COARSE

AGGREGATE

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 BRAHMA

INTRODUCTION:-
Aggregate are the important constituent in
concrete. Aggregate are granular material, derived
from the most part from the natural rocks, crushed
stones, or natural gravels and sands.

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Aggregate generally occupy about 70% to 80% of
the volume of concrete and can therefore be
expected to have an important influence on it
properties.

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CLASSIFICATION OF
AGGREGATE:-
a)CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SIZE:
>Coarse aggregate:
Aggregate which retained on the No.4 (4.75mm) sieve.
The function of the coarse aggregate is to act as the main
loadbearing component of the concrete.
>Fine aggregate:
Aggregate passing No.4(4.75mm) sieve and
predominately retained on the No.200 (75µ) sieve. The fine

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 aggregate serve the purpose of filling all the open space in
between the coarse particles.
b)CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SOURCE:
>Natural aggregates:
This kind of aggregate is taken from natural deposits
without changing their nature during the process production
such as crushing and grinding.
>Manufactured (synthetics) aggregates:

concrete.

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 This is a kind of man-made materials produced as a main
product or an industrial by-product. Some example are blast
furnace slag, air cooled slag and broken bricks. Synthetics
aggregates are produced by thermally processed materials such
as expanded clay and shale used for making light weight
c)CLASSIFICATION BASED ON UNIT WEIGHT:
Aggregates are classified as Light-weight, Heavy-weight
and Normal-weight aggregate depending on weight and specific
gravity.

AGGREGATE SPECIFIC UNIT WEIGHT BULK DENSITY EXAMPLE

GRAVITY (kN/m3) (kN/m3)

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normal-weight 2.5-2.7 23-26 15.20-16.80 sand

heavy-weight 2.8-2.9 25-29 >20.80 Scrap iron

light-weight 12 <11.20 dolomite

d)CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SHAPE:

The shape of aggregates is an important characteristic,
since it affect the workability of concrete.

CLASSIFICATION EXAMPLE

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Rounded River or seashore gravels

Partly rounded Pit sands & Gravels

Angular Crushed Rocks

Flaky Laminated rocks

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FLAT ELONGATED

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 ANGULAR ROUND
e)CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SUFACE TEXTURE:
Surface texture is a measure of the smoothness and
roughness of aggregate. The grouping of aggregate is broad and
is based on visual examination of the specimen. As per IS:383-

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1970 the aggregates are classified into five groups, namely,
Glassy, Smooth, Granular, Crystalline, Honeyco mbed and
Porous.
CLASSIFICATION EXAMPLES

Glassy Black flint

Smooth Gravel, Marble

Granular Sandstone

Rough Basalt

Crystalline Granite

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Honeycombed & Porous Brick, slag

SMOOTH ROUGH

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GOOD QUALITYIES OF AN IDEAL AGGREGATE:
An ideal aggregate used for the manufacturing of
concrete and mortar, should meet the following
requirements.
• (1) It should consist of natural stones, gravels and sand or
in various combinations of these materials.
• (2) It should be hard, strong and durable.
• (3) It should be dense, clear and free from any coating.
• (4) It should be free from injurious vegetable matters.
• (5) It should not contain flaky (angular) and elongated
pieces.
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• (6) It should not contain any material liable to attack steel
reinforcement in case of reinforced concrete.

TESTS ON AGGREGATE:-
The test usually conducted on coarse aggregates are
>PARTICLE SIZE
>FLAKINESS &ELONGATION INDEX
>MOISTURE CONTENT
>SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION
>TEN PERCENT FINE VALUE
>AGGREGATE CRUSHING VALUE
>AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE
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> AGGREGATE ABRASION VALUE

IMPACT VALUE TEST

The aggregate impact value gives a relative measure of the
resistance of an aggregate to sudden shock or impact. The
impact value is some times used as an alternative to its
crushing value.
Material passing 12.5mm and retained on 10mm sieve is
taken.

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AGGREGATE CRUSHING
VALUE:-
The aggregate crushing value gives a relative measure of
resistance of an aggregate to crushing under a gradually
applied compressive load. The aggregate crushing strength
value is useful factor to know the behavior of aggregates
when subjected to wear.

CRUSHING VALUE=weight of fraction passing the sieve

total weight of sample
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AGGREGATE ABRASION
VALUE:-
The aggregate abrasion value gives a relative measure of
resistance of an aggregate to wear when it is rotated in a
cylinder along with some abrasive charge

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SIEVE ANALYSIS

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Sieve analysis is also called as Particle size value.

In determination of the proportions of the particles with in certain

ranges in an aggregate by separation on various sieves of different
size openings, may be defined as sieve analysis.

FINENESS MODULUS= cumulative % of agg retained on each sieve

100

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 SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF AGG.
)
Sp.Gr.= Weight of Agg. (WA

Weight of an equal volume of water (VA*ρw)

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 A A
ρ Density of
Agg. ρ
W
= =
VA*ρw w Density of Water

Sp.Gr. is used in certain computations for concrete mix design or

control work, such as, absolute volume of aggregate in concrete. It
is not a measure of the quality of aggregate.

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FLAKINESS & ELONGATION
INDEX
FLAKINESS INDEX= weight of particle passing through the gauge
weight of sample

ELONGATION INDEX=weight of particle retained on length gauge

weight of sample

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THANK YOU 27