 1 4 108 Nm2 , the minimum diameter of wire is ( g  9.8 ms –2 )
(a) 0.00141 m (b) 0.00282 m (c) 0.005 m (d) 0.01 m

Sol: When the lift is accelerated upwards with an acceleration a,
T  m  a  g   1000 (9.8  1.2)  11000 N
F T T 11000
stress   or r 2  
A  r2   stress    1.4  108
 D  2r  0.01m
Ans: (d)

10. A block of weight 10 N is fastened to one end of a wire of cross-sectional area 3 mm2 and is rotated I a
vertical circle of radius 20 cm. The speed of the block at the bottom of the circle is 2ms1 . Find the
elongation of the wire when the block is at the bottom of the circle. Young modulus of the material of
the wire  2 1011 Nm2
Sol: Forces acting on the block are (a) the tension T and (b) the weight W . At the lowest point, the
resultant force is T  W towards the centre. As the block is going in a circle, the net force towards the
m 2
centre should be with usual symbols. Thus,
r
m 2
T W 
r
m 2
or, T  W 
r
1kg   2ms1 
2
 10 N   30 N
0.2m
T
We have Y  A
l
L
TL
or, l 
AY
30 N   20cm 

3 10 6

m2  2  1011 N m2 
 5 105  20cm = 103 cm
Ans: 103 cm
11. A uniformly tapered vessel, shown in the figure, is filled with a liquid of density 900 kg m –3 . The force
that acts on the base of the vessel due to the liquid is (take g  10 m s –2 )
Area  103 m 2
0.4 m
Area  2  103 m 2
(a) 3  6 N (b) 7  2 N (c) 9 N (d) 12  6 N
Sol: F  p  A   gh  A  900 10  0  4  2 103  7  2N
Ans: (b)

12. Two communicating vessels 1 and 2 contain immiscible liquids of

1 2
different densities 1 and  2 respectively as shown. At a given instant
of time surface level of both the liquids are same. Let PA and PB be the
pressures at the points A and B in the same horizontal. Then A B
(a) PA  PB (b) PA  PB
(c) PB  PA (d) PA  PB
Sol: Pressure at A and B are not equal, if the top surfaces are at the same level.
Ans: (d)
13. In the figure shown, find (a) the total force on the botton of the ank due to the water pressure, (b) the
total weight of water
5m A1  10 cm 2
A2  100 cm 2
1m
 
Sol: (a) Pressure at the base due to water is p  w g 5  1  103 10 5  1  6 104
  
 Force  pA2  6 104 100  104  600 N
(b) weight of water  w g 5 A1  A2 
 104 5 10 104  100 104   150 N

 
Ans: (a) 600 N (b) 150 N
14. In a U  tube in which the cross-sectional area of the limb on the left is one-
quarter, the limb on the right contains mecury (density 13.6 g cm3 ), and the water
level of mercury in the narrow limb is at a distance of 36cm from the upper
mercury
end of the tube. What will be the rise in the level of mercury in the right limb if
the left limb is filled to the top with water?
(a) 1.2cm (b) 2.35cm
(c) 0.56cm (d) 0.8cm
Sol: Let the rise of level in the right limb be x cm , the fall
of the level of mercury in the left limb be 4x . Therefore, Initial

36 cm x
the level of water in the left limb is  36  4 x  cm . Equating A level of Hg
4x
pressure at the interface of mercury and water, we have A1 B1
(at A1 and B1 )

36  4x  1g  5x 13.6  g

Solving, we get x  0.56cm
Ans: (c)
15. The liquids shown in the U  tube of uniform cross section are water and
mercury. If the difference of the heights of the mercury columns is 2cm , then
the height h of the water column is h 2 cm

(a) 6.8cm (b) 13.6cm
(c) 27.2cm (d) 54cm
2 2 13.6
Sol: h 1000  g  13600  g or h m  27.2cm
100 100
Ans: (c)
16. Equal volumes of a liquid are poured in the three vessels A, B and C  h1  h2  h3  . All the vessels have
the same base area. Select the correct alternatives.
h2 B h3 C
h1 A
(a) The force on the base will be maximum in vessel A

(b) The force on the base will be maximum in vessel C
(c) Net force exerted by the liquid in all the three vessels is equal
(d) Net force exerted by the liquid in vessel A is maximum.
Sol: Height of liquid in vessel C is maximum. Therefore, force on the base of vessel C is maximum
  P0  h g  A . Net force on all the three vessels  weight of the liquid, which is the same for all the
three vessels.
Ans: (b, c)
17. The heights of mercury surfaces in the two arms of the manometer shown in
figure are 2 cm and 8 cm. atmospheric pressure  1.01105 Nm2 . Find (a) the
gas h1  h2
pressure of the gas in the cylinder and (b) the pressure of mercury at the h1
h2
bottom of the U tube.
Sol:
(a) P0   g  h1  h2   Pg
 
 Pg  105  104 6  102  105  6  102  100600Pa
(b) P  P0   gh
8
 105  13600 
100
 105  10880
 110880Pa
Ans: (a) 100600Pa (b) 110880Pa
18. When at rest, a liquid stands at the same level in the tubes as shown in figure.
But as indicated, a height difference h occurs when the system is given an
acceleration a towards the right. Then h is equal to
h
aL gL
(a) (b)
2g 2a a
gL aL L
(c) (d)
a g
Sol: Let P1 and P2 be the pressures at the bottom of the left and right ends of the tube, respectively.
Then F   P1  P2  A   ghA where A is the cross section of the tube. The
mass of the liquid in the horizontal protion is

h
m   LA 
Now, F  ma   ghA   LAa
L a
aL 1 2
h 
g
Ans: (d)
19. A beaker containing a liquid of density  moves up with an acceleration a. The pressure due to the
liquid at a depth h below the free surface of the liquid is
ga
(a)  gh (b)  h  g  a  (c)  h  g  a  (d) 2h g  
 g a
Sol: p   h  g  a 
Ans: (c)
20. A U-tube containing a liquid is accelerated horizontally with constant acceleration a . Distance
between vertical limbs is l , difference in the heights of the liquid in the two arms is
lg la
(a) (b) (c) l (d) zero
a g
a h
Sol: tan  =  ;
g l
la
h
g
Ans: (b)

21. A uniform glass U  tube is partially filled with a liquid. Horizontal length of the tube is 1 m . Tube is
accelerating horizontally with constant acceleration of 6 m s –2 . The difference in the heights of the
liquid in the two arms of U  tube is
6 5 2
(a) m (b) m (c) m (d) 6 m
10 3 3
Sol: Let P1 and P2 be the pressure at two ends.
Force  P1A  P2 A  1 A   6
P1  P2  1   6 h 6 ms 2

Also, P1  P2  h g
( h  difference in the level of the liquid in the two arms)

6
 1    6  h g  h  m
10 1m
Alternative
a 6
tan   x 
g 10
opp
tan  
adj
6
 opp = tanθ × adj , h   1m
10
Ans: (a)
22. The minimum horizontal acceleration of the container so that the pressure at point A of the container
becomes atmospheric is (the tank is of sufficient height)
3 4
(a) g (b) g a
2 3 2m
4 3 A
(c) g (d) g
2 4 3m
Sol: Volume equality gives
1
2 3   h  3  h  4m
2 a
2m h
 tan  
4 a 4
 a g 
3 g 3
3m 3m
Ans: (b)
3
23. A body floats with one third of its volume outside water and of its volume outside another liquid.
4
The density of the other liquid is
8 3
(a) 9  4 g cc –1 (b) 4 g cc –1 (c) g cc1 (d) g cc1
3 8

Sol: Let V be the volume of the body. Weight of the body is equal to weight of the water displaced.
2
Weight of the liquid displaced  V  1 g
3
1
In another liquid, weight of the liquid displaced  V  g
4
2 1 8
 Vg  V  g    gcc-1
3 4 3
Ans: (c)
24. An object floats half submerged in a beaker containing liquid at rest on the earth. When the beaker is
taken to Mars,
(a) object completely sinks in (b) object raises up
(c) object sinks further slightly (d) object floats half submerged only
Sol: Weight of the body = weight of liquid displaced
V 1 s
V s g  V ' l g  
V l
 ratio of the submerged volume to the total volume is independent of the acceleration due to
gravity.
Ans: (d)
25. A block of wood floats in a bucket of water in a lif. When the lift starts accelerating up,
(a) block sinks further (b) block raises up
(c) block will float at the same level (d) block oscillates in water
Sol: Equilibrium of a floating body is unaffected by variation in g. However, thrust and weight
increase.
Ans: (c)
26. A vessel contains oil of density 0.8 g cc1 floating over mercury of density 13.6 g cc –1 . A homogeneous
sphere floats with half its volume immersed in mercury and the other half in oil. The density of the
material of the sphere in g cc –1 is
(a) 3 (b) 6.4 (c) 7.2 (d) 12.8

Sol: If V is the volume of the sphere and  is its density, then
V V
V    0.8   13.6    7.2gcc-1
2 2
Ans: (c)
27. The fraction of a floating object of volume V0 and density d0 above the surface of liquid of density d
will be
d0 d  d0 d0 d0d
(a) (b) (c) (d)
d  d0 d d d  d0

Sol: Let x be the fraction of volume of the object floating above the surface of the liquid.
Weight of liquid displaced  Weight of the object
V0  xV0  dg  V0d0 g

d d  d0
1  x  d  d0 or x 1 0 
d d
Ans: (b)
28. A sample of metal weighs 210 g in air, 140 g in water and 120 g in an unknown liquid. Then
(a) the density of the metal is 3 g cm –3
(b) the density of the metal is 7 g cm –3
(c) the density of the metal is 4 times the density of the unknown liquid
(d) the density of the metal is 10 g cm –3
weight of the body in air 210

Sol: Specific gravity = = =3
weight of the water displaced 210  140
Density of the body  specific gravity  density of water  3 1 3 g cm–3
Ans: (a)
29. A block of steel of size 5 cm  5 cm  5 cm is weighed in water. If the relative density of steel is 7, its
apparent weight is
(a) 6  6  5  5 g (b) 4  4  4  7 g (c) 5  5  5  7 g (d) 5  5  5  6 g
Sol: Weight of the block of steel in air  5  5  5  7 g
Weight of water displaced by steel  5  5  5  1 g
 Apparent weight  5 5 5 7 g – 5 5 5 1 g  5  5  5  6 g
Ans: (d)
30. A block of ice is floating in a liquid of specific gravity 1.3 contained in a beaker. When the ice melts
completely, level of liquid in the beaker
(a) remains same (b) increases (c) decreases (d) data is insufficient
Sol: When ice is floating mi  V1i
mi
 V1 
1300
When ice melts, mi  m
mi
 V2   V2 
1000
 V2  V1
 level of water increases
Ans: (b)

31. The tension in a string holding a solid block of density  s below the surface of a liquid of density
l ( l  s ) is T0 when the beaker is at rest. Tension in the string when beaker moves up with
acceleration a is
 a  a
(a) T  0 (b) T  T0 (c) T  T0 1   (d) T  T0 1  
 g  g
Sol: When beaker is at rest, up thrust = T0  mg
T0  up thrust mg  V  l  s  g
a
When lift is accelerating up, g  g  a
T ga  a
T  V  l  s  g  a     T = T0 1  
T0 g  g
Ans: (c)
32. A sphere of density  falls into water of density  from a height h . Depth to which the ball sinks in
is
h  h h h
(a) (b) (c) (d)
       
Sol: Kinetic energy with which sphere strikes the surface = work done against FB – decrease in
potential energy
1
V  2 gh   V   gh ' V  gh '
2
h
 h       h '  h ' 
  
Ans: (a)
33. A solid uniform ball of volume V floats on the interface of two immiscible liquids (see the figure). The
specific gravity of the upper liquid is 1 and that of lower one is  2 and the specific gravity of ball is
  1    2  . The fraction of the volume of the ball in the upper liquid is
2 2  1
(a) (b)
1 2  1
  1 1
(c) (d)
2  1 2
Sol: Let V be the total volume of the ball and v be the volume of the ball in the upper liquid. Then
V  v is the volume of the lower liquid displaced. Using the law of floatation, we have
V  g  v1g  V  v  2 g
V   v1  V 2  v2
1 H 2O
or V    2   v  1  2  V
Hg

v   2  
  2
V 1  2 2  1
Ans: (b)
34. Three identical vessels A, B and C contain same quantity of liquid. In each vessel balls of different
densities but same masses are placed. In vessel A , the ball is partly submerged; in vessel B , the ball is
completely submerged but floating and in vessel C , the ball has sunk to the base. If FA , FB and FC are
the total forces acting on the base of vessels A, B and C , respectively, then
m
m
a  b c
(a) FA  FB  FC (b) FA  FB  FC (c) FA  FB  FC (d) FA  FB  FC
Sol: W  weight of liquid

f B  buoyant force on the ball
 fB  fB fB
mg  weight of the ball, N  normal reaction between the ball and
the surface. The free-body diagrams of the balls in each vessel are
as follows.
At base, reaction force of buoyant force will act in downward N
mg mg mg
direction. The forces acting at the base of each tank are f B  mg f B  mg f B  N  mg
FA  W  f B  W  mg A  B C
FB  W  f B  W  mg
FC  W  f B  N  W  mg
Thus, FA  FB  FC
Ans: (a)
35. We have two different liquids A and B whose relative densities are 0.75 and 1.0 respectively. If we dip
solid objects P and Q having relative densities 0.6and0.9 in these liquids, then
(a) P floats in A and Q sinks in B (b) P sinks in A and Q floats in B
(c) P floats in B and Q sinks in A (d) P sinks in B and Q floats in A
Sol:  A  0.75 ,  P  0.6 ,  B  1.0 , Q  0.9
As relative density of P is lesser than B , so it will float in liquid B and as relative density of Q is
greater than liquid A so it will sink, because if density of the object is greater than that of the liquid in
which it is immersed, then its weight is more than the upthrust and vice versa.
Ans: (c)
36. A beaker containing water is placed on the platform of a spring balance. The balance leads 1.5kg . A
stone of mass 0.5kg and density 104 kg m3 is immersed in water without touching the walls of beaker.
What will be the balance reading now?

(a) 2kg (b) 2.5kg (c) 1kg (d) 3kg
Sol: As the water exerts upthrust on the stone, the stone also exerts the same force on water, according
to Newton’s third law. Upthrust force acting on the stone is upthrust
m  0.5
U  Vstone  g   stone    1000  10  0.5 N

 stone  10
4
Mg
Also, the weight is exerted on the beaker. Therefore, the reading will be 1.5  0.5  2kg
Ans: (a)
37. The tension in a string holding a solid block below the surface of a liquid (where liquid  block ) as in
shown in figure is T when the system is at rest. Then what will be the tension in
the string if the system has upward acceleration a ?
 a  a
(a) T 1   (b) T 1  
 g  g a
a  a
(c) T   1 (d) T
g  g
Sol: Let v be the volume of the solid block of density  . Let 1 be the density of water. Weight of body
 v g . When the body is immersed in water,
Tension in string  Upward thrust  Weight of the body

 T  v1g  v g  vg  1  2 
When the lift is moving upwards with acceleration a , the tension in the string is T  v  1      g  a 
 a
(i) and (ii), T  T0 1  
 g
Ans: (b)
38. Water is flowing steadily through a tube of varying cross-section as shown. Variation of pressure P
along the axis is represented by
P P P P
a  b c d

x x x x
Sol: Velocity of flow is large in narrower tube and pressure is less and in the wider portion velocity
decreases and hence pressure increases.
Ans: (b)

39. A liquid is flowing through a non-sectional tube with its axis horizontally. If two points x and y on
the axis of tube has a sectional area 2.0 cm2 and 25 mm2 respectively then find the flow velocity at y
when the flow velocity at x is 10 ms 1 .
(a) 80 ms1 (b) 8 ms1 (c) 40 ms1 (d) 32 ms1
Sol: According to principle of continuity vx AX  v y Ay
Therefore, v y 
1

vx Ax 10 ms ×2 cm

2
  
 80ms1
Ay 25×102 cm2  
Therefore, the flow velocity at y is 80ms 1 .
Ans: (a)
40. The reading of a monometer fitted to a closed tap is 3  5 105 Pa . If the valve is opened, the reading of
the monometer falls to 3 105 Pa . The velocity of water is
(a) 1 ms1 (b) 10 ms1 (c) 100 ms1 (d) 0 1 ms1
1 1
Sol: p1   v12  p2   v22
2 2
1 2 1
 v2   p1  p2    v12
2 2
  p1 – p2  ( v1  0)
2( p1  p2 ) 2  (3  5  105  3  105 )
or v2    10ms1
 103
Ans: (b)
41. A tap has a cross-sectional area 10–5 m2 through which water comes out with initial speed of 1 ms –1 .
Assuming steady flow and pressure to remain constant at all points, the cross-sectional area of the
stream 0.4 m below the tap is
1
(a) 3 10–5 m2 (b)  105 m2 (c) 4  10–5 m2 (d) 5  10–6 m2
3
Sol: Speed of the water stream 0.4 m below the tap is
v2  u 2  2 gs  12  2 10  0.4
v2  3 ms1
A1v1  A2v2
105 1  A2 3
1
 A2   105 m2
3

Ans: (b)
42. A tank is filled with water to a height H . Water comes out through a hole at a depth h from the water
surface. Horizontal distance from the tank at which the water strikes the ground is
(a) 2gh (b) 2 h( H  h) (c) 2 h( H  h) (d) 2h( H  h)
Sol: Vertical velocity of the water at hole is zero time taken by the water to reach base is
1 2
 H  h  0  gt
2
2( H  h) h
t 
g H
 Horizontal distance
2 H  h x
x  vt  2 gh  2 h H  h
g
Ans: (b)
43. A tank has a square shaped hole of side L at a depth y from the top of the tank and circular hole of
radius R at a depth 9 y if from the top. The quantities of water flowing out per second from both the
holes are same when tank is completely filled. Then R is equal to

L L
(a) 8 L (b) (c) (d) 8 L
3 3
Sol: A1v1  A2v2
L
L2 2 gy   R2 2 g (9 y) , L2   R2  3  R 
3
Ans: (c)
44. For a fluid which is flowing steadily, the level in the vertical tubes is best represented by
a  b
c d
Sol: From continuity equation, velocity at cross-section (1) is more than at cross- section (2)
Hence P1  P2
Ans: (a)

45. A plane is in level flight at constant speed and each of its two wings has an area of 25 m2 . If the speed
of the air is 180 kmh 1 over the lower wing and 234 kmh 1 over the upper wing surface, determine the
plane’s mass. (Take air density to be 1 kg m3 ).
(a) 40 kg (b) 4400 kg (c) 440 kg (d) 3200 kg
5
Sol: Here, v1  234   65ms1
18
5
v2  180   50ms1, A  25m2
18 v1  234 km h 1
Applying Bernoulli’s theorem above and below the wings

1 1 v2  180 km h 1
P1   v12  p2   v22
2 2
 P2  P1     v12  v22     652  502 

1 1
2 2
1
  65  50 65  50  862.5N m2
2
 Upward thrust on the two wings  862.5   25  2
This force supports the weight of the aeroplane

862.5  50
i.e., m 9.8  862.5  50 or m  4400 kg
9.8
Ans: (b)
46. Water flows through the tube shown in figure. The areas of cross section of
the wide and the narrow portions of the tube are 5 cm2 and 2 cm2
respectively. The rate of flow of water through the tube is
500cm3 s1 . Find the difference of mercury levels in the U -tube.
500cm3s1 500cm3s1
Sol: VA   100cms 1 , VB   250cms1
5cm2 2cm2
1
PA  PB    62500  10000    Hg 10  h
2
  52500  52.50
h    1.97cm
2 Hg  1000 2  13.6
Ans: 1.97cm
47. A wide vessel with a small hole in the bottom is filled with water and kerosene. Find the velocity of
water flow if the thickness of water layer is h1  30 cm and that of kerosene is h2  20 cm .
 h p   h p 
(a) 2 g  h1  2 2  (b) g  h1  2 2 
 p1   p1 

 h p 
(c) 2 g  h1  2 2  (d) 2g
 p1 
Sol: Let the densities of water and kerosene p1 and p2 respectively. Let area of the vessel be A and
area of the hole be a. Applying Bernoulli’s theorem at cross sections 1 and 2, we have
1 1
p2V22  Patm  0  p1V12   Patm  h2 p2 g   h1 p1g
2 2
1  a2   h P   h p 
av1  Av2  p1V12 1     h1  2 2  p1g  v1  2 g  h1  2 2 
2
2  A   p1   p1 
Ans: (c)
48. A film of soap solution is trapped between a vertical frame and a light wire ab of
length 0.1m . If g  10ms12 , then the load W that should be suspended from the
a b
wire to keep it in equilibrum is
(a) 0.2 g (b) 0.3g
W
(c) 0.4 g (d) 0.5 g
Sol: 25 103  2  0.1  m 10
5  103
m kg  0.5 g
10
Ans: (d)
49. A wire frame ABCD with sliding wire EF of length 20 cm is placed vertically. When a thin film is
formed in BCFE , the mass of block that has to be suspended from EF in order to keep it in equilibrium
is [ g  10 ms –2 , surface tension of liquid film  40 10–3 N m1 ].
(a) 80  10–5 kg (b) 160 10–5 kg (c) 40 10–5 kg (d) 320 10–5 kg
Sol: Force due to film  2Tl acting upwards B C

Block should balance this force for equilibrium.
mg  2Tl
E F
2Tl 2  40  103  20  102
m   160  105 kg m
g 10 A D
Ans: (b)
50. A spherical liquid drop of radius R is divided into 27 equal droplets. If the surface tension is T , then
work done in the process will be
(a)  R 2T (b) 27 R2T (c) 8 R2T (d) 9 R2T
4 3 4  R
Sol:  R  27   r 3   r 
3 3  3

 R2 
W  T S  T 4  27  R 2   8 R 2T
 9 
Ans: (c)
51. A mercury drop of radius 1 cm is sprayed into 106 droplets of equal size. Calculate the energy
expended if surface tension of mercury is 35 103 Nm1 .
(a) 5.56 103 J (b) 4.356 103 J (c) 23.56 103 J (d) 0.56  103 J
Sol: If a drop of radius R is sprayed into n droplets of equal radius r , then as drop has only one surface,
 
initial surface area will be 4 R 2 while final area n 4 r 2 . So the increase in area is

S  4 nr 2  R 2 
So energy expanded in the process

W  T A  4 T nr 2  R 2  … (1)
Now since the total volume of n droplets is the same as that of initial drop, i.e.,
4 3 4 
 R  n   r 3  or r  R / n1/3 … (2)
3 3 
So substituting the value of r from Eqn (2)in (1)
W  4 R 2T  n   1
1/3
 
 
2
So here W  4  3.14  1102  35 103 102  1  4.356  103 J .
 
Ans: (b)
52. Figure (a) shows a thin liquid film supporting a small weight
 4.5 102 N . What is the weight supported by a film of the same

liquid at the same temperature in Fig. (b) and (c)? Calculate the
surface tension of liquid. 40 cm
40 cm 40 cm
(a) 12 102 N. (b) 8 102 N. a  b c
(c) 5.8 102 N. (d) 4.5  102 N.

Sol: Length of the film  40.0cm  0.4m
40 cm 40 cm
40 cm
a  b c

 Total weight supported  4.5 102 N

F  S  2L
F 4.5  102
 S   5.625  102 N m1
2L 2  0.4
As length of the film supporting the weight is same and temperature is also same, the weight
supported by the film will also remain same i.e., 4.5 102 N.
Ans: (d)
53. Two bubbles are formed at the ends of the tube with a closed valve as shown. If valve is opened and air
can freely flow between the bubbles, then
(a) size of the bubbles remain same
A B
(b) size of the bubbles becomes equal
(c) A will become larger and B will become smaller in size
(d) A will become smaller and B will become larger in size
1
Sol: Excess pressure inside bubble is 
radius
 Pressure in A is more compared to B . Hence air will go from A to B
Ans: (d)
54. A glass tube of uniform internal radius ( r ) has a valve in a tightly closed
position. End 1 has a hemispherical soap bubble of radius r . End 2 has sub-
hemispherical soap bubble as shown in figure. Just after opening the valve.
(a) Air from end 1 flows towards end 2. No change in the volume of the
soap bubbles 2 1
(b) Air from end 1 flows towards end 2. Volume of the soap bubble at end 1 decreases
(c) No changes occurs
(d) Air from end 2 flows towards end 1. Volume of the soap bubble at end 1 increases
4T
Sol: P1  Pressure just inside the bubble at the end 2  p0 
R
4T
P2  Pressure just inside the bubble at the end 1  p0 
R
R  r  p2  p1  Air will flow from end 1 to end 2
Ans: (b)
55. A cube with a mass m  20 g floats on the surface of water. Each face of the cube is 3 cm long. What is
the distance between the lower face of the cube and the surface of the water?
(S.T. of water  70 dynecm1 ]
(a) 2.315 cm (b) 315 cm (c) 23.15 cm (d) 0.315 cm

Sol: Downward force  buoyant force
Mg  4Ta  a 2 x g
Mg  4Ta 20  103  10  4  70  103  3  102

x  T
x
a2 g 9  104  103  10 a
0.2  0.0084 0.2084

   2.315 cm
9 9
Ans: (a)
56. Two mercury drops each of radius r merge to form a bigger drop. Calculate the surface enrgy
released.
Sol: Surface area of one drop before merging  4 r 2
Total surface area of both the drops  8 r 2
Hence, the surface energy before merging  8 r 2S

When the drops merge, the volume of the bigger drop
4 8
 2   r3   r3
3 3
If the radius of this new drop is R,
4 3 8 3
R  r
3 3
1
or, R  2 3 r
2
or, 4 R2  4  2 3   r 2
2
Hence, the surface energy  4  2 3   r 2S
2
The released surface energy  8 r S  4  2 3  r 2S
2
 1.65 r 2S
Ans: 1.65 r 2S
57. There is an air bubble of radius 1.0 mm in a liquid of surface tension 0  075 Nm1 and density
1000 kg m3 . The bubble is at a depth of 10 cm below the free surface. By what amount is the pressure
inside the bubble greater than the atmospheric pressure? Taken g  9  8ms2 .
Sol: Let the atmospheric pressure be P0 . The pressure of the liquid just outside the bubble is
P  P0  h g.
P0
The pressure inside the bubble is
2S 2S h
P'  P   P0  h g 
r r P
P
or, P ' P0
2  0.075N m1
 
 10 cm  1000 kg m3 9  8 ms2   1  0  103 m
 1130 Pa
Ans: 1130 Pa
58. Shapes of the meniscus formed by two liquids when capillaries are dipped in them are shown. In I it is
hemispherical where as in II it is flat. Pick correct statement regarding contact angle formed by the
liquids in both situations.
(a) It is 180 in I and 90 in II
(b) It is 0 in I and 90 in II
(c) It is 90 in I and 0 in II
I II
(d) It is greater than 90 in I and equal to 90 in II
Sol: For hemispherical shape and for flat surface
Tangent
 0
Tangent   90
on liquid
on liquid   90
surface
Solid
surface
Solid surface
surface
Ans: (b)
59. A capillary tube of radius 0.20 mm is dipped vertically in water. The height of the water column raised
in the tube, will be (surface tension of water  0.075 Nm1 and density of water  1000 kg m3 . Take
g  10 ms2 and contact angle 0 ).
(a) 7.5 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 5 cm (d) 3 cm
2S cos 2  0.075 N m1  1

Sol: We have, h    0.075 m  7.5 cm
rpg  
0.20  103  1000 kg m3 10 ms2  
Ans: (a)
60. The lower end of a capillary tube is dipped into water and it is seen that the water rises through 7.5cm
in the capillary. Find the radius of the capillary. Surface tension of water  7  5 102 Nm1 . Contact
angle between water and glass  0 . Take g  10 ms2 .
Sol: We have
2S cos 2 S cos
h or, r
r g h g


2  7  5  102 N m 1 1 
 0  075 m   1000kg m 3
  10 ms2 
 2 104 m  0.2 mm
Ans: 0.2 mm
61. A mosquito with 8 legs stands on water surface and each leg makes depression of radius a . If the
surface tension and angle of contact are T and zero respectively, then the weight of mosquito is
Ta Ta
(a) 8Ta (b) 16 Ta (c) (d)
8 16
Sol: T (2 a  8)  W is the weight of the mosquito.
Ans: (b)
62. The angle of contact between glass and water is 0 and water (surface tension 70dyn cm1 ) rises in a
glass capillary up to 6cm . Another liquid of surface tension 140dyn cm1 angle of contact 60 and
relative density 2 will rise in the same capillary up to

(a) 12cm (b) 24cm (c) 3cm (d) 6cm
1
h2  2 cos2 1 h1 140  2 1
Sol:   or  
h1 2 1 cos1 h2 2 70  1
h 6
or h2  1  cm  3cm
2 2
Ans: (c)
63. A glass rod of radius 1mm is inserted symmetrically into a glass capillary tube with inside radius 2mm
. Then the whole arrangement is brought in contact of the surface of water. Surface tension of water is
7 102 Nm1 . To what height will the water rise in the capillary?   0
(a) 1.4cm (b) 4.2cm (c) 2.1cm (d) 6.8cm
Sol: Let h be the height of water inside the capillary. Total upward force tending to pull water
supports the weight of the water.
 
T  2 r1  2 r2   h  r22   r12  g
2  7  102
 14 103 m  1.4cm
2T
h  
 
 r2  r1   g 103 103 10 
Ans: (a)

Paragraph (I)-(III)
Figure shows a capillary tube of radius r dipped into water. The atmospheric pressure is
P0 and the capillary rise of water is h . s is the surface tension for water-glass. A
h
64. The pressure inside water at the point A (lowest point of the meniscus) is
2s 2s 4s
(a) P0 (b) P0  (c) P0  (d) P0 
r r r
2S
Sol: PA  P0 
r
The presence inside a concave mensicus is less than the pressure outside (atmospheric). Assuming the
2S
meniscus to be spherical (as for thin capillaries), excess pressure is where r is the radius of the
r
hemispherical surface.
65. Initially, h  10cm . If the capillary tube is now inclined at 45 , the length of water rising in the tube
will be
10
(a) 10cm (b) 10 2 cm (c) cm (d) None of these
2
Sol: When the capillary tube is tilted by an angle  with the vertical, the capillary rise to distance l in
the tube will be such that the meniscus will remain at the same
vertical height above the level of water in the container. l

Hence h  l cos
h 10
l   10 2 cm
cos cos 45
66. Which of the following graphs may represent the relation between the capillary rise h and the
radius r of the capillary?
(a) (b) h
h
r
r
h h
(c) (d)
r r

2S cos
Sol: The capillary rise h is given by h  , Hr  constant for a given glass and liquid. This is
 gr
shown correctly in (c)

Ans: (I) c (II) b (III) b
67. The lower end of a capillary tube of radius 1 mm is dipped vertically into mercury. (a) Find the
depression of mercury column in the capillary. (b) If the length dipped inside is half the answer of part
(a), find the angle made by the mercury surface at the end of the capillary with the vertical. Surface
tension of mercury  0.465 Nm1 and the contact angle of mercury with glass  135 .
Sol:
1
2  0.465 
2 s cos 2  0.93  5.3mm
(a) h  
 rg 13600 
1
 10 192.3
1000
 rhg
(b) cos   112
2s
Ans: (a) 5.34 mm (b) 112

68. A capillary tube of radius 1 mm is kept vertical with the lower end in water. (a) Find the height of
water raised in the capillary. (b) If the length of the capillary tube is half the answer of part (a), find the
angle  made by the water surface in the capillary with the wall.
Sol:
2s cos 2  0.075 0.075
(a) h     1.5cm
 rg 1000 
1
 10 5
1000
(b)  r 2hg  2 rs cos
1
1000   0.75  102  10
 rhg 1000 1
 cos   
2s 2  0.075 2
  60
Ans: (a) 1.5 cm (b) 60
69. A space 2.5cm wide between two large plane surfaces is filled with oil.
Force required to drag a very thin plate of area 0.5 m2 just midway
2.5cm F
1
the surfaces at a speed of 0.5 ms is 1 N. The coefficient of viscosity in
1.25cm
kg sm2 is
(a) 5 102 (b) 2.5 102
(c) 1102 (d) 7.5  102

0.5  2
Sol: Velocity gradient  F
2.5  102
F
dv 0.5
F  2 A  2    0.5 
dz 1.25 102
   2.5 102 kg sm2
Ans: (b)
70. The velocity of water in a river is 18kmh 1 near the surface. If the river is 5 m deep, find the shearing
stress between the horizontal layers of water. The coefficient of viscosity of water  102 poise.
d 18kmh 1
Sol: The velocity gradient in vertical direction is    1.0s1 .
dx 5m
The magnitude of the force of viscosity is

d
F  A
dx
The shearing stress is
F
A

d
dx
  
 102 poise 1 0 s1  103 Nm2
Ans: 103 Nm2
71. Liquid is flowing through two tubes of length L and 3L and radius r and 3r respectively which are
connected in series. The pressure difference across first and second tube are in the ratio
(a) 3:1 (b) 1: 3 (c) 27 :1 (d) 9 :1
Sol: As tubes are in series, rate of flow will be same.
P1r 4 P2 (3r )4 P 81

Q    1   27
8 L 8 3L P2 3
Ans: (c)
72. Under a pressure head, the rate of orderly volume flow of liquid through a capillary tube is Q . If the
length of capillary tube is doubled and the diameter of the bore is halved, the rate of flow would
become
Q Q Q
(a) (b) 16 Q (c) (d)
4 8 32
4
r
 P 
Pr 4
  Q2
Sol: Q  ; Q1 
8l 8 (2l ) 32
Ans: (d)
73. A small steel ball falls through a syrup at constant speed of 10ms –1 . If the steel ball is pulled upwards
with a force equal to twice its effective weight, it moves upwards with a speed of

(a) 10ms –1 (b) 20ms –1 (c) 5ms –1 (d) 5ms –1
Sol: When a body is falling downwards with a constant speed v , then weight of body = viscous force.
When body is pulled upwards with a force equal to twice its effective weight, it will be opposed by
weight of body and viscous force, due to which, the resultant force on body is zero. Thus the upward
terminal velocity of body is same as downward terminal velocity 10ms-1 .
Ans: (a)
74. Two identical drops of water fall through air with a terminal velocity 2 ms –1 . If the drops merge to
form a single drop, its terminal velocity is
(a) 3.17 ms –1 (b) 1.58 ms –1 (c) 2.52 ms –1 (d) 4 ms –1
4 3 4 
Sol: When two drops merge let R be the radius, then  R  2   r 3   R  21/3 r
3 3 
vT r2
vT   radius 2  
vT1 22/3 r 2
vT1  41/3 vT =41/3  2 = 3.17 m s–1
Ans: (a)
75. A small sphere is falling from rest through a large column of viscous liquid. The variation of the
velocity v of the sphere with time is
v v v
v
a  b c d
t t t t
Sol: Initially sphere moves with an acceleration and after certain instant it moves with constant velocity
(terminal velocity)
Ans: (a)

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JEE–Stage 2 Mechanical Properties of Solids and Fluids

End of Chapter – Practice Questions

(a) n 2 times (b) n times (c) 2n times (d)  2n  1 times

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copper  1.11011 Nm2 .

the elongation in each wire be l .

Dividing (ii) by (i),

Sol: The change in pressure

 P  106 N m2  105 N m2

Thus the decrease in volume is 0.45 cm3 .

Ans: 0.45 cm3

100 atmospheres. The bulk modulus of its material in dyne cm –2 is

(a) 10 1010 (b) 100 102 (c) 11012 (d) 2 1011

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p  100 1.01106 dynecm2

p 100  1.01 106

(a) 0.00141 m (b) 0.00282 m (c) 0.005 m (d) 0.01 m

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the wire  2 1011 Nm2

(a) 3  6 N (b) 7  2 N (c) 9 N (d) 12  6 N

Sol: F  p  A   gh  A  900 10  0  4  2 103  7  2N

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12. Two communicating vessels 1 and 2 contain immiscible liquids of

pressures at the points A and B in the same horizontal. Then A B

(b) weight of water  w g 5 A1  A2 

 104 5 10 104  100 104   150 N

Ans: (a) 600 N (b) 150 N

(c) 0.56cm (d) 0.8cm

of the level of mercury in the left limb be 4x . Therefore, Initial

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36  4x  1g  5x 13.6  g

the height h of the water column is h 2 cm

(c) 27.2cm (d) 54cm

the same base area. Select the correct alternatives.

(a) The force on the base will be maximum in vessel A

Ans: (a) 100600Pa (b) 110880Pa

Then F   P1  P2  A   ghA where A is the cross section of the tube. The

mass of the liquid in the horizontal protion is

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Force  P1A  P2 A  1 A   6

( h  difference in the level of the liquid in the two arms)

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material of the sphere in g cc –1 is

(a) 3 (b) 6.4 (c) 7.2 (d) 12.8

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V0  xV0  dg  V0d0 g

(a) the density of the metal is 3 g cm –3

(b) the density of the metal is 7 g cm –3

(d) the density of the metal is 10 g cm –3

weight of the body in air 210

Density of the body  specific gravity  density of water  3 1 3 g cm–3

Sol: Weight of the block of steel in air  5  5  5  7 g

Weight of water displaced by steel  5  5  5  1 g

 level of water increases

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Sol: When beaker is at rest, up thrust = T0  mg

  1    2  . The fraction of the volume of the ball in the upper liquid is

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(a) FA  FB  FC (b) FA  FB  FC (c) FA  FB  FC (d) FA  FB  FC

Sol: W  weight of liquid

(a) P floats in A and Q sinks in B (b) P sinks in A and Q floats in B

(c) P floats in B and Q sinks in A (d) P sinks in B and Q floats in A

Sol:  A  0.75 ,  P  0.6 ,  B  1.0 , Q  0.9

What will be the balance reading now?