Council of Science Editors Citation and Bibliography Guide

In-text Citations
In-text references should immediately follow the title, word, or phrase to which they are
directly relevant, rather than appearing at the end of long clauses or sentences. In-text citations
should always precede punctuation marks.

Name-Year (N-Y) system

One author: (Lachica 2017)

Two authors: (Besoro and Tagupa 2015)
More than two authors: (Sendaydiego et al. 2010)

Example:
By contrast, the several antisera that have been raised against Sp1, a defined
RNA polymerase II transcription factor (Kadonaga 1986), stain the nucleus exclusively…

No author: Use the title (for long titles, use the first few words followed by an ellipsis)

Example:
Top fields of study for international students are business and engineering,
followed by physical and life sciences, math and computer science, and social sciences
(Open Doors… 2010)

No date: Use the year of access (if online), or [date unknown] (if print sources)

Example: (Villaluz [date unknown])

Note: If you mention the author in the running text of your paper, include only the year in the
parenthetical citation.

Example:
This conclusion is supported by Saab and Sinco (2016), who found that…

Bibliography
It is located at the end of the document or book and contains all the bibliographic
information needed to find out more about each cited source within the text.

 Entries are arranged alphabetically, last name first.

 No commas are used to offset the author’s last name from his or her initials, no space
separates the first and middle initials, and periods do not, in general, follow initials.
 Titles of periodicals (newspapers, journals, magazines) are capitalized as they normally
are. Book titles and article titles have only the first word of the title (and of any
subtitles), as well as proper nouns, capitalized. Obvious exceptions are capitalized
abbreviations and symbols (e.g. HIV-1, DDAVP, pH).

BOOKS

Important elements:
 Author (last name and initials only for the first and middle names)
 Title (capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle, and proper nouns)
 Place of publication
 Publisher
  Publication date
 Number of pages

Book by a single author

Sherman C. 2001. The invisible Web: Uncovering information sources search engines can’t see.
Medford, NJ: CyberAge Books, Information Today; 439p.

Book by two or more authors

Voet D, Voet JG. 1990. Biochemistry. New York: J Wiley. 1223p.

Book with editors

Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P, editors. 1990. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics.
8th ed. New York: Pergamon. 1811p.

Chapter within a book

Kuret JA, Murad F. 1990. Adenohypophyseal hormones and related substances. In: Gilman AG,
Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P, editors. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 8 th ed. New
York: Pergamon. p1334-60.

Dissertation
Anders A. 2008. Effects of large-scale climate on avian population dynamics across species’
North American breeding distributions [dissertation]. [University Park, (PA)]: Pennsylvania
State University.

ARTICLES FROM PERIODICALS

Important elements:
 Author (last name, initials only for the first and middle names; list all names for up to 10
authors; if it exceeds, use et al. or and others)
 Title of article (capitalize only the first word of title and subtitle, and proper nouns)
 Title of publication abbreviated (if possible, use ISO abbreviations used by PubMed)
 Date of publication of article (year only for scholarly journals; year and month for
magazines; year, month, and day for daily newspaper publications)
 Volume and issue number
 Page number of the article

Article in a scholarly journal

Cox J, Engstrom RT. 2001. Influence of the spatial pattern of conserved lands on the persistence
of a large population of red-cockaded woodpeckers. Biol Conserv. 100(1): 137-150.

Article in Conference Proceedings

Lee DJ, Bates D, Dromey C, Xu X, Antani S. c2003. An imaging system correlating lip shapes with
tongue contact patterns for speech pathology research. In: Krol M, Mitra S, Lee DJ, editors.
CBMS 2003. Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems;
2003 Jun 26-27; New York, Los Alaminos (CA): IEEE Computer Society; p307-313.

Technical Report
Feller BA. 1981. Health characteristics of persons with chronic activity limitation, United States,
1979. Hyattsville (MD): National Center for Health Statistics (US); Report No.: VHS-SER-
10/137. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA: PB88-228622.

Article in a magazine (include volume no. if given)

Losos JB. 2001 Mar. Evolution: A lizard’s tale. Sci Am. 284(3): 64-69.
Article in a daily newspaper
Yoon CK. 2000 Dec 26. DNA clues improve outlook for red wolf. New York Times. Sect. F:10 (col.
1).

INTERNET SOURCES
Simply listing a URL is not sufficient; all the publication information should also be
listed.

Important elements:
 All of the publication information (see Print information, above)
 Add [Internet] after the article or book title
 Add [date cited] after the date of publication
 Add Available from: [url] after pages

Online article
Savage E, Ramsay M, White J, Beard S, Lawson H, Hunjan R, Brown D. 2005. Mumps outbreaks
across England and Wales in 2004: Observational study. BMJ [Internet]. [cited 2007 May
31]; 330(7500): 1119-1120. Available from:
http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/reprint/330/7500/1119 doi: 10.1136/bmj.330.7500.119

Online Book
Griffiths AJF, Miller JH, Suzuki DT, Lewontin RC, Gelbart WM. c2000. Introduction to genetic
analysis [Internet]. 7th ed. New York (NY): W.H. Freeman & Co.; [cited 2005 May 31].
Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=iga.

WEBSITES

Important elements
 Title of website
 Place of publication and publisher
 Date of publication and date of last update (if relevant)
 Date you accessed the information (date cited)
 URL (web address) of the site

Homepage
APSnet: Plant pathology online [Internet]. c1994-2005. St. Paul (MN): American
Phytopathological Association: [cited 2005 Jun 20]. Available from: http://www.apsnet.org.

Database
IMGT/HLA Sequence Database [Internet]. 2003-Release 2.9.0. Cambridge (England): European
Bioinformatics Institute. [updated 2005 Jun 1; cited 2005 Jun 22]. Available from:
http://www.cbi.ac.uk/imgt/hla/.

Reference:

The Pennsylvania State University Libraries: CSE quick citation guide [Internet]. c2012-2013.
The Pennsylvania State University: [cited 2013 Jun 19]. Available from:
http://www.libraries.psu.edu/psul/lls/students/cse_citation.html.