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The concept of Industrial Relations means the relationship between employees and
management in the day-to-day working industry. But the concept has a wide meaning.
When taken in the wider sense, Industrial Relations are a “set of functional
interdependence involving historical, economic, social, psychological, demographic,
technological, occupational, political and legal variables”.
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the employment process of an industry. The concept of industrial relations has been
extended to denote the relations of the state with employers, workers, and their
organizations. The subject therefore includes individual relations and joint
consultations between employers and work people at their work place collective
relations between employers and their organizations and trade unions and part played
by the state in regulating these relations.
The total worker plays an important role in industrial relations. The total worker
includes working age, educational background, family background, psychological
factors, culture, skills etc., Worker’s organizations prominently known as trade unions
play their role more to protect the workers’ economic interest through collective
bargaining and by bringing pressure on management through economic and political
tactics.
Employers and their organizations
Employer is a crucial factor in industrial relations. He employs the worker, pays the
wages and various allowances, and regulates the working relations through various
rules, regulations and by enforcing labour laws. Employers form their organizations to
equate or excel their bargaining power with that of trade unions. These organizations
protect the interest of the employer by pressuring the trade unions and government.
Government
Government plays a balancing role as custodian of the nation. Government exerts its
influence on industrial relations through its labour policy, industrial relations policy,
implementing labour laws, the process of conciliation an adjudication by playing the
role of a mediator etc.
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IMPORTANCE OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
High morale – Good industrial relations improve the morale of the employees.
Employees work with great zeal with the feeling in mind that the interest of the
employer and employees is the same, i.e. to increase production. Every worker
feels that he is a co-owner of the gains of industry. The employer in his turn must
realise that the gains of the industry are not for him alone, but they should be
shared equally and generously with the workers. In other words, complete unity of
thought and action is the main achievement of industrial peace. It increases the
place of workers in the society, and their ego is satisfied. It naturally affects
production because mighty co-operative efforts alone can produce great results.
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Mental Revolution – The main object of industrial relation is a complete mental
revolution of workers and employees. The industrial peace lies ultimately in a
transformed outlook on the part of both. It is the business of leadership in the
ranks of workers, employees and the government to work out a new relationship
in consonance with a spirit of true democracy. Both should think themselves as
partners in the industry, and the role of workers in such a partnership should be
recognized. On the other hand, workers must recognize employer’s authority. It
will naturally have an impact on production because they recognize the interest of
each other.
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SELECTION OF THE ORGANIZATION
Navayuga Engineering Company Limited (NECL), the flagship entity of the Navayuga
Group started its operations in the year 1986 as a private limited company.It was
founded by Mr.C.Visewesara Rao and was located in Hyderabad.
“NEC's core ability to deliver projects on time, and within budget, has
received widespread recognition and accolades. Having successfully undertaken
several port development projects, we are poised to achieve the distinction of being the
largest developer and operator of ports in India. Further, company was embarking on
ambitious plans to undertake and execute some of the most challenging projects in the
most unforgiving terrains, not just in India but also globally. This, indeed, is a
testimony to NEC’s emergence as one of the world’s leading infrastructure companies.
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NEED FOR THE STUDY
Need of Industrial Relation has arisen to defend the interest of workers for
adjusting the reasonable salary or wages. It also helps the workers to seek perfect
working condition for producing maximum output. Workers/employees are concerned
with social security measures through this. Industrial Relations is also needed for
achieving the democracy by allowing worker to take part in management, which helps
to protect human rights of individual.
Any organization to be effectively performed should have sound Industrial
Relations. A sound Industrial Relations comprises.
Congenial relations between employees and employer.
Congenial labor management relations
Minimized industrial conflicts
Highly developed trade unions
Contribution to the organizational objectives
With respect to all these requirements an IR has to be maintained. As the
contribution of IR is vast there is a definite need to undertake a study to assess and to
develop the given requirements.
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SCOPE OF THE STUDY
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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
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METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
The Project Scenario entitled “A study on Industrial Relations and its impact
in Navayuga Engineering Company Limited” was carried out for 6 weeks at
Navayuga Engineering Company Limited.
DATA COLLECTION:
The study was carried out by collecting and analyzing the data collected
both from Primary and Secondary sources.
PRIMARY DATA:
Primary Data was collected by discussions with managers and the employees.
A Questionnaire was prepared and administered on a sample of 100 containing
executives (35), non-executives (50) and unskilled labour (15). The data collected is
analyzed to know the perception of executives, non-executives and unskilled labour
towards their role in maintaining the cordial Industrial Relations.
SECONDARY DATA:
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LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The data opinions, observations and conclusions expressed here are collected by
survey and literature provided by Navayuga Engineering Company Limited.
One of the most limiting factors for a thorough and complete study of the subject
has been the insufficient period of study.
The survey was conducted on the sample based upon random selection; random
selection has its own defects.
Elaborate study was not possible due to employer timings and the shifts of the
employees.
The subject is quite exhaustive and only a limited portion of it could be worked
with.
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INDUSTRY PROFILE
The Taj Mahal and Lal Quila are the legandry example of competence of
Indian talent in the field of construction .However very authentic record of the
construction operation of these buildings are not available today. The history of
systematised or organised construction practice in India can be traced back to around
1847 AD when Lord Dalhouise established the Public Works Department, called
PWD, today, to construct civil engineering structure which included road, small dams,
canals etc. The department worked successfully for 100 years.
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1952 which amounts today approximately more than Rs.100,000 crore in first five
year plan in which 50% of capital outlay was allotted to construction of civil works.
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History:
The period from 1970 to mid 60’s witnessed the government playing an active role in
the development of these services and most of construction activities during this
period were carried out by state owned enterprises and supported by government
departments. In the first five-year plan, construction of civil works was allotted nearly
50 per cent of the total capital outlay.
The share of the Indian construction sector in total gross capital formation
(GCF) came down from 60 per cent in 1970-71 to 34 per cent in 1990-91. Thereafter,
it increased to 48 per cent in 1993-94 and stood at 44 per cent in 1999-2000. In the 21
st century, there has been an increase in the share of the construction sector in GDP
and capital formation.
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GDP from Construction at factor cost (at current prices) increased
to 1.745 billion (12.02% of the total GDP ) in 2004-05 from 1,162.38 billion (10.39%
of the total GDP) in 2000-01.
The main reason for this is the increasing emphasis on involving the
private sector infrastructure development through public-private partnerships and
mechanisms like build-operate-transfer (BOT), private sector investment has not
reached the expected levels. The Indian construction industry comprises 200 firms in
the corporate sector. In addition to these firms, there are about 120,000 class A
contractors registered with various government construction bodies. There are
thousands of small contractors, which compete for small jobs or work as sub-
contractors of prime or other contractors. Total sales of construction industry have
reached 428854 million in 2004 05 from 214519 million in 2000-01, almost 20% of
which is a large contract for Benson & Hedges.
Thus it can be said that any attention to optimise construction activity will
lead to reduction in waste of material, saving of energy and saving of time. This will
certainly lead to reduction in cost over runs of other projects. Thus, construction
sector is directly or indirectly influences the overall economy of the country.
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construction industry creates immobile assets worth over Rs.20000 crore by
employing more than 3 crore people .It enhances nation's GDP by 5% and gross
capital formation of 78%.It is expected that total capital expenditure of state and
centre will be approaching Rs.802087 crores during the period 2011-12. This amount
indicates an enhancement of Rs.658500 crore from the figure of Rs. 143587 in 1999-
2000.In the 21st century there has been an increase in the share of the construction
sector in GDP and capital formation .The GDP from construction at factore cost or at
current prices increased to Rs. 174571 crores (12.02 % of the total GDP)in 2004 -05
from Rs.16238 crores (10.39% of the total GDP in period 2000-01.The increasing
involvement of the private sector in infrastructure development through public private
partnership and the strategy like Build Own Transfer (BOT) can be cited as the main
factor for such increase in GDP. However there is always scope for more active
participation from private sector in this direction through investment. There are
around 200 firms from corporate sector, working in Indian construction industry .The
number of registered class.
NATIONAL ECONOMY
Construction industry has some peculiar characteristics like any other industry.
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Thirdly, the useful life of construction project of national importance is very
long usually more than 60 years for most of the major constructions.
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Such peculiar characteristics of construction project opened the portals for
the development of special managerial tools, like materials management, CPM and
PERT to handle the project in a professional manner. In India, construction industry is
fragmented and a sizeable construction work is performed by the unorganised sector.
Such peculiar characteristic creates favourable conditions for the establishment of a
new company. If Construction Company is weighed on the basis of men; material and
money following facts come up.As most of the construction is done either on site or
precast members, are fabricated and assembled on the site and most of the
construction equipment are available on rental basis, thus a little capital is invested in
fixed assets and machinery.Construction companies require relatively low working
capital as after award of contract, company realises mobilisation advance from owner
before starting the work.
In India, companies, usually employ labour contractor for the supply of labour
force. So very few employees are on the permanent pay roll of the company.These
factors are responsible for the birth of small to very big construction companies. This
introduces competition in the market. There are pitfalls but a professionally managed
construction company is able to pay rich dividend to its owners/shareholders.
Types of Construction:
Total construction work can be divided into two broad categories viz. public and
private.
The public projects i.e. whose direct beneficiary will be the public, is
usually handled by the government, of course govt. get it done by any contractor or by
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construction company by awarding the work through bids and tenders. It is public
money or any financial aid or loan from agencies like World Bank, that is spent.
Dams, Bridges, Canals, Metro Rail, Power Projects, DUDA,SUDA are typical
examples of public projects.
Secondly in Indian working environment one cannot afford delay in private projects
but cost over runs and delays in public projects are an everyday phenomenon in India.
An Individual
Group Housing Societies
Centre, State, Local Government and Development Authorities.
Corporate Sector
Other countries at International level.
Individuals:
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Group Housing Societies:
Corporate Sector:
Government Construction:
Local Development Authorities, CPWD, PWD of various states etc are the
department which look after the construction of government sponsored, civil
engineering works. Here Construction Company is guided by strict rules and
regulations of the state, for such departments, time factor is least important.
International Contract:
After the Second World War under developed, oil-rich countries were busy
in creating infrastructure of the country to boost economic growth. Sometimes even
developed countries need huge construction for the events like Olympic and Asian
games.
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These projects are mostly financed by the user country or by some
international financing agency like World Bank. In such cases international bids are
invited. Construction companies from US, Great Britain, West Germany and France
usually take the best part of these contracts.
There are three main organs of construction industry other than the consumer.
The Owner
The Consultant
The Contractor
The Owner:
Civil Engineering Projects are usually cost intensive. Usually the investor
does feasibility study in advance. Any investor or promoter is worried about two
things. Firstly investor is worried about the rate of return. Secondly the patterns of
cash flow. The ideal situation will be high and early return. i.e. on what date what
amount is required and from where the same will be arranged. The owner or promoter
may be an individual, a government authority, a government department, a corporate
house etc.
The Consultant:
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The basic function of an engineer is to design and do necessary
permutation and combination to optimise the solution. Although consultant should
have experience, knowledge and wisdom that all certainly come with age but people
who are well versed with new material, new technology, new equipment and of
course having a lot of energy and enthusiasm to do something new are also desirable
on the project.
The Contractor:
In Civil Engineering Project, contractor translates the blue print into reality
with the help of work force and material. The practice of contractor ship in civil
engineering is perhaps as old as civil engineering itself. A poorly written contract
agreement is always a good cause of bone of contention. In contracts, one should
always seek the help of a legal expert. This is imperative that owner himself should
enhance his knowledge on the subjects like laws of contract, negotiable instrument act
and consumer protection act etc.
Regulatory bodies related with any business can be classified into two broad
categories viz. general and specific.
Income Tax, Labour Court, Labour Union, Electricity Board are the
departments with which every business organization has to deal, fall in general
category. So every business organization should be well versed with the rules,
regulation ,written and unwritten laws of these departments.
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awareness of day-to-day changes in the working and rules and regulation of the
authority.
In fact, rules, regulation and bye laws are framed to provide healthy living
but sometimes these laws are one sided i.e. in favour of government only. Thus, it is
advisable that rules should not be violated in ordinary circumstances.
The second thing in case of projects like hotel and apartment is the
disposal of wastewater and night soil. It is obligatory upon liaison officer of the
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construction company or construction manager to initiate the issue for the permission
of connection of sewer of the building to the municipal sewer.
4. Local Police:
Local police plays an important role in any construction project in India
because development authorities always take the help of police to meet their
objectives or in case of mishappening on the site local police has to be taken into
confidence. It is obligatory on the part of construction manager to maintain good
relations with local police station and police officers of that area. Of course
maintenance of such relations, always lead to additional expenditure on the
construction company.
Management in Construction:
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Every construction project is unique in itself and does not need very strict
technical standardization. An operation in construction work involves many skills and
talent, mostly of non-repetitive nature. Remote location of the project, poor means of
transportation and varying productivity of labour are some factors, which are beyond
the contractor's control. Thus construction business is volatile in nature with many ups
and downs.
Any construction activity starts from scratch and passes through various
intricate processes and finally project ends in a built up facility or reaches to start up
phase of the project and finally project becomes operational. Like other business in
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construction business also ,there are many slips between cup and lip. The failure of
construction business is a subject of analytical inquiry and a matter of concern. So
many investigators have examined the issue. A few are being reported here.
Incompetence
Unbalanced experience
Lack of managerial experience
Lack of experience in particular line
Neglect
Fraud
Disaster
The first four items listed in above list account for over 90 percent of the
failures. This fact exhibits that financial success of Construction Company depends
almost entirely upon the quality of its management. Sometimes prolonged work, poor
profit margin, lack of proper accounting procedure can be cited as reason for the
failure. If we club all these reasons, it points towards poor management.
Although the managers do not normally, carry out the construction work with
their own hand, Yet they are responsible for keeping the project on schedule within
the cost limits. They should have telescopic as well as microscopic vision on each and
every step of construction operation, right from preliminary estimates and various
types of costs to the final inspection and payment.
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In managing any construction project, personality of construction manager
plays a vital role. This very trait can never be ignored. Mustapha and Naoum (1998)
have investigated factors, which influence effectiveness of site managers. They are of
strong opinion that personal variables as a whole have an impact on effectiveness of
site managers.
After recording a spectacular growth of over 12%, more than the country’s
GDP in the past half decade, the Indian construction sector all of a sudden lost stream
in last fiscal largely due to global financial turmoil. Not just this, the turmoil tremors
created multiplier impact across sectors including steel, cement, power, petroleum,
aluminum, IT and ports, besides badly Bruising the Indian economy.
But few sectors such as telecom, urban infrastructure, railways, oil and gas,
which are also generating large share of construction activities have not been affected
badly. These segments have registered a noticeable growth in project orders from
centre, states, and local firms. However, orders from overseas firms have drastically
dwindled.
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pumping money to generate demands for goods and services by creating jobs through
higher spending into physical and social infrastructure. Likewise, the Indian
government on its part is not lagging behind on this score and has taken concrete steps
to revive the sector to regain its past glory.
The government has initiated innumerable initiatives to lift the sector from its current
dormant conditions. The measures include authorizing the Indian Infrastructure
Finance Company Limited (IIFCL) to raise Rs.100 billion by issuing of tax free bonds
to make highways and port projects funding worth Rs. 250 billion available to the
sector. In order to finance projects worth Rs. 750 billion over the next 18 months, the
IIFCL has been given permission to raise additional funds worth Rs. 300 billion.
The Planning Commission has estimated that an investment of about $492 billion will
be required for the infrastructure sector during the Eleventh Five Year Plan. Whereas
private investment seems difficult to come by in the current scenario, public
investment can be expected to materialize or even increase. While it is essential that
the government plays a vital role in improving the pace of implementation of key
projects, construction companies need to upgrade their project management expertise
and ensure that there is adequate capacity to undertake and execute projects on time.
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Construction Equipment Industry
The new equipment purchases have slumped due to a lack of funds since
buying involves large upfront payments. According to available reports, equipment
sales have taken a hit of about 18 to 25%. While equipment already leased out is
unaffected, the decline in the number of new projects has led to a significant fall in
new leasing contracts. This situation is expected to continue for the next couple of
months. Many construction equipment companies have cut down production and are
approaching their respective governments for financial support.
In fact, the fundamentals of the Indian growth story are sound, and the
demand for infrastructure and industrial activity continues to be strong. With the
government stepping up its support to the infrastructure sectors along with adequate
monetary measures aimed at increasing credit flow, the situation is likely to stabilize
in the equipment sector, though expectedly with some lag.
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Further, about 15% of the network carries 80% of the traffic.
Till January 2009, projects covering 33,000 km under phases I, II, III A and V have
been under development out of which about 10,000 km has been four-lane. The
Golden Quadrilateral, providing four-lane connectivity to four metros is near
completion and the North-South-East West (NSEW) corridor is around 45%
complete, whereas Phases III, V and VI are under– implementation. Phases IV and
VII are at initial stages of implementation. Strikingly, the policy and regulatory
framework has gone a sea change in the past 10 years wherein funding share of
private investment has registered a marked increase and share of traditional sources
declined drastically. In the prevailing circumstances public spending in the road sector
through budgetary sources or the CRP will not be impacted by the crisis. The
projected commitment of Rs. 131.73 billion for financial year 2008–09 under the CRF
is expected to be met. But the PPP investments under the NHDP have been impacted
by the crisis. Nearly 60% of the future funding requirements of the NHDP Rs.
3,014.88 billion till 2015 are expected to come from the private sector.
The PPP projects for which funds have already been tied up might also face
difficulty in drawing down as the risk perception of the sector has risen. Available
reports suggest that about 60% of the awarded national highway projects yet to
achieve financial closure. In the current scenario, the new highways projects in the
private sector may find it tough to achieve financial closure.
Urban Infrastructure
That apart, the decision of the government to continue with a corpus of Rs.
4,000 crore for rural roads in the Interim Budget has brought cheer to the companies
engaged in construction, infrastructure, logistics and transport segments. The move is
expected to bring a shift in the supply-chain pattern and improve the delivery of
construction materials as due to lack of such facilities in the countryside, the delivery
is inadequate both in term of quantity and quality. Today, most of the tier II and III
towns are emerging as rural market hubs of production, consumption and distribution.
Similarly, the fiscal sops and stimulus and classified loans under Rs. 20
lakh as priority sector lending are all set to brighten the prospects of housing sector.
The new classification of loans is aimed at encouraging banks to lend. The Rs. 4000
crore refinance facility for NHB will ensure availability of loans for the sector. The
reduction in home loans rates by PSU banks to Rs. 5 lakh and 9.5% for loans in the
range of Rs. 5 to 20 lakh has prompted large private players such as HDFC and ICICI
bank to cut rates, the development will again encourage housing activities which will
again boost the business of steel and cement and construction companies.
Recently, the centre has given a major incentive to the states to engage
private developers by agreeing in doling out 25% of the total cost of external services
such as drainage, roads, sewage and a water supply as grant to state governments.
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Consequently, the meltdown may soon make housing for the masses a reality. The
Centre has been awaiting a reply from state governments on its Rs. 5,000 crore
package to create on million affordable houses across the country. In the recent past,
developers have also announced plans to foray into the affordable housing segment.
The leading players in the real estate business have also unveiled plans to build
houses in the 20 lakh category. In fact, the meltdown may soon make housing for the
masses a reality.
Conclusion
Now the construction activities have started picking up. Recently, the
Government has issued contracts worth Rs 1,861 crore relating to projects in mining,
railway, infrastructure, commercial buildings, and some of the construction
companies are also coasting along with a steady flow of contracts. About 90% of
these contracts are from the Government agencies and this is going to be the mainstay
of business in construction sector for some time to come till such orders start flowing
from the private sector. It is indeed to the credit of some of the construction
companies that despite odds, these companies have shown exemplary perseverance in
tackling recession to carry out construction work, others would also ride well through
the present dull phaseas the situation improves.
It is expected that sooner rather than later, the sleepy construction project
sites would pulsate with construction work once again and one would see trucks loads
of men, materials and machinery moving to and fro with men and women working on
a war footing to translate country’s development vision into a concrete reality.
Shedding its initial pessimism, the construction equipment sector is also getting into
optimistic mode and is busy in giving final touches to their expansion plans to add
new manufacturing facilities sensing a demand pull in the next 6-8 months. All in all,
the construction industry was no doubt down but not out.
The next 2-3 years are going to be the moment of reckoning for the
construction industry to demonstrate its managerial, financial and technical prowess
to establish new benchmarks in construction management, construction quality,
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imparting value addition to its products and services in critical construction
equipment product line. To resist such like present global meltdown, the industry has
to look within to develop its competitiveness across segments through enhancing their
capabilities in R&D to leverage innovation through indigenous capability and
expertise. They need to exploit and build on their own inherent labor and material cost
advantage and resource savings to manage crisis. The present time is the best time to
revisit some of these and other strategies and explore new growth avenues not only to
mere recover from such situations, but also to prepare itself for new global shocks.
With or without stimulus packages, the best means for the well being and growth
come from within. What matters most is to put one’s best foot forward in recession,
recover fast and emerge stronger than ever.
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COMPANY PROFILE
VISION
THE VISIONARY
“NEC's core ability to deliver projects on time, and within budget, has received
widespread recognition and accolades. Our unmatched domain knowledge and
expertise have earned us the reputation of a ‘pioneer’. Having successfully undertaken
several port development projects, we are poised to achieve the distinction of being the
largest developer and operator of ports in India. Further, we are embarking on
ambitious plans to undertake and execute some of the most challenging projects in the
most unforgiving terrains, not just in India but also globally. This, indeed, is a
testimony to NEC’s emergence as one of the world’s leading infrastructure companies.
Our drive to the top is powered by a perfect blend of youth and experience across the
management and workforce. This apart, cutting-edge technology and equipment,
underlying strength of the value-system and well-defined corporate vision, all
contribute to our strong foundation of excellence.
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NEC's activities, operations and performance are the outcome of strict adherence to our
motto - Seize the right opportunities in a world of limitless possibilities and lay
milestones along the path to success."
CORPORATE POLICY
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
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ICONIC PROJECTS
NEC was entrusted with the responsibility of constructing the Polavaram Project by
the Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, once it became clear that the previous contractor could
not meet the herculean challenges associated with completion of this mammoth
Project.
The construction of this mega structure, with a pier height of 54 m and a total of 48
gates spanning 1070 m, requires pouring of 31 lakh cubic meters of concrete, 50,000
tonnes of steel and 9,30,000 tonnes of cement, all in record time.
The project has set a world record by pouring 32,315.5 cubic metres of concrete into
the spillway channel of the project. With this the project has clinched two Guinness
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World Records® achievements — one for the ‘most concrete continuously poured in
24 hours’ and second for the ‘largest continuous concrete pour’.
The Polavaram Project would irrigate a total of 42 lakh acre ayacut in two phases and
influence the supply of water to all 13 districts of Andhra Pradesh.
Designed to withstand massive floods that could occur once in a 1000 years, the
Polavaram Spillway is set to have the highest discharge capacity in the world. At 50
lakh cusecs, it is set to surpass even the 3 Gorges Dam of China, one of the largest
dams in the world, which has a discharge capacity of 47 lakh cusecs. Polavaram dam
has a total capacity of 194 tmc of water and the design allows for 99.23% utilization
of water with a dead storage capacity of a mere 1.5 tmc. This landmark project would
ensure sufficient supply of water for the entire state of Andhra Pradesh.
KALESHWARAM PROJECT
After the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh, the Govt. of Telangana decided
to redesign the existing Pranahita Chevalla Lift Irrigation Scheme. Renamed the
‘Kaleshwaram Project’, it is being developed with an aim to supply water to the
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drought prone upland regions of Telangana State, irrigating about 18.25 lakh acres of
new ayacut and further stabilizing 18.82 lakh acres, a total of 37.07 lakh acres.
The redesigned project now includes three barrages. To supply water to upland areas
of Telangana, within the previously intended timelines, the barrage was to be
completed in record time of just one year, instead of five years’, the time that is
normally required for a project of this magnitude.
The construction of this barrage involves the pouring of 10 lakh cubic meters of
concrete, 52,000 tonnes of steel, 3,80,000 tonnes of cement and a total of 5300 secant
piles of length 40,000 rm. Once completed, the barrage will have a total of 74 gates,
weighing 15593 mt. The barrage spanning a total length of 1.45 km, would require 30
lakh cubic meters of earth to be excavated and would require 40 lakh cubic meters of
earth to form guide bunds and flood banks. The barrage will have a total water storage
capacity of 8.83 tmc and a total discharge capacity of 57000 cumecs.
R&D INOne of NEC’s defining qualities is its ability to adapt new, innovative
technologies to respond to the challenges in a fast-changing world.
One of the finest examples of this characteristic is the Narmada-Malwa Gambhir Link
Project. NEC has undertaken the project to supply irrigation water to 50,000 hectares
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of land, through a pressurised piped distribution network using wireless SCADA, an
automated system designed for controlling, metering and monitoring from a centrally
automated control room.
The highlight of this major project is the supply of water using an Outlet Management
System and through pressurised pipelines to micro levels of areas as little as 40 ha
level, making it convenient for the farmer to connect to drip or sprinkler irrigation
without the use of any other electrical source. Some of the main components of this
project include, 4 pump houses each housing 9 pumps of 3 mw capacity each, a 68 km
long gravity/ pressurised pipeline of 3 m dia, a 147 km long distribution mainline of
500 mm to 2.5 m dia and a 700 km long HDPE distribution pipeline.
DHOLA-SADIA BRIDGE
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An engineering marvel, Dhola-Sadia Bridge is India’s longest river bridge constructed
over the Brahmaputra river, spanning a total of 9.15 km.
This historic bridge, linking Dhola to Sadia in Tinsukia District of Assam, is crucial
from a strategic perspective as it is close to the border state of Arunachal Pradesh.
Envisioned to seamlessly connect the north-east and the rest of India, the construction
is an infrastructural masterpiece.
Apart from providing an all-weather access to civilian transportation, the bridge will
enhance Indian Army’s mobilisation capabilities and movement of troops and heavy
equipment including heavy artillery and battle tanks weighing up to 100 tonnes.
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NEC took up the task of building the highly complex Dibang-Lohit River
Management System. Spread across a total length of 17.4 kms, the project includes
building a river management system to manage 11 tributaries and their diverse paths.
What makes this project challenging is the river flow management, which had to be
done in sync with the construction, boat traffic and the diverse flow paths of the
rivers. This apart, intense floods in Arunachal used to disrupt the work for several
months every year. Despite the challenges, NEC has ensured smooth completion of
the project.
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Quazigund to Banihal Highway project is one of the most critical projects for
India as it ensures all-weather connectivity to north Kashmir through Pir Panjal Pass,
a road prone to closure due to severe weather conditions. The tunnel will also shorten
the distance between Srinagar and Jammu considerably.
NEC was entrusted with the challenge of building one of India’s longest road tunnel
that includes a 2-lane twin tunnel of 8.45 km each and 10 m in dia. This unique twin
tunnel construction is strategic in a way that when an emergency arises, the military
services can commandeer one tunnel, while civilians can use the other.
With an average low temperature of 100 celsius, the site is covered with snow for
most of the year. Surpassing all the challenges thrown by the nature, NEC is
progressing at a record pace by reaching an excavation advance rate of 10 m per day -
one of the highest excavation rates in the unforgiving Himalayan conditions.
42
GANGA PATH
A true landmark in the city of Patna and the pride of Bihar, the Gangapath Project is a
high-speed corridor extending along the banks of River Ganga. This prestigious
project – from Digha to Didarganj – is spread over 21.5 kms of which, the road is 10.5
kms and the elevated structure is 11 km. This corridor has been designed to provide
connectivity between western and eastern Patna, while reducing the travel time from
60 minutes to just 15 minutes.This 4-lane elevated structure consists of 222 spans of
50 meters each and 221 circular piers of approx. 17 meters height. It passes right
under the Mahatma Setu Bridge leaving enough vehicular clearance between the two
bridges.
GANGA BRIDGE
The Project is designed to provide all weather high speed connectivity between the
towns of Bhaktiyarpur and Tajpur, connecting North and South Bihar. Of the total
50.943 km project length, the road length is 45.393 km and main bridge across the
river Ganga is 5.55 kms long.
The four lane bridge will have 45 spans each of length 125 m, one of the longest
spans for a bridge in India. The segmental erection is done using the balanced
cantilever erection method with a 200 mt capacity launching gantry of length 278 m.
43
KRISHNAPATNAM PORT
44
Krishnapatnam Port is located in the Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh, on the
East Coast of India, as a prominent gateway to Southeast Asian countries. With the
largest waterfront of 12.5 km in the country, the deepest draft of 18 m and the
capability of handling capesize vessels up to 2,00,000 dwt, the all-weather port
operates 365 days a year.
Phase 1 of the construction of the Krishnapatnam Port was completed in a record time
of just 18 months. The port is scheduled to have 42 berths, out of which 10 are
commissioned, 4 berths in phase 1 and 6 berths in phase 2.\
Capacity to handle 6 million teu p.a., making it one of the largest container ports
in India
45
SECTORS
MARINE INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT OF PORTS
Since more than 90% of international cargo moves by sea, ports - being the
gateways to the hinterland - are critical for the efficient supply chain of any nation.
New-age carriers call on ports with deep draft, adequate quay length and efficient
cranes. With decades of rich experience, NEC has developed the expertise to build
such world-class facilities with vital infrastructure. Innovations such as “KOLOS,” a
patented technology comprising concrete armour blocks with the highest KD value,
reaffirm the company’s authority in the sector. In fact, the company is regarded as the
‘pioneer’ in setting up ports on a turnkey basis, with Krishnapatnam Port being the
perfect example. With other mega port projects at Astaranga and Machilipatnam,
which are envisaged to be among the country’s largest privately owned and managed
ports, NEC is now at the cusp of maritime glory, charting its course to unprecedented
success and growth.
ASTARANGA PORT
The proposed port is located at Astaranga on the coast of Orissa. The lagoon type port
is poised to connect the mineral rich hinterland to the world. The wave climate on this
coast is extreme with frequent cyclones. Also, the coast is subjected to large amount
of littoral drift. NEC’s patented breakwater technology ‘KOLOS’, will be
46
implemented effectively to take care of these conditions while building the port.
Astaranga Port is all set to spur industrial growth in the region.
IRRIGATION
NEC, through its expertise in irrigation, has stamped its authority as a leader in this
sector. The company has garnered high-performance credentials in building vital
turnkey projects in adherence to stringent schedules with complete quality assurance
by deploying advanced equipment and skilled manpower. Behind numerous high
value irrigation projects, NEC demonstrates specialized expertise in the construction
of canals, aqueducts, barrages, lift irrigation works and other irrigation structures.
MACHILIPATNAM PORT
Machilipatnam is a small town located on the east coast of India. Subsoil at the site of
the port consists of very soft marine clay for nearly 18 metres. NEC developed the
design of a structural breakwater, which is a first in the world. Layout of the
breakwaters and berths have been made to obtain absolute tranquillity in the port
waters. This port will be the gateway for most of central India as it will be the
preferred gateway for containers. The port will have the advantage of extensive back
up area for container stacking. Machilipatnam will soon be one of the most preferred
container ports on the east coast.
POWER
DEFENCE
NEC takes pride in being one of the very few companies in India qualified to
undertake sensitive defence contracts to build infrastructure essential for national
security.
47
STRATEGIC PROJECTS
NEC has been entrusted with the task of building an advanced shipyard equipped with
ship lift and transfer system. The ship lift platform is 165 m long and 22 m wide
designed for an MDL of 170 mt/m and a total lifting capacity of 28000 t consisting of
56 nos of 650 mt capacity hoists. The transfer system consists of 44 trestles with
carrying capacity of 500 t each with a total of 88 bogies of 250 t capacity each.
The project also includes design, fabrication and erection of a covered structural steel
shed 254 m long, 127 m wide and 53 m in height, the supply and commissioning of 2
nos of 200 t capacity single failure-proof EOT cranes for the handling of operations in
the project, the construction of 2400 nos M40 grade cast in-situ bored piles with
structural steel liners of dia. 1000 mm and 1200 mm in marine conditions, the
construction of repair bays on either side of the ship lift platform to carry out the
repairs and construction of vessels and the design and construction of 253 m long and
83 m wide shore protection jetty for berthing operations.
The outer harbour, Project Varsha is a major strategic project undertaken by NEC on
the east coast of India. Some of the major components of the project include dredging
of 12.7 million cubic meters of the sea bed up to a depth of 21 m, reclamation of 6.83
million cubic meters including ground improvement and sand stacking for bench
nourishment.
The execution of the 2.9 km long breakwaters with a total height of 36 m involves the
laying of 1,93,000 sqm of proprietary non-woven geotextile to improve the ground
conditions beneath the breakwaters, 49.45 lakh cubic meters of rock ranging from 10
48
kg to 10 t situated at the core, roundheads, toes and the sides of the breakwaters and
more than 85,000 cubic meters of M35 grade high density unreinforced crown wall
7m high on the breakwaters, around 22500 nos of concrete armour blocks ranging
from 12.5 mt to 45 mt on the sides of the breakwaters.
The construction of the 2.29 km long jetties and berths include a total of 1901 cast in-
situ bored concrete piles with structural steel liners of diameter varying from 1000
mm to 1500 mm, more than 90,000 cubic meters of rock under the jetties for scour
protection, more than 2.1 lakh cubic meters of M50 grade concrete is involved in the
construction of these jetties and berths.
ROADWAYS
One of the first companies to visualise the importance of taking up BOT projects,
NEC has scaled new heights with every kilometre of road it has laid. NEC’s expertise
coupled with advanced infrastructure has enabled the company to break new grounds
in the sector. The company has executed some of the most prestigious and complex
road projects, including highways and bridges, across the country in the recent past
Highways and bridges lane length of over 2400 kms completed, 500 kms under
progress
SPECIAL FOUNDATIONS
As a leader in special foundations, NEC continues to raise the bar. Several records
including executing of the largest quantum of piling in a single day, and
recommendations from reputed institutions such as NTPC etc., bear ample testimony
to the company’s expertise.Installation of RCC bored cast-in-situ piles – 425,000 rm
at NTPC, Barh – Largest single piling contract to any company in India .For the first
time in India – 2.5 m dia pile for bridge across River Ganga, Bihar
49
THE GLOBAL FOOTPRINT
Engineers at NEC are constantly driven by new challenges and opportunities. The
overseas market – especially the Middle East – is an inspiring destination. Buzzing
with the most competitive and cuttingedge construction, it offers fertile ground for
inspiration and growth.
NEC began its overseas foray with Qatar, and in just two years, established a
significant presence in Abu Dhabi as well. Rapidly building a track record for
excellence, NEC is scaling up its activities in the Middle East to showcase the might of
India to the world.
Banking on its core strengths – a huge inventory of the most advanced equipment and
the ability to design & deliver the toughest foundations in the roughest terrains and
harshest climatic conditions – NEC is currently executing the largest underground
reservoir in Qatar. To support a project of this scale and importance, NEC has
designed a pile that can facilitate horizontal load movement, which was not possible
earlier. Yet another industry first, yet another remarkable achievement for NEC!
Plant and machinery are essential for effective operation of any civil works site.
Equipping the site with latest tools and equipment plays an essential role in achieving
timely and good quality results. NEC has acquired a vast line-up of latest equipment
and inventory to execute the most challenging projects.
Fleet of Boom Placer including the world’s longest boom placer with a boom length
of 65 m.
Fleet of Telebelts including 200 Telebelt, with a boom length of 62 m and a concrete
placing capacity of upto 180 cum/hr.
NEW-GEN DREDGERS
Navayuga 1 is a Trailer Suction Hopper Dredger with a hopper capacity of 7500 m3.
This is one of biggest hopper dredgers owned by an Indian company. It is deployed to
carry out dredging works in the Krishnapatnam port channel.
Navayuga 2 is a Trailer Suction Hopper Dredger with a hopper capacity of 4500 m3.
Being small, it has better manoeuvrability and is deployed in works of the inner
channel and berths at Krishnapatnam Port.
51
Navayuga 3 is a Cutter Suction Dredger CSD 500, built by DAMEN, which is
dismountable and a well-proven standard model well. Max dredging depth - 16 mtrs.
Navayuga 4 is a Cutter Suction Dredger IHC Beaver 1600, built by IHC of Holland,
well-known for its robust construction and excellent performance. Max dredging
depth - 16 mtrs.
Navayuga 5 is a Cutter Suction Dredger, built in the Ninbo Baliun Hangda Shipyard.
It has a maximum dredging depth of 25 mtrs, extendable up to 30 mtrs.
R & D INTIATIVES
NEC has developed a new Armour Block named “Kolos”. According to tests, its
stability coefficient is the highest in the world, i.e. 32. The blocks have excellent
interlocking characteristic. It has the distinction of being the first Armour Block to
be awarded a patent in India. It facilitates NEC’s powerful thrust into the field of
harbour engineering.
NEC has developed a Kelly Bar with Grab to maintain alignment during the
construction of diaphragm walls.
NEC has developed in-house Reverse Mud Circulation (RMC) rig with 10 t
capacity free-fall double drum winch, to chisel through hard rock strata to execute
diaphragm wall trenches.
52
NEC has developed, in house, a post tensioned concrete diaphragm wall
for berthing structure - the first of its kind in the world. With the
arrangement of post tensioning, substantial reduction in concrete and steel
quantity is achieved. Besides, the pre-compression results in corrosion protection
in a marine environment, due to absence of cracks in the structure.
53
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
54
DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION
TABLE- 4.1
GOOD 64 64
FAIR 27 27
TO BE IMPROVED 9 9
CHART-4.1
PERCENTAGE
64
70
60
50
40 27
30
20 9
10
0
GOOD FAIR TO BE IMPROVED
INTERPRETATION:
From the above table & graph it is observed that 64% of workers are of the
opinion that the overall industrial relations is good in the establishment, while 27% of
them feel that it’s fair whereas 9% of them suggest that it should be improved. On the
whole majority of the employees at the establishment are satisfied with the industrial
relations.
55
2. Do you have free access to the top management?
TABLE-4.2
YES 73 73
NO 23 23
CHART-4.2
PERCENTAGE
73
80
70
60
50
40 23
30
20
10
0
YES NO
INTERPRETATION:
From the above table & graph it is identified that 77% of the employees
say yes that they have free access to the management, whereas 23% of them say no
towards free access to the management. On the whole majority of them are happy
with their free access to the management
56
3. Does the top management listen to you with patience?
TABLE-4.3
ALWAYS 75 75
SOME TIMES 17 17
NEVER 8 8
CHART-4.3
PERCENTAGE
80 75
70
60
50
40
30 17
20 8
10
0
ALWAYS SOME TIMES NEVER
INTERPRETATION:
From the above table & graph it is observed that 75% of the employees
agreed that the top management listens to them patiently always, 17% of the
employees opined sometimes and 8% of the respondents say never.
57
4. Does the management have faith in the employees as one of the main
resources?
TABLE-4.4
YES 70 70
NO 20 20
CAN’T SAY 10 10
CHART- 4.4
PERCENTAGE
70
70
60
50
40
30 20
20 10
10
0
YES NO CAN’T SAY
INTERPRETATION:
From the above table & graph it has been identified that 70% of the
employees say yes that management has faith in the staff as they are one of the main
resources to the company, 20% of the employees say no and 10% of the staff
disagreed.
58
5. Whether employees have confidence in the management to run the industry
efficiently?
TABLE-4.5
YES 60 60
NO 35 35
CAN’T SAY 5 5
CHART-4.5
PERCENTAGE
60
60
50
35
40
30
20
5
10
0
YES NO CAN’T SAY
INTERPRETATION:
From the above table & graph it is observed that 60% of the
employees agreed that they have confidence in top management that they are capable
to run the company efficiently, 35% of the employees said no and 5% of the workers
opined that can’t say anything.
59
6. Does the Management always expect more from the employee?
TABLE-4.6
ALWAYS 72 72
SOMETIMES 8 8
NEVER 20 20
CHART-4.6
PERCENTAGE
72
80
70
60
50
40
30 20
20 8
10
0
ALWAYS SOMETIMES NEVER
INTERPRETATION:
From the above table & graph it has been identified that 72% of the
employees agreed that management expects more from them, 8% of the respondents
feel that sometimes and 20% of the employees opined never.
60
7. Do the employees expect more benefits from the management?
TABLE-4.7
ALWAYS 70 70
SOMETIMES 20 20
NEVER 10 10
CHART-4.7
PERCENTAGE
70
70
60
50
40
30 20
20 10
10
0
ALWAYS SOMETIMES NEVER
INTERPRETATION:
From the above table & graph it has been identified that 70% of the
employees agreed that management expects more from them, 20% of the employees
felt that sometimes and 10% of the employees opined never.
61
8. Is management is satisfied with the employees’ performance?
TABLE-4.8
HIGHLY SATISFIED 65 65
SATISFIED 27 27
DISSATISFIED 8 8
CHART-4.8
PERCENTAGE
65
70
60
50
40
27
30
20 8
10
0
HIGHLY SATISFIED SATISFIED DISSATISFIED
INTERPRETATION:
From the above table & graph it is observed that 65% of the employees
are highly satisfied with their performance, 27% of the employees felt that satisfied
and 8 % opined that are dissatisfied with their performance.
62
9. Are the Employees’ are satisfied with management’s offers?
TABLE4.9
HIGHLY SATISFIED 57 57
SATISFIED 26 26
DISSATISFIED 17 17
CHAT-4.9
PERCENTAGE
57
60
50
40
26
30
17
20
10
0
HIGHLY SATISFIED SATISFIED DISSATISFIED
INTERPRETATION:
From the above table & graph it is observed that 57% of the employees
are highly satisfied with the management offers, 26% of the employees are satisfied
and 17% of the employees are dissatisfied.
63
10. Are there any serious conflicts between management and employees regarding
wages/salaries?
TABLE-4.10
YES 60 60
NO 30 30
CAN’T SAY 10 10
CHART-4.10
PERCENTAGE
60
60
50
40 30
30
20 10
10
0
YES NO CAN’T SAY
INTERPRETATION:
From the above table & graph it is identified say yes that 60% of the
employees agreed that management is satisfied with their performance,30% of the
employees said no and 10% of the employees said that can’t say.
64
11. How do you feel about Canteen, recreation, transport, accommodation
facilities?
TABLE-4.11
GOOD 80 80
AVERAGE 10 10
BAD 10 10
CHART-4.11
PERCENTAGE
80
80
70
60
50
40
30
20 10 10
10
0
GOOD AVERAGE BAD
INTERPRETATION:
From the above table & graph it has been identified the 80% of the employees
opined good regarding canteen, recreation, transport, accommodation facilities
provided by the organization, 10% of the employees felt that average & 10 % of the
employees felt that bad.
65
12. Are the employees following Indiscipline among themselves?
TABLE-4.12
ALWAYS 9 9
SOMETIMES 29 29
NEVER 62 62
CHART-4.12
PERCENTAGE
70 62
60
50
40 29
30
20 9
10
0
ALWAYS SOMETIMES NEVER
INTERPRETATION:
From the above table & graph it has been identified that 9 % of the
employees are opined that employees are always following indiscipline among
themselves,29 % of the employees opined that sometimes and 62 % of the employees
said that never.
66
13. Do you like your children working in this industry if they are employed?
TABLE-4.14
YES 40 40
NO 10 10
CAN’T SAY 50 50
CHART-4.14
PERCENTAGE
50
50
40
40
30
20
10
10
0
YES NO CAN’T SAY
INTERPRETATION:
From the above table & graph it has been identified that 40% of the employees
opinion that they like their children getting employed in their organization, 10% of the
employees said no and 50 % of the employees opined that can’t say.
67
FINDINGS REGARDING WORKMEN LEVEL
68
FINDINGS REGARDING STAFF LEVEL
69
SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
70
9. The staff-union relationship is sending alarming signals, which should be
considered at earliest to face the resultant effects.
10. The staff members are not close up-to-the mark, especially in I.T department,
which lack of perfect co-operation between them.
71
CONCLUSION
It has been increasingly realized that the industrial system has brought
about a number of complexities which have rendered the management of people in an
organization more difficult and complicated than man power management in earlier
and simpler societies because free, mobile men and women in modern societies whose
complex and ever changing problems for their managers and employers. Therefore,
today’s industrial societies have developed a distinct system of management based
upon the experience of over 300 years.
The employment relationships are not static but dynamic. The most
important characteristic is the persistence of change. Technological advances
eliminate long established jobs and create opportunities that require sharply different
patterns of experience and education. Higher living standards encourage demands for
new products and services. Economic prosperity permits great economic security, and
public regulation makes the assurance of that security a problem for managers. All of
these changes have made the present system of employment relationships very
complex. Collaboration and cooperation is very necessary to achieve the designated
objectives. Understanding of human behavior is, therefore, very necessary on the part
of those responsible for managing manpower resources.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
TEXT BOOKS:
WEBSITES:
www.necltd.com
www.scribd.com
www.citehr.com
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