1.

English I

READING
 Skimming and scanning skills
 Deriving meaning of words(contextual clues)
 Distinguishing main ideas and supporting details
 Reading comprehension

SPEAKING
 Developing self-confidence
 Delivering message
 Speaking to inform
o Preparing the informative speech

LISTENING
 Listening for main ideas
 Listening for specific information

WRITING
 Sentence Construction
 Subject & predicate
 Phrase
 Clause
 Simple sentence

2. Human Resource Management

Content

Personnel/Human Resource Management

 Philosophy and Plan
 What is Personnel Management
 What is Personnel/HR Management Importance to All Managers?
 Line and Staff Aspects of Personnel/HRM
 Line Versus Staff Authority
 Line Managers Human Resources Management
 Responsibilities
 Personnel/HR Department Staff’s Personnel Management
 Responsibilities
Job Analysis
 The Nature of Job Analysis
 Job Analysis Defined, Uses of Job Analysis Information, Steps in Job Analysis
 Methods of Collecting Job Analysis Information
 The interview, questionnaires, observation, participant diary/logs
 Quantitative Job Analysis Techniques

Writing Job Descriptions

 Job Identification
 Job Summary
 Relationship
 Responsibilities and Duties
 Authority
 Standards of Performance
 Working Conditions and Physical Environment
 Job Description Guidelines
Writing Job Specifications

Personnel Planning and Recruiting

 Personnel Planning and Forecasting
 Forecasting personnel Requirements
 Factors in Forecasting Personnel Requirements
 Forecasting the Supply of Inside Candidates
 Internal Sources of Candidates
 Building Employee Commitment
 Forecasting the supply of outside candidates

Recruiting Job Candidates

 Advertising as a Sources of Candidates
 Employment Agencies as a Sources of Candidates
 Executive Recruiters as a Sources of Candidates
 College Recruiting as a Sources of Candidates
 Referrals and Walk Ins as a Sources of Candidates
 Older Workers as a Sources of Candidates
 Developing and Using Application Forms
 Purpose of Application Forms
 Using Application Forms to Predict Job Performance
 Employee Testing and Selection
 The Selection Process
 Why the selection process is important
 Basic Testing Concepts
 Validity
 Reliability
 How to Validate
 Testing Guidelines
 Ethical and Legal Question in Testing
Types of Tests
 Tests of Cognitive Abilities
 Measuring Personnel and Interests
 Test of Motor and Physical Abilities
 Achievement Tests
 Work Samples and Simulations
 Works Sampling for Employee Selection
 Management Assessment Centers
 Other Selection Techniques
 Background Investigations and Reference
 Complying with the Immigration Law
Interviewing Candidates and Building A Total Selection Program
 Types of Interviews
 Common Interviewing Mistakes
 Snap Judgments
 Negative Emphasis
 Not Knowing the Job
 Pressure to Hire
 Candidates Order Error
 Nonverbal Behavior
The Effective Interview
 Steps in the Interview
 Summary of Interviewing Guidelines
 The Structured Interview
 Develop behavioral Specifications
 Specific Factors to probe in the interview
 Using on Interview Plan
 Match candidates on the job
 Building Employee Commitment:
(A total selection program)
(Guidelines for interviewees)
Orientation and Training
 The basic training process
 Assessing Training Needs
 Tasks Analysis: Assessing the training needs of new employees
 Performance Analysis: Determining the training needs of current employees
 Setting Training Objectives
 Training and Training Techniques
 On the Job Training
 Job Instruction Training
 Evaluating the Training Effort
 Controlled Experimentation
 What Training Effects to Measure
Appraising Performance
 Why should you appraise performance?
 Steps in Appraising Performance
 Performance appraisal problems
 Clarify what performance you expect
 The Appraisal Interview
Establishing Pay Plans
 Basic Aspects of Compensation
 Bases for Determining Pay
 Basic Considerations in Determining Pay rates
 Establishing Pay Rates

Employee Safety and Health

 Basic Facts about the Occupational Safety Law
 Top Management Commitment
 The Three Basic Causes of Accidents
 How to Prevent Accident
 Basic Approaches to Preventing Accidents

Employee Health: Problem and Remedies

 Alcoholism and Substance Abuse
 The Problem of Job Stress and Burnout
 AIDS and the Workplace
 Workplace Smoking
 3. Introduction to Accounting

Content

Introduction to Accounting
 Concept and classification of accounting
 Users of accounting information
 Requirements of accounting

The Accounting Cycle

 Source documents
 Journals
 T-Accounts

The Accounting Cycle

 Drawing up a T-Account
 Balancing a T- Account
 Debtors and creditors
 Control account

Accounting Reports
 The trial balance
 The income statement

Accounting Reports
 Balance Sheet
 Cash flow statement
 Other accounting report

Accounting instruments
 Business transaction
 Companies wealth
 The Accounting Equation

Accounting instruments
 Accounting tools
 The annual accounts

Calculating accounting earnings

 The concept of earnings.
 Business transactions, fund flows and cash flows.
 Revenues, expenses, gains and losses.

Calculating accounting earnings

 Accounting for revenues and expenses.
 Components of the Income Statement
Inventories
 Merchandising Business
 Types of Inventories
 Inventory Costing Methods
o Specific Unit Cost
o Weighted-average Cost

Inventories
 Inventory Costing Methods
o First-in, First-out (FIFO)
o Last-in, First-out (LIFO)

Inventories
 Accounting for Inventories
 Permanent and Periodic Inventory System

Accounting for Basic Transactions

 Long-Term Liabilities
 Expenses for Personnel

Accounting for Basic Transactions

 Noncurrent Assets
o Depreciation
o Impairment

4. Fundamental Computer Principles & Programming

Content

Introduction to Computer
 History & Computer Generation
 Types of Computer

Computer Peripheral
 Input and Output Devices
 Storage Devices
 Removal Devices
 Backup System
Central Processing Unit
 What is CPU
 The Arithmetic / Logic Unit
 Improving Disk Drive Performance

Operating System
 What is an OS?
 OS Goals
 Computer System Components
 Types of OS
 OS services
 Functions of an OS
Microsoft Word
 Introduction to Microsoft Word
 How to used Microsoft Word
 Assignment

Microsoft Power Point

 Introduction to Microsoft Power Point
 How to used Microsoft Power Point

Networking
 What is Networking
 Advantage and disadvantages of networking
 Types of Networks
 LAN, WAN and MAN
 Components of a Network
Internet
 What is The Internet
 Internet Features

E-Commerce
 Definitions and Concepts
 Infrastructure
 Support Area
 Types of Transactions
 Benefit / Limitation of E-Commerce
 Online Advertising Methods
System Development Life Cycle
 Traditional Waterfall/Cascade Approach
 Early Stages
 Feasibility Study
 System Analysis
 Design Phase
 Testing
 Implementation
 Maintenance and Review
 Assignment

Programming Concepts
 High-Level Language Characteristics
 High-Level Language Programming
 Programming Features
 Translation Software
Database
 Database Systems
 Database Management System
 Database Administrator
 Data Dictionary
 Database Languages
 Data Modelling
 Relational Database
 Normalization
Computer Virus
 What are Computer Viruses
 Type of Viruses
 Symptoms
 Steps to Safeguard
 Anti-Virus

Computer Security and Risks

 Computer Crime
 Software Sabotages
 Hacking and Electronics Trespassing
 Reducing Risks
 Firewall, Encryption and Audits
 Backup and Other Precautions
 Human Security Controls: Law, Management
 And Ethics
 5. Business Mathematics

Content

Arithmetic and Geometric sequences

 Introduction to arithmetic sequences

 Nth term and sum of first n terms of an arithmetic sequence
 Geometric sequences
 Nth term and sum of first n term of a geometric sequence
Simple Interest

 Introduction
 Simple interest formula
 Simple amount formula
 Time concept
 Present value and the equation of present value

Compound Interest

 Introduction
 Interest
 Terminology’s
 Effective, nominal and equivalent rates
 Relationship between effective and nominal rates
 Relationship between two nominal rates
 Present value and equation of value
 Continuous compounding
Annuity

 Introduction
 Future value of ordinary annuity certain
 Present value of ordinary annuity certain
 Solving for R, I and n
 Amortization schedule
 Sinking fund
Trade and cash discount

 Introduction
 To find net price
 Chain discount
 Cash discount
 Single discount equivalent
  Borrowing to obtain cash discount
 Partial payment of invoice
 Combination of trade discount and cash discount
Promissory Notes

 Introduction
 Bank discount
 Simple interest rate which is equivalent to bank discount rate
 To discount promissory note

Depreciation

 Introduction
 Straight line method
 Balance declining method
 Sum of years digits method

6. English II

Content

Job Application Methods and Procedures

 Understanding Advertisements
 Particular Words and Expressions
 Positive or Action Words
 Common Abbreviations

Writing a Job Application Letter

 Format
 Writing a convincing letter
 Spelling and Sentence Structure Reminder

Writing a Resume
 Format
 Layout and Organization
 Writing an Effective Resume
 Do’s and Don’ts
Interviews
 Physical Appearance
 Organizing Filing Certificates
 Common Interview Questions and Answers
 Do’s and Don’ts
 Graded Exercises

Writing Memorandums
 Format and Layout
 Structure and Style

Minutes and Meetings

 Types of Meetings
 Notice and Agenda
 Minutes

7. Financial Accounting 1

Content

The Nature and Purpose of Accounting

 Accounting as an Information System
 The Various services provided by the accountant within the local environment

Accounting Concepts and Balance Sheet

 The Accruals Concept
 The Business Entity Concept
 The Prudence Concept
 The Consistency Concept
 The principles of Double Entry
Book of Origin Entry
 Understand the purpose of Day Books and their relationship with the ledger
 Recording of Value Added Tax in the Day Books, General Journal

The Ledger
 The Ledger as a principle book of accounting
 “T” Form Account
 Balancing the Accounts
 Trial Balance

The Cash Book and the Petty Cash Book

 Two columns and three column cash book
 Cash Discounts
 Bank Statements and their reconciliation with the Cash Book
 Bank Statement Format
 The difference between a bank deposit account and a current account

A Depreciation
 Methods of Depreciation and their use (straight line, reducing balance and revaluation
 The Provision for depreciation account
 The asset disposal account

Bad Debts and Allowance for Doubtful Debts

 Writing off bad debts
 Treatment of bad debts recovered

Control Accounts for Debtors and Creditors

 The Purpose they serve
 The source documents used in compiling them their preparation
Partnership
 Understanding of debit and credit balances
 Treatment of interest on capitals, partner’s salaries, interest on drawing, residual profits and losses

Departmental Accounts
 Direst allocation and appointment of expenses in accordance with given data
 Preparation of the final accounts and balance sheet

Manufacturing Accounts
 The elements of cost
 The accounting treatment of closing stock
 The Preparation of the Final accounts including the Balance Sheet

Limited Liability Companies

 Elementary understanding of how the capital of a company is constituted; ordinary shares, preference Share,
debentures and other loans
 Authorized and Issue capital
 Nominal and Market value of shares

Accounting Ratio
 Rate of stock turnover
 Gross profit to sales percentage

 Return on capital employment

8. Fundamental of Finance

Content
Introduction to Finance
 Key decisions in finance
 The financial pages of newspapers
 The role of capital markets
 Financial mathematics
 Valuations of financial securities

Finance
 The role of financial institutions and financial intermediaries
 Banking
 Money markets
 Financial services
 Role of Finance in Business
 Business Ethics
Financial Sector
 Financial institutions
 Depository and non-depository
financial institutions
 Financial markets and
instruments

Financial Markets and Interest Rates

 Types of Financial Markets and Institutions
 Financing of Business and Movement of Funds
 Efficient Market Hypothesis

Financial Statements, Cash Flow, and Taxes

 Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Statement of Retained Earnings, Net Cash Flow, Statement of Cash
Flows
 Operating Assets and Operating Capital
 Market Value Added (MVA) and Economic Value Added (EVA)

Financial Planning and Forecasting

 The Sales Forecast
 The Additional Funds Needed (AFN) Equation
 Introduction to the public finance
 Public revenues
 Public expenditures

Corporate Finance
 Management objectives
 Required rates of return
 Capital structure
 Short term working capital management
 Investment appraisal techniques
 Dividend policy
 Sources of finance and financial planning
International Finance and Investment
 Bonds and bond markets
 Valuation of bonds
 Term structure and forward interest rates
 Exchange rates and currency markets
 Forward exchange rates and international parity theories
 International portfolio investment

9. Cost Accounting

Content

Part one: Cost Accounting Fundamentals

 The Accountant’s Role in the Organization
 An Introduction to Cost Terms and Purposes
 Activity Based Costing and Activity Based Management
Part Two: Tools for Planning and Control
 Master Budget and Responsibility Accounting
 Job Costing
 Flexible Budget Variance and Management Control: I
 Flexible Budget Variance and Management Control: II

Continue Part 2
 Inventory Costing and Capacity analysis
 Determining How Cost Behave
 Part III: Cost Information For Decision
 Decision Making and Relevant Information
 Pricing Decision and Capacity Analysis

Part IV: Cost Allocation and Revenue

 Strategy, Balanced Scorecard and Strategic Profitability Analysis
 Cost Allocation, Customer-Profitability Analysis and Sales-Variance Analysis

Cost Allocation and Revenue

 Allocation of Support Department Costs, Common Costs and Revenues
 Cost Allocation: Joint Products and By Product Process Costing

Part V: Quality and JIT

 Spoilage, Rework and Scarp
 Quality, Time and the Theory Constraints
 Inventory Management, Just in Time and Backflush Costing
Part VI: Investment Decisions and Management Control Systems
 Capital Budgeting and Cost Analysis
Accounting Software
 MIOVE
Introduction to cost and Management Accounting
 Management Control System: Transfer Pricing and Multinational Considerations
 Performance Measurement, Compensation and Multinational Considerations

10. Creative Problem Solving

TOPIC

Topic 1 :The importance and barriers to creativity

 The importance of creativity
 Developing creativity
 Identifying relationship
 Development of a Functional Perspective
 The use of minds or brain functions
 Barriers to creativity
 Expecting perfection
 Not opening space for trying
 Assuming mistakes as an offense
 Depending on logical thinking
Topic 2: The concept of creativity and problems
 The concept of creativity
 The nature of the (natural) creative process
 The process of creative thinking
 Four stages in the creative process
 Background information collection
 The process of incubation (incubation)
 Ideas Experience
 Evaluation and implementation
Topic 3 :Intelligence, personality and creativity
 The definition of emotional intelligence
 The components of emotional intelligence
 Self-Awareness
 Self-Regulation
 Empathy
 Skills international
Topic 4: Culture, Environment and creativity
 Definition of culture
 Factors influencing creativity
 family upbringing factors
 peer factors
 teacher and school factors
 factor technology resources
Topic 5 :Creativity techniques: Lateral and analogical
Topic 6 :Creativity techniques: Brainstorming and Synatic
Topic 7 :Creative Problem Solving Process: troubleshooting
Topic 8 :Creative Problem Solving Process: Defining the problems
Topic 9 :Creative Problem Solving Process: Searching ideas
Topic 10 :Creative Problem Solving Process: Implementing actions

11. Business Statistics

Content

Data and statists

 Introduction
 Variables, types, expressions
 Statistics and scientific method
Elementary statistics: Data Collection and
Sampling
 The Nature of Statistics
 Organizing Data
 Descriptive Measures
 Descriptive Methods in Regression and Correlation
 Probability and Random Variables
 The Normal Distribution
Descriptive statistics: Tabular Graphical
Methods
 Frequency Distribution
 Relative Frequency Distribution
 Percent Frequency Distribution
 Bar Graph
 Pie Chart
Descriptive statistics: Numerical Methods
 Approximation of numbers and functions
 Interpolation
 Numerical differentiation and its applications
 Numerical Integration
Introduction to Probability
 Basics of Probability
 Events
 Some Probability Rules
 Contingency Tables (Joint and Marginal Probabilities)
 Conditional Probability
 Independence and the Multiplication Rule
 Bayes’s Rule
 Counting Rules
Discrete Probability Distributions
 Bernoulli, binomial, Poisson, uniform, hypergeometric, geometric
 Approximation to hypergeometric probabilities
 Poisson approximations to binomial
probabilities
Continuous Probability Distributions
 Uniform, Exponential, Normal, Gamma, Beta, Cauchy
 Weibul- Properties with proofs.

Sampling Distribution
 Sampling error and sampling distributions
 The mean and standard deviation of the sample mean
 The sampling distribution of the sample mean (Central Limit Theorem)

Interval Estimation
 Confidence interval
 Confidence coefficient
 Difference between means, variance and ratio of variances under normality
 Large sample confidence interval for proportions and correlation coefficients
 Hypothesis Testing
 Foundations of Hypothesis Testing
 Hypothesis Testing in Data Analysis
 Construction of Confidence Regions and Advanced Concept

Means
 Comparison
 Calculation
 Finding the mean
 Mean centering of variables in a Regression model
Chi –square
 Uses of chi square test
 Conditions for chi square test
 Chi square distribution

Regression Analysis
 Simple Linear Regression: one dependent variable and one independent variable
 Multiple Regression: one dependent variable and two or more independent variables

Multiple Regression
 Create a Multiple Regression Analysis
 The basic Equation
 Initializing the Data
 Analysis & application

12. English for Professional Purpose

Content

Business Communication Basics

 Importance and benefit of effective communication
 Intercultural sensitivities
 Methods, channel and barriers of communication.
 The impact of communication.
Speaking, listening and non-verbal communication
 Oral communication in the workplace
 Speaking skills
 Listening skills
 Non-verbal communication
 Use of English
 Modern business language
 Grammatical terms etc

Business letter
 Format and layout
 Categories of business letter
 Rules of good writing

Recruitment Correspondence
 Recruitment process
 Application letter
 Curriculum vitae

Telecommunication
 Electronic Emails

Internal Communication
 Memos
 Reports
 Meetings
Persuasive Communication
 Circulars and sales letter
 Publicity material
 Notice, advertisement and leaflets
Visual and oral communication
 Forms and questionnaires
 Visual presentation
 Oral presentation skills

13. Financial Accounting 2

Content

Review of Financial Statement; Quality and Sustainability of Earning

 Structure of Financial Statement
 Transition Analysis
 Concept of “Earning Quality”
Revenue and Expenses Recognition
 Effect on the Financial Statement of variation in the timing of income recognition
 Non-Current Assets and Intangible
 GAAP governing research and development costs and possible adjustment for analysis purpose

Liabilities, Leases and Off-Balance Sheet Financing

 Accounting liabilities
 Typical mechanism for off balance sheet financing
 Operating and Capital leases
 Financial risk and assets productivity with or without capitalization of Operating leases

Introduction to Pension
 Corporate report of pensions
 Economic status of pensions
 Corporate Footnote disclosure
Pensions and Other Post-Retirement Benefits; Derivatives and Hedging
 Pension and health care benefit
 Role of actuarial assumptions in accounting for pensions and health care benefits
 Economics of hedging certain financial risks

Differed Income Tax

 Differed tax assets and liabilities
 Disclosure of individual differed tax assets and liabilities
 Disclosure of the effective rate

Corporate Acquisitions
 Purchase methods of accounting for corporate acquisitions
 Interaction between legal, accounting, tax and financial factors in structuring a corporate acquisition

Inter-corporate Investments
 Link between the nature and accounting treatment of various inter-corporate investment
 Mechanism of the equity and market methods

Foreign Currency Translation

 Examine the contrasting effects on the financial statement of the equity method, partial consolidation and full
 consolidation

14. Business Ethics

Content

Business Ethics in contemporary businesses

 Importance of ethics in the contemporary business environment
 Negative effects of the violation of ethical norms and principles
 Customer satisfaction and observation of ethical principles

Employees, stockholders & corporate governance: Lesson plans

 The Impact of Business Decisions on Stakeholders
 The Organization of Modern Corporations & interaction with Stakeholders
 Stakeholders: Definition, Powers, Rights & Activism
Management in organizations
 Employee Productivity
 Employee Safety
 Employee Training
 Social Responsibility
 Corporate Culture and Values
Business, government & society
 Business and its stakeholders
 Business and government
 Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility
Public relations for business
 Introduction to Public Relation
 Strategic public relation
 business strategy for Public Relation
 Diversity in the workforce

Corporate social responsibility & citizenship

 The shrinking role of government
 Increased customer interest
 Growing investor pressure
 Competitive labour markets
The importance of ethical policies, training & reporting programs in the workplace
 Ethical Safeguard
 Ethical Policies
 Ethics training programme
Organizational citizenship behavior in the workplace: Definition and examples
 Origin of the construct
 Definition of the concept
 Similar constructs
 Altruism and general compliance
 Gender differences
The difference between workplace ethics and the law
 Introduction
 Ethics
 Law
 Mortality
Attorney professional and ethical conduct in business
 Introduction
 The Business of Law
 Ethics Services
Consumer rights & regulations
 Consumer Goods and trading company
 Sarantitis Law Firm
 Consumer Fraud Law
 United Kingdom Law
Environmental issues in business
 Environmental Regulations and Compliance
 Employee Health and Morale
 Consumer Cultural Demands
 Waste Disposal
 Overpopulation
International trade & business law
 Treaties Under Article II of the U.S. Constitution
 International Trade Regulations & Restrictions
 Sovereign Immunity: Definition, Act and Waivers
 The Economics & Politics of International Trade
 Differentiating between Comparative and Absolute Advantage
 Tariffs and Quotas: Effects on Imported Goods and Domestic Prices

15. Business Law

Content
The nature of law.
 Sources of Business Law.
 Functions of law.
 Categories of law.
 Court Structure (federal and state)
 Contract Law.
o Fundamentals of contract law.
o Nature of contracts classification of contracts.
o Quasi contracts.
o Offer and invitation to treat
 Consideration
o Executed and executors. Promissory estoppels. Premises without consideration
Contact
 Contractual capacity
 Minor and other class of persons
 Illegal contracts
 Contracts forbidden by statues
 Contracts contrary to public policy

Terms of a contract.
 Conditions and warranties.
 Statue of frauds.
 Parole evidence rule.
 Misrepresentation Performance.
 Breach and discharge
 Remedies in a contract
 Nature of torts negligence.
 Business torts.
 Liability without fault
Agency
 Contracts made by agent for principal.
 Obligation of principals
 Agent and third party
Contract of sales
 Key concepts.
 Distribution of goods
 Transfer of title and risk
 Purchaser in good faith
Performance of the sale contract general.
 Concepts seller’s obligation to deliver.
 Buyer’s obligation to accept and buy.
 Excuse for non-performance or substituted performance
 Remedies for breach of sales contract.
 Remedies of seller and buyer.
 Agreements concerning and limitation of remedies.
16. Audit I

Content

The Demand for Audit and Other Assurance service

 Assurance Service
 Nature of Auditing
 Distinction Between Audit and Accounting
 Types of Audit
 Types of Auditors
 Chartered Accountant

The CPA Profession

 Accounting Profession and The Financial and Reporting Environment
 Regulation of The Accounting Profession
 Malaysian Institute of Accountant(MIA)
 Other Professional Body
 Auditor General Department
 Financial Reporting Standards (FRS)
 Public Accounting Firm
 International Standards on Auditing

Audit Reports
 Statutory Requirements Relating to Financial Statement
 Standards and Unqualified Audit Report
 Categories of Audit Reports
 Unqualified Audit Reports with Explanatory Paragraph or Modified Wording
 Audit Report Other Than Unqualified
 Materiality
Professional Ethics
 What is Ethics
 Ethical Dilemmas
 Special Need for Ethical Conduct in Professional
 By Laws (on Professional Conduct of Ethics)
 Interpretation of the by Laws
 Professional Independence
 Competent and Due Care
 Advertising, Publicity and Solicitation
 Fees and Commission
 Change in Professional Appointment
Legal Liability
 Changed Legal Environment
 Distinction among Business Failure, Audit Failure and Audit Risk
 Legal Concept Affecting Liability
 Liability to Client
 Liability to Third Parties Under Common Law

Audit Responsibilities and Objectives

 Objective Conducting Financial Statement
 Management’s Responsibilities
 Auditor’s Responsibilities

Audit Evidence
 Nature Of Evidence
 Audit Evidence Decision
 Persuasive Evidence
 Types Of Audit Evidence
 Audit Documentation

Audit Planning and Analytical Procedures

Planning
 Accept Client and Perform Initial Audit Planning
 Understand the client’s Business and Industry
 Asses Client Business Risk
 Perform Preliminary Analytical Procedures

Material And Risk

 Materiality
 Set Preliminary Judgment about Materiality
 Types Of Risks
 Assessing Acceptable Audit Risks
 Assessing Inherent Risks
 Assessing Risk Of Fraud
 Section 404 Audit of Internal Control and Control Risk
 Client and Auditor Concerns
 Effect of Information Technology on Internal Control
 Component of Internal Control
 Procedures to Obtain an Understanding Of Internal Control
 Assess Control Risks
 Test Of Control

Fraud Auditing
 Fraud and distinguish between fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriation of assets
 Auditor’s responsibility for assessing the risk of fraud and detecting material misstatements due to fraud.
 Corporate governance and other control environment factors that reduce fraud risks
 Specific fraud risk areas and develop procedures to detect fraud
Impact of Information Technology on the Audit Process
 How Information Technologies Enhance Internal Control
 Assessing Risks of Information Technology
 Internal controls of Specific to Information Technology

Audit Plan and Audit Program

 Types of Test
 Selecting Which Types of Test to Perform
 Impact of Information Technology on Audit Testing
 Evidence Mix

Audit for Test Control and Substantive Test of Transaction

 Representatives samples
 Statistical Versus Non-Statistical Sampling and Probabilities Versus
 Non-probabilistic Sample Selection Market
 Probabilistic Sample Selection Methods

17. Taxation 1

Content
An Introduction to the Malaysian Tax System
 Objectives of taxation
 Direct and Indirect taxes
 Basis of charge/ what is taxable/ who is taxable
 Basis period/ Basis year/ Year of assessment
 Tax rates

Tax Administration – Assessment and Collection

 Organizational structure
 Power and authority of the Director General of the
 Inland Revenue Board
 Filing of tax returns and collection of taxes
 Self- assessment system
 Appeals
 Responsibility of taxpayers and employers
 Tax audits and tax investigations
BASIS OF ASSESSMENT – COMMENCEMENT, CESSATION AND CHANGE OF ACCOUNTING DATES
 Basis periods
 Commencement and cessation of operations
 Change of accounting dates

PRINCIPLES OF TAXATION
 Distinction between trade and non-trade activities
 Distinction between revenue and capital receipts and its assess ability.
 Distinction between revenue and capital expenditure and its deductibility.
 Format of arriving at chargeable income

PERSONAL TAXATION
Scope of charge and residence status
 Scope of charge
 Importance and determination of residence status
Employment Income
 Definition of employment / Derivation
 Distinction between employment and profession
 Gross employment income
 Treatment of benefits
 Adjusted income
 Basis Period
 Exemptions
Non-Business Sources of Income
 Dividend, interest, discounts, rent, premiums, royalty and other income sources
 Derivation
 Basis periods
 Exemptions
 Adjusted income
 Statutory income
Computation of tax liability
 Determination of aggregate income
 Determination of total income
 Personal reliefs
 Determination of chargeable income
 Tax rates
 Rebates
 Determination of income tax payable/repayable
DECEASED PERSONS, ESTATE AND TRUSTBODIES
 Basis periods
 Computation of chargeable income of a deceased
 individual, and estate under administration
 Types of trusts
 Taxation of trust bodies
 Computation of chargeable income of trust bodies
 Tax rates

PARTNERSHIPS
 Existence of a partnership
 Calculation of provisional adjusted income
 Divisible income and adjusted income of partners
 Changes in partnership accounting dates

BUSINESS/ CORPORATE TAXATION

 Business source
 Adjusted income
 Statutory income
 Calculation of chargeable income
 Tax rates
 Single-tier system
Capital Allowance on Plant, Machinery and Industrial Buildings
 Definition of Plant,
 Machinery and Industrial buildings
 Qualifying expenditure
 Eligibility for capital allowances
 Date when the expenditure is incurred
 Types of allowances
 Residual expenditure
 Plant and machinery bought on hire purchase
 Disposals
 Controlled transfers
REAL PROPERTY GAINS TAX
 Basic principles
 Definition of real property
 Determination of acquisition and disposal price and date of disposal Chargeable gain
 Allowable loss
 Circumstances where disposal price equals
 acquisition price
 Exemptions including inter-company transfers
 Returns and Assessment
TAX PLANNING
 Anti-avoidance provisions
 Corporate structure and dividend flows
 Disposal of business operations
 Transfer of real properties
 Brief overview of real property company and stamp duty implications on transfer / disposal
 Employment versus Self- employment
 Remuneration packages
 18. Management Accounting

 Introduction to Management Accounting:

 Meaning
 Features
 Scope
 Importance
 Functions
 Differences between Financial accounting, Cost accounting and Management accounting
 Budgetary Control:
 Meaning
 Characteristics
 Objectives, Steps
 Advantages
 Limitations
 Types of budgets

 Standard Costing:
 Meaning,
 Advantages,
 Limitations,
 Preliminaries,
 Steps in setting up of standard costs,
 Differences between Budgetary control and standard costing, Estimated cost
 Variance Analysis:
 Meaning
 Favourable and Unfavourable variances Controllable and uncontrollable variances
 Uses of variances
 Analysis of variances
 Types of variances
 Marginal Costing:
 Meaning
 Features
 Advantage
 Limitations
 Absorption costing
 Cost – Volume – Profit Analysis:
 Contribution
 Break even analysis
 Profit Volume Ratio
 Margin of safety
 Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements:
 Meaning
 Steps
 Objectives
 Types of Analysis
 Comparative financial statement
 Common size financial statement
 Trend Analysis

Ratio Analysis:
 Meaning
 Advantages
 Limitations
 Classifications of ratios
Working Capital Management:
 Meaning of working capital
 Kinds of working capital
 Sources of working capital
 Objectives of working capital management
 Determinants of working capital requirement,
 Estimation of working capital requirement
 Fund Flow Statement:
 Meaning
 Uses
 Limitations
 Sources and uses of funds
 Cash Flow Statement:
 Meaning
 Uses
 Limitations
 Sources and uses of cash
Capital Budgeting:
 Meaning
 Principles of capital
 budgeting
 Methods of evaluating,
 Capital Rationing

Management of Profits/Dividend Policy:

 Meaning of dividend policy,
 Types of dividend policy,
 Factors influencing dividend policy,
 Forms of dividend,
 Dividend models
Overview of latest developments in Accounting:
 Transfer Pricing,
 Responsibility, accounting, Inflation accounting, Divisional performance analysis,
 Human Resources Accounting

19. Company law

Content

Introduction to Company Law:

 Definition of a 'Company'
 Business Entities in Malaysia
 Fundamental Distinctions between the Common Forms of Organization
 Classifications and the Changing Status of Companies
 Effects of the Corporate Veil
 Lifting the Veil of Incorporation
 The Agency Relationship
 Promoter and Pre-incorporation Contracts
 Definition of partnership
 Certain circumstances not prima facie partnerships
 Postponement of rights of person lending or selling in consideration of
 share of profits in case of bankruptcy
 Meaning of firm and firm name
 The Memorandum of Association
 The Characteristics and Content of the
 Memorandum of Association
 Corporate Capacity
 The Alteration of the Memorandum of
 Association

 Articles of Association
 The Characteristics of Article of Association
 The Legal Effect of the Corporate
 Constitution
 Alteration of Articles
 Enforceable Obligations which are Outside
 the Scope of a Company's Article

 Legal Incidents of Membership

 Definition of Member and Restrictions on
 Membership
 Distinction between a Member and
 Shareholder

 The Relationship between Members and

 the Board of Directors
 The Application of Section 181(1)
 Company Act 1965 (Member's Remedy)

 Directors
 Definition of Director
 Appointment and Qualification of a Director
 Retirement, Resignation, Vacation and Removal of Directors

 Board of Directors
 Duties of Directors
 Remedies for Breach

 Meetings
 What Constitutes a Meeting
 Types of Meeting
 Meeting Procedures
 Power of the Courts to Order Meeting
  Quorum, Chairman and Voting
 Memberships Rights in Meetings
 Resolutions
 Accounts
 Penalty

 Corporate Finance: Capital, Dividend and Share

 Capital
 Dividends
 Shares

 Corporate Finance: Financial Assistance, Debenture, Charges, Capital Maintenance and Reduction of
Capital
 Debenture and Charges
 Capital Maintenance and Reduction of Capital

 Corporate Reconstructions, Mergers and Takeovers and Arrangements

 Reconstruction
 Receivers and Administrative Receiver
 Administrative Orders and Voluntary Arrangements

 Liquidation
 Voluntary Winding Up
 Compulsory Winding Up

20. Macroeconomics

Content

Fundamentals of macroeconomics
 Aim and scope
 Various types of macroeconomics problems.
Fundamental issues
 Meaning of national income
 Measurement of national income
 Output
 Expenditure methods
 Concepts of injections and leakages from the circular flow.
Effect of inflation
 Nominal measures
 Real measures and price deflator
 Factors influencing per capita income
 Factors between countries
 Changes in national income level.
Demand side of National income and Product:
 Keynes’s Theory
 Aggregate demand
 Components
 Consumption
 Investment
 Government spending
 Net exports
 Determinants
 Schedule
 Function
 Marginal propensity to consume
 Average propensity to save.
Planned investment:
 Meaning
 Determinants
 Actual investment
 Planned government spending
 Import and export meaning
 Analysis of equilibrium
 Equilibrium injections and leakages approach.
Types of multiplier
 Consumption
 Investment
 Government spending
 Balanced-budget
 Open economy.
 Fiscal policy
 Meaning budget
 Income determination
  Aims difficulties financing government expenditure (taxation-classification, types).

National income and product: supply side

 Labor
 Capital saving
 Investment
 Technological change
 Productivity sources of decline
 Supply side economies
 National income policy-changes in tax structure
 Less federal expenditures
 Slow and steady money growth
 Regulatory reform.
Monetary Economies
 Money
 Supply and demand
 Credit and banking
 Credit instruments
 Check
 Promissory notes
 Bill of exchange
Creation of bank credits
 Limitation to credit creation
 Quantity theory of money
 The fisher equation
 Monetary policy.
Inflation
 Aim and scope
 Causes
 Types
 Effects
 Winner and loses of inflation
 Control of inflation
 Monetary measures
 Fiscal measures
 Direct control.
Unemployment
 Aim and scope
 Meaning
 Causes and types
 Full-employment
 Over full-employment
 Remedy to unemployment.
Issues pertaining to International economic system:
 Comparative advantage between absolute advantage
 Arguments for free trade
 Arguments against free trade.

Balance of payments
 Meaning
 Structure correcting
 Balance of payment deficit.
Balance of trade
 Exchange rates
 Meaning determinants
 Gold standard
 IMF.

21. Financial Accounting 3

Content

Company Account, Capital Structure and Loan Capital

 Definition of company
 Advantage of Company compared with sole trader and partnership
 Types and Formation of companies
 Capital structure and classes of share
 Loan Capital
Issues of Shares and Debentures
 Issue of shares at par, premium and at discount
 Term of Issue
 Forfeited shares and re-issuance of forfeited shares
 Bonus shares and right shares
Issues of Debenture
Redemption of Preference Shares and Debentures
 Statutory requirements
 Redemption of redeemable preference shares
 By fresh issue of shares
 Out of Profits
 Partly by a fresh issue of shares and partly out of profit
 Purchase of own shares
 Statutory requirements
 Financing of shares buy back
 Accounting for shares buy back
 Treasury stock method
 Shares retirement methods
 Redemption of debentures
 Method of redemption
Conversion of preference shares and debentures
Investment Account
 Definition
 Types of Investment
 Fixed Income Investment
 Fluctuating Income Investment
 Accounting for Investment
 Purchase and sales at cum div/int
 Purchase and sales at ex div/int
 Gains/losses on sale of investment
 Issuance of bonus shares and right issues
Converting fixed interests loans to ordinary shares
Adjusting Accounts and Preparing Financial Statements
 How accrual accounting makes statements more useful, account adjustments
 Temporary and permanent accounts, the closing process

Merchandising Operations and Inventory Controls in Accounting

 Definition of income components for a merchandising company.

 Components of merchandise inventory, recording sales with the perpetual system, inventory errors.
Branch Accounting
 Introduction
 Dependent Branch
 Good Sent at Cost
 Good Sent at Selling Price
 Methods of recording
 Branch Stock Adjustment Method
 Memorandum Column Method
 Autonomous Branch /Independent
 Good Sent at Cost
 Good Sent at Selling Price
 Provision for Unrealized profit
 Items in transit
Preparation of Final Accounts

22. Taxation 2

Content

Industrial building allowance – Part I

 A factory.
 A dock, wharf, jetty or other similar building.
 A warehouse let out to the public.
 Building used in the utility business or telecommunication services.
 Buildings used in the working of mine or farm.
Mill, workshop, in connection with the working of mine.

Industrial building allowance – Part 2

 Registration and Networking
 Coffee and Tea Break
 Lunch (provided on campus)
 Coffee and Tea Break
 Wrap-up of Workshop
Agriculture allowance Part 1
 Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme
 Ministry of Water Reources
 Attracting and Retaining youth in Agriculture (Arya)
 Biotech- KISAN
 Cattle Genomics Scheme
 Gramin Krishi Mausam Seva (GKMS)
 Integrated Scheme for Agriculture and Marketing (ISAM)
Agriculture allowance Part 2
 KISAN (Crop Insurance)
 Krishi Vigyan Kendras
 Minimum Support Price Scheme

Forest allowance Part 1

 Forest Service allowance
 Forest Guards to get weapon allowance
 Allowances advanced Taxation
Forest allowance Part 2
 Forest employees demand risk allowance pay anomaly removal
 Rainforest Alliance
 Forestry and affore station
 Prescribed allowances for the purposes of clause.
Capital Allowance Part 1
 Definition of Plant
 Machinery and Industrial buildings
 Qualifying expenditure
 Eligibility for capital allowances
 Date when the expenditure is incurred
 Types of allowances
 Residual expenditure
 Plant and machinery bought on hire purchase
 Disposals
 Controlled transfers
Capital Allowance Part 2
 Definition of Plant
 Machinery and Industrial buildings
 Qualifying expenditure
 Eligibility for capital allowances
 Date when the expenditure is incurred
 Types of allowances
 Residual expenditure
 Plant and machinery bought on hire purchase
 Disposals
 Controlled transfers
Withholding Taxes Part 1
 Types of income
 Derivation
 Exemptions
 Rate of tax
 Penalties for non-compliance
Withholding Taxes Part 2
 Types of income
 Derivation
 Exemptions
 Rate of tax
 Penalties for non-compliance
INDIRECT TAXATION
 Scope of charge
 Licensing requirements
 Rate of tax
 Filing of returns
 Penalties
REAL PROPERTY GAINS TAX
 Basic principles
 Definition of real property
 Determination of acquisition and disposal price and date of disposal
 Chargeable gain
 Allowable loss
 Circumstances where disposal price equals acquisition price
 Exemptions including inter-company transfers
 Shares in a real property company (RPC)
 Acquisition price of shares in a RPC
 Returns and Assessment
TAX PLANNING & AVOIDANCE
 Employment versus
 Self- employment
 Remuneration packages
 Corporate structure and dividend flows
 Disposal of business operations and restructuring of activities
 Transfer of real properties
 Transfer pricing issues
 Tax avoidance
 Anti-avoidance provisions

23. Audit II

Content
 The Audit Function:
 Reasons for Auditing.
 Audit Expectation Gap.
 Limitations of Auditing.

The Environment of Auditing

 Types of audit
 Audit liability.
 Overview of Auditing:
 Audit Process.
Risk
 Planning
 Risk Analysis.
 Audit Strategy and materiality.

Internal Control: An auditor’s view

 Purpose
 Characteristics
 Limitation
 Scope.
Substantive testing
 Audit procedures

Audit Sampling
 Sampling and its importance.
 Comparison of Statistical and Non Statistical Sampling.
 Types of Sample Selection

Audit Completion
 Auditing opening Balances.
 Comparative information.
 Evaluation of misstatements.

Audit Reporting
 Basic elements of Auditor's Report.
 Types of Opinion.
 Drafting of different types of Audit Report.
 Current Issues:
 Assurance services

24. Computerize Accounting System

Content

Accounting Information systems

 Introduction
 Purpose
 Five Basic Principles of AIS
 Basic Components of AIS

Accounting as an information system

 History
 An example of architecture
 Advantages and implications
 Implementation
Input – Process – Output of AIS
 Data Storage and Recall
 Data output
 Relationships Across Departments
 Internal Controls

Storage of AIS (File and Database)

 Introduction
 Procedure
 Data Storage
 Information Technology Infrastructure
 Security
 Information Access
Internal controls – Part 1 (Quiz 2)
 Early history of internal control
 Definitions
 Context
 Role and responsibilities in internal control
 Management
 Board of directors

Internal controls – Part 2

 Commitment to integrity and ethical values
 Board independence and oversight
 Structures
 Reporting lines
 Authority and responsibility
 Individuals held accountable

AIS Documentation
 Introduction
 Why documentation is important
 Process Maps and Data flow diagrams
 Case Analysis
 Document And System Flowcharts

Presentation of Internal Controls 1

 Definition and Objectives
 Five Components of Internal Control

Presentation of Internal Controls 2

 Control Environment
 Risk Assessment
 Control Activities
Revenue and Expenditure Cycles
 Revenue Cycle
 Sales Service
 Sales journal
 Deposit Slip
 Expenditures Cycle
 Suppliers Invoice
 Purchase Journal
 Accounts payable Listing
HRM , Production, and GL &
Reporting cycles
  Evolution of Human Resources Technology
 Human Resource Information System

Production Cycle
 Product design
 Planning and scheduling
 Production operations
 Cost accounting
REA Data Model
 Description
 Database Accounting
 REA Accounting
 Database Orientation
 Semantic Orientation

System development – Part 1

 Global Software Development
 Tricky requirements
 Implementation and adoption
 Open source development
 Development of knowledge System
 System Development as Knowledge Management

System development – Part 2

 Introduction
 Over view of System Analysis and Design
 Business System Concepts
 Characteristics of a system
 Elements of a Systems

25. Financial Accounting 4

Content
Overview of Financial Accounting
 Accounting assumptions
 Qualitative characteristics of accounting information.

The Financial Statements

 Users of financial statements
 Elements in the financial statements, including general principles on recognition and measurement

Investment account
 Classification of investment
 Cost of Investment
 Valuation of Investments
 Disposal of investment
 Reclassification of investment
 Preparation of Investment account for interest & dividend bearing Securities
Principles of Auditing
 Definition
 Overview of Auditing & Assurance Standards
 Objects
 Advantages and different classes of audit
 Audit Program

Financial Statement Analysis:

 Statement of Financial Information
 Users
 Accounting Ratios
 Types of Ratios
 Basic of Comparison
 Types of financial Ratios
 Limitation of Ratios

26. Microeconomics

Content
Fundamentals of microeconomics
 Aim and scope
 Various types of microeconomics problems
 Illustrate using the production possibilities curve
 Details on market systems advantages and disadvantages.
Demand theory:
 Fundamental concept
 Utility theory
 Concept
 Total utility
 Marginal utility
 Law of diminishing marginal utility
 Basis of demand in utility theory
 Equilibrium
 Derivation of demand from equilibrium consumer surplus
Indifference curve analysis
 Indifference curve
 Budget line
 Equilibrium

Demand elasticity
 Function
 Aim and scope
 Price elasticity of demand
 Price elasticity and total expenditure
 Various factors in influencing price cross elasticity coefficients
 Income and substitution of a change in price
Supply theory:
 Functions
 Aim and scope of basic supply concept and theory of the firm
Short-run production theory
 Product concepts
 Total product marginal product
 Average product
 Product curves
 The law of diminishing marginal product.
 Cost concept
 Total cost marginal cost
 Fixed cost
 Variable cost
 Cost curves
Relationship between short-run cost and productivity concepts
 Long-run Production theory-economies of scale
 Diseconomies of scale
 Constant return to scale.

Types of Market:
 Perfect competition-assumption
 Revenue-conditions
 Supply curve
 Behavior of competitive firm
 Shot-run equilibrium
 Short run profits
 Long-run equilibrium
 Implications of long-run equilibrium
 Monopolistic competition-assumptions
 Revenue conditions
 Behavior of competitive firm
 Shot-run equilibrium
 Monopolistic industry
 Long-run equilibrium
 Implications of long-run equilibrium
Monopoly:
 Assumption
 Revenue condition
 Shot-run equilibrium
 Long-run equilibrium
 Monopoly profit
Oligopoly:
 Assumption
 Causes measurement
 Competition
 Co-operation
 Kinked demand curve
Various resource market:
 Concept of derived demand curve
 Shifts in demand
 Supply of resources
 Resources pricing in perfectly competitive market
 Wage rates
 Economic rent
Market failure and externalities:
 External cost
 External benefits.
Market failure and externalities:
 Social cost
 Social benefits
 Free-rider concept
 Government intervention.

27. Money and Banking

Content

Why study money, banking and financial market?

 Introduction
 Insurance Companies
 Mutual Funds
 Investment Banks

An overview of financial system

 Function of financial market
 Structure financial market
 Financial market instrument
 Reading comprehension

What is money
 Functions of financial market
 Structure financial market
 Financial market instrument
Understanding interest rates
 Measuring interest rates

Distinction interest rates and returns

 Nominal vs. real values
 Increasing Purchasing Power
 Effective Interest Rate

The behavior of interest rate

 Determinants of Asset Demand
 Theory of Portfolio Choice
 Supply and Demand in the Bond
 Market
The risk and term structure of interest rates
 Introduction
 Yield Curve Patterns
 Term Structure Theories

Determinants of money supply

 The money supply Model and the money multiplier
 Factors that determine the money multiplier

Tools of monetary policy

 The market reserves
 Open market operation
 Discount policy
 Reserve requirements

The stock markets

 How the markets set stock price

Financial institution
 An economic analysis of financial structure
 Banking and the management of financial institutions

Banking industry
 Central banking and the conduct monetary policy
Structure Central bank
 Introduction
 History of Central banks
 Functions of Central bank
 Central Banks and Deflation

What should central bank do

 Monetary policy goals, strategy and tactics