Yulanda Puspita Ningrum

LPCM D - D05217022

BLOOM'S TAXONOMY
Every kinds of aspects in human life is continuously developing, education aspects
are no exception. Most recently, 21 century education is very popular among practitioners of
education. Teacher had role to be the source before, teacher provide contents and facts, but
now it is not the same. Students can easily find information through internet. Then how about
teacher's role now? It is not only as source now, but teacher now must help students to know
how to validate information, synthesis information, leverage information, communicate
information, collaborate with information, and problem solve with information
The need of 21st century education now is not contents or facts, but skil1. Therefore
teacher must help students to fulfill their need. Teacher can teach students to think orderly
using bloom's taxonomy. Blooms taxonomy is found by Bloom, Benjamin S. There are three
types of leaming, cognitive, psychometric, and affective. Bloom's taxonomy is related to
cognitive aspect. It is talking about how students should think orderly. There are six levels of
bloom's taxonomy, remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and
creating. Those six level are divided into lower order of thinking and higher order of thinking
Lower order of thinking consists of remembering as the lowest, understanding in the next
level, and applying after that. Higher order of thinking consists of analyzing, upper than
applying, evaluating in the next level, and creating in the top of the level
Every level has different action. Remembering means recognize and recall facts or
figures, some verbs that are commonly used in this level are arrange, define, describe
Understanding means interpret, summary, and explain information. Some verbs that are
commonly used in this level are classify, convert, defend. Applying means implement ideas,
some verbs that are commonly used in this level are change, choose, compute. Analyzing
means breakdown the information to help us understand deeply about the information, some
verbs that are commonly used in this level are appraise, calculate, categorize. Evaluating
means judge and critic information if there is something wrong, some verbs that are
commonly used in this level are choose, compare, conclude. Creating means students plan
and produce new thing
The reasons why teacher must use bloom's taxonomy are: Scale from the easier to
more difficult skills for scaffolding, plan curriculum / identify gaps learning. prepare students
for a successful working future.
 Yulanda Puspita Ningrum
LPCM D - D05217022

FOUR C (4C)
This four skill is still relataed to 21st Century education that requires students to
integrate business community, education leadrer, and policiy maker. Students in 21 st century
needs knowledge economy, networked, global teams, and innovation driven. In the aspect of
education, it can be fulfilled by applying 4C in teaching learning process. Four C stands for
critical thinking, communication, collaboration, creativity.
Critical thingking asks students to analyze, interpret, evaluate, make connection, and
solve problem. Teacher can apply bloom’s taxonomy in this point to accompilish the needs.
The examples of this point applied in the classroom are problem and project based learning.
Project based learning inquries students to search problem identify the reasons and create the
solution in a real action that can really solve the problem. Problem based learning is similiar
with project based learning, the different is the product. If project based learning gives
solution in a real action as a product, problem based learning gives solution that may not be
apllied in a real action. Another activity that can be used in this point is students compare past
live and recent life then make a video presentation and upload it in social media like youtube.
Communication means students need to share information while sharing their opinion,
it also requires students to have listening skill in order to ellaborate their opininion. Examples
of this point inside classroom is by asking studnts to make video production bith directly or
planned. Direct video is like role play but it is recording while planned video is like making
movie. Another example is provide debate activity and or group/pair work discussion
Collaboration requiries students to work others to recieve goal. It needs mutual
respect, compromise, consensus building, and shared responsbility. Activity that can apllied is
classroom is project based learning. The focus of pproject based laerning here is in terms of
collaboration. To solve problem of course students need to work together. In order to achieve
the goal they need to compromise and share jobe each other.
Creativity is dealing with students ability to make something new or repair things that
have been already there to be more innovative. To practice students’ creativity teacher can ask
students to make a future business. If they do not have skill to actualize it, it can be only in
the form of business plan. In simpler activity, teacher can ask students to make their own
scrapbook as assignment that consists of the materials have been learned during the semestre.
 Yulanda Puspita Ningrum
LPCM D - D05217022

LITERACY
Literacy is an activity or activity to further cultivate the movement of reading and also
writing. Commonly literacy is defined only as reading, or raeding and writing but just w few
people define literacy as reading, writing, speaking and listening. The national literacy
defines literacy as the ability to read, write, speak and listen well. A literate person is able to
communicate effectively with others and to understand written information. Literacy is an
action. Literacy is not a generalised ability a person possesses. Literacy is a set of actions and
transitions in which people use reading and writing for personal and social purposes. When
people engage in literate action, they are doing more than encoding or producing text. Like
any social practice, it has a history with a set of expectations and social conventions. A
discourse practice cannot be reduced to a genre or a kind of text; it is a social and rhetorical
situation, in which texts play a specialised role.
The purpose of literacy are :
 Cultivate and develop good character.
 Cultivate and develop a culture of literacy in both schools and the community.
 Can improve their knowledge by reading all kinds of useful information.
 Can also improve one's understanding in taking the essence of a reading.
 Fill time with literacy to make it more useful.
 Give a critical assessment of one's writing.
 Strengthen personality values by reading and writing.
Literacy is the focus of attention across the world, and this is demonstrated in recent
initiatives related to literacy, in the attention paid to measuring levels of literacy and in the
seriousness with which the outcomes from transnational tests are regarded. The two main
reasons for seeing literacy as important are the links with economic stability and individual
well-being.
In attempting to raise standards of literacy, there is a danger that policies can become
too focused and practices too narrow and utilitarian: such embedded interpretations and the
consequent pedagogical approaches can be difficult to shift