INDUCTION

MOTOR
SIMULATION
PANEL (IMSP)

INDUCTION MOTOR
PROTECTION USING
NUMERICAL RELAY REM 630
ABOUT ABB
REM630
NUMERICAL
RELAY
  REM630 is a comprehensive motor management IED for
protection, control, measuring and supervision of medium
and large asynchronous motors in medium voltage
industrial power systems.
 REM630 is a member of ABB’s Relion® product family and
ABOUT ABB a part of its 630 protection and control product series
characterized by functional scalability and flexible
REM630 configurability.
NUMERICAL  REM630 also features necessary control functions required
for the management of industrial motor feeder bays.
RELAY
 The IED can be used with both circuit-breaker controlled
and contactor controlled drives. The supported
communication protocols including IEC 61850 offer
seamless connectivity to industrial automation systems.
  METERING OF OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS
 CONTROL OVER MOTOR OPERATION
 PROTECTION OF THE MOTOR

FACILITIES  Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection

 Differential Protection
PROVIDED IN  Earth Fault Protection

THE PANEL  Locked Rotor Protection

 Protection against frequent restarts

UNDER STUDY:  Thermal Overload Protection

 Undercurrent Protection
 Unbalance/Negative Sequence Protection
 Protection against Loss of Phase
FAULTS
AGAINST WHICH
PROTECTION IS
PROVIDED

BRIEF INFORMATION ABOUT

THE FAULTS AGAINST WHICH
THE PROTECTION IS PROVIDED
  THE INDUCTION MOTOR IS PROTECTED AGAINST PHASE
TO PHASE FAULTS WITH THE HELP OF A DIFFERENTIAL
PROTECTION SCHEME (ANSI: 87)
 THIS SCHEME IS REALISED WITH THE HELP OF TWO
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS PLACED ON EITHER SIDE OF
THE INDUCTION MOTOR THAT MEASURE PHASE
PHASE TO CURRENTS AND FEED THEM TO THE RELAY, WHICH
PHASE FAULTS THEN COMPARES THE CURRENT VALUES.
 IN CASE OF A PHASE TO PHASE FAULT, THE CURRENTS
ON EITHER SIDE OF THE MOTOR WILL NOT BE THE
SAME, WHICH WILL LEAD TO THE TRIPPING OF THE
CIRCUIT DUE TO THE OPERATION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL
SCHEME.
  THE MAJOR REASON OF OVERCURRENT IN AN INDUCTION
MOTOR IS THE SHORTING OF THE STATOR WINDINGS AND
EXCESSIVE OVERLOADS
 AN INDUCTION MOTOR CAN BE PROTECTED FROM SUCH
OVERCURRENT OVERCURRENTS WITH THE HELP OF AN EXTREMELY
INVERSE OR INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT RELAY (ANSI
50)
 IN OUR CASE THE PROTECTION IS PROVIDED BY THE
INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT RELAY.
  SINGLE PHASING OCCURS WHEN THERE IS A LOSS OF ONE OF THE
PHASES THAT SUPPLY POWER TO THE MOTOR. IT IS CONSIDERED
TO BE THE WORST CASE OF VOLTAGE UNBLALANCE IN CASE OF A
THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR.
 WHEN ONE PHASE OF A SECONDARY OPENS, THE CURRENT TO A
MOTOR IN THE TWO REMAINING PHASES THEORETICALLY
SINGLE INCREASE TO 1.73 (173%) TIMES THE NORMAL CURRENT DRAW
OF THE MOTOR. THE INCREASE CAN BE AS MUCH AS 2 TIMES
PHASING / (200%) BECAUSE OF POWER FACTOR CHANGES. WHERE THE
LOSS OF PHASE MOTOR HAS A HIGH INERTIA LOAD, THE CURRENT CAN APPROACH
LOCKED ROTOR VALVES UNDER SINGLE-PHASED CONDITIONS.
 PROTECTION AGAINST THIS IS CONDITION IS GENERALLY
PROVIDED BY A COMBINED ACTION OF OVERCURRENT AND
THERMAL OVERLOAD RELAYS, THAT MEASURE THE CURRENTS
DRAWN BY THE MOTOR, AS WELL AS THE HEAT GENERATED
WITHIN THE MOTOR.
  LOCKED ROTOR CONDITION IS WHEN THE ROTOR ANGULAR VELOCITY IS
ZERO, OR BELOW A CRITICAL LOW SPEED LIMIT AS DEFINED FOR THE
MOTOR.
 WHEN THE ROTOR FAILS TO ROTATE RIGHT AT THE START, THE CONDITION IS
LOCKED ROTOR CALLED A STARTING STALL CONDITION. IT IS MOSTLY DUE TO FAILURE OF
MECHANICAL PARTS LIKE BEARINGS AND THE SHAFT
AT START OR  LOCKED ROTOR CONDITION CAN ALSO OCCUR DUE TO AN EXCESSIVELY
HIGH INERTIA LOAD SUDDELY ADDED TO THE ROTOR SUCH THAT THE
DURING MAXIMUM TORQUE OF THE MOTOR PROVES TO BE INSUFFICIENT TO ROTATE
THE LOAD.
RUNNING  IN EITHER OF THE CONDITIONS, THE MOTOR DRAWS AN EXTREMELY LARGE
AMOUNT OF STATOR CURRENT AND THIS IS SUPPOSEDLY THE WORST
CONDITIONS OVERCURRENT SITUATION FOR A GIVEN MOTOR.
 PROTECTION AGAINST THIS TYPE OF FAULT IS PROVIDED BY THE COMBINED
ACTION OF A THERMAL OVERLOAD SCHEME ALONG WITH A PROXIMITY
SENSOR ARRANGEMENT AT THE ROTOR END THAT HELPS TO DISTINGUISH
THE LOCKED ROTOR TEST FROM THE OTHER OVERLOAD CONDITIONS.
 THE OVERCURRENT RELAY THAT PLAYS THE MAJOR ROLE IS ANSI 51 LR.
  THE MOST STRESSFUL TIME FOR AN ELECTRIC MOTOR IS DURING
STARTING, WHEN THE SHAFT SPEED IS ZERO AND THE MOTOR
CURRENT IS AT ITS MAXIMUM. THIS CONDITION IS
TERMED STARTING OR LOCKED-ROTOR CURRENT. THIS CURRENT
CAUSES GENERATION OF HEAT DUE TO I2 R LOSSES.
 ONCE A MOTOR HAS SUCCESSFULLY STARTED AND REACHED ITS LOAD
CURRENT LEVEL, ITS COOLING CIRCUIT CAN DISSIPATE THE
ADDITIONAL HEAT PRODUCED BY THE STARTING CURRENT.
MULTIPLE HOT RESTARTING THE MOTOR BEFORE ALL EXTRA HEAT HAS BEEN
DISSIPATED, HOWEVER, WILL ADD MORE HEAT (KW) TO THE HEAT
STARTS OF THE ALREADY THERE. IN THAT CASE, EACH SUBSEQUENT START WILL ADD
EVEN MORE HEAT, RAISING THE MOTOR TEMPERATURE UNTIL SOME
COMPONENT FAILS.
MOTOR  THUS THERE IS A LIMIT IMPOSED ON THE NUMBER OF TIMES A MOTOR
CAN BE RESTARTED WITHIN A SPECIFIED TIME FRAME. SOME
STANDARD MANUFACTURERS RECOMMEND NOT MORE THAN 9
STARTS OF A LARGE MOTOR IN A GIVEN DAY.
 THUS THERE IS A LIMIT IMPOSED ON THE NUMBER OF STARTS A
MOTOR CAN UNDERGO. THIS IS MONITORED BY THE TEMPERATURE
SENSORS EMBEDDED IN THE MOTOR. THE RELAY THAT TAKES CARE
OF THIS IS CALLED THE NOTCHING OR JOGGING DEVICE (ANSI 66)
  ONE OF THE MOST COMMON FAULTS TO OCCUR ON A
MOTOR IS A STATOR WINDING FAULT. WHATEVER THE INITIAL
FORM OF THE FAULT (PHASE PHASE, ETC.) OR THE CAUSE
(CYCLIC OVERHEATING, ETC.), THE PRESENCE OF THE
SURROUNDING METALLIC FRAME AND CASING WILL
EARTH FAULTS ENSURE THAT IT RAPIDLY DEVELOPS INTO A FAULT
INVOLVING EARTH.
 THIS MAKES EARTH FAULT PROTECTION UNITS A NECESSITY
IN CASE OF MEDIUM TO LARGE INDUCTION MOTORS. AND
THIS PROTECTION CAN BE REALISED USING AN EARTH
FAULT RELAY (ANSI 51N)
BREAKDOWN
OF THE POWER
AND CONTROL
CIRCUIT

DETAILED BREAKDOWN OF THE CIRCUIT

DIAGRAM SHEETS PROVIDED BY THE
MANUFACTURER FOR THE INDUCTION
MOTOR SIMULATION PANEL
  THE PANEL HAS THREE MAIN SUPPLIES, VIZ. THE MAIN
THREE PHASE POWER SUPPLY, ALONG WITH AUXILIARY
230V SINGLE PHASE AC AND 110V DC SUPPLIES FOR
THE CONTROL CIRCUITS.
POINTS WORTH
 FOR A PARTICULAR TYPE OF FAULTS, MORE THAN ONE
NOTING SCHEME OF PROTECTION MAY OPERATE, ALBEIT AFTER
BEFOREHAND DIFFERENT TIME INTERVALS.
 ANY SCHEME OF PROTECTION CAN BE BYPASSED OR
DISABLED BY USING A TOGGLE SWITCH PROVIDED ON
THE PANEL.
Q&A
 AMAL NAIR (19MEE002) AND MEET PATEL (19MEE010),
M. TECH (POWER SYSTEMS)
PANDIT DEENDAYAL PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY,
GANDHINAGAR

PRESENTED BY UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF. BHUVANESH OZA

SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
MR. JITENDRA PRAJAPATI
(LAB ASSISTANT)
THANK YOU