THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT

CONGRESS

1. COMPOSITION, QUALIFICATION AND TERM OF OFFICE

a. Senate
b. House of Representatives
Macias v. Comelec, 3 SCRA 1 (1961)
Tan v. Comelec, 142 SCRA 727 (1986)
Veterans Fed. Party v. Comelec, G.R. 136781, October 06, 2000
Bagong Bayani v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147589, June 26, 2001
Aquino v. Comelec, 248 SCRA 400 (1995)
Marcos vs. Comelec, 248 SCRA 300 (1995)
Torayno vs. Comelec, G.R. 137329, August 09, 2000

2. ELECTION
a. Regular Election
b. Special Election

3. ORGANIZATIONS AND SESSIONS

a. Election of Officers
Santiago v. Guingona, G.R. 134577, November 18, 1998
b. Quorum
Avelino vs. Cuenco, 83 Phil. 17 (1949)
c. Rules of Proceeding
Pacete vs. Comm. On Appointments, 40 SCRA 58 (1971)
Arroyo vs. De Venecia, G.R. 127255, August 14, 1997
d. Discipline of members
Alejandrino v. Quezon, 46 Phil. 83 (1924)
Osmena vs. Pendatun, 109 Phil. 863 (1960)
Santiago vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. 126055, April 19, 2001
De Venecia vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 130240, Feb. 05, 2002
e. Journal and Record
 1. The Enrolled Bill Theory
Casco Chemical Co. vs. Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347 (1963)
2. Probative Value of the Journal
United States vs. Pons, 34 Phil. 729 (1916)
3. Matters to be entered in the Journal
4. Journal Entry Rule vs. Enrolled Bill Theory
5. Congressional Record

f. Session
1. Regular Sessions
2. Special Sessions
3. Joint Sessions

4. SALARIES, PRIVILEGES AND DISQUALIFICATIONS

a. Salaries
Philconsa vs. Mathay, 18 SCRA 300 (1966)
Ligot vs. Mathay, 56 SCRA 823 (1974)
b. Freedom from Arrest
People vs. Jalosjos, G.R. 132875, February 03, 2000
c. Speech and Debate Clause
Jimenez vs. Cabangbang 17 SCRA 876 (1966)
d. Disqualifications
Adaza vs. Pacana, Jr. 135 SCRA 431 (1985)
Puyat vs. De Gusman, 113 SCRA 31 (1982)
e. Duty to Disclose

5. ELECTORAL TRIBUNALS
Abbas vs. SET, 166 SCRA 651 (1988)
Bondoc vs. Pineda, 201 SCRA 792 (1991)
Codilla vs. De Vinecia, G.R. 150605, December 10, 2002
Pimentel v. HRET, G.R. No. 141489, November 29, 2002

6. COMMISSION ON APPOINTMENTS
Daza v. Singson, 180 SCRA 496 (1989)
 Coseteng v. Mitra, Jr. 187 SCRA 377 (1990)
Guingona vs. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789 (1992)

7. POWERS OF CONGRESS
a. General Plenary Powers
b. Limitations on the legislative Power
1. Substantive limitations
2. Procedural limitations

8. LEGISLATIVE PROCESS
A. Requirements As To Bills
1. As to titles of bills
Tio vs. Videogram Regulatory Board, 151 SCRA 208
Lidasan vs. Comelec, 21 SCRA 479 (1967)
Cruz vs. Paras, 123 SCRA 106 (1994)
Tobias vs. Abalos, 239 SCRA 106 (1994)

2. Requirements as to certain laws

a. Appropriation laws
Demetria v. Alba, 148 SCRA 208 (1987)
Guingona vs. Caraque, 196 SCRA 221 (1991)
Philconsa vs. Enriquez, G.R. No. 113105, August 19, 1994
b. Tax laws
Tolentino vs. Sec. of Finance, G.R. 115455, August 25, 1994
Lung Center vs. Q.C., G.R.No. 144104, June 29, 2004
Tan vs. Del Rosario, 237 SCRA 324 (2000)
Garcia vs. Executive Secretary, 211 SCRA 219 (1992)
John Hay PAC v. Lim, G.R. No. 119775, October 24, 2003
c. Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
Fabian v. Desierto, G.R. No. 129742, September 16, 1998

b. Procedure for the passage of bills

Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, supra
Philconsa v. Enriquez, supra
 Gonzales v. Macaraig, G.R. No. 87636, Nov. 19, 1990
Bengzon vs. Drilon, 208 SCRA 133 (1992)
Miller vs. Mardo, 2 SCRA 898 (1961)

c. Effectivity of Laws
Tanada vs. Tuvera, 136 SCRA 27 (1985)
Executive Order No. 200, June 18, 1987

d. Question Hour

e. Legislative investigation
Arnault vs. Nazareno, 87 Phil. 29 (1950)
Arnault vs. Balagtas, 97 Phil. 358 (1955)
Bengzon vs. Sen. Blue Ribbon Comm., 203 SCRA 767 (1991)
Senate v. Ermita, G.R. No. 169777, April 20, 2006
Sabio v. Gordon, G.R. No. 174340, October 17, 2006
Neri vs. Senate, G.R. No. 180643, March 25, 2008

9. OTHER POWERS:
a. Act as board of canvassers for presidential election
Pimentel v. Joint Com., G.R. 163783, June 22, 2004
b. Call a special election for Presidency
c. Decide on disability of the President
d. Legislative veto or extension for habeas corpus or declaration of martial law
e. Presidential Amnesties
f. Concur in treaties
g. Declaration of existence of war
h. Delegation of emergency powers
i. Utilization of natural resources
j. Amendments of constitution
k. Power of Impeachment
THE EXERCISE OF GOVERNMENT POWER

In RE Laureta and Maravilla 148 SCRA 382

INS v Chadha, 462 US 919 (1983)
Arnault v Balagtas, 97 Phil 358 (1955)
Goldwater v Carter, 444 US 996
Garcia v Executive Secretary, 211 SCRA 219
US v Tang Ho 43 Phil 1
Conference v POEA, 243 SCRA 666
Pelaez v Auditor General, 15 SCRA 569
People v Judge Dacuycuy, 173 SCRA 90

G. Structure and Powers of Government

A. The Legislative Branch

Article VI, Philippine Constitution

Powell v McCormack, 395 US 486
Macias v Comelec. 3 SCRA 1
Tan v COMELEC, 142 SCRA 727 (1986)
Banat v Comelec, GR 179271 (2009)
Ang Ladlad v Comelec, GR 190582 (2010)
Walden Bello v Comelec GR 191998 (2010)
Atong Paglaum v Comelec, GR 203766
Aquino v Comelec, 248 SCRA 400 (1995)

Legislative Branch (Organization)

Santiago v Guingona, G.R. 134577, (1998)

Avelino v Cuenco, 83 Phil 17 (1949)
Alejandrino v Quezon, 46 Phil 83 (1924)
De Venecia v SB, G.R. No. 130240 (2002)
Casco Chemical v Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347 (1963)
Philconsa v Mathay, 18 SCRA 300 (1966)
Ligot v Mathay, 56 SCRA 823 (1974)
 People v Jalosjos, G.R. NO. 132875
Adaza v Pacana, 135 SCRA 431 (1985)
Puyat v De Guzman 113 SCRA 31 (1982)
Abbas v SET, 166 SCRA 651 (1988)
Bondoc v Pineda, 201 SCRA 732
Codilla v De Venecia, G.R. 150605 (2002)
Cunanan v Tan 5 SCRA 1 (1962)
Tio v Videogram Regulatory Board, 151 SCRA 208
Araullo v Abad, G.R. 209287 (2014)
Belgica v Ochoa, G.R. 208566 (2013)
ABAKADA Guro v Ermita, G.R. No. 168207 (2005)
Fabian v Desierto, G.R. No. 129742 (1998)
Gonzales v Macaraig, G.R. No. 87636, (1990)
Tanada v Tuvera, 136 SCRA 27 (1985)

Legislative Branch Start of Executive Department

Tan v Del Rosario, 237 SCRA 324 (2000)

Lung Center v QC, G.R. No. 144104 (2004)
First Lepanto Ceramics v CA, 237 SCRA 519 (1994)
Tolentino v Secretary of Finance, G.R. 115455 (1994)
Bengzon v Blue Ribbon Committee, 203 SCRA 767
Senate v Ermita, G.R. 169777 (2006)
Belgica (G.R. 208566, 2013)
Araullo v Abad (G.R. 209287)
Arnault v Balagtas, 97 Phil 358
Article VII, Philippine Constitution
Republic v Sandiganbayan, GR 152154 (2003)
Estrada v Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738 (2001)