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Measures of Central Tendency

Mean
Median
Mode

Normal Distribution
-image
-mean median mode

Example data set

Mean = Average
Calculation
1. ADD all values
2. DIVIDE by the number of values

Examples
* Videos
9+9+9+18+25+30+36+44+60+524
Mean = 764/10 = 76.4
* Reading
9+9+9+18+29+36+44+60+524
Mean = 738/9 = 82

Benefits
*Best measure for symmetrical distributions
*Influenced by all data
*Most reliable
*Good for INTERVAL and RATIO data

Limitations
*Best when there are no outliers or extremes

Median = Middle
Calculation
1. Arrange values in ORDER
2. If the number of values is ODD: Median = Middle value
3. If the number of values is EVEN: Median = Mean of middle values

Examples
* Even (Videos)
9+9+9+18+(25+30)+36+44+60+524
Median = (25+30)/2 = 27.5
* Odd (Reading)
9+9+9+18+(29)+36+44+60+524
Median = 29

Benefits
*Good for asymmetrical data
*Works for ORDINAL, INTERVAL, and RATIO data

Limitations
*Does not account for extreme scores
*Not algebraically defined
*Not appropriate for NOMINAL data

Mode = Most Frequent


Calculation
1. Arrange the numbers in order in a table or graph
2. Count the frequency of each number to see which number appears most

Examples
* Videos
9+9+9+18+25+30+36+44+60+524
Mode = 9
* Reading
9+9+9+18+29+36+44+60+524
Mode = 9

Benefits
*The only appropriate measure that works for NOMINAL data
*Can also be used for ORDINAL, INTERVAL and RATIO data

Limitations
*Cannot be used if all the scores are different
*There may be several modes
*Cannot be used for further calculations
*Unstable

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