ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Geotechnical Engineering

CE71.31 Engineering Geology

Assignment 03

[GEOLOGICLA MAP READING

AND STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY]

By

Jobayda Akhter
ID: 121022

Submitted to
Dr. Pham Huy Giao
 ASSIGNMENT 3

MAP READING AND STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

1. Each 2-student group will select a geological map to study with the TA in
the Engineering Geology lab (N255) and report on the followings:

1. Map location
2. Map scale
3. Rock type
4. Rock age
5. Rock structure
6. Creating a typical cross-section
7. Local and regional geology related for the study area

2. The geological investigation at a dam site in Thailand provided the

following compass measurements of bedding and joints:

Bedding: 055/30 051/26 049/32 053/28 048/31 051/29 049/31 049/32 050/38

Joint: 200/45 206/50 204/51 201/48 208/52 204/46 200/47 203/45 206/44

You are asked to interpret these geological structures using stereo net, both
by hand and software

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 Map Reading

1. Map location

The study area is located at eastern of Thailand (ND48-9)

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It has a latitude 13° to 14° and longitude 102° to 103.5° that is located in Sa Kaeo province
and it have the land border as follows:
Northern: bordered with Buriram province and Nakhon Ratchasima province.
Eastern: bordered with State of Cambodia.
Southern: bordered with Chanthaburi province.
Western: bordered with Prachinburi province and Chachoengsao province.

The northern of study area has lowlands or low lying plains that is well known it is Khorat
Plateau. On the other hand, the southwest of study area has an abundance of mountains and
plateaus.

2. Map scale
Map scale shows the relationship (or ratio) between distance on a map and related to the
distance on the ground. Here, the scale is 1:250000 which means 1cm on the map equals
2.5km on the ground

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3 & 4. Rock type and Rock age

In this study include 2 rock types that sedimentary rock and igneous rock as follows:
3.1 Sedimentary Rock
3.1.1 Permain Rock

Sivaborvorn et al. (1976) named limestone in this study is Ratburi Group and include 2
formation, the first one consists of massive bedded limestone, contains Middle-Late
Permian fusulinids , interbedded with shale and other one consists of red and gray thin
bedded chert with Middle Permian radiolarian. In 1992, Chaodumrong named 2 formation
are Khao Ta Ngog formation and Wang Nam Yen formation, respectively.

3.1.2 Triassic Sedimentary Rock (Tr)

Triassic sedimentary rock in this study area consisting of thick to massive dark gray
feldspathic sandstones and can became greenish gray interbred with conglomerates that are
well rounded and consist of volcanic rocks and fossiliferous limestone containing fusulinids.
Sivaborvorn et al. (1976) named that is Pong Nam Ron Formation that one of formations
in Korat Group.

3.1.3 Jurassic Sedimentary Rock (J)

Triassic sedimentary rock in this study area consisting of white brown and yellowish brown
sandstone that medium-grained and it shows structure cross bedding with ripple mark
intercalated with conglomeratic sandstone. Chaleechan and Bunnag (1954) named this
formation is Phra Wihan Formation that one of formations in Korat Group.

3.1.4 Quaternary Sedimentary Rock (Q)

Quaternary sedimentary rock in this study area was divided 2 group the first one is sediment
from alluvial deposits, including gravel, sand, silt and clay, and lacustrine deposits that
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include silt and mud (Qa). And the second one is sediment from Terrace and colluvial
deposits (Qt) that include gravel, sand, silt and laterite.

3.2 Igneous rock

3.2.1 Triassic Igneous Rock

Triassic igneous rock in this study area was divided 3 group, the first one is Sa Kaeo
ultramafic belt that consist of olive green to dark green serpentinite, pearly luster and
schistose texture. Second one is volcanic igneous rock that consist of andesite, welded tuff,
tuff, agglomerate, andesitic basalt and minor rhyolite. And the last one is hornblende-
biotite granite that is porphyritic texture including medium to coarse-grained.

3.2.2 Quaternary Igneous Rock

Quaternary igneous rock in this area is greyish-black and black olivine basalt that has
vesicular and amygdaloidal texture

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 The rock formations are tabulated as below:

Symbols Rock Types Formation Group Age

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Qa Alluvial deposits: gravel, sand, silt and

QUATERNARY
clay; lacustrine deposits: silt and mud
Terrace and colluvial deposits: gravel,
Qt sand, silt and laterite.

UNCONFORMITY

Sandstone, white, brown and limonite,

medium - grained, well – cemented, PHRA
JPW cross – bedded with ripple mark and in – WIHAN KORAT JURASSIC
tercalated conglomeratic sandstone.
Graywacke, greenish - grey and greenish
- black, fine to medium grained, poorly
to moderately sorted, thin bedded to
TRp massive, grade bedded, small scale cross PHONG NAM
RON
– bedded, commonly patches of slate;
interbedded shale; and locally thin TRIASSIC
bedded limestone
Conglomerate, with subrounded to
rounded pebbles and boulders of granite,
TR
andesite, chert, limestone, slate, and
rhyolite.

UNCONFORMITY
Limestone, light grey, dark grey, and
brown, massive to bedded, fossiliferus,
P P with minor shale.
PERMIAN
Chert, grey, black, and red, well – RATBURI
bedded, with radiolarian, and minor
limestone lenses.
IGNEOUS ROCKS
Olivine, basalt, greyish – black, PLEISTOCENE QUATERNARY
Qbs
vesicular and amygdaloidal.

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5. Rock structure

In this study area have 3 structure follows as;

5.1 Fault
The study area is located in active fault zone of Thailand that is Mae Ping Fault Zone, the
trend of this fault is northeast and the fault plane dips toward to northwest.
5.2 Fold
In study area have fold that is anticline at chert of Ratburi group. Trending of fold is
northwest-s.
5.3 Unconformity
The study area have 2 unconformities. The first one is unconformity between Permain
limestone (Ratburi Group) and Triassic sedimentary rock (Prong Nam Ron Formation). And
the last one is unconformity between Triassic volcanic igneous rock (Tr an) and Permain
limestone (Ratburi Group).

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4. Cross-section

Typical Cross-section Line B-A

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Typical New -section B- A

LEGENT

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7. Local and regional geology related for the study area

Most of study area are sedimentary rock include Quaternary sedimentary rock and
Triassic sedimentary rock. Moreover, it has igneous rocks that are granite from Eastern
granite belt (I type), Sra Kaeo Ultramafics from Ophiolite belt, Triassic volcanic rock and
Quaternary basalt.
At the first in Permain period, Sedimentary rock (Chert and Limestone) deposits at marine
environment such as sandstone interbedded with limestone and chert until late Triassic-
Jurassic period. Because at late Triassic-Jurassic period, Indo-china plate sub ducted into
Shan-Thai plate that causes to Eastern granite belt or I-type (Hornblende-biotite granite at
Triassic period). Sub duction between Shan-Thai plate and Indo-china plate affects all of
study area uplift above sea level. Finally, Quaternary sediment deposited at this study area.

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2. The geological investigation at a dam site in Thailand provided the
following compass measurements of bedding and joints: 


Bedding: 055/30 051/26 049/32 053/28 048/31 051/29 049/31 049/32

050/38

Joint: 200/45 206/50 204/51 201/48 208/52 204/46 200/47 203/45 206/44



Stereonet Plot from Software

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Software Output

Dam Bedding

No. Strike Dip Trend Plunge Dip Quad

1 55 30 325 60 S
2 51 26 321 64 S
3 49 32 319 58 S
4 53 28 323 62 S
5 48 31 318 59 S
6 51 29 321 61 S
7 49 31 319 59 S
8 49 32 319 58 S
9 50 38 320 52 S

Dam Joints

No. Trend Plunge Strike Dip Dip Quad

1 200 45 290 45 N
2 206 50 296 40 N
3 204 51 294 39 N
4 201 48 291 42 N
5 208 52 298 38 N
6 204 46 294 44 N
7 200 47 290 43 N
8 203 45 293 45 N
9 206 44 296 46 N

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Stereonet Plot by Hand

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