Marxism, Art & Aesthetics: A Select Bibliography

Patrick S. O’Donnell (2019)

This bibliography has several constraints: it is limited to books in English (including

translations). In addition, its bias is largely (so not exclusively) “Western,” and thus it is in no
way sufficiently cosmopolitan or transnational (or ‘internationalist’) in scope. (I happen to have
an abiding interest in aesthetic theories and philosophies of art of Indic provenance in particular
and non-Western perspectives on art in general, but as yet there is little of this work that is
treated in the context of or from perspectives provided by ‘the Left.’) This list does not aim to be
exhaustive, accordingly, not all of “the arts” are well-represented (in some cases, they’re not at
all represented). You will find here biographies and catalogues of some artists, historical and
sociological studies, as well as works having to do with art and political theory (or political
philosophy), and theory of art/aesthetics. Finally, I’ve included much of what I trust to be the
crème de la crème in “Marxist aesthetics/theory of art.” I rely on a generous conception of
Marxism and the influence of Marxist ideas.* If these constraints add up to an idiosyncratic
collection or motley, so be it. I welcome suggestions for further titles (it’s possible if not
probable that something worthy of inclusion was omitted).

Diego Rivera, “The Making of a Fresco Showing the Building of a City,” 1931 (San Francisco Art Institute,
San Francisco, California)

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* Perhaps the sufficiently motivated or curious reader can make the requisite inferences as to
the relative value of that conception by browsing through my compilation for Marxism.

On Marx’s aesthetics:

 Baxandall, Lee and Stefan Morawski, eds. Marx & Engels on Literature and Art:
A Selection of Writings. St. Louis, MO: Telos Press, 1973.
 The Philosophy of Art of Karl Marx (trans. Ralph B. Winn, ed. Angel Flores)
New York: Critics Group, 1938/London: Pluto, 1973.

Marxism (or ‘the Left’), Art & Aesthetics:

 Aaron, Daniel. Writers on the Left: Episodes in American Literary Communism. New
York: Columbia University Press, 1961.
 Adorno, Theodor W. Philosophy of Modern Music. New York: Seabury Press, 1971.
 Adorno, Theodor W. (Robert Hullot-Kentor, tr.) Aesthetic Theory. London:
Continuum, 2004.
 Adorno, Theodor W. The Culture Industry: Selected Essays on Mass Culture. New York:
Routledge, 1991.
 Alexander, William. Film on the Left: American Documentary Film from 1931 to 1942.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981.
 Baigell, Matthew and Julia Williams, eds. Artists against War and Fascism: Papers of the
First American Artists’ Congress. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1986.
 Baker, Houston A., Jr. Blues, Ideology, and Afro-American Literature: A Vernacular
Theory. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1984.
 Bakhtin, Mikhail (Hélène Iswolsky, tr.) Rabelais and His World. Cambridge, MA: MIT
Press, 1968.
 Baxandall, Lee. Marxism and Aesthetics: A Selective Annotated Bibliography. New York:
Humanities Press, 1973.
 Beauchamp-Byrd, Mora J. and Floyd Coleman. Struggle and Serenity: The Visionary
Art of Elizabeth Catlett. New York: California Cultural Center, 1997.
 Benjamin, Andrew, ed. Walter Benjamin and Art. London: Continuum, 2015.
 Benjamin, Walter (Anna Bostock, tr.) Understanding Brecht. London: Verso, 1983.
 Benson, Peter. Black Orpheus, Transition, and Modern Cultural Awakening in Africa.
Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986.
 Benston, Kimberly W., ed. Imamu Amiri Baraka: A Collection of Critical Essays.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1978.

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 Berger, John. Art and Revolution: Ernst Neizvestny and the Role of the Artist in the
U.S.S.R. New York: Pantheon Books, 1969.
 Berger, John, et al. Ways of Seeing. London: British Broadcasting Corporation and
Penguin Books, 1972.
 Berger, John (Geoff Dyer, ed.) Selected Essays—John Berger. New York: Vintage
International, 2001.
 Berger, John (Tom Overton, ed.) Portraits: John Berger on Artists. London: Verso, 2015.
 Berger, John (Tom Overton, ed.) Landscapes: John Berger on Art. London: Verso, 2016.
 Berry, Faith. Before and Beyond Harlem: Langston Hughes, A Biography. Westport, CT:
Lawrence Hill and Co., 1983.
 Blau, Eve. The Architecture of Red Vienna, 1919-1934. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,
1999.
 Bloch, Ernst (Jack Zipes and Frank Mecklenburg, tr.) The Utopian Function of Art and
Literature: Selected Essays. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1988.
 Bourdieu, Pierre (Susan Emanuel, tr.) The Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the
Literary Field. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press, 1996.
 Bowlt, John E., ed. Russian Art of the Avant Garde: Theory and Criticism 1902-1934.
London: Thames & Hudson, revised ed., 2017.
 Boyd, Melba Joyce. Wrestling with the Muse: Dudley Randall and the Broadside Press.
New York: Columbia University Press, 2003.
 Bracey, John H., Jr., Sonia Sanchez, and James Smethurst, eds. SOS—Calling All Black
People: A Black Arts Movement Reader. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts
Press, 2014.
 Brecht, Bertolt (John Willett, ed. and tr.) Brecht on Theatre: The Development of an
Aesthetic. New York: Hill and Wang, 1964.
 Brecht, Bertolt (Tom Kuhn and Steve Giles, eds.) Brecht on Art & Politics. London:
Methuen, 2003.
 Brouillette, Sarah. Literature and the Creative Economy. Stanford, CA: Stanford
University Press, 2014.
 Bryan-Wilson, Julia. Art Workers: Radical Practice in the Vietnam War Era. Berkeley,
CA: University of California Press, 2009.
 Buhle, Paul. C.L.R. James: The Artist as Revolutionary. London: Verso, 1988.
 Buhle, Paul and Mike Alewitz. Insurgent Images: The Agitprop Murals of Mike Alewitz.
New York: Monthly Review Press, 2002.
 Buhle, Paul and David Wagner. Radical Hollywood: The Untold Story Behind America’s
Favorite Movies. New York: The New Press, 2002.
 Burke, Christopher, Eric Kindel, and Sue Walker, eds. Isotype: Design and Contexts,
1925-1971. London: Hyphen Press, 2014.

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 Burke, Kenneth. Counter-Statement. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press,
revised ed., 1968 (1931).
 Burke, Kenneth. The Philosophy of Literary Form. Berkeley, CA: University of
California Press, 3rd ed., 1973 (1941).
 Burke, Kenneth. A Grammar of Motives. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press,
1969 (1945).
 Burke, Kenneth. A Rhetoric of Motives. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press,
1969 (1950).
 Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method.
Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1966.
 Cameron, Kenneth Neill. The Young Shelley: Genesis of a Radical. New York:
Macmillan, 1950.
 Campbell, Russell. Cinema Strikes Back: Radical Filmmaking in the United States, 1930-
42. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1982.
 Carter, Ennis. Posters for the People: Art of the WPA. Philadelphia, PA: Quirk Books,
2008.
 Castronovo, Russ. Beautiful Democracy: Aesthetics and Anarchy in a Global Era.
Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2007.
 Chaffee, Lyman G. Political Protest and Street Art: Popular Tools for Democratization in
Hispanic Countries. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993.
 Cherny, Robert W. Victor Arnautoff and the Politics of Art. Urbana, IL: University of
Illinois Press, 2017.
 Chevlowe, Susan, ed. Common Man, Mythic Vision: The Paintings of Ben Shahn.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998.
 Clark, T.J. The Absolute Bourgeois: Artists and Politics in France, 1848-1851. Berkeley,
CA: University of California Press, revised ed., 1999.
 Cohen, Marilyn. Reginald Marsh’s New York: paintings, drawings, prints, and
photographs. New York: Dover Publications, 1983.
 Cohen, Ronald D. Rainbow Quest: The Folk Music Revival and American Society, 1940-
1970. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 2002.
 Conal, Robbie. Art Attack: The Midnight Politics of a Guerrilla Artist. New York:
Harper-Collins, 1992.
 Cook, Mercer and Stephen E. Henderson. The Militant Black Writer in Africa and the
United States. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969.
 Cowley, Malcolm. The Dream of the Golden Mountains: Remembering the 1930s. New
York: Viking Press, 1980.

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 Craven, David. Art and Revolution in Latin America, 1910-1990. New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press, 2nd ed., 2006.
 Cushing, Lincoln. Revolución! Cuban Poster Art. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books,
2003.
 Cushing, Lincoln. All of Us or None: Social Justice Posters of the San Francisco Bay Area.
Berkeley, CA: Heyday, 2012.
 Cushing, Lincoln and Timothy W. Drescher. Agitate! Educate! Organize! American
Labor Posters. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009.
 Davis, Ben. 9.5 Theses on Art and Class. Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books, 2013.
 de Duve, Thierry (Rosalind E. Kraus, tr.) Sewn in the Sweatshops of Marx: Beuys,
Warhol, Klein, Duchamp. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2012.
 Denning, Michael. The Cultural Front: The Laboring of American Culture in the Twentieth
Century. London: Verso, 2010 ed.
 Dennis, James M. The Strike: The Improbable Story of an Iconic 1886 Painting of Labor
Protest. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2011.
 Dent, Thomas C., Richard Schechner, and Gilbert Moses. The Free Southern Theater by
The Free Southern Theater: A Documentary of the South’s Radical Black Theater with
Journals, Letters, Poetry, and Essays, and a Play Written By Those Who Built It. New
York; Bobbs-Merrill, 1969.
 Dewhurst, Merit. Social Justice Art: A Framework for Activist Art Pedagogy. Cambridge,
MA: Harvard Education Press, 2014.
 Douglas, Emory, Bobby Seale, Sam Dorant, and Sonia Sanchez. Black Panther: The
Revolutionary Art of Emory Douglas. New York: Rizzoli, 2007.
 Duberman, Martin Bauml. Paul Robeson. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988.
 Dubin, Steven C. Bureaucratizing the Muse: Public Funds and the Cultural Worker.
Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1987.
 Eagleton, Terry. Marxism and Literary Criticism. London: Methuen & Co., 1976.
 Eagleton, Terry. The Ideology of the Aesthetic. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1990.
 Eagleton, Terry and Drew Milne, eds. Marxist Literary Theory: A Reader. Malden, MA:
Blackwell, 1996.
 Elam, Harry Justin, Jr. Taking It to the Streets: The Social Protest Theater of Luis Valdez
and Amiri Baraka. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1997.
 Fabre, Michel (Isabel Barzun, tr.) The Unfinished Quest of Richard Wright. Urbana, IL:
University of Illinois Press, 2nd ed., 1993.
 Ferris, David S., ed. The Cambridge Companion to Walter Benjamin. Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press, 2004.
 Fischer, Ernst (Anna Bostock, tr.) The Necessity of Art: A Marxist Approach. London:
Verso, 2010 (1963).

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 Fishbein, Leslie. Rebels in Bohemia: The Radicals of the Masses, 1911-1917. Chapel Hill,
NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1982.
 Foley, Barbara. Radical Representations: Politics and Form in U.S. Proletarian Fiction,
1929–1941. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1993.
 Folsom, Franklin. Days of Anger, Days of Hope: A Memoir of the League of American
Writers 1937-1942. Niwot, CO: University Press of Colorado, 1994.
 Foner, Philip S. and Reinhard Schultz. The Other America: art and the labour movement
in the United States. London: Journeyman Press, 1985.
 Fraden, Rena. Blueprints for a Black Federal Theatre, 1935-1939. Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press, 1994.
 Frascina, Francis. Art, Politics and Dissent: Aspects of the Art Left in Sixties America.
New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999.
 Frankel, Stephen Robert, ed. Jack Levine. New York: Rizzoli, 1989.
 Gandhesha, Samir and Johan F. Hartle, eds. Aesthetic Marx. London: Bloomsbury
Academic, 2017.
 García, Rupert. Rupert García: Prints and Posters, 1967-1990. San Francisco, CA: Fine
Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1990.
 Gayles, Gloria Wade, ed. Conversations with Gwendolyn Brooks. Jackson, MS:
University of Mississippi Press, 2003.
 George, Ann and Jack Selzer. Kenneth Burke in the 1930s. Columbia, SC: University of
South Carolina Press, 2007.
 Gilbert, James. Writers and Partisans: a history of literary radicalism in America. New
York: Columbia University Press, 1992 (1968).
 Goodman, Jordan. Paul Robeson: A Watched Man. London: Verso, 2013.
 Gordon, Linda. Dorothea Lange: A Life Beyond Limits. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.,
2009.
 Gorky, Maxim. Creative Labour and Culture. Sydney, Australia: Current Book
Distributors, 1945.
 Gorky, Maxim. On Literature. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 1968.
 Hadjinicolaou, Nicos (Louise Asmal) Art History and Class Struggle. London: Pluto
Press, 1978.
 Hapke, Laura. Daughters of the Great Depression: Women, Work, and Fiction in the
American 1930s. Atlanta, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1995.
 Hapke, Laura. Labor’s Canvas: American Working-Class History and the WPA Art of the
1930s. Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008.
 Harap, Louis. Social Roots of the Arts. New York: International Publishers, 1949.
 Harding, James M. and Cindy Rosenthal. Restaging the Sixties: Radical Theaters and
Their Legacies. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2007.

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 Hartman, Andrew. A War for the Soul of America: A History of the Culture Wars.
Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2015.
 Hemingway, Andrew. Artists on the Left: American Artists and the Communist
Movement, 1926-1956. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002.
 Hemingway, Andrew, ed. Marxism and the History of Art: From William Morris to the
New Left Marxism and Culture. London: Pluto Press, 2006.
 Henderson, Stephen. Understanding the New Black Poetry: Black Speech and Black Music
As Poetic References. New York: William Morrow & Co., 1973.
 Herzog, Melanie Anne. Elizabeth Catlett: An American Artist in Mexico. Seattle, WA:
University of Washington Press, 2000.
 Herzog, Melanie Anne. Elizabeth Catlett: In the Image of the People. Chicago, IL: Art
Institute of Chicago, 2005.
 Hills, Patricia, et al. Social Concern and Urban Realism: American Painting of the 1930s.
Boston, MA: Boston University & Bread and Roses, 1983.
 Himelstein, Morgan Yale. Drama Was a Weapon: The Left-Wing Theatre in New York,
1929-1941. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1963.
 Hirsch, Jerrold. Portrait of America: A Cultural History of the Federal Writers’ Project.
Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
 Hirschkop, Ken. Mikhail Bakhtin: An Aesthetic for Democracy. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1999.
 Holmes, Richard. Shelley: The Pursuit. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1975.
 Homberger, Eric. American Writers and Radical Politics, 1900-1939. London:
Macmillan, 1986.
 Horne, Gerald. Paul Robeson: The Artist as Revolutionary. London: Pluto Press, 2016.
 Horowtiz, Benjamin. Images of Dignity: The Drawings of Charles White. Los Angeles,
CA: Ward Ritchie Press, 1967.
 Israel, Matthew. Kill for Peace: American Artists Against the Vietnam War. Austin, TX:
University of Texas Press, 2013.
 James, C.L.R. Mariners, Renegades and Castaways: The Story of Herman Melville and the
World We Live In. Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College Press/University Press of New
England, 2001 (1953).
 James, C.L.R. Beyond a Boundary. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2013 (1963).
 Jameson, Fredric. Marxism and Form: Twentieth-Century Dialectical Theories of
Literature. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1971.
 Jameson, Fredric. The Prison-House of Language: A Critical Account of Structuralism and
Russian Formalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1972.
 Jameson, Fredric. Late Marxism, or, The Persistence of the Dialectic. London: Verso,
1990.

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 Jameson, Fredric. Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Durham,
NC: Duke University Press, 1991.
 Jameson, Fredric. Archaeologies of the Future: The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science
Fictions. London: Verso, 2005.
 Jameson, Fredric. Valences of the Dialectic. London: Verso, 2009.
 Jameson, Fredric. The Antinomies of Realism. London: Verso, 2013.
 Jennings, Michael W., Brigid Doherty, and Thomas Y. Levin, eds. The Work of Art in
the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility, and Other Writings on Media. Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press, 2008.
 Jerome, Victor Jeremy. Culture in a Changing World: A Marxist Approach. New York:
New Century Publications, 1947.
 Johnson, Abby Arthur and Ronald Maberry Johnson. Propaganda and Aesthetics: The
Literary Politics of Afro-American Magazines in the Twentieth Century. Amherst, MA:
University of Massachusetts Press, 1979.
 Johnson, Mark Dean. At Work: The Art of California Labor. San Francisco, CA:
California Historical Society Press (in conjunction with Heyday Books, San Francisco
State University, and the California Labor Federation, AFL-CIO), 2003.
 Johnson, Pauline. Marxist Aesthetics: The Foundations within Everyday Life for an
Emancipated Consciousness. New York: Routledge, 2011 (1984).
 Kammen, Michael. Robert Gwathmey: The Life and Art of a Passionate Observer. Chapel
Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.
 Kaplan, Ilee and Carol A. Wells, eds. (catalogue) Peace Press Graphics: Art in the
Pursuit of Social Change. Long Beach, CA: University Art Museum, California State
University, Long Beach, 2011.
 Karatani, Kojin (Sabu Kohso, tr. and Michael Speaks, ed.) Architecture as Metaphor:
Language, Number, Money. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995.
 Katz, Harry L., ed. (with essays by Bernard F. Reilly, Jr. and Garnett McCoy) Life of
the People: Realist Prints and Drawings from the Ben and Beatrice Goldstein Collection,
1912-1948. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1999.
 Kennedy, Roger G. (with David Larkin). When Art Worked: The New Deal, Art, and
Democracy. New York: Rizzoli, 2009.
 Kent, George E. A Life of Gwendolyn Brooks. Lexington, KY: University Press of
Kentucky, 1990.
 Kiernan, Victor. Shakespeare: Poet and Citizen. London: Verso, 1993.
 Kirschke, Amy Helene. Aaron Douglas: Art, Race, and the Harlem Renaissance. Jackson,
MS: University Press of Mississippi, 1995.

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 Klingender, Francis D. Marxism and Modern Art: An approach to Social Realism.
London: International Publishers, 1943; (rev. ed. Benjamin Farrington) London:
Lawrence & Wishart, 1975.
 Kunzle, David. The Murals of Revolutionary Nicaragua, 1979-1992. Berkeley. CA:
University of California Press, 1995.
 Lampert, Nicolas. A People’s Art History of the United States. New York: The New
Press, 2013.
 Lane, John R. (catalogue) Stuart Davis: Art and Art Theory. New York: Brooklyn
Museum, 1978.
 Lang, Berel and Forrest Williams, eds. Marxism & Art: Writings in Aesthetics and
Criticism. New York: Longman, 1972.
 Langa, Helen. Radical Art: Printmaking and the Left in 1930s New York. Berkeley, CA:
University of California Press, 2004.
 Lee, Anthony. Painting on the Left: Diego Rivera, Radical Politics, and San Francisco’s
Public Murals. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1999.
 Lefalle-Collins, Lizetta and Shifra M. Goldman. In the Spirit of Resistance: African-
American Modernists and the Mexican Muralist School. New York: American Federation
of Arts, 1996.
 Levine, Ira A. Left-Wing Dramatic Theory in the American Theatre. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI
Research Press, 1985.
 Lieberman, Robbie. My Song Is My Weapon: People’s Songs, American Communism, and
the Politics of Culture, 1930-50. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1989.
 Lipsitz, George. Labor at Midnight: Labor and Culture in the 1940s. Urbana, IL:
University of Illinois Press, 1994.
 Liu, Kang. Aesthetics and Marxism: Chinese Aesthetic Marxists and Their Western
Contemporaries. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000.
 Lukács, Georg (Anna Bostock, tr.) The Theory of the Novel: A historico-philosophical
essay on the forms of great epic literature. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1971 (Berlin: P.
Cassirer, 1920).
 Lukács, Georg (Rodney Livingstone, ed.) Essays on Realism. Cambridge, MA: MIT
Press, 1981.
 Lumsdaine, Jocelyn Pang and Thomas O’Sullivan (catalogue) The Prints of Adolf
Dehn: A Catalogue Raisonné. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1987.
 Mangione, Jerre. The Dream and the Deal: The Federal Writers’ Project, 1935–1943.
Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1972.
 Marcuse, Herbert (Erica Sherover, tr.) The Aesthetic Dimension: Toward a Critique of
Marxist Aesthetics. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1978.

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 Margolin, Victor. The Struggle for Utopia: Rodchenko, Lissitzky, Moholy-Nagy. Chicago,
IL: University of Chicago Press, 1997.
 Martin, Susan. Decade of Protest: Political Posters From the United States, Vietnam, Cuba,
1965-1975. Santa Monica, CA: Track 16 Gallery/Smart Art Press, 1996.
 Maxwell, William J. New Negro, Old Left: African American Writing and Communism
Between the Wars. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.
 McCaughan, Edward J. Art and Social Movements: Cultural Politics in Mexico and
Aztlán. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2012.
 McKinzie, Richard D. The New Deal for Artists. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
Press, 1975.
 Meltzer, Milton. Violins and Shovels: The WPA Arts Projects. New York: Delacorte,
1976.
 Mesch, Claudia. Art and Politics: A Small History of Art for Social Change since 1945.
London: I.B. Tauris & Co., 2013.
 Moore, James C. (catalogue) Harry Sternberg: A Catalogue Raisonné of his Graphic Work.
Edwin A. Ulrich Museum of Art/Wichita, KS: Wichita State University, 1975.
 Morgan, Stacy I. Rethinking Social Realism: African American Art and Literature, 1930-
1953. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2004.
 Morris, William (A.L. Morton, ed.) Political Writings of William Morris. International
Publishers, 1973.
 Morris, William (Norman Kelvin, ed.) William Morris on Art and Socialism. Mineola,
NY: Dover, 1999.
 Mullen, Bill V. Popular Fronts: Chicago and African-American Cultural Politics, 1935-46.
Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1999.
 Murphy, James. The Proletarian Moment: The Controversy over Leftism in Literature.
Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1991.
 Musher, Sharon Ann. Democratic Art: The New Deal’s Influence on American Culture.
Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2015.
 Muyumba, Walton M. The Shadow and the Act: Black Intellectual Practice, Jazz
Improvisation, and Philosophical Pragmatism. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press,
2009.
 Nekola, Charlotte and Paula Rabinowitz, eds. Writing Red: An Anthology of American
Women Writers, 1930-1940. New York: Feminist Press, 1987.
 Nesbett, Peter T. and Michelle DuBois. Jacob Lawrence: Paintings, Drawings, and
Murals (1935-1999)—A Catalogue Raisonné. Seattle, WA: University of Washington
Press, in association with Jacob Lawrence Catalogue Raisonné Project, 2000; and

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 Nesbett, Peter T. and Michelle DuBois, eds. Over the Line: The Art and Life of Jacob
Lawrence. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, in association with Jacob
Lawrence Catalogue Raisonné Project, 2000.
 Neurath, Marie and Robin Kinross. The Transformer: Principles of Making Isotype
Charts. London: Hyphen Press, 2009.
• Neurath, Otto. International Picture Language. London. Kegan Paul, 1936.
 Noriega, Chon A., ed. Just Another Poster? Chicano Graphic Arts in California. Santa
Barbara, CA: University Art Museum, University of California at Santa
Barbara/Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2001.
 O’Connor, Francis V., ed. Art for the Millions: Essays from the 1930s by Artists and
Administrators of the WPA Federal Art Project. Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic
Society, 1977.
 Ongiri, Amy Abugo. Spectacular Blackness: The Cultural Politics of the Black Power
Movement and the Search for a Black Aesthetic. Charlottesville, VA: University of
Virginia Press, 2009.
 Park, Marlene and Gerald E. Markowitz. Democratic Vistas: Post Offices and Public Art
in the New Deal. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1984.
 Pells, Richard H. Radical Visions and American Dreams: Culture and Social Thought in the
Depression Years. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1984.
 Platt, Susan N. Art and Politics in the 1930’s—Americanism, Marxism & Modernism: a
history of cultural activism during the Depression years. New York: Midmarch Arts
Press, 1999.
 Pohl, Frances K. Ben Shahn: New Deal Artist in a Cold War Climate, 1947-1954. Austin,
TX: University of Texas Press, 1989.
 Pohl, Frances K. Ben Shahn. Chesterfield, MA: Chameleon Books, 1993.
 Prawer, Siegbert Salomon. Karl Marx and World Literature. Oxford, UK: Clarendon,
1976.
 Prescott, Kenneth W. (catalogue) Jack Levine—Retrospective Exhibition: Paintings,
Drawings, Graphics. New York: Jewish Museum, 1978.
 Puchner, Martin. Poetry of the Revolution: Marx, Manifestos, and the Avant-Gardes.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005.
 Quinn, Susan. Furious Improvisation: How the WPA and a Cast of Thousands Made High
Art out of Desperate Times. New York: Walker & Co., 2008.
 Rabinowitz, Paula. Labor and Desire: Women’s Revolutionary Fiction in Depression
America. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1991.
 Rampersad, Arnold. The Life of Langston Hughes, 2 vols. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1986-88.

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 Rampersad, Arnold. The Art and Imagination of W.E.B. Du Bois. Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1990 (1976).
 Randall, Dudley, ed. Black Poetry: A Supplement to Anthologies Which Exclude Black
Poets. Detroit, MI: Broadside Press, 1969.
 Randall, Dudley, ed. The Black Poets: A New Anthology. New York: Bantam Books,
1971.
 Rideout, Walter B. The Radical Novel in the United States, 1900-1954. Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1956.
 Rochfort, Desmond. Mexican Muralists: Orozco, Rivera, Siqueiros. San Francisco, CA:
Chronicle Books, 1998 (1994).
 Rose, Margaret A. Marx’s Lost Aesthetic: Karl Marx and the Visual Arts. Cambridge,
UK: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
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Elizabeth Catlett’s “Homage to My Young Black Sisters,” 1968

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