Lighting calculations

The Illuminance: (E)

Luminous Flux / area of the sphere
surface
E=Φ/A
E= I/ r2
= lumen/ m2 = lux
The luminance (Luminous Intensity) (I)
I= Φ/ω cd
Where: ω = solid angle

= (Φ/A)* r2
= E* r2 Candela
Inverse square law: Double the Radius:
• Surface area bounded by a solid angle of 1 sr now increases to 4m2
• Luminous flux remains Φ = 1lm
• Illuminance E drops from 1 lux to ¼ lux
What can we do with this?
It’s the basic building lighting
We can find the illuminance on a desk from a incandescent light
bulb overhead:

Bulb: 60W * 20 lm/W = 1200 lm

1200/4π 100 cd if point source
Desk : E = 100/22 = 25 lux

LUMINOUS EFFICACY
Is the ratio of the luminous flux emitted by a lamp to the power taken
by it. (unit: LUMENS PER WATT, lm/W)
 Calculation of point illuminance level:
Ep
Which are generated by individual light source:

}E = I/r2
But, r = h/ cos ( )
So,

E p = I /h2 cos3

} Where,
} Luminous Intensity(I)
} Hieght (h)
} Light Incidence Angle ( )
Factors affected on illuminance calculations

1. Room Reflectance
} The room is considered to
consist of three main
surfaces:
(a) the ceiling cavity,
(b) the walls, and
(c) the floor cavity (or the
horizontal working plane).

} The effective reflectances of the

above three surfaces affect the
quantity of reflected light received by
the working plane.
 Factors affected on illuminance calcuations
2. Luminaire maintenance
factor (LMF) is the proportion
of the initial light output from a
luminaire after a set time to the
initial light output from a lamp after
a set time.
} Three factors must be considered in
its determination:
(a) the type of luminaire,
(b) atmospheric conditions, and
(c) maintenance interval.
3. Room surface
maintenance factor (RSMF)
is the proportion of the
illuminance provided by a lighting
installation in a room after a set
time compared with that occurred
when the room was clean.
4. Utilization factor (UF) is
the proportion of the luminous
flux emitted by the lamps which
reaches the working plane.
Factors that affect the value of UF
are as follows:
(a) light output ratio of luminaire
(b) flux distribution of luminaire
(c) room proportions
(d) room reflectance
(e) spacing/mounting height ratio
Lumen Method Calculations
Where:
E = average illuminance over the horizontal working plane
n = number of lamps in each luminaire
N = number of luminaire
F = lighting design lumens per lamp,
i.e. initial bare lamp luminous flux
UF = utilisation factor for the horizontal working plane
LLF = light loss factor
A = area of the horizontal working plane
The Luminous Flux (Φ)= EA/MU
Ø Calculate the utilization factor
Ø Calculate the Room Factor:
K = 0.8W + 0.2L
he
Where: W= width of the room
L = length of the room

Ø From the table find “η”

Ø The Luminous Flux (Φ)=
EA
η
Room Factor
is the proportion of the initial light output
from a luminaire after a set time to the
initial light output from a lamp after a set
time.

} It depends on room dimension