WATERSHED MANAGEMENT STUDY OF

MACHHU DAM –III (RAJKOT DIST.) USING

REMOTE SENSING AND GIS
 ABSTRACT SCS-CN Method The submergence area has been superimposed on the
Machhu Dam III is located across Machhu LITERATURE SURVEY Table:1 Classification Of Soil & HSG land use map and number of land submergence classes
River in the Morbi Taluka of Rajkot district. P.Sundar Kumar, Dr.M.J.Ratna Kanth Babu, has been identified. Table:2 Submergence Area
The catchment area of Machhu III lies in Dr.T.V.Praveen,Venkatakumar.vagolu,2010“An
Sr.No Different Classes Soil Type HSG % Area
Sr.No Name Area(H
1 Crop land Fine C 66.86
. a)
Machhu River Basin in Morbi taluka of Rajkot alysis of the Runoff for Watershed Using SCS-CN 2 Fallow land
Clayey
Fine
D
C
56.75
0.02
1 Industrial 28.26
district. This catchment area falls under the Method and Geographic Systems” “Remote Clayey D 0.07

category of sub watershed as per the size

3 Lakes / Ponds Fine C 0.77
2 Kharif+Rabi 268.83
sensing data can serve as land use/land cover, Clayey D 0.69
Crop
(24212 hectare). The study area falls under geomorphology, slope, drainage etc. GIS offers 4 Land with Scrub Fine C 0.00
Clayey D 0.13
3 Kharif Crop 1782.9
220 44’ & 220 56’ and longitude 700 40’ & 700 the potential to increase the degree of definition 5 Land without Scrub Fine C 6.65
5
Clayey D 24.74
59’. Altitude of the catchment area varies of spatial sub-units, in number and in descriptive 6 Mine Dumps / Industrial Waste Fine C 0.10
Fig.12 Without Submerge 4 Lakes/ponds 8.74
between Elevations 27m and 96 m. detail. The conclusions that may be drawn are: Clayey D 0.00
Area Map
7 Prosophis Fine C 10.28
5 Land Without 211.65
Curve Number (CN) method has been The combination of remote sensing and SCS Clayey D 10.63
Scrub
8 Reservoirs Fine C 0.03
applied for estimating runoff using GIS model makes the runoff estimate more accurate Clayey D 2.06
6 Prosophis 831.04
technology. The CN has been estimated for and fast. 9 River Fine C 2.05
Clayey D 0.54 7 River 459.03
Machhu Dam III drainage basin using a Iyer Sowmiya Ranganathan, Dr. G.S. Joshi, 10 Towns/cities (Urban) Fine C 4.40
Clayey D 2.81 8 Villages(Rural) 83.52
combination of land use and Antecedent Soil Mr.KhalidMehmood(2012)FloodAssessment 11 Villages (Rural) Fine C 1.57
Total 3674.0
Moisture Condition (AMC).Weighted area CN and Mapping in Lower Mahi River, Gujarat by Clayey D 1.57
4
has been determined in order to find a Using GIs and Remote SensinBasing by This
representative CN by integrating attributes of is also helpful for the find out the probable ESTIMATION OF SOIL EROSION USING
various thematic layers in arc GIS using the submerged areas. Priory warnings can be given UNIVERSAL SOIL LOSS EQUATION
areas of different land cover and soil types as to the affecting downstream villages. From the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)
weighting factor. probable submerged areas.
Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) has A=R*K*LS*C*P
been used for the calculation of watershed METHDOLOGY Where, A= Annual computed Soil Loss
code to demarcate the erosion area. Using (ton/ha/year)
GIS technology submergence area study has Fig.6 Curve Number Map Fig.7 HSG Map R=Rainfall Erosivity factor
been done. Prior to the filling of the reservoir This map can be generated by integrating or K=Soil Erodibility factor
the area occupied by the water body is overlaying land Use land cover map on LS= Slope-length factor
(20522.93 hectare). After the submergence hydrological soil group map. The generated C= Crop management factor
up to FRL the land submergence would be CN map is shown in fig.6 P= Supporting Practice management factor
(3674.04 hectare). SOIL MAP
Two types of soils have been identified in the
INTRODUCTION area.

What is Watershed?
A watershed is defined as an area in which
all water flowing into it goes to a common .
outlet. It is an area draining the rainwater into
a stream. It is also called a drainage basin Fig.13 Soil Erosion Hazard
Map
or catchment area. RESULT
Different Size of Watershed Sub
R-factor K-factor LS-Factor C-factor P-factor
Annual soil Prioritization
watershed Erosion(A=R*K*LS*C*P) No.

Main Watershed (> 50,000 Hect) Liss IV Image Google Image sw1 492.2 0.351 0.072 0.275 0.6 2
2.05

Sub-watershed(10,000 to 50,000 Hect) * Fig.8 Soil Map sw2 478.2 0.207 0.782 0.287 0.578 12.84 1

Milli-watershed (1000 to10000 Hect) The values for fine sand as( 42.40%) and Clayey Annual Soil Erosion 14.89

(40.71%).Percentage of Hydrologic Soil Group

Micro watershed (100 to 1000 Hect)
Annual Soil Erosion 14.89 ton/ha/year

(HSG) is mentioned in the Table. Conclusions:

Mini watershed (1-100 Hect)
The HSG group includes • Study of the watershed area of the Machhu
*Study area Between Machhu Dam-II and SLOPE MAP Dam III with the help of Geoinformatics
Machhu dam-III Falls under Sub watershed. Slope map has been prepared from DEM and technology has been carried out to
OBJECTIVES analysis has been done to find out various understand ground and hydrological
 To identify and demarcate various types of categories of slopes and their percentage . conditions of the catchment area for the
land, vegetation, water bodies and
proper planning and management of the
infrastructures occurring in the catchment Fig.2 Liss IV Image Fig.3 Google Image In the study area it has been observed that water resources.
area of Machhu dam III and develop land about 98 % of land is having less than 1 • The study reveals that major part of the
use plan/map. REMOTE SENSING AND GIS percent slope and remaining land 1-3 percent catchment area is occupied by the
 To identify and evaluate various types of  Land use depends on the natural and except a few isolated patches in the agriculture activity. The area statistics of the
land and infrastructures being submerged anthropogenic activities. These maps have southeastern part of the area where slope is various land use pattern have been
at various reservoir levels. been developed using Arc GIS software. higher due to local topography. determined with the help of Arc GIS tools.
 To study ground and hydrological
• Pre and post scenario of the submergence
conditions of the catchment area for the  In the catchment area Crop land, Fallow land,
of the Machhu dam III reservoir has also
evaluation and demarcation of area Lakes / Ponds, Land with Scrub, Land without been generated with the help of DEM.
vulnerable to erosion. Scrub, Industrial Waste, Prosophis, Depending on the ground conditions,
 To develop management plan for the Reservoirs, River, Towns/cities (Urban), hydrological study, present land use pattern
catchment of Machhu Dam III Villages (Rural) have been identified and and future land use requirements a suitable
delineated management plan of the watershed area can
STUDY AREA
be evolved using remote sensing and GIS
Machhu is major River one of the North’s
technology.
flowing rivers of Saurashtra region in Gujarat
Future Scope
state Fig.9 Slope Map
The present GIS study of the catchment and
Machhu Dam III is located across Machhu Submergence Area:
 Using GIS technology submergence area submergence area of Machhu Dam-III has
River in the Morbi Taluka of Rajkot district.
study has been done. Prior to the filling of given base for the future monitoring and
it is situated between 220 44’ to 220 56’
the reservoir the area occupied by the water assessment of erosion, waterlogging and
North latitude and 700 40’ to 700 59’ East
body is (20522.93 hectare). After the change in the land use pattern for the proper
longitude and Altitude of the catchment area
submergence up to FRL the land management of the area.
varies between Elevations 27m and 96 m.
submergence would be(3674.04 hec). REFERENCES
Fig.4 Land Use Map [1]IyerSowmiya At al (2012)Flood Assessment and
Map showing partly submerge area of the Mapping in Lower Mahi River, Gujarat by Using GIs and
Villages(Rural)
Area Distribution for Different Classes
Town/Cities(Urban)
3%
5%
catchment at Full reservoir level 28.70 m RS &GIS
River
2% Reservoir
1% Prosophis
[2]Murthy J.V.S. (2010) “Watershed Management” New
Mine
Drumps/Industrial
14%
Age International
Waste
0%
Land without scrub
19%
crop land
54%
[3]P.SundarKumar At al,2010“Analysis of the Runoff for
Watershed Using SCS-CN Method and GIS.
[4] Bisag, Gandhinagar
Fig.5 Chart of Land use
Land with scrub
0% Prepared by:-
Fallow land
SCS-CN Method Lakes/Ponds
1%
1%
Jaysukh C. Songara
Classification of Soil Type & HSG Under Supervision of
Prof. N.M.Joshipura,Civil Department
Fig.1Location map of the Study area
L. E. College-Morbi
Fig.10 Area Under Submergence Map Dr.Indra Prakash,Faculty,BISAG,Gandhinagar
Fig.5 Chart of Land use