Title Author Material Methods Conclusion

Investigation on Toriq Aziz Salim, Crushed Polyvinyl The preparations of specimen
the Influence of Nor Haslinda Tarpaulin, cement, was made from five different
Non-Degradable Abas, Shahiron water, sand, gravel groups, as crushed polyvinyl
Polyvinyl Shahidan, tarpaulin, was proportioned to the
Tarpaulin in Rafikullah cement’s percent by weight in kg,
Concrete Mixture Deraman, such as 5% to 95%, 10%to 90%,
Muhammad Fikri 15% to 85%, 20% to 80%, 25%
Hasmori, to 75% and 30% to 70%,
Sasitharan respectively. Crushed polyvinyl
Nagapan1, Tong tarpaulin was used based on the
Yean Ghing, Nor cement’s percent by weight in kg.
Ain Abas The polyvinyl tarpaulin was
crushed and added to cements,
Daya CMT Sdn sand and gravel in concrete mix
Bhd, Plot 81, design of 30 MPa using DOE
Lebuhraya method. Crushed polyvinyl
Kampung Jawa, tarpaulin was used based on the
11900 Bayan cement’s percent by weight in kg.
Lepas, Penang, The slump test was conducted
Malaysia after the concrete is mixed. The
(October 2018) concrete mix was poured in cubic
mold, measuring 100 mm x 100
mm x 100 mm and tamped by
layer with the use of rod. The
specimen
formed was cured in water for 7
and 28 days, respectively. The
specimen was subjected for
testing on the hydraulic press
after curing and its compressive
strength was recorded.
Based on workability result, all of
fresh concrete mix yield medium
value of slump and indicate the
concrete mix are medium in
workability. This is proven by
previous research which are the
workability of concrete with
incorporated polymer fiber will be
more viscous and lowered the
workability of the concrete.
Meanwhile for compressive
strength results, it could be seen
that the value of compressive
strength of concrete mixes increase
with time but decrease with the
increment amount of crushed
polyvinyl tarpaulin added into the
concrete mixes. The highest value
of compressive strength test was
obtained by 5% incorporated
crushed polyvinyl tarpaulin in
concrete mixes and the least
strength incorporated by 30% of
crushed polyvinyl tarpaulin. This
contradicts the previous research,
for example research conducted
which show the influence of
polymer fiber in increasing the
compressive strength of concrete
mixture at the minimum value
added in the concrete mixture from
the early age of the concrete until
matured age of the concrete. In
conclusion, the results of the
compressive strength test of
 concrete mixes with influence of
crushed polyvinyl tarpaulin showed
that the mixture was not able to
withstand high load.
Title Author Materials Methods Conclusion
Polymer Modified Shrikant Mishra Polymer Composites, 1. The concrete mix M30 will be This paper describes the results of
Concrete - A and R.K. cement, water, sand, investigated in the subsequent a theoretical study performed to
Theoretical Chaturvedi, basalt aggregate. study gain insight into the performance of
Review 2. It will be prepared with polymer modified concrete and its
PG Scholar standard 43 grade Portland mechanism. Durther experimental
(Structural cement and polymers which are studies are needed to find the
Engr.), Asst. conformed to Indian standards. optimum dosage of PVA polymer
Professor, 3. Continuously graded crushed that influences the mechanical and
Department of basalt aggregate with nominal structural properties of concrete in
Civil particle size of 20 mm will be the best possible way. These
used. experimental studies will help us in
Engineering,
4. Well graded quartzite sand, studying the effect of polymers in
Millennium
with a fineness modulus of 2.74, concrete and to prepare a
Institute of comparative index. The mechanical
will be employed.
Technology and properties, such as compressive
5. The relative density values of
Science, Bhopal, strength and the influence of a
the coarse aggregate and sand
India cross-linking agent need to be
to be used are 2.90 and 2.56,
(June 2016) and their absorption rates are thoroughly investigated in these
0.8% and 1%, respectively. cases.
6. All concrete mixes will be
prepared in batches in a rotating
planetary mixer.
7. The batching sequence will
consist of homogenizing the sand
and coarse aggregate for 30
seconds, and then adding about
half of the mixing water into the
mixer and continuing to mix for
one more minute.
8. The mixer is to be covered
with plastic bags to minimize the
 evaporation of the mixing water
and to let the dry aggregates in
the mixer absorb the water.
9. After 5 minutes, the cement
and polymer will be added and
mixed for another minute.
Title Author Materials Methods Conclusion
Properties of Ioana ION, José Methylcellulose (0.2% , Methylcellulose - MC, epoxy Polyurethane is not recommended
Polymer Modified BARROSO 0.6%) by weight of resin and polyurethane, added to to be used in concrete
Concrete in AGUIAR, cement, fresh concrete mixtures. Polymer compositions. Mixtures containing
Fresh and Nicolae Epoxy resin (1%, 5% , solubility in water is mainly methylcellulose show a satisfying
Hardened State ANGELESCU, 10%) by weight of determined by the viscosity of the workability, but do not get
Darius cement, solution. They are dissolved in mechanical resistance, as
STANCIU, Polyurethane 10% by water according to the dosage expected.
weight of cement. recommended by the Methylcellulose and polyurethane
Valahia manufacturer. It was found that at do not lead to spectacular
University of Cement, sand and room temperature all solutions of development of hardened concrete
Targoviste, water. polymers form transparent and compressive resistance. The same
Romania, stable films. It has been conclusion can be drawn also from
(April 2013) established as standard samples microscopic investigations of this
of cement paste to have the ratio mixture. Higher flexural strength
w/ c = 0.4 Polymers concrete was superior to ordinary
were added in the following concrete for all the PMC mixtures,
proportions: resulting that the polymer, by its
- Methylcellulose - 0.2% and nature, improves the elasticity of
0.6% by weight of cement, material.
- Epoxy resin - 1%, 5% and 10%
by weight of cement,
- Polyurethane - 10% by weight
of cement.
Were made also investigations
on both micro and polymer
compositions containing the
standard composition.
Title Author Materials Methods Conclusion
A Study on Use Brajesh Mishra, Plastic waste Cement Concrete Mix M20 was It can be utilized as constructional
of Plastic Waste Ravi Shanker (modifier), recycled chosen for analysis. The raw materials in cement concrete. It can
Aggregate as Mishra, plastic coarse material were mixed in specified be used as a coarse aggregate
Partial aggregates, natural proportion of 1:1.5:3 (1 cement : replacement in cement concrete
Replacement of M. Tech., coarse aggregate, 1.5 coarse sand : 3 stone also giving a eco-friendly solution
Natural Coarse Assistant cement, water and aggregate of 20 mm nominal for safe disposal of plastic waste.
Aggregate in Engineer, U.P. aggregates. size) and suitable water with There was not any appreciable
Cement Concrete Cane adopting water cement ratio as change in mechanical properties of
Mix Development 0.50. The experiment were recycled plastic coarse aggregate
Department, conducted replacing natural (RPCA) concrete as compared to
Lucknow, India coarse aggregate (NCA) with conventional concrete up to 20%
(November recycled plastic coarse plastic content. The decrease in dry
2018) aggregate (RPCA) of 20 mm density of modified concrete is due
nominal size. The samples were to the result of the low density of
prepared in various proportions. added plastic material and the
The mixing of various ingredients average decrease was around
were done in a proper manner 32%. By producing light weight
and a homogeneous mixture was concrete with use of recycled
obtained with proper coating of plastic coarse aggregate (RPCA)
cement on the aggregates. there will be
Suitable numbers of cubes of reduction in cost of raw materials
concrete in suitable mould size and minimization of disposal of
(15cmx15cmx15cm) were made polymer waste. Due to decrease in
and cured for specified thermal conductivity of concrete by
temperature and time. The use of recycled plastic aggregate it
compressive strength of various can be used for thermal insulation
samples were tested by work of buildings.
compression machine.
Title Author Materials Methods
USE OF WASTE BISWANATH Aggregates,Bituminou 1) Required quantities of coarse
POLYETHYLENE PRUSTY s Binder, Mineral Filler, aggregate, fine aggregate &
IN BITUMINOUS (108CE036) Polythene mineral fillers were
CONCRETE taken in an iron pan.
MIXES 2) This was kept in an oven at
temperature 1600C for 2 hours.
This is because the
aggregate and bitumen are to be
mixed in heated state so
preheating is required.
3) The bitumen was also heated
up to its melting point prior to the
mixing.
4) The required amount of
shredded polythene was weighed
and kept in a separate
container.
5) The aggregates in the pan
were heated on a controlled gas
stove for a few
minutes maintaining the above
temperature.
6) The polythene was added to
the aggregate and was mixed for
2 minutes.
7) Now bitumen (60 gm), i.e. 5%
was added to this mix and the
whole mix was
stirred uniformly and
homogenously. This was
continued for 15-20 minutes till
they were properly mixed which
was evident from the uniform
colour throughout
the mix.
Conclusion
From the study of the behaviour of
polythene modified BC it was found
that the
modified mix possesses improved
Marshall Characteristics as
mentioned below.
It is observed that Marshall stability
value increases with polyethylene
content upto 4% and
thereafter decreases. we observe
that the marshall flow value
decreases upon addition of
polythene i.e the resistance to
deformations under heavy wheel
loads increases. Also the
values of the parameters like VMA,
VA, VFB are within the required
specifications.
Considering these factors we can
assure that we can obtain a more
stable and durable
mix for the pavements by polymer
modifications. This small
investigation not only utilizes
beneficially, the waste non-
degradable plastics but also
provides us an improved pavement
with better strength and longer life
period. In this modification process
plastics-waste is coated over
aggregate. This increases the
surface area of contact at the
interface and ensures better
bonding between aggregate and
bitumen. The polymer coating also
8) Then the mix was transferred
to a casting mould.
9) This mix was then compacted
by the Marshall Hammer. The
specification of this
hammer, the height of release
etc. are given in Table – 4.1.
10) 75 no. Of blows were given
per each side of the sample so
subtotal of 150 no. of
blows was given per sample.
11) Then these samples with
moulds were kept separately and
marked
reduces the void spaces present in
the mix. This prevents
the moisture absorption and
oxidation of bitumen by entrapped
air. The road can withstand
heavy traffic and show better
service life. This study will have a
positive impact on the
environment as it will reduce the
volume of plastic waste to be
disposed off by incineration. and
land filling. It will not only add value
to plastic waste but will develop a
technology,
which is eco-friendly.