NURZATUL SYAMIM BUSRI

SIK180024

HYPERSENSITIVITY QUESTIONS:
1. What is hypersensitivity and how is it different from the
normal immune reactions?
Hypersensitivity is an exaggerated immune respond
towards exogenous or endogenous antigen. It is different
from normal immune respond for examples, in
hypersensitivity type 1the plasma cells produces IgE
2. How many types of hypersensitivity are there? Name them.
There are 4 types of hypersensitivity :
I. Type 1 (immediate)
II. Type 2(cytotoxic)
III. Type 3(immune complexes)
IV. Type 4(delayed / T-cell mediated )

3. Name the hypersensitivity reactions which involve

antibodies and state which antibodies are involved in each
hypersensitivity reaction.
The hypersensitivity reactions that involve antibodies are
Type 1, Type 2 , and Type 3 only. The antibodies involved
are:
- in Type 1 Hypersensitivity the antibodies are IgEs that are
fixed on mast cells
-in Type 2 and 3 hypersensitivity, the antibodies involved
are IgGs and IgMs.

4. Name the type of hypersensitivity reaction which involves

free antibody and free antigens. Briefly describe the reaction
shown in the video.
Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction involve free antigen which
are exogenous or endogenous antigen and free antibodies
which are IgGs and IgMs. The free antigens and antibodies
build up immune complexes that are deposited in the
tissue or blood vessels. It cause the tissue damage.

5. Name the type of hypersensitivity reaction which involves

free antigen and antibodies fixed on body cells / tissues. Briefly
describe reaction shown in the video.
Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction. Involve free foreign
antigen but involved fix IgEs antibodies. the IgEs produced
attach to mast cells that contains histamine and many
more. when it is exposed to the antigens for the second
time, the mast cell secrete histamine and other molecules
that cause many effect for example capillary dilation, pain
and itching.

6. What are immune complexes? Name the type of

hypersensitivity reaction which involves immune complexes.
Briefly describe the reaction shown in the video.
Immune complexes that is sometimes called antigen-
antibody complexes are the binding of antibodies with the
soluble antigen and act as one object.

7. Name the hypersensitivity type which do not involve

antibodies. Briefly describe the reaction shown in the video
and explain why it is also termed delayed hypersensitivity.
Type 4 Hypersensitivity reaction.
Macrophage ingested a carried protein with the bound
allergen and presented to the surface by Class 2 MHC.
The presented antigen interact with TH1 and TH1 is
activated and proliferation occurs. When it is exposed for
the second time, TH1 react and release cytokines resulting
in attraction of more macrophages. This cause
inflammation and skin lesion
It is called delayed hypersensitivity as the skin lesion
appears after 24 hours and become severe after 48 to 72
hours after the second exposure.
8. Describe the hypersensitivity reaction which occurs when a
person with Type A blood receives blood from a person with
Type B blood. Name the type of hypersensitivity reaction
involved in this reaction.
The type of reaction is Type 2 Hypersensitivity reaction.
There will be antibodies against Anti B that bind to antigen
B. This will cause complement fixation and cell will
undergo lysis.
9. With reference to Question 8, explain why the same reaction
does not occur in a person who is type AB receives blood from
a person with Type B blood.
There will be no reaction as type AB has both antigen A
and B on the surface of RBS thus there were no antibodies
against Type B blood.

10. Name ONE example of disease that results from each type
of hypersensitivity reaction.
Type 1 – Allergies
Type 2- Auto Immune haemolytic anaemia
Type 3- SLE
Type 4- Type 1 Diabetes