Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

Translated by Abu Amina Elias

The following text, al-‘Aqīdah al-Wāsiṭīyah, is a summary of the Atharī creed of
Sunni Islam by Aḥmad ibn ‘Abd al-Ḥalīm Taqī al-Dīn ibn Taymīyah.

Ibn Taymiyyah explained his purpose for writing it as follows:

‫ي‬
ُّ ‫ض‬ ِ ‫ش ْي ٌخ يُقَا ُل لَهُ َر‬ َ ‫احي َها‬ ِ ‫ضاةِ ن ََو‬ َ ُ‫ض ق‬ ُ ‫ض َواسِطٍ بَ ْع‬ ِ ‫ي ِم ْن أ َ ْر‬ َّ َ‫عل‬ َ ‫ب ِكت َابَتِ َها أَنَّهُ قَد َِم‬ ُ َ‫سب‬ َ َ‫َه ِذ ِه َكان‬
‫ش َكا َما‬ ِ ‫علَ ْينَا َحا ًّجا َو َكانَ ِم ْن أ َ ْه ِل ْال َخي ِْر َوال ِد‬
َ ‫ِّين َو‬ َ ‫ي قَد َِم‬ ِِّ ‫شافِ ِع‬ َّ ‫ب ال‬ ِ ‫ص َحا‬ ْ َ ‫ِّين الواسطي ِم ْن أ‬ ِ ‫ال ِد‬
َ ‫ِّين َو ْال ِع ْل ِم َو‬
‫سأَلَنِي أ َ ْن‬ ِ ‫وس ال ِد‬ ِ ‫الظ ْل ِم َود ُُر‬
ُّ ‫غلَ َب ِة ْال َج ْه ِل َو‬َ ‫اس فِي ِه بِتِ ْلكَ ْال ِب ََل ِد َوفِي دَ ْولَ ِة التتر ِم ْن‬ ُ َّ‫الن‬
َ‫عقَائِد‬
َ ‫اس‬ ُ َّ‫َب الن‬ َ ‫ع ْمدَة ً لَهُ َو ِِل َ ْه ِل بَ ْيتِ ِه فَا ْست َ ْعفَيْت ِم ْن ذَلِكَ َوقُ ْلت قَ ْد َكت‬ ُ ‫ون‬ ُ ‫ع ِقيدَة ً ت َ ُك‬َ ُ‫ب لَه‬ َ ُ ‫أ َ ْكت‬
َ ‫س َؤا ِل َوقَا َل َما أ ُ ِحبُّ َّإَّل‬
‫ع ِقيدَة ً ت َ ْكت ُبُ َها أ َ ْنتَ فَ َكتَبْت‬ ُّ ‫سنَّ ِة فَأَلَ َّح فِي ال‬ ُّ ‫عقَائِ ِد أَئِ َّم ِة ال‬
َ ‫ض‬ َ ‫ُمتَعَ ِدِّدَة ً فَ ُخ ْذ بَ ْع‬
ِ ‫ص َر َو ْال ِع َرا‬
‫ق‬ ْ ‫يرةٌ؛ فِي ِم‬ َ ِ‫س ٌخ َكث‬ ْ ‫ص ِر َوقَ ْد ا ْنتَش ََر‬
َ ُ‫ت ِب َها ن‬ ْ ‫لَهُ َه ِذ ِه ْال َع ِقيدَة َ َوأَنَا قَا ِعدٌ َب ْعدَ ْال َع‬
َ ‫َو‬
‫غي ِْر ِه َما‬
This is the reason I wrote it: a man approached me from the land of
Wāsiṭ, one of the judges of its regions, a Sheikh named Raḍī al-Dīn
al-Wāsiṭī, who was a scholar of Shāfi’ī school. He approached us
during the Hajj pilgrimage and he was among the people of virtue and
religion. He complained of the people among him in that land under
the Tartar government, of the prevalence of ignorance and oppression,
the loss of religion and knowledge. He asked me to write a creed for
him that he and his household could rely upon. I abstained from that

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Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

and I said, ‘People have written a number of credal texts, so take one
of the creeds written by the Imams of the Sunnah.’ He persisted in
asking and he said, ‘I would like no one but you to write it.’ So I
wrote this creed for him while I was sitting after midday, and many
copies of it have been distributed in Egypt, Iraq, and elsewhere.
Source: Majmū’ al-Fatāwá 3/164

The following presentation is the creed’s text in Arabic alongside its English
translation:

‫متن العقيدة الواسطية‬

The text of al-‘Aqīdah al-Wāsiṭīyah
‫الر ِح ِيم‬
َّ ‫الرحْ َم ِن‬
َّ ِ‫بِس ِْم هللا‬
In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.
َ ِ‫ِّين ُك ِلِّ ِه َو َكفَى ِباهلل‬
‫ش ِهيدًا‬ ِ ‫علَى ال ِد‬ ْ ‫ق ِلي‬
َ ُ‫ُظ ِه َره‬ ِ ِّ ‫ِين ْال َح‬
ِ ‫سولَهُ ِب ْال ُهدَى َود‬ َ ‫الحمد هلل الَّذي أ َ ْر‬
ُ ‫س َل َر‬
All praise is due to Allah, who sent His messenger with guidance and the religion
of truth, to make it manifest over all religions. Sufficient is Allah as a witness.
ً ‫وأ َ ْش َهدُ أَن َّلَّ إلَهَ إَِّلَّ هللاُ َوحْ دَهُ َّل ش َِريكَ لَهُ إِ ْق َر‬
‫ارا بِ ِه َوت َْو ِحيدًا‬
I bear witness there is no God but Allah alone, without any partners, establishing
by it His oneness.
‫سلَّ َم تسلي ًما َم ِزيدًا‬ َ ‫علَى آ ِل ِه َو‬
َ ‫صحْ بِ ِه َو‬ َ ُ‫صلَّى هللا‬
َ ‫علَ ْي ِه َو‬ َ ُ‫سولُه‬ َ ‫َوأ َ ْش َهدُ أ َ َّن ُم َح َّمدًا‬
ُ ‫ع ْبدُهُ َو َر‬
And I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and His messenger, peace and
blessings of Allah be upon him, his family, and his companions with abundant
peace.
َ ‫سنَّ ِة َو ْال َج َما‬
‫ع ِة‬ ُّ ‫ع ِة أ َ ْه ِل ال‬ َّ ‫ورةِ إِلَى قِيَ ِام ال‬
َ ‫سا‬ َ ‫ص‬ُ ‫اجيَ ِة ْال َم ْن‬
ِ َّ‫أ َ َّما بَ ْعدُ فَ َهذَا ا ْعتِقَادُ ْال ِف ْرقَ ِة الن‬
To proceed: This is the creed of the saved and victorious group until the
establishment of the Hour, Ahl al-Sunnah wal Jamā’ah (the people and united
community of the Prophetic Tradition).

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Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

‫أصول اإليمان وأركانه الست‬

The foundations of faith and its six pillars
‫ان بِ ْالقَدَ ِر ِخي ِْر ِه َوش ِ َِّر ِه‬
ِ ‫واإلي َم‬
ِ ‫ت‬ ِ ‫ث َب ْعدَ ْال َم ْو‬
ِ ‫س ِل ِه َو ْال َب ْع‬
ُ ‫يمان ِباهللِ َو َمَلَئِ َكتِ ِه َو ُكت ُ ِب ِه َو ُر‬
ُ ‫اإل‬ِ ‫َو ُه َو‬
It is to have faith in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Resurrection
after death, and faith in the good and evil of providence.

‫القواعد األساسية في اإليمان بأسماء هللا وصفاته‬

Fundamental principles of faith in the names of Allah and His attributes
‫سولُهُ ُم َح َّمدٌ صلى هللا عليه‬
ُ ‫صفَهُ بِ ِه َر‬
َ ‫يز َو ِب َما َو‬ِ ‫سهُ ِفي ِك ِتابِ ِه ْال َع ِز‬
َ ‫ف ِب ِه نَ ْف‬
َ ‫ص‬َ ‫ان ِب َما َو‬ ُ ‫اإلي َم‬
ِ ِ‫ان ِباهلل‬ِ ‫َو ِمنَ اإلي َم‬
‫غي ِْر ت َ ْكيِيفٍ َوَّلَ ت َْمثِي ٍل‬
َ ‫غي ِْر تَحْ ِريفٍ َوَّلَ ت َ ْع ِطي ٍل َو ِم ْن‬
َ ‫وسلم ِم ْن‬
Part of faith in Allah is to have faith in the way He described Himself in His
honorable book and in the way described by His messenger Muhammad, peace and
blessings be upon him, without distortion and negation, and without asking ‘how’
or likening Him to something else.
‫ير‬
ُ ‫ص‬ِ َ‫س ِمي ُع الب‬ ْ ‫ْس َك ِمثْ ِل ِه ش‬
َّ ‫َي ٌء َو ُه َو ال‬ َ ‫َب ْل يُؤْ ِمنُونَ بِأ َ َّن هللاَ لَي‬
Rather, they believe that for Allah ‘there is nothing like Him, and He is the
Hearing, the Seeing.’ (42:11)
ِ ‫اض ِع ِه َوَّلَ ي ُْل ِحد ُونَ فِي أ َ ْس َم‬
َ‫اء هللاِ وآيَاتِ ِه َوَّلَ يُ َكيِِّفُون‬ َ ‫سهُ َوَّلَ يُ َح ِ ِّرفُونَ ْال َك ِل َم‬
ِ ‫عن َّم َو‬ َ ‫ف بِ ِه نَ ْف‬ َ ‫ع ْنهُ َما َو‬
َ ‫ص‬ َ َ‫فََلَ يَ ْنفُون‬
‫ت خ َْل ِق ِه‬ِ ‫صفَا‬ ِ َ‫َوَّلَ يُ َمثِِّلُون‬
ِ ِ‫صفَاتِ ِه ب‬
They do not nullify what He was described with, nor do they distort the words
from their proper places. They do not blaspheme against the names of Allah and
His verses, nor do they ascribe a modality to Him, nor do they compare His
attributes to those of His creation.
ُ‫ف َء لَهُ َوَّلَ نِدَّ له‬
ْ ‫ي لَهُ َوَّلَ ُك‬ ُ ُ‫ِلَنَّه‬
َ َ‫س ْب َحانَهُ َّل‬
َّ ‫س ِم‬
For He, glory be to Him, has no likeness, no comparison, and no partner.
ُ ‫اس ِبخ َْل ِق ِه‬
‫س ْب َحانَهَ َوت َ َعالَى‬ ُ َ‫وَّلَ يُق‬
Nor is He measureable in analogy with His creation, glory be to Him, the Exalted.
َ‫ف الَّذِينَ يَقُولُون‬
ِ َ‫صدَّقُون بِ ِخَل‬ ُ ‫س ُن َحدِيثًا ِم ْن خ َْل ِق ِه ث ُ َّم ُر‬
َ ‫سلُه‬
َ ‫صا ِدقُونَ ُم‬ َ ْ‫صدَ ُق قِيَلً َوأَح‬
ْ َ ‫فَإنَّهُ أ َ ْعلَ ُم بِنَ ْف ِس ِه َوبِغَي ِْر ِه َوأ‬
َ‫علَ ْي ِه َما َّلَ َي ْعلَ ُمون‬ َ

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Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

Indeed, He knows Himself best, as well as everything else. He is the most truthful
in speech, the best in address to His creation. Thus, His messengers are truthful and
affirm the truth, differing from those who speak of what they do not know.
َ ُ ‫سه‬
‫ع َّما‬ َ َ‫ب ْالعَالَ ِمينَ ف‬
َ ‫سبَّ َح نَ ْف‬ ِ ِّ ‫س ِلين َوا ْل َح ْمدُ ِ ََّلِلِ َر‬
َ ‫علَى ْال ُم ْر‬
َ ‫سَل ٌم‬ َ ‫صفُونَ َو‬ َ ِ‫ب ْال ِع َّزة‬
ِ َ‫ع َّما ي‬ ِ ِّ ‫س ْب َحانَ َربِِّكَ َر‬ُ ‫َو ِل َهذَا قَا َل‬
ِ ‫ص َو ْال َع ْي‬
‫ب‬ ِ ‫سَلَ َم ِة َما قَالُوهُ ِمنَ النَّ ْق‬ َ ‫علَى ْال ُم ْر‬
َ ‫سلِينَ ِل‬ َ ‫سلَّ َم‬
َ ‫س ِل َو‬ ُّ ‫صفَهُ ِب ِه ْال ُمخَا ِلفُونَ ِل‬
ُ ‫لر‬ َ ‫َو‬
For this reason, He said, ‘Glory be to your Lord, Lord of honor, over what they
ascribe, and peace be upon the messengers, and all praise is due to Allah, the Lord
of the worlds,’ (31:180-182). He glorified Himself above what was described by
those who opposed the messengers. He sent peace upon the messengers, as they
described Allah free of any of the defects or faults that they claimed for Him.
ِ ‫اإلثْبَا‬
‫ت‬ ِ ‫سهُ بينَ النَّ ْفي ِ َو‬
َ ‫س َّمى بِ ِه نَ ْف‬
َ ‫ف َو‬ َ ‫س ْب َحانَهُ قَ ْد َج َم َع فِيما َو‬
َ ‫ص‬ ُ ‫َو ُه َو‬
He, glory be to Him, combined what He described and named for Himself between
negation and affirmation.
َ ُ‫ط الَّذِينَ أ َ ْن َع َم هللا‬
َ‫علَ ْي ِهم ِ ِّمن‬ ِ ‫ط ْال ُم ْست َ ِقي ُم‬
ُ ‫ص َرا‬ ُ ‫الص َرا‬ َ ‫ع َّما َجا َء ِب ِه ْال ُم ْر‬
ِّ ِ ُ‫سلُونَ فَإِنَّه‬ َ ‫سنَّةٌ َو ْال َج َما‬
َ ‫ع ِة‬ ُّ ‫عدُو َل ِل َ ْه ِل ال‬
ُ َ‫فََل‬
َ‫صا ِل ِحين‬َ ‫اء وال‬ ِ َ‫ش َهد‬ ِّ ِ ‫النَّ ِبيِِّينَ َو‬
ُّ ‫الص ِدِّيقِينَ َوال‬
Hence, Ahl al-Sunnah wal Jamā’ah do not deviate from what the messengers
brought. Indeed, it is the straight path, the path of those whom Allah has favored
among the prophets, the truthful, the martyrs, and the righteous.

‫اإليمان بما وصف هللا به نفسه في كتابه‬

Faith in what Allah described for Himself in His Book
‫يث يَقُو ُل قُ ْل ُه َو‬ ِ ‫ث ْالقُ ْر‬
ُ ‫آن َح‬ َ ُ‫ص الَّتِي ت َ ْع ِد ُل ثُل‬
ِ َ‫اإل ْخَل‬
ِ ِ‫ورة‬
َ ‫س‬ ُ ‫سهُ فِي‬ َ ‫ف هللاُ بِ ِه نَ ْف‬ َ ‫َوقَ ْد دَ َخ َل فِي ِه ِذ ِه ْال ُج ْملَ ِة َما َو‬
َ ‫ص‬
ٌ‫ص َمد لَ ْم َي ِل ْد َولَ ْم يُولَد َولَ ْم َي ُكن لَّهُ ُكفُ ًوا أ َ َحد‬ َّ ٌ‫َّللاُ أ َ َحد‬
َّ ‫َّللاُ ال‬ َّ
Included in the entirety of this is what Allah described for Himself in Sūrat al-
Ikhlāṣ, which is equal to a third of the Quran, wherein He says, ‘Say: He is Allah,
the One. Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He does not give birth, nor was He born. And
there is no comparison with Him.’ (112:1-4)
ُ‫ي ْالقَيُّو ُم َّلَ ت َأ ْ ُخذُهُ ِسنَةٌ َوَّلَ ن َْو ٌم لَّه‬ُّ ‫َّللاُ َّلَ ِإلَـهَ ِإَّلَّ ُه َو ْال َح‬ َّ ‫ْث يَقُو ُل‬ ُ ‫ظ ِم آيَ ٍة فِي ِكتِابِ ِه َحي‬ َ ‫سهُ فِي أ َ ْع‬َ ‫ف بِ ِه نَ ْف‬
َ ‫ص‬ َ ‫َو َما َو‬
َ‫طون‬ ُ ‫ض َمن ذَا الَّذِي َي ْشفَ ُع ِع ْندَهُ ِإَّلَّ ِبإ ِ ْذنِ ِه َي ْعلَ ُم َما بَيْنَ أ َ ْيدِي ِه ْم َو َما خ َْلفَ ُه ْم َوَّلَ ي ُِحي‬ ِ ‫ت َو َما فِي اِل َ ْر‬ ِ ‫س َم َاوا‬
َّ ‫َما فِي ال‬
‫ي ْالعَ ِظي ُم‬
ُّ ‫ظ ُه َما َو ُه َو ْالعَ ِل‬ ُ ‫ض َوَّلَ يَؤُ ودُهُ ِح ْف‬ َ ‫ت َواِل َ ْر‬ ِ ‫س َم َاوا‬ ْ ‫َيءٍ ِ ِّم ْن‬
َّ ‫عل ِم ِه ِإَّلَّ ِب َما شَاء َو ِس َع ُك ْر ِسيُّهُ ال‬ ْ ‫بِش‬

4
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

And what He described Himself with in the greatest verse in His book, wherein He
says, ‘Allah, there is no God but Him, the Living, the Sustainer. Neither
drowsiness overtakes Him, nor sleep. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens
and whatever is on the earth. Who can intercede with Him except with His
permission? He knows what is before them and what will be after them, and they
encompass not a thing of His knowledge except for what He wills. His footstool
extends over the heavens and the earth, and their preservation tires Him not, for He
is the Exalted, the Almighty.’ (2:255)
ْ ُ‫ان َحتَّى ي‬
‫صبِ َح‬ ٌ ‫ط‬ ٌ ‫َّللاِ َحا ِف‬
َ ُ‫ظ َو ََّل َي ْق َربُه‬
َ ‫ش ْي‬ َ ‫َو ِل َهذَا َكانَ َم ْن قَ َرأ َ َه ِذ ِه ْاْليَةَ ِفي لَ ْيلَ ٍة لَ ْم َيزَ ْل‬
َّ ‫علَ ْي ِه ِم ْن‬
For this reason, whoever had read this verse in the night, Allah will not cease to
guard him and Satan will not approach him until morning.

‫صفة الحياة‬
Attribute of life
ُ‫ي الَّذِي َّل َي ُموت‬ ِِّ ‫علَى ْال َح‬ ُ ُ‫َوقَ ْولُه‬
َ ‫س ْب َحانَهُ َوت ََو َّك ْل‬
And His saying, glory be to Him, ‘Rely upon the Living, He who never dies.’
(25:58)

‫صفة العلم‬
Attribute of knowledge
‫ع ِليم‬ ِ َ‫الظاه ُِر َو ْالب‬
ْ ‫اط ُن َو ُه َو بِ ُك ِِّل ش‬
َ ٍ‫َيء‬ َّ ‫اْلخ ُر َو‬
ِ ‫س ْب َحانَهُ ُه َو اِل َ َّو ُل َو‬
ُ ُ‫َوقَ ْولُه‬
And His saying, glory be to Him, ‘He is the First and the Last, the Manifest and the
Hidden, and He has knowledge over all things.’ (57:3)
‫َو ُه َو ْالعَ ِلي ُم ْال َح ِكي ُم‬
‘He is the Knowing, the Wise.’ (66:20)
َّ ‫نز ُل ِمنَ ال‬
‫س َماء َو َما َي ْع ُر ُج فِي َها‬ ِ ‫َو ُه َو ْال َح ِكي ُم ْال َخ ِبير َي ْعلَ ُم َما َي ِل ُج فِي اِل َ ْر‬
ِ َ‫ض َو َما َي ْخ ُر ُج ِم ْن َها َو َما ي‬
‘He is the Wise, the Aware. He knows what enters the earth and what comes out
from it and what descends from the heavens and what ascends therein.’ (34:1-2)

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Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

ُ ُ‫ب َّلَ يَ ْعلَ ُم َها إَِّلَّ ُه َو َويَ ْعلَ ُم َما فِي ْالبَ ِ ِّر َو ْالبَحْ ِر َو َما ت َ ْسق‬
‫ط ِمن َو َرقَ ٍة إَِّلَّ يَ ْعلَ ُم َها َوَّلَ َحبَّ ٍة فِي‬ ِ ‫َو ِعندَه َمفَاتِ ُح ْالغَ ْي‬
‫ب ُّم ِبين‬ ٍ ‫ب َوَّلَ يَا ِب ٍس ِإَّلَّ فِي ِكت َا‬ ٍ ‫ط‬ ْ ‫ض َوَّلَ َر‬ ِ ‫ت اِل َ ْر‬ ِ ‫ظلُ َما‬
ُ
‘With Him are the keys of the Unseen, none knows them but Him. He knows what
is on land and in the sea. No leaf falls but that He knows it. No grain is there within
the darknesses of the earth, nor any moist or dry thing but that it is in a clear
record.’ (6:59)
َ َ ‫َو َما تَحْ ِم ُل ِم ْن أُنثَى َوَّل ت‬
‫ض ُع إَِّلَّ بِ ِع ْل ِمه‬
‘No female carries a child or gives birth but that He knows it,’ (41:47).
‫َيءٍ ِع ْل ًما‬ َ ‫َّللاَ قَ ْد أ َ َحا‬
ْ ‫ط ِب ُك ِِّل ش‬ َّ ‫ِير َوأ َ َّن‬ ْ ‫علَى ُك ِِّل ش‬
ٌ ‫َيءٍ قَد‬ َّ ‫ِلت َ ْعلَ ُموا أ َ َّن‬
َ َ‫َّللا‬
‘That you would know Allah has power over all things and that Allah encompasses
all things in Knowledge.’ (65:12)

‫صفة القوة‬
Attribute of might
ُ ‫اق ذُو ْالقُ َّو ِة ْال َم ِت‬
‫ين‬ ُ ‫الر َّز‬ َّ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ ِإ َّن‬
َّ ‫َّللاَ ُه َو‬
And His saying, ‘Verily, Allah is the Provider, possessor of strength and might.’
(51:58)

‫صفة السمع وصفة البصر‬

Attributes of hearing and seeing
‫ير‬
ُ ‫ص‬ِ َ‫س ِمي ُع الب‬ ْ ‫ْس َك ِمثْ ِل ِه ش‬
َّ ‫َي ٌء َو ُه َو ال‬ َ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ لَي‬
And His saying, ‘There is nothing like him, and He is the Hearing, the Seeing.’
(42:11)
‫يرا‬
ً ‫ص‬ َ َ‫َّللاَ َكان‬
ِ َ‫س ِميعًا ب‬ ُ ‫َّللاَ نِ ِع َّما يَ ِع‬
َّ ‫ظ ُكم بِ ِه إِ َّن‬ َّ ‫إِ َّن‬
‘Verily, excellent is that with which Allah admonishes you. Verily, Allah is ever
hearing and seeing.’ (4:58)

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Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

‫صفة اإلرادة‬
Attribute of will
َّ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ َولَ ْوَّل ِإ ْذ دَخ َْلتَ َجنَّتَكَ قُ ْلتَ َما شَاء‬
َّ ‫َّللاُ َّل قُ َّوة َ ِإَّلَّ ِب‬
ِ‫اَلِل‬
‘Were it not that you entered your garden and said: As Allah has willed, there is no
power but with Allah.’ (18:39)
َّ ‫َّللاُ َما ا ْقتَتَلُواْ َولـ ِك َّن‬
ُ‫َّللاَ يَ ْف َع ُل َما ي ُِريد‬ َّ ‫َولَ ْو شَا َء‬
‘If Allah had willed, they would not have fought each other, but Allah does what
He wills.’ (2:253)
َّ ‫ص ْي ِد َوأَنت ُ ْم ُح ُر ٌم ِإ َّن‬
ُ ‫َّللاَ َيحْ ُك ُم َما ي ُِريد‬ َّ ‫غي َْر ُم ِح ِلِّي ال‬ ْ َّ‫أ ُ ِحل‬
َ ‫ت لَ ُكم َب ِهي َمةُ اِل َ ْن َع ِام إَِّلَّ َما يُتْلَى‬
َ ‫علَ ْي ُك ْم‬
‘Lawful for you are the animals of grazing livestock, except for that which is
recited to you, hunting not being permitted while you are in the state of pilgrimage.
Verily, Allah judges as He wills.’ (5:1)
َّ َ‫ضيِِّقًا َح َر ًجا َكأَنَّ َما ي‬
‫صعَّدُ فِي‬ َ ‫ُضلَّهُ يَجْ عَ ْل‬
َ ُ‫صد َْره‬ ِ ‫إل ْسَلَ ِم َو َمن ي ُِر ْد أَن ي‬ َ ْ‫َّللاُ أَن يَ ْه ِديَهُ يَ ْش َرح‬
ِ ‫ص ْد َرهُ ِل‬ َّ ‫فَ َمن ي ُِر ِد‬
‫س َماء‬ َّ ‫ال‬
‘Whoever Allah intends to guide, He opens his heart to Islam. Whoever Allah
intends to misguide, He makes his heart constricted as if he were ascending into
the sky.’ (6:125)

‫صفة المحبة‬
Attribute of love
َ‫َّللاَ ي ُِحبُّ ْال ُمحْ ِسنِين‬
َّ ‫َوقَ ْولـُـهُ َوأَحْ ِسنُ َواْ إِ َّن‬
And His saying, ‘Do good, for Allah loves those who do good.’ (2:195)
ِ ‫َّللاَ ي ُِحبُّ ْال ُم ْقس‬
َ‫ِطين‬ ُ ‫َوأ َ ْق ِس‬
َّ ‫طوا ِإ ِّن‬
‘Be fair, for Allah those who are fair.’ (49:9)
َ‫َّللاَ ي ُِحبُّ ْال ُمتَّقِين‬
َّ ‫فَ َما ا ْستَقَا ُمواْ لَ ُك ْم فَا ْست َ ِقي ُمواْ لَ ُه ْم إِ َّن‬
‘As long as they are upright to you, be upright to them. Verily, Allah loves the
righteous.’ (9:7)
َ َ ‫َّللاَ ي ُِحبُّ الت َّ َّوابِينَ َوي ُِحبُّ ْال ُمت‬
َ‫ط ِ ِّه ِرين‬ َّ ‫ِإ َّن‬

7
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

‘Verily, Allah loves those who repent and He loves those who purify themselves.’
(2:222)
َّ َ‫قُ ْل ِإن ُكنت ُ ْم ت ُ ِحبُّون‬
َّ ‫َّللاَ فَات َّ ِبعُونِي يُحْ بِ ْب ُك ُم‬
ُ‫َّللا‬
‘Say: If you love Allah, follow me and Allah will love you.’ (3:31)
َّ ‫ف يَأْتِي‬
ُ‫َّللاُ بِقَ ْو ٍم ي ُِحبُّ ُه ْم َوي ُِحبُّونَه‬ َ َ‫ف‬
َ ‫س ْو‬
‘Allah will soon bring forth a people whom He loves and they love Him.’ (5:54)
‫وص‬
ٌ ‫ص‬ ٌ َ‫صفًّا َكأَنَّ ُهم بُني‬
ُ ‫ان َّم ْر‬ َ ‫َّللاَ ي ُِحبُّ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي‬
َ ‫سبِي ِل ِه‬ َّ ‫إِ َّن‬
‘Verily, Allah loves those who fight in His path in ranks, as if they were a firm
structure.’ (61:4)
ُ ‫ور ْال َودُود‬
ُ ُ‫َو ُه َو ْالغَف‬
‘He is the Forgiving, the Loving.’ (85:14)

‫صفة الرحمة‬
Attribute of mercy
‫َوقَ ْولُهُ بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
And His saying, ‘In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.’ (1:1)
‫َيءٍ َّرحْ َمةً َو ِع ْل ًما‬
ْ ‫َربَّنَا َو ِسعْتَ ُك َّل ش‬
‘Our Lord, You have encompassed all things in mercy and knowledge.’ (40:7)
‫َو َكانَ بِ ْال ُمؤْ ِمنِينَ َر ِحي ًما‬
‘He is ever merciful to the believers.’ (35:43)
ْ ‫ت ُك َّل ش‬
‫َيء‬ ْ َ‫َو َرحْ َمتِي َو ِسع‬
‘My mercy surrounds all things.’ (7:156)
َ‫الرحْ َمة‬
َّ ‫علَى نَ ْف ِس ِه‬
َ ‫َب َربُّ ُك ْم‬
َ ‫َكت‬
‘Your Lord has prescribed mercy for Himself.’
‫الر ِحي ُم‬ ُ ُ‫َو ُه َو ْالغَف‬
َّ ‫ور‬
‘He is the Forgiving, the Merciful.’ (10:107)

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Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

َ‫اح ِمين‬ َّ ‫ظا َو ُه َو أ َ ْر َح ُم‬

ِ ‫الر‬ ً ِ‫اَلِلُ َخي ٌْر َحاف‬
َّ َ‫ف‬
‘Thus, Allah is the best of guardians and He is the most merciful of those who
show mercy.’ (12:64)

‫صفة الرضى‬
Attribute of pleasure
ُ‫ع ْنه‬ ُ ‫ع ْن ُه ْم َو َر‬
َ ‫ضوا‬ َّ ‫ي‬
َ ُ‫َّللا‬ ِ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ َر‬
َ ‫ض‬
And His saying, ‘Allah is pleased with them and they are pleased with Him.’
(5:119)

‫صفات الغضب والسخط والكراهية والبغض‬

Attributes of anger, displeasure, disapproval, and hatred
ُ‫علَ ْي ِه َولَعَنَه‬ َّ ‫ب‬
َ ُ‫َّللا‬ ِ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ َو َمن يَ ْقت ُ ْل ُمؤْ ِمنًا ُّمتَعَ ِ ِّمدًا فَ َجزَ آؤُ هُ َج َهنَّ ُم خَا ِلدًا فِي َها َوغ‬
َ ‫َض‬
And His saying, ‘Whoever deliberately kills a believer, then his recompense is Hell
to abide therein, and Allah is angry with him and has cursed him.’ (4:93)
ُ‫َّللاَ َو َك ِر ُهوا ِرض َْوانَه‬
َّ ‫ط‬ َ ‫ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ ُه ُم اتَّبَعُوا َما أ َ ْس َخ‬
‘That is because they followed what displeased Allah and they hated His pleasure.’
(47:28)
َ ‫فَلَ َّما آ‬
‫سفُونَا انتَقَ ْمنَا ِم ْن ُه ْم‬
‘So when they angered Us, We took retribution from them.’ (43:55)
َ َّ‫َّللاُ انبِعَاث َ ُه ْم فَثَب‬
‫ط ُه ْم‬ َّ َ‫َولَـ ِكن َك ِره‬
‘Rather, Allah disliked them being sent, so He held them back.’ (9:46)
َ‫َّللاِ َأن تقُولُوا َما َّل ت َ ْف َعلُون‬
َّ َ‫َكب َُر م ْقتًا عند‬
‘Greatly detested in the sight of Allah is that you say what you do not do.’ (61:3)

‫صفتي المجيء واإلتيان‬

Attribute of coming
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Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

‫ي اِل َ ْم ُر‬ ِ ُ‫ظلَ ٍل ِ ِّمنَ ْالغَ َم ِام َو ْال َمآلئِ َكةُ َوق‬
َ ‫ض‬ َّ ‫ظ ُرونَ إَِّلَّ أَن يَأْتِيَ ُه ُم‬
ُ ‫َّللاُ فِي‬ ُ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ ه َْل يَن‬
And His saying, ‘Are they waiting for Allah to come to them in the shade of the
clouds, or the angels, and the matter would be settled?’ (2:210)
ْ ْ ْ
َ‫ت َربِِّك‬
ِ ‫ض آيَا‬
ُ ‫ي بَ ْع‬ َ ِ‫ظ ُرونَ إَِّلَّ أَن ت َأتِي ُه ُم ْال َمآلئِ َكةُ أ َ ْو يَأت‬
َ ِ‫ي َربُّكَ أ َ ْو يَأت‬ ُ ‫ه َْل يَن‬
‘Are they waiting for the angels to come, or for your Lord to come, or for some of
the signs of your Lord?’ (6:158)
‫صفًّا‬ َ ُ‫ض دَ ًّكا دَ ًّكا َو َجاء َربُّكَ َو ْال َملَك‬
َ ‫صفًّا‬ ُ ‫ت اِل َ ْر‬
ِ ‫َكَلَّ إِذَا دُ َّك‬
‘Nay, when the earth has been pounded with a great pounding and your Lord and
the angels come row upon row.’ (89:21-22)
ً‫س َماء بِ ْالغَ َم ِام َونُ ِ ِّز َل ْال َمَلئِ َكةُ ت َِنزيَل‬
َّ ‫شقَّ ُق ال‬
َ َ ‫َويَ ْو َم ت‬
‘And the Day the heavens will break open with clouds and the angels descend, one
after another.’ (25:25)

‫صفة الوجه هلل سبحانه‬

Attribute of the face of Allah, glory be to Him
‫اإل ْك َر ِام‬ ْ ُ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ َويَ ْبقَى َوجْ هُ َربِِّكَ ذ‬
ِ ‫وال َجَل ِل َو‬
And His saying, ‘The face of your Lord will remain, possessor of majesty and
honor.’ (55:27)
ُ‫َيءٍ هَا ِلكٌ إَِّلَّ َوجْ َهه‬
ْ ‫ُك ُّل ش‬
‘All will perish except His face.’ (28:88)

‫إثبات اليدين هلل تعالى‬

Affirming the hands of Allah the Exalted
َّ َ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ َما َمنَعَكَ أَن ت َ ْس ُجدَ ِل َما َخلَ ْقتُ بِيَد‬
‫ي‬
And His saying, ‘What stopped you from prostrating to what I created with My
own hands?’ (38:75)
ُ ‫ت أ َ ْيدِي ِه ْم َولُ ِعنُواْ بِ َما قَالُواْ بَ ْل يَدَاهُ َم ْب‬
َ ‫سو‬
َ ‫طت َان ِيُن ِف ُق َكي‬
‫ْف يَشَاء‬ ْ َّ‫غل‬ َّ ُ‫ت ْاليَ ُهودُ يَد‬
ُ ٌ‫َّللاِ َم ْغلُولَة‬ ِ َ‫َوقَال‬

10
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

‘The Jews say the hand of Allah is tied. It is their hands which are tied and they are
cursed for what they have said. Rather, His hands are outspread, spending as He
wills.’ (5:64)

‫إثبات العينين هلل تعالى‬

Affirming the eyes of Allah the Exalted
‫صبِ ْر ِل ُح ْك ِم َربِِّكَ فَإِنَّكَ بِأ َ ْعيُنِنَا‬
ْ ‫َوقَولُهُ َوا‬
And His saying, ‘Be patient with the judgment of your Lord, for you are under Our
eyes.’ (52:48)
ُ ُ‫ت أ َ ْل َواحٍ َود‬
‫س ٍر تَجْ ِري بِأ َ ْعيُنِنَا َجزَ اء ِلِّ َمن َكانَ ُك ِف َر‬ َ ُ‫َو َح َم ْلنَاه‬
ِ ‫علَى ذَا‬
‘We carried him on planks and nails, sailing under Our eyes as a recompense for
him who was denied.’ (54:13-14)
َ ‫علَى‬
‫ع ْينِي‬ َ ‫صنَ َع‬ َ ُ‫َوأ َ ْلقَيْت‬
ْ ُ ‫علَيْكَ َم َحبَّةً ِ ِّمنِِّي َو ِلت‬
‘I bestowed upon you love from Me that you would be brought up under My eye.’
(20:39)

‫صفتي السمع والبصر هلل تعالى‬

Attributes of hearing and seeing of Allah the Exalted
‫ير‬
ٌ ‫ص‬ِ َ‫س ِمي ٌع ب‬ َّ ‫او َر ُك َما إِ َّن‬
َ َ‫َّللا‬ ُ ‫َّللاُ يَ ْس َم ُع ت َ َح‬ َّ ‫َّللاُ قَ ْو َل الَّتِي ت ُ َجا ِدلُكَ فِي زَ ْو ِج َها َوت َ ْشت َ ِكي إِلَى‬
َّ ‫َّللاِ َو‬ َ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ قَ ْد‬
َّ ‫س ِم َع‬
And His saying, ‘Allah heard the speech of the one who argues with you
concerning her husband and directs her complaint to Allah. Allah hears your
dialogue, for Allah is hearing and seeing.’ (58:1)
‫ير َونَحْ ُن أ َ ْغنِ َياء‬ َّ ‫َّللاُ قَ ْو َل الَّذِينَ قَالُواْ إِ َّن‬
ٌ ‫َّللاَ فَ ِق‬ َ ‫لَّقَ ْد‬
َّ ‫س ِم َع‬
‘Allah has heard the word of those who say Allah is poor, yet We are rich.’ (3:181)
ُ ‫سبُونَ أَنَّا َّل نَ ْس َم ُع ِس َّر ُه ْم َونَجْ َوا ُهم بَلَى َو ُر‬
َ‫سلُنَا لَدَ ْي ِه ْم يَ ْكتُبُون‬ َ ْ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ أ َ ْم يَح‬
‘Or do they think that We do not hear their secrets and private conversations? Nay,
our messengers are with them recording.’ (43:80)
‫ِإنَّنِي َمعَ ُك َما أ َ ْس َم ُع َوأ َ َرى‬

11
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

‘Verily, I am with you both. I hear and I see.’ (20:46)

َّ ‫أَلَ ْم يَ ْعلَ ْم بِأ َ َّن‬
‫َّللاَ يَ َرى‬
‘Does he not know that Allah sees?’ (96:14)
‫س ِمي ُع ْالعَ ِلي ُم‬
َّ ‫اجدِينَ إِنَّهُ ُه َو ال‬
ِ ‫س‬َّ ‫الَّذِي يَ َراكَ ِحينَ تَقُو ُم َوتَقَلُّبَكَ فِي ال‬
‘He who sees you when you stand and you turn in prostration. Verily, He is the
Hearing, the Knowing.’ (26:217)
َ‫سولُهُ َو ْال ُمؤْ ِمنُون‬
ُ ‫ع َملَ ُك ْم َو َر‬ َ َ‫َوقُل ِا ْع َملُواْ ف‬
َّ ‫سيَ َرى‬
َ ُ‫َّللا‬
‘And say: Work as you wish, for Allah will see your deeds, as will His messenger
and the believers.’ (9:105)

‫والمحال هلل تعالى على ما يليق بجالله‬

ِ ‫صفات المكر والكيد‬
Attributes of planning, plotting, and contrivance as befitting His Majesty
‫شدِيدُ ْال ِم َحال‬
َ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ َو ُه َو‬
And His saying, ‘He is severe in contrivance.’ (13:13)
َ‫َّللاُ َخي ُْر ْال َما ِك ِرين‬ َّ ‫َو َم َك ُرواْ َو َم َك َر‬
َّ ‫َّللاُ َو‬
‘They planned and Allah planned, and Allah is the best of planners.’ (3:54)
َ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ َو َم َك ُروا َم ْك ًرا َو َم َك ْرنَا َم ْك ًرا َو ُه ْم َّل يَ ْشعُ ُرون‬
‘They prepared a plan and We prepared a plan, while they did not perceive it.’
(27:50)
‫َوقَ ْولُهُ ِإنَّ ُه ْم َي ِكيدُونَ َك ْيدًا َوأ َ ِكيدُ َك ْيدًا‬
‘Verily, they plotted a great plot and I plotted a great plot.’ (86:15-16)

‫صفات العفو والمغفرة والرحمة والعزة والقدرة‬

Attributes of pardon, forgiveness, mercy, honor, and power
ً ‫عفُ ًّوا قَد‬
‫ِيرا‬ َّ ‫س َوءٍ فَإ ِ َّن‬
َ َ‫َّللاَ َكان‬ َ ْ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ إِن ت ُ ْبدُواْ َخي ًْرا أ َ ْو ت ُ ْخفُوهُ أ َ ْو ت َ ْعفُوا‬
ُ ‫عن‬
And His saying, ‘If you show good, or conceal it, or pardon a wrong, then Allah is
ever pardoning and powerful.’ (4:419)
12
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

ٌ ُ‫غف‬
‫ور َّر ِحي ٌم‬ َ ُ‫َّللا‬ ْ َ‫َو ْليَ ْعفُوا َو ْلي‬
َّ ‫صفَ ُحوا أََّل ت ُ ِحبُّونَ أَن يَ ْغ ِف َر‬
َّ ‫َّللاُ لَ ُك ْم َو‬
‘Let them pardon and overlook. Would you not love for Allah to forgive you? And
Allah is forgiving and merciful.’ (24:22)
َ‫سو ِل ِه َو ِل ْل ُمؤْ ِمنِين‬
ُ ‫َو ِ ََّلِلِ ْال ِع َّزة ُ َو ِل َر‬
‘To Allah belongs honor, and to His messenger and the believers.’ (63:8)
َ‫س فَ ِب ِع َّزتِكَ ِل ْغ ِو َينَّ ُه ْم أَجْ َمعِين‬ َ ُ‫َوقَ ْولُه‬
َ ‫ع ْن ِإ ْب ِلي‬
And His saying about Iblīs (Satan), ‘By Your honor, I will mislead them
altogether.’ (38:82)
ِ ‫اركَ ا ْس ُم َر ِبِّكَ ذِي ْال َجَل ِل َو‬
‫اإل ْك َر ِام‬ َ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ ت َ َب‬
And His saying, ‘Blessed is the name of your Lord, possessor of majesty and
honor.’ (55:78)

‫آيات الصفات المنفية في تنزيه هللا ونفي المثل عنه‬

Verses of the negating attributes regarding the transcendence of Allah and
negating comparison with Him
َ ُ‫طبِ ْر ِل ِعبَادَتِ ِه ه َْل ت َ ْعلَ ُم لَه‬
‫س ِميًّا‬ ْ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ فَا ْعبُ ْدهُ َوا‬
َ ‫ص‬
And His saying, ‘Worship Him and be steadfast in His worship. Do you know of
anything similar to Him?’ (19:65)
ٌ‫َولَ ْم يَ ُكن لَّهُ ُكفُ ًوا أ َ َحد‬
‘And there is nothing comparable to Him.’ (112:4)
َ‫فََلَ تَجْ عَلُواْ ِ َِّلِلِ أَندَادا ً َوأَنت ُ ْم ت َ ْعلَ ُمون‬
‘So do not make partners with Allah while you know.’ (2:22)
َّ ‫ب‬
ِ‫َّللا‬ ِ ِّ ‫َّللاِ أَندَادا ً ي ُِحبُّونَ ُه ْم َك ُح‬ ِ ‫اس َمن َيت َّ ِخذُ ِمن د‬
َّ ‫ُون‬ ِ َّ‫َو ِمنَ الن‬
‘Among people are those who take partners besides Allah, loving them as they
love Allah.’ (2:165)
ٌّ ‫َوقُ ِل ْال َح ْمدُ ِ َِّلِلِ الَّذِي لَ ْم َيت َّ ِخ ْذ َولَدًا َولَم َي ُكن لَّهُ ش َِريكٌ فِي ْال ُم ْل ِك َولَ ْم َي ُكن لَّهُ َو ِل‬
ً ‫ي ِ ِّمنَ الذُّ َّل َو َك ِب ِّْرهُ ت َ ْك ِب‬
‫يرا‬

13
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

‘Say: All praise is due to Allah, who has not taken a son and has no partner in the
dominion, who needs no guardian due to weakness, so exalt Him with great
exaltation.’ (17:111)
‫ِير‬ َ ‫ض لَهُ ْال ُم ْلكُ َولَهُ ْال َح ْمدُ َو ُه َو‬
ْ ‫علَى ُكل ِِّش‬
ٌ ‫َيءٍ قَد‬ ِ ‫ت َو َما فِي اِل َ ْر‬ َّ ‫سبِِّ ُح ِ ََّلِلِ َما فِي ال‬
ِ ‫س َم َاوا‬ َ ُ‫ي‬
‘Whatever is in the heavens and on the earth glorifies Allah. To Him belongs the
dominion and all praise, and He has power over all things.’ (64:1)
ِ ‫ت َواِل َ ْر‬
‫ض َولَ ْم يَت َّ ِخ ْذ َولَدًا َولَ ْم‬ َّ ‫ِيرا الَّذِي لَهُ ُم ْلكُ ال‬
ِ ‫س َم َاوا‬ ً ‫ع ْب ِد ِه ِليَ ُكونَ ِل ْلعَالَ ِمينَ نَذ‬ َ َ‫اركَ الَّذِي ن ََّز َل ْالفُ ْرقَان‬
َ ‫علَى‬ َ َ‫تَب‬
ً ‫َيءٍ فَقَد ََّرهُ ت َ ْقد‬
‫ِيرا‬ ْ ْ َّ
ْ ‫يَ ُكن لهُ ش َِريكٌ فِي ال ُمل ِك َو َخلَقَ ُك َّل ش‬
‘Blessed is He who revealed the Criterion (the Quran) upon His servant that he
would warn the worlds, He to whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the
earth and has not taken a son and has no partner in the dominion. He has created all
things and measured them with precise measurement.’ (25:1-2)
‫ع َّما‬ َّ َ‫س ْب َحان‬
َ ِ‫َّللا‬ ٍ ‫علَى بَ ْع‬
ُ ‫ض‬ ُ ‫َب ُك ُّل إِلَ ٍه بِ َما َخلَقَ َولَعََل بَ ْع‬
َ ‫ض ُهم‬ َ ‫َّللاُ ِمن َولَ ٍد َو َما َكانَ َمعَهُ ِم ْن إِلَ ٍه إِذًا لَّذَه‬ َّ َ‫َما ات َّ َخذ‬
َ ‫ش َهادَةِ فَت َ َعالَى‬
َ‫ع َّما يُ ْش ِر ُكون‬ ِ ‫عا ِل ِم ْالغَ ْي‬
َّ ‫ب َوال‬ َ َ‫صفُون‬ ِ َ‫ي‬
‘Allah has not taken a son, nor is there a god alongside Him. If so, each god would
have taken what it created and some would have surpassed others. Glory be to
Allah above what they describe. Knower of the Unseen and the seen, Exalted is He
above what they associate.’ (23:91-92)
َ‫َّللاَ يَ ْعلَ ُم َوأَنت ُ ْم َّلَ ت َ ْعلَ ُمون‬
َّ ‫فََلَ تَض ِْربُواْ ِ َِّلِلِ اِل َ ْمثَا َل إِ َّن‬
‘So do not strike comparisons for Allah. Verily, Allah knows and you do not
know.’ (27:74)
‫اَلِلِ َما لَ ْم يُن ِ َِّز ْل بِ ِه‬ ِ ِّ ‫ي بِغَي ِْر ْال َح‬
َّ ِ‫ق َوأَن ت ُ ْش ِر ُكواْ ب‬ َ ‫اإلثْ َم َو ْالبَ ْغ‬ َ ‫ظ َه َر ِم ْن َها َو َما َب‬
ِ ‫طنَ َو‬ َ ‫ش َما‬ َ ‫اح‬ ِ ‫ِّي ْالفَ َو‬
َ ِ‫قُ ْل إِنَّ َما َح َّر َم َرب‬
َ‫َّللاِ َما َّلَ ت َ ْعلَ ُمون‬
َّ ‫علَى‬ َ ْ‫طانًا َوأَن تَقُولُوا‬ َ ‫س ْل‬
ُ
‘Say: My Lord has only forbidden immoralities, what is public of them and what is
private, and sin, transgression without right, that you associate with Allah that to
which He has not delegated authority, and that you say about Allah what you do
not know.’ (7:33)

‫استواء هللا على عرشه‬

Rising of Allah above His Throne

14
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

‫علَى ْالعَ ْر ِش ا ْست ََوى‬ َّ ُ‫َوقَ ْولُه‬

َ ‫الرحْ َم ُن‬
And His saying, ‘The Merciful rose above the Throne.’ (20:5)
‫علَى ْال َع ْر ِش في ستَّة مواض َع‬
َ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ ث ُ َّم ا ْست ََوى‬
And His saying, ‘Then, He rose over the Throne,’ (7:54) in six places in the Quran.

‫إثبات علو هللا على مخلوقاته‬

Affirming the highness of Allah over His creatures
َ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ يَا ِعي‬
َّ َ‫سى ِإنِِّي ُمت ََوفِِّيكَ َو َرافِعُكَ ِإل‬
‫ي‬
And His saying, ‘O Jesus, I will take you and raise you unto Me.’ (3:55)
‫َّللاُ إِلَيْه‬
َّ ُ‫بَل َّرفَعَه‬
‘Rather, Allah raised him unto Himself.’ (4:158)
َّ ‫ِّب َو ْالعَ َم ُل ال‬
ُ‫صا ِل ُح َي ْرفَعُه‬ َّ ‫ص َعدُ ْال َك ِل ُم‬
ُ ‫الط ِي‬ ْ ‫ِإلَ ْي ِه َي‬
‘To Him ascend good words, and righteous deeds are raised to Him.’ (35:10)
ُ َ ‫سى َوإِنِِّي ِل‬
‫ظنُّهُ َكا ِذبًا‬ َّ َ ‫ت فَأ‬
َ ‫ط ِل َع ِإلَى ِإلَ ِه ُمو‬ ِ ‫س َم َاوا‬ َ َ‫اب أ َ ْسب‬
َّ ‫اب ال‬ َ َ‫ص ْر ًحا لَّ َع ِلِّي أ َ ْبلُ ُغ اِل َ ْسب‬ ُ ‫يَا هَا َم‬
َ ‫ان اب ِْن ِلي‬
‘(Pharaoh said): O Haman, build me a tower that I might reach the ways of the
heavens, that I might see the God of Moses, yet I suspect he is a liar.’
َ ‫اء أَن ي ُْر ِس َل‬
ِ ‫علَ ْي ُك ْم َح‬
‫اصبًا‬ َّ ‫ور أ َ ْم أ َ ِمنتُم َّمن فِي ال‬
ِ ‫س َم‬ َ ‫ض فَإِذَا ه‬
ُ ‫ِي ت َ ُم‬ َ ‫اء أَن يَ ْخس‬
َ ‫ِف ِب ُك ُم ْاِل َ ْر‬ َّ ‫أَأ َ ِمنتُم َّمن فِي ال‬
ِ ‫س َم‬
‫ِير‬
ِ ‫ْف نَذ‬ َ ‫ست َ ْعلَ ُمونَ َكي‬
َ َ‫ف‬
‘Do you feel secure from He who is in the heavens that the earth would swallow
you and, behold, it quakes? Or do you feel secure from He who is in the heavens
that He might rain stones upon you? You will soon know how was the warning!’
(67:16-17)

‫إثبات معية هللا لخلقه‬

Affirming the omnipresence of Allah with His creation
‫ير‬
ٌ ‫ص‬ َّ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ َو ُه َو َم َع ُك ْم أَيْنَ َما ُكنت ُ ْم َو‬
ِ َ‫َّللاُ ِب َما ت َ ْع َملُونَ ب‬

15
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

And His saying, ‘He is with you wherever you are, for Allah sees what you are
doing.’ (57:4)
‫س ُه ْم َوَّل أ َ ْدنَى ِمن ذَلِكَ َوَّل أ َ ْكث َ َر إَِّلَّ ُه َو َم َع ُه ْم‬
ُ ‫سا ِد‬ َ ‫س ٍة ِإَّلَّ ُه َو‬
َ ‫ون ِمن نَّجْ َوى ثََلث َ ٍة ِإَّلَّ ُه َو َرا ِبعُ ُه ْم َوَّل خ َْم‬ ُ ‫َما َي ُك‬
‫ع ِلي ٌم‬ َّ ‫ع ِملُوا يَ ْو َم ْال ِقيَا َم ِة إِ َّن‬
ْ ‫َّللاَ بِ ُك ِِّل ش‬
َ ٍ‫َيء‬ َ ‫أ َ ْينَ َما َكانُوا ث ُ َّم يُنَبِِّئ ُ ُهم بِ َما‬
‘There is in no private conversation of three but that He is the fourth of them, nor
are there five but that He is the sixth of them, and no less than that and no more but
that He is with them wherever they are. Then, He will inform them of what they
did on the Day of Resurrection. Verily, Allah knows all things.’ (58:7)
َّ ‫ََّل تَحْ زَ ْن ِإ َّن‬
‫َّللاَ َمعَنَا‬
‘Do not grieve, for Allah is with us.’ (9:40)
‫ِإنَّنِي َم َع ُك َما أ َ ْس َم ُع َوأ َ َرى‬
‘I am with you both, I hear and I see.’ (20:46)
َ‫َّللاَ َم َع الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوا َّوالَّذِينَ ُهم ُّمحْ ِسنُون‬
َّ ‫إِ َّن‬
‘Verily, Allah is with those who are mindful of him and those who do good.’
(27:128)
َ‫صابِ ِرين‬ َّ ‫صبِ ُرواْ إِ َّن‬
َّ ‫َّللاَ َم َع ال‬ ْ ‫َوا‬
‘Be patient, for Allah is with the patient.’ (8:46)
َ‫صابِ ِرين‬ َّ ‫َّللاِ َو‬
َّ ‫َّللاُ َم َع ال‬ َ ِ‫ت فِئَةً َكث‬
َّ ‫يرة ً بِإ ِ ْذ ِن‬ ْ َ‫غلَب‬
َ ‫َكم ِ ِّمن فِئ َ ٍة قَ ِليلَ ٍة‬
‘How many small bands of people overcome large bands by the permission of
Allah? And Allah is with the patient.’ (2:249)

‫إثبات الكالم هلل تعالى‬

Affirming the speech of Allah
‫َّللاِ َحدِيثًا‬ ْ َ ‫َوقَ ْولُـهُ َو َم ْن أ‬
َّ َ‫صدَ ُق ِمن‬
And His saying, ‘Who is more truthful in speech than Allah?’ (4:87)
ً‫َّللاِ قِيَل‬ ْ َ ‫َو َم ْن أ‬
َّ َ‫صدَ ُق ِمن‬
‘Who is more truthful in statements than Allah?’ (4:122)
‫سى ابْنَ َم ْريَ َم‬ َّ ‫َو ِإ ْذ قَا َل‬
َ ‫َّللاُ يَا ِعي‬
16
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

‘When Allah said: O Jesus son of Mary…’ (5:116)

ً‫ع ْدَّل‬ ِ َ‫ت َك ِل َمةُ َر ِبِّك‬
َ ‫ص ْدقًا َو‬ ْ ‫َوت َ َّم‬
‘The word of your Lord will be fulfilled in truth and justice.’ (6:115)
‫سى ت َ ْك ِلي ًما‬ َّ ‫َو َكلَّ َم‬
َ ‫َّللاُ ُمو‬
‘Allah spoke to Moses with decisive speech.’ (4:164)
َّ ‫ِ ِّم ْن ُهم َّمن َكلَّ َم‬
ُ‫َّللا‬
‘Among them (the prophets) are those to whom Allah spoke.’ (2:253)
ُ‫سى ِل ِميقَاتِنَا َو َكلَّ َمهُ َربُّه‬
َ ‫َولَ َّما َجاء ُمو‬
‘When Moses came at Our appointed time, his Lord spoke to him.’ (7:143)
‫ور ْاِل َ ْي َم ِن َوقَ َّر ْبنَاهُ ن َِجيًّا‬ ُّ ‫ب‬
ِ ‫الط‬ ِ ِ‫َونَادَ ْينَاهُ ِمن َجان‬
‘We called him from the right side of the mountain and We approached him
privately.’ (19:52)
َّ ‫ت ْالقَ ْو َم‬
َ‫الظا ِل ِمين‬ ِ ْ‫سى أ َ ِن ائ‬
َ ‫َوإِ ْذ نَادَى َربُّكَ ُمو‬
‘When your Lord called to Moses: Go to the oppressive people.’ (26:10)
َّ ‫عن ِت ْل ُك َما ال‬
ِ‫ش َج َرة‬ َ ‫َونَادَا ُه َما َربُّ ُه َما أَلَ ْم أ َ ْن َه ُك َما‬
‘Their Lord called them both, saying: Did I not forbid you from the tree?’ (7:22)
َ ‫َويَ ْو َم يُنَادِي ِه ْم فَيَقُو ُل َماذَا أ َ َج ْبت ُ ُم ْال ُم ْر‬
َ‫سلِين‬
‘The Day He will call them, saying: What was your answer to the messengers?’
(28:65)
َ ‫َو ِإ ْن أ َ َحدٌ ِ ِّمنَ ْال ُم ْش ِركِينَ ا ْست َ َج‬
َّ ‫اركَ فَأ َ ِج ْرهُ َحتَّى َي ْس َم َع َكَلَ َم‬
ِ‫َّللا‬
‘If one of the idolaters seeks your protection, then grant him protection that he
might hear the word of Allah.’ (9:6)
َ‫عقَلُوهُ َو ُه ْم َي ْعلَ ُمون‬
َ ‫َّللاِ ث ُ َّم يُ َح ِ ِّرفُونَهُ ِمن َب ْع ِد َما‬
َّ ‫يق ِ ِّم ْن ُه ْم َي ْس َمعُونَ َكَلَ َم‬
ٌ ‫َوقَ ْد َكانَ فَ ِر‬
‘A sect among them had heard the word of Allah, then they distorted it after
understanding it while they knew.’ (2:75)
َّ ‫َّللاِ قُل لَّن تَت َّ ِبعُونَا َك َٰذَ ِل ُك ْم قَا َل‬
‫َّللاُ ِمن قَ ْب ُل‬ َّ ‫ي ُِريدُونَ أَن يُ َب ِدِّلُوا َك ََل َم‬

17
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‘They desire to replace the word of Allah. Say: Never will you follow us. Such did
Allah say before.’ (48:15)
ِ ‫ي ِإ َليْكَ ِمن ِكت َا‬
‫ب َر ِبِّكَ َّل ُم َب ِدِّ َل ِل َك ِل َماتِ ِه‬ ِ ُ ‫َواتْ ُل َما أ‬
َ ‫وح‬
‘Recite what has been revealed to you from the book of your Lord. There is none
to change His words.’ (18:27)
َ‫علَى بَنِي ِإس َْرا ِئي َل أ َ ْكث َ َر الَّذِي ُه ْم ِفي ِه َي ْخت َ ِلفُون‬ ُّ ُ‫ِإ َّن َهذَا ْالقُ ْرآنَ َيق‬
َ ‫ص‬
‘Verily, this Quran narrates to the children of Israel most of that over which they
disagree.’ (27:76)

‫إثبات أن القرآن ُمنَ َّزل من هللا تعالى‬

Affirming the Quran was revealed from Allah the Exalted
َ َ‫َوقَ ْولُـهُ َوهَـذَا ِكتَابٌ أَنزَ ْلنَاهُ ُمب‬
ٌ‫ارك‬
And His saying, ‘This is a blessed book which We have revealed.’ (6:92)
َّ ‫عا ِ ِّم ْن َخ ْشيَ ِة‬
ِ‫َّللا‬ ً ِّ‫ص ِد‬ َ َ‫لَ ْو أَنزَ ْلنَا َهذَا ْالقُ ْرآن‬
َ َ ‫علَى َجبَ ٍل لَّ َرأ َ ْيتَهُ خَا ِشعًا ُّمت‬
‘If We had sent this Quran down upon a mountain, you would have seen it
humbled and rendered asunder from the fear of Allah.’ (59:12)
‫َّللاُ أ َ ْعلَ ُم ِب َما يُن ِ َِّز ُل قَالُوا ِإنَّ َما أَنتَ ُم ْفت ٍَر بَ ْل أ َ ْكث َ ُر ُه ْم ََّل يَ ْعلَ ُمونَ قُ ْل ن ََّزلَهُ ُرو ُح ْالقُد ُِس ِمن‬
َّ ‫َو ِإذَا بَد َّْلنَا آيَةً َّم َكانَ آيَ ٍة َو‬
‫ان الَّذِي‬ ُ ‫س‬َ ِّ‫ق ِليُث َ ِبِّتَ الَّذِينَ آ َمنُوا َو ُهدًى َوبُ ْش َر َٰى ِل ْل ُم ْس ِل ِمينَ َولَقَ ْد نَ ْعلَ ُم أَنَّ ُه ْم َيقُولُونَ ِإنَّ َما يُ َع ِلِّ ُمهُ َبش ٌَر ِل‬ ِ ِّ ‫َّر ِبِّكَ ِب ْال َح‬
ٌ ِ‫ي ُّمب‬
‫ين‬ ٌّ ِ‫ع َرب‬ ٌ ‫س‬
َ ‫ان‬ َ ‫ي َو َٰ َهذَا ِل‬
ٌّ ‫ي ُْل ِحدُونَ إِلَ ْي ِه أ َ ْع َج ِم‬
‘When we replace a verse in place of another, and Allah knows best what He has
revealed, they say: Indeed, you are a fabricator! Rather, most of them do not know.
Say: It has been sent down by the Holy Spirit from your Lord in truth, to make
firm those with faith and as guidance and glad tidings for the Muslims. We know
that they say: Indeed, he has been taught by a man! Yet the tongue of the one they
speak of is foreign, while this is in a clear Arabic language.’ (16:101-102)

‫إثبات رؤية المؤمنين لربهم يوم القيامة‬

Affirming the looking of the believers at their Lord on the Day of
Resurrection

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ِ َّ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ ُو ُجوهٌ يَ ْو َمئِ ٍذ ن‬

ِ ‫اض َرة ٌ إِلَى َربِِّ َها ن‬
ٌ ‫َاظ َرة‬
And His saying, ‘Faces on that Day will be radiant, looking at their Lord.’ (75:22-
23)
ُ ‫علَى اِل َ َرائِ ِك يَن‬
َ‫ظ ُرون‬ َ
‘On adorned couches, looking.’ (83:23)
ٌ ‫سنُواْ ْال ُح ْسنَى َو ِز َيادَة‬
َ ْ‫ِلِّلَّذِينَ أَح‬
‘For those who do good is the best and even more.’ (10:26)
ٌ‫لَ ُهم َّما يَشَاؤُونَ فِي َها َولَدَ ْينَا َم ِزيد‬
‘They will have whatever they desire therein and with Us is even more.’ (50:35)
***
ِ ِّ ‫يق ْال َح‬
‫ق‬ َ ُ‫طا ِلبًا ِل ْل ُهدَى ِم ْنهُ تَبَيَّنَ لَه‬
ُ ‫ط ُر‬ َ َ‫ير َم ْن تَدَب ََّر ْالقُ ْرآن‬
ٌ ِ‫ب هللاِ َكث‬ ُ َ‫َو َهذَا ْالب‬
ِ ‫اب فِي ِكت َا‬
There is much on this topic in the book of Allah. Whoever contemplates over the
Quran, seeking guidance from it, the path of truth will be made clear to him.

‫اإليمان بما وصف به الرسول صلى هللا عليه وسلم ربه‬

Faith in what the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, described his
Lord with
‫ف‬ َ ‫ص‬ َ ‫ع ْنهُ َو َما َو‬ َ ‫س ُر ْالقُرآنَ وتُبَيِِّنُهُ وتَدُ ُّل‬
َ ‫علَ ْي ِه وتُعَبِ ُِّر‬ ِّ ِ َ‫سنَّةُ تُف‬
ُّ ‫سو ِل هللاِ صلى هللا عليه وسلم فَال‬ ُ ‫سنَّ ِة َر‬ُ ‫ث ُ َّم فِي‬
‫ان بِ َها َكذَ ِلك‬
ُ ‫ب اإلي َم‬َ ‫الص َحاحِ الَّتِي تَلَقَّاهَا أ َ ْه ُل ْال َم ْع ِرفَ ِة بِ ْالقَبُو ِل َو َج‬ ِّ ِ ‫ث‬ِ ‫ع َّز َو َج َّل مِنَ اِل َ َحادِي‬
َ ُ‫سو ُل بِ ِه َربَّه‬
ُ ‫الر‬
َّ
Thereafter, there is what is in the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah, peace and
blessings be upon him, for the Sunnah explains the Quran, clarifies it, gives
indication and expression to it. Whatever the Messenger described about his Lord,
Mighty and Majestic, in the authentic prophetic narrations, which were received
and accepted by the people of knowledge, is obligatory to have faith in.

‫في إثبات نزول هللا إلى السماء الدنيا‬

Affirming the descent of Allah to the worldly heaven

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Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

ِ ‫ث اللَّ ْي ِل‬
‫اْلخ ِر فَيَقُو ُل‬ ُ ُ‫اء الدُّ ْنيَا ُك َّل لَ ْيلَ ٍة حينَ يَ ْبقَى ثُل‬ َّ ‫فَ ِم ْن ذَلِكَ ِمثْ ُل قَ ْو ِل ِه صلى هللا عليه وسلم يَ ْن ِز ُل َربُّنَا إلَى ال‬
ِ ‫س َم‬
‫علَ ْي ِه‬ ِ ‫يب لَهُ َم ْن يَسْأَلُنِي فَأُع‬
َ ‫ْطيَهُ َم ْن يَ ْست َ ْغ ِف ُرنِي فَأ َ ْغ ِف َر لَهُ ُمتَّفَ ٌق‬ ُ ‫َم ْن يَ ْد‬
َ ‫عونِي فَأ ْست َِج‬
Among that is the likes of his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, ‘Our Lord
descends to the worldly heaven in the last remaining third of every night and He
says: Who is calling upon Me that I may answer? Who is asking Me that I might
give? Who is seeking My forgiveness that I may forgive him?’ It is agreed upon.

‫في إثبات الفرح هلل عز وجل‬

Affirming the rejoicing of Allah, Mighty and Majestic
‫ضض فَ ََلةٍ ُمت َّ َف ٌق‬
ِ ‫ضلَّهُ فِي أ َ ْر‬
َ َ ‫ير ِه َوقَ ْد أ‬
ِ ‫علَى بَ ِع‬ َ ‫ع ْب ِد ِه ِم ْن أ َ َح ِد ُك ْم‬
َ َ‫سق‬
َ ‫ط‬ َ ‫َّللاُ أ َ ْف َر ُح بِت َْوبَ ِة‬
َّ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ صلى هللا عليه وسلم‬
‫علَ ْي ِه‬
َ
And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, ‘Allah is more delighted by the
repentance of his servant than if one of you were to find his camel after he had lost
it in the desert wilderness.’ It is agreed upon.

‫في إثبات الضحك‬

Affirming the laughter of Allah
َ ‫ض َحكُ هللاُ إِلَى َر ُجلَي ِْن يَ ْقت ُ ُل أ َ َحدُ ُه َما اْلخ ََر ِكَل ُه َما يَ ْد ُخ ُل ْال َجنَّةَ ُمتَّفَ ٌق‬
‫علَ ْي ِه‬ ْ َ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ صلى هللا عليه وسلم ي‬
And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, ‘Allah laughs at two men, one
who killed the other, yet both of them enter Paradise.’ It is agreed upon.

‫في إثبات العجب وصفات أخرى‬

Affirming the wonder of Allah and other attributes
َ َ‫ظ ُر إِلَ ْي ُك ْم أَزَ لينَ قَنِ ِطينَ فَي‬
ْ َ‫ظ ُّل ي‬
ُ‫ض َحك‬ ُ ‫ب َخي ِْر ِه يَ ْن‬
ِ ‫وط ِعبَا ِد ِه َوقُ ْر‬
ِ ُ‫ب َربُّنَا ِم ْن قُن‬ َ ‫ع ِج‬َ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ صلى هللا عليه وسلم‬
‫س ٌن‬ ٌ ‫يَ ْعلَ ُم أ َ َّن فَ َر َج ُك ْم قَ ِريبٌ َحد‬
َ ‫ِيث َح‬
And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, ‘Your Lord wonders at the
despair of His servants, for his good is near. He looks at you continuing to despair,
so He continues to laugh knowing that relief is coming soon.’ It is a fair tradition.

20
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‫في إثبات الرجل أو القدم‬

Affirming the leg or foot of Allah
ُ‫ض َع َربُّ ْال ِع َّز ِة فِي َها ِرجْ لَه‬ َ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ صلى هللا عليه وسلم َّل ت َزَ ا ُل َج َهنَّ ُم ي ُْلقَى فِي َها َوه‬
َ َ‫ ه َْل ِم ْن َم ِزي ٍد َحتَّى ي‬:‫ِي تَقُو ُل‬
.‫علَ ْي ِه‬ ٍ ‫ض َها إلَى بَ ْع‬
َ ‫ض فَتَقُو ُل َقط قَط ُمتَّفَ ٌق‬ ُ ‫علَ ْي َها قَدَ َمهُ فَيَ ْنزَ ِوي بَ ْع‬
َ ‫َوفِي ِر َوايَ ٍة‬
And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, ‘Hell will continue to be filled
and will say: Are there any more? Until the Lord of honor places His leg (and in
another narration: His foot) over it and some of its parts retreat from each other and
it says: Enough! Enough!’ It is agreed upon.

‫في إثبات الكالم والصوت‬

Affirming the speech and voice of Allah
‫ت ِإ َّن هللاَ َيأ ْ ُم ُركَ أ َ ْن ت ُ ْخ ِر َج ِمن‬ َ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ صلى هللا عليه وسلم َيقُو ُل ت َ َعالَى َيا آدَ ُم فَ َيقُو ُل لَبَّيْكَ َو‬
َ ‫س ْعدَيْكَ فَيُنَادِي ِب‬
ٍ ‫صو‬
‫علَ ْي ِه‬ ِ َّ‫ذُ ِ ِّريَّتِكَ بَ ْعثًا إلَى الن‬
ٌ َّ ‫ار ُمت‬
َ ‫فق‬
And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, “Allah the Exalted will say: O
Adam! Adam will say: I am here at Your pleasure. A raised voice will call out:
Verily, Allah commands you to send a group of your progeny to the Hellfire.’ It
is agreed upon.
َ ‫سيُ َك ِلِّ ُمهُ َربُّهُ َولَي‬
ٌ ‫ْس َب ْينَهُ َو َب ْينَهُ ت َْر ُج َم‬
‫ان‬ َ َّ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ صلى هللا عليه وسلم َما ِم ْن ُك ْم ِم ْن أ َ َح ٍد إَّل‬
And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, “There is none among you but
that his Lord will speak to him without any translator between them.’ (It is agreed
upon.)

‫في إثبات العلو هلل وصفات أخرى‬

Affirming the highness of Allah and other attributes
ِ ‫اء َواِل َ ْر‬
‫ض‬ َّ ‫َّس ا ْس ُمكَ أ َ ْم ُركَ فِي ال‬
ِ ‫س َم‬ َ ‫اء تَقَد‬ َّ ‫يض َربَّنَا هللاَ الَّذِي فِي ال‬
ِ ‫س َم‬ ِ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ صلى هللا عليه وسلم فِي ُر ْقيَ ِة ْال َم ِر‬
‫الط ِيِّبِينَ أ َ ْن ِز ْل َرحْ َمةً ِم ْن‬
َّ ُّ‫طا َيانَا أ َ ْنتَ َرب‬
َ ‫ض ا ْغ ِف ْر لَنَا ُحوبَنَا َو َخ‬ ِ ‫اء اجْ َع ْل َرحْ َمتَكَ فِي اِل َ ْر‬ِ ‫س َم‬َّ ‫َك َما َرحْ َمتُكَ فِي ال‬
ُ ‫س ٌن َر َواهُ أَبُو دَ ُاودَ َوغ‬
ُ‫َيره‬ َ ‫ِيث َح‬ ٌ ‫علَى َهذَا ْال َو ِجعِ فَيَب َْرأ َ َحد‬ َ َ‫َرحْ َمتِكَ َو ِشفَا ًء ِم ْن ِشفَائِك‬
And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, regarding incantations for the
sick, ‘Our Lord is Allah, who is in the heavens. Holy is Your name, Your
command is in the heavens and on the earth. As Your mercy is in the heavens,

21
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

place Your mercy upon the earth. Forgive our mistakes and our sins. You are the
Lord of all who are good. Send down mercy from Your mercy, healing from Your
healing, upon this pain that it might pass.’ It is a fair tradition narrated by Abu
Dawud and others.
‫ص ِحي ٌح‬ ٌ ‫اء َحد‬
َ ‫ِيث‬ ِ ‫س َم‬ ُ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ صلى هللا عليه وسلم أََّلَ ت َأ ْ َمنُونِي َوأَنَا أ َ ِم‬
َّ ‫ين َم ْن فِي ال‬
And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, ‘Will you not trust me while I
am trusted by Him in the heavens?’ It is an authentic tradition.
‫س ٌن َر َواهُ أَبُو‬ َ ‫اء َوهللاُ فَ ْوقَ ْال َع ْر ِش َو ُه َو يَ ْعلَ ُم َما أ َ ْنت ُ ْم‬
ٌ ‫علَ ْي ِه َحد‬
َ ‫ِيث َح‬ ِ ‫ش فَ ْوقَ ْال َم‬
ُ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ صلى هللا عليه وسلم َو ْال َع ْر‬
َ ‫دَ ُاودَ َو‬
ُ‫غي ُْره‬
And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, ‘The Throne was above water,
and Allah is above the Throne. He knows what you do.’ It is a fair tradition
narrated by Abu Dawud and others.
‫سو ُل هللاِ قَا َل أ َ ْعتِ ْق َها فَإِنَّ َها‬
ُ ‫ت أ َ ْنتَ َر‬
ْ َ‫اء قَا َل َم ْن أَنَا قَال‬
ِ ‫س َم‬ ِ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ صلى هللا عليه وسلم لُ ْل َج‬
ْ َ‫اريَ ِة أَيْنَ هللاُ قَال‬
َّ ‫ت فِي ال‬
‫ُمؤْ ِمنَةٌ َر َواهُ ُم ْس ِل ٌم‬
And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, to the slave girl, ‘Where is
Allah?’ She said, ‘In the heavens.’ He said, ‘Who am I?’ She said, ‘You are the
Messenger of Allah.’ He said, ‘Free her, for she is a believer.’ It was narrated by
Muslim.

‫في إثبات المعية‬

Affirming the omnipresence of Allah
‫س ٌن‬ ٌ ‫ان أ َ ْن ت َ ْعلَ َم أ َ َّن هللاَ َمعَكَ َح ْيث ُ َما ُك ْنتَ َحد‬
َ ‫ِيث َح‬ َ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ صلى هللا عليه وسلم أ َ ْف‬
ِ ‫ض ُل‬
ِ ‫اإلي َم‬
And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, ‘Among the best of faith is to
know that Allah is with you wherever you are.’ It is a fair tradition.

‫في إثبات كون هللا قبل وجه المصلي‬

Affirming the presence of Allah in front of one who prays
َ َ‫صقَ َّن قِبَ َل َوجْ ِه ِه َوَّل‬
‫ع ْن يَ ِمينِ ِه فَإ ِ َّن هللاَ قِبَ َل َوجْ ِه ِه‬ َّ ‫ام أ َ َحدُ ُك ْم ِإلَى ال‬
ُ ‫صَلةِ فََلَ يَ ْب‬ َ َ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ صلى هللا عليه وسلم ِإذَا ق‬
َ ‫ار ِه أ َ ْو تَحْ تَ قَدَ ِم ِه ُمتَّفَ ٌق‬
‫علَ ْي ِه‬ ِ ‫س‬ َ ‫َولَ ِك ْن‬
َ ‫ع ْن َي‬

22
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, ‘When one of you stands to
pray, let him not spit to his front, nor to his right, for Allah is in front of him.
Rather, let him spit to his left or beneath his feet.’ It is agreed upon.

‫في إثبات العلو وصفات أخرى‬

Affirming the highness of Allah and other attributes
َ‫َيءٍ فَالِق‬ ْ ‫ض َو َربَّ ْالعَ ْر ِش ْالعَ ِظ ِيم َربَّنَا َو َربَّ ُك ِِّل ش‬ ِ ‫سبْعِ َواِل َ ْر‬ َّ ‫ت ال‬ ِ ‫س َم َوا‬َّ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ صلى هللا عليه وسلم الل ُه َّم َربَّ ال‬
ِ ‫آخذٌ ِبن‬
‫َاصيَتِ َها‬ ِ َ‫عوذُ ِبكَ ِم ْن ش ِ َِّر نَ ْفسِي َو ِم ْن ش ِ َِّر ُك ِِّل دَابَّ ٍة أ َ ْنت‬ ُ َ ‫اإل ْن ِجي ِل َو ْالقُ ْرآنَ أ‬
ِ ‫ب َوالنَّ َوى ُم ْن ِز َل الت َّ ْو َراةِ َو‬ ِ ِّ ‫ْال َح‬
َ ‫اط ُن فَلَي‬
‫ْس‬ ِ ‫ش ْي ٌء َوأ َ ْنتَ ْال َب‬
َ َ‫ْس فَ ْوقَك‬ َّ َ‫ْس َب ْعدَكَ شَي ٌء َوأ َ ْنت‬
َ ‫الظاه ُِر فَلَي‬ َ ‫اْلخ ُر فَلَي‬
ِ َ‫َي ٌء َوأ َ ْنت‬
ْ ‫ْس قَ ْبلَكَ ش‬ َ ‫أ َ ْنتَ اِل َ َّو ُل فَلَي‬
‫عنِِّي الدَّيْنَ َوأ َ ْغنِنِي ِمنَ ْالفَ ْق ِر ِر َوايَةُ ُم ْس ِل ٌم‬ َ ‫ض‬ ِ ‫َي ٌء ا ْق‬
ْ ‫دُونَكَ ش‬
And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, ‘O Allah, Lord of the heavens
and Lord of the earth, Lord of the Great Throne, our Lord and the Lord of all
things, the Splitter of the grain and the seed, the Revealer of the Torah, the Gospel,
and the Quran, I seek refuge in You from the evil of myself and the evil of every
creature whose forelock You hold. O Allah, You are the First, there is nothing
before You. You are the Last, there is nothing after You. You are the Manifest,
there is nothing above You. You are the Hidden, there is nothing beyond You.
Relinquish my debts and enrich me from poverty.’ It was narrated by Muslim.

‫في إثبات قرب هللا تعالى‬

Affirming the nearness of Allah the Exalted
َ‫علَى أ َ ْنفُ ِس ُك ْم فَإِنَّ ُك ْم َّلَ ت َ ْدعُون‬
َ ‫أربِعُوا‬ ُ َّ‫ص َوات َ ُه ْم بِال ِذِّ ْك ِر أَيُّ َها الن‬
ْ ‫اس‬ ْ َ ‫ص َحابَةُ أ‬
َّ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ صلى هللا عليه وسلم لَ َّما َرفَ َع ال‬
‫علَ ْي ِه‬
َ ‫احلَتِ ِه ُمتَّفَ ٌق‬ِ ‫ق َر‬ ِ ُ ‫عن‬ُ ‫ب ِإلَى أ َ َح ِد ُك ْم ِم ْن‬
ُ ‫عونَهُ أ َ ْق َر‬
ُ ‫يرا قَ ِريبًا ِإ َّن الَّذي ت َ ْد‬ ً ‫ص‬
ِ ‫س ِميعًا َب‬ َ َ‫أ‬
َ َ‫ص َّم َوَّلَ غَائِبًا ِإنَّ َما تَدْعُون‬
And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, when they raised their voices in
supplication, ‘O people, be gentle with yourselves for you are not calling upon one
who is deaf or absent. Rather, you are calling upon the Hearing, the Seeing. Verily,
the One you call upon is closer to you than the neck of your riding animal.’ It
is agreed upon.

‫إثبات رؤية المؤمنين لربهم‬

Affirming the looking of the believers at their Lord

23
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

َ َ ‫ضا ُمونَ فِي ُرؤْ يَتِ ِه فَإ ِ ِن ا ْست‬

‫ط ْعت ُ ْم‬ َ ُ ‫ست ََر ْونَ َربَّ ُك ْم َك َما ت ََر ْونَ ْالقَ َم َر لَ ْيلَةَ ْالبَد ِْر َّلَ ت‬
َ ‫َوقَ ْولُهُ صلى هللا عليه وسلم إِنَّ ُك ْم‬
‫علَ ْي ِه‬َ ‫غ ُرو ِب َها فَا ْف َعلُوا ُمتَّفَ ٌق‬ ُ ‫صَلةٍ قَ ْب َل‬ َ ‫ش ْم ِس َو‬ َّ ‫طلُوعِ ال‬ ُ ‫صَلةٍ قَ ْب َل‬
َ ‫علَى‬َ ‫أَن َّلَّ ت ُ ْغلَبُوا‬
And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, ‘Verily, you will see your Lord
as you see the full moon at night. You will have no difficulty seeing Him. If you
are able to avoid missing a prayer before sunrise and before sunset, then do so.’ It
is agreed upon.

‫وسطية أهل السنة والجماعة بين فرق األمة‬

The middle way of Ahl al-Sunnah wal Jamā’ah between the sects of the
Muslim nation
ِ َّ‫عن َّر ِب ِه بِ َما ي ُْخ ِب ُر ِب ِه فَإ ِ َّن ْال ِف ْرقَةَ الن‬
َ‫اجيَة‬ َ ‫سو ُل هللاِ صلى هللا عليه وسلم‬ ُ ‫ث الَّتِي ي ُْخ ِب ُر فِي َها ِر‬
ِ ‫ِإلَى أ َ ْمثَا ِل َه ِذ ِه اِل َ َحادِي‬
‫غي ِْر تَحْ ِريفٍ َوَّل ت َ ْع ِطي ٍل َو ِم ْن‬ َ ‫سنَّ ِة َو ْال َج َما‬
َ ‫ع ِة يُؤْ ِمنُونَ ِبذَلِكَ َك َما يُؤْ ِمنُونَ ِب َما أ َ ْخ َب َر هللاُ ِب ِه ِفي ِكت َا ِب ِه ِم ْن‬ ُّ ‫أ َ ْه َل ال‬
‫غي ِْر ت َ ْكيِيفٍ َوَّلَ ت َْمثِي ٍل‬ َ
For the likes of these traditions which were reported by the Messenger of Allah,
peace and blessings be upon him, from his Lord and about Him, the saved
group Ahl al-Sunnah wal Jamā’ah believe in all of that, just as they believe in what
Allah related in His book, without distortion or negation, and without ascribing a
modality or making comparisons with creation.
‫س ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَى‬ ُ ِ‫ت هللا‬ ِ ‫صفَا‬ ِ ‫ب‬ ِ ‫ط فِي بَا‬ ٌ ‫س‬ َ ‫ط فِي اِل ُ َم ِم فَ ُه ْم َو‬ُ ‫س‬ َ ‫ِي ْال َو‬ ُ
َ ‫ق اِل َّم ِة َك َما أ َ َّن اِل َّمةَ ه‬
ُ ِ ‫ط فِي فِ َر‬ ُ ‫س‬ َ ‫بَ ْل ُه ُم ْال َو‬
‫ب أ َ ْف َعا ِل هللاِ َبيْنَ ا ْل َجب ِْريَّ ِة َو ْالقَدَ ِريَّ ِة‬
ِ ‫ط فِي َبا‬ ٌ ‫س‬ َ ‫َبيْنَ أ ْه ِل الت َّ ْع ِطي ِل ْال َج ْه ِميَّ ِة َوأ َ ْه ِل الت َّ ْمثِي ِل ْال ُم‬
َ ‫ش ِبِّ َهة َو ُه ْم َو‬
Rather, they take the middle path regarding the sects of the Muslim nation, just as
the Muslim nation is in the middle of all nations. They are in the middle regarding
the attributes of Allah, glory be to Him, the Exalted, between the people of
negation (al-Jahmīyah) and the people of anthropomorphism (al-Mushabbihah).
They are in the middle regarding the actions of Allah, between the fatalists (al-
Jabrīyah) and those who deny providence (al-Qadarīyah).
‫وال َو ِعي ِديَّ ِة ِمنَ ْالقَدَ ِريَّ ِة َو ِغي ِْر ِه ْم‬
ْ ‫ب َو ِعي ِد هللاِ بَيْنَ ْال ُم ْر ِجئ َ ِة‬
ِ ‫َوفِي بَا‬
On the topic of the threat of Allah (of punishment on Judgment Day), they are
between those who deny the harm of major sins (al-Murji’ah) and those who deny
the forgiveness of Allah (al-Wa’īdīyah), among those who deny providence and
others.
‫وريَّ ِة َو ْال ُم ْعت َِزلَ ِة َوبَيْنَ ْال ُم ْر ِجئ َ ِة َو ْال َج ْه ِميَّ ِة‬
ِ ‫ِّين َبيْنَ ْال َح ُر‬
ِ ‫ان وال ِد‬
ِ ‫اإلي َم‬
ِ ‫اء‬ِ ‫ب أ َ ْس َم‬
ِ ‫َوفِي َبا‬
24
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

On the topic of including people in the fold of the faith and the religion, they are
between the extreme literalists (al-Ḥarūrīyah) and extreme rationalists (al-
Mu’tazilah), and between those who deny that actions are part of faith and those
who affirm determinism.

ِ‫ض ِة َو ْالخ ََو ِارج‬

َ ِ‫الراف‬
َّ َ‫سو ِل هللاِ صلى هللا عليه وسلم بَيْن‬
ُ ‫ب َر‬ ْ َ ‫َوفِي أ‬
ِ ‫ص َحا‬
Regarding the companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon
him, they are between those who rejected Mu’āwīyah (al-Rāfiḍah) and those who
rebelled against ‘Alī (al-Khawārij).

‫يدخل في اإليمان باهلل أنه سبحانه فوق سماواتِه علي على عرشه‬
Part of faith in Allah is that He, glory be to Him, is above the heavens over the
Throne
‫سو ِل ِه صلى هللا عليه وسلم‬ َ ‫ان بِ َما أ َ ْخبَ َر هللاُ بِ ِه فِي ِكت َابِ ِه َوت ََوات ََر‬
ُ ‫عن َّر‬ ُ ‫اإلي َم‬
ِ ِ‫ان بِاهلل‬ ِ َ‫َوقَ ْد دَ َخ َل فِي َما ذَ َك ْرنَاهُ ِمن‬
ِ ‫اإلي َم‬
‫ف اِل ُ َّم ِة‬
ُ َ‫سل‬ َ ‫َوأَجْ َم َع‬
َ ‫علَ ْي ِه‬
Included in what we mentioned of faith in Allah is faith in what Allah related in
His book, what is unanimously reported from His messenger, peace and blessings
be upon him, and what the Muslim nation’s righteous predecessors came to
consensus upon.
‫املُونَ َك َما‬ َ ‫س ْب َحانَهُ َمعَ ُه ْم أ َ ْينَ َما َكانُوا يَ ْعلَ ُم َما ُه ْم‬
ِ ‫ع‬ ُ ‫علَى خ َْل ِق ِه َو ُه َو‬
َ ‫ي‬ٌّ ‫ع ِل‬
َ ‫ع ْر ِش ِه‬َ ‫علَى‬ َ َ‫س ْب َحانَهُ َف ْوق‬
َ ‫س َم َاواتِ ِه‬ ُ ُ‫ِم ْن أَنَّه‬
‫علَى ْال َع ْر ِش َي ْعلَ ُم َما َي ِل ُج فِي‬ َ ‫ض فِي ِست َّ ِة أَي ٍَّام ث ُ َّم ا ْست ََوى‬ َ ‫ت َواِل َ ْر‬ ِ ‫س َم َاوا‬ َّ ‫َج َم َع بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ في َقَ ْو ِل ِه ُه َو الَّذِي َخلَقَ ال‬
‫ير‬
ٌ ‫ص‬ َّ ‫س َماء َو َما يَ ْع ُر ُج فِي َها َو ُه َو َمعَ ُك ْم أَيْنَ َما ُكنت ُ ْم َو‬
ِ َ‫َّللاُ ِب َما ت َ ْع َملُونَ ب‬ َّ ‫نز ُل ِمنَ ال‬ِ َ‫ض َو َما يَ ْخ ُر ُج ِم ْن َها َو َما ي‬ ِ ‫اِل َ ْر‬
Among it is that He, glory be to Him, is above His heavens, over the Throne,
transcendent over His creation. And He, glory be to Him, is with them wherever
they are. He knows what they do, as this is all mentioned in His saying, ‘It is He
who created the heavens and the earth in six days, then He rose above the Throne.
He knows what enters the earth and what comes out from it and what descends
from the sky and what ascends therein. He is with you wherever you are, for Allah
sees what you are doing.’ (57:4)
‫صغ َِر َمخلُوقَاتِ ِه َو ُه َو‬ ِ ‫وجبُهُ اللُّغَةُ َب ِل ْالقَ َم ُر آ َيةٌ ِم ْن آ َيا‬
ْ َ ‫ت هللاِ ِم ْن أ‬ ِ ‫ط ِب ْالخ َْل‬
ِ ُ ‫ق فَإ ِ َّن َهذَا َّلَ ت‬ ٌ ‫ْس َم ْعنَى قَ ْو ِل ِه أَنَّهُ ُم ْخت َ ِل‬
َ ‫َولَي‬
َ ‫غي ُْر ْال ُم‬
َ‫سافِ ِر أ َ ْينَ َما َكان‬ َ ‫سافِ ِر َو‬ َ ‫اء َو ُه َو َم َع ْال ُم‬ ِ ‫س َم‬ َّ ‫ع فِي ال‬ ٌ ‫ضو‬ُ ‫َم ْو‬
His saying, ‘He is with you,’ does not mean that He is mingling within the
Creation, for this is not what is necessitated by the language. Rather, the moon is a

25
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

sign among the signs of Allah even to the smallest of His creatures. It is placed in
the heavens and it is ‘with the traveler or resident’ wherever they are.
َ ‫علَ ْي ِهم ِإلَى‬
‫غي ِْر ذَلِكَ ِمن َّم َعانِي ُربُوبِيَّتِ ِه َو ُك ُّل‬ َ ‫ط ِل ٌع‬ َ ‫علَى خ َْل ِق ِه ُم َهي ِْم ٌن‬
َّ ‫علَ ْي ِه ْم ُم‬ َ َ‫س ْب َحانَهُ فَ ْوق‬
َ ٌ‫ع ْر ِش ِه َرقِيب‬ ُ ‫َو ُه َو‬
َ ‫َلم الَّذِي ذَ َك َرهُ هللاُ ِم ْن أَنَّهُ فَ ْوقَ ْالعَ ْر ِش َوأَنَّهُ َمعَنَا َح ٌّق‬
‫علَى َح ِقيقَتِ ِه‬ ِ ‫َهذَا ْال َك‬
And He, glory be to Him, is above His Throne, observing His creation, guarding
over them, and aware of them, including other features of His Lordship. All of this
discourse, which Allah mentioned, such that He is above the Throne and that He is
with us, is true in its reality.
ُ‫س َما َء ت ُ ِظلُّه‬
َّ ‫س َماء أ َ َّن ال‬
َّ ‫ظاه َِر قَ ْو ِل ِه ِفي ال‬ َ ُ‫ون ْال َكا ِذ َب ِة ِمثْ ِل أ َ ْن ي‬
َ ‫ظ َّن أ َ َّن‬ ُّ ‫ع ِن‬
ِ ُ‫الظن‬ َ ‫ان‬ ُ ‫ص‬ َ ُ‫َّلَ َيحْ ت َا ُج إ َ َلى تَحْ ِريفٍ َولَ ِك ْن ي‬
‫ان‬ ِ ‫اط ٌل بِإِجْ َماعِ أ َ ْه ِل ْال ِع ْل ِم َو‬
ِ ‫اإلي َم‬ ِ َ‫أ َ ْو ت ُ ِقلُّهُ َو َهذَا ب‬
It is in no need of distortion. Rather, it should be preserved against false
speculation, such as one who speculates that the literal meaning of His saying, ‘In
the heavens,’ is that the heavens contain Him or limit Him. This is false according
to the consensus of the people of knowledge and faith.
‫س َما َء أ َ ْن تَقَ َع‬
َّ ‫ض أ َ ْن ت َُزوَّلَ َوي ُْم ِسكُ ال‬
َ ‫ت َواِل َ ْر‬ ِ ‫س َم َوا‬ َّ ‫ض َو ُه َو ي ُْم ِسكُ ال‬ ِ ‫ت َواِل َ ْر‬ ِ ‫س َم َوا‬ َّ ‫إن هللاَ قَ ْد َو ِس َع ُك ْر ِسيُّهُ ال‬
َّ َ‫ف‬
‫ض بِأ َ ْم ِر ِه‬ ُ ‫س َما ُء َواِل َ ْر‬ َ ُ‫ض إَّلَّ بِإ ِ ْذنِ ِه َو َم ْن آيَاتِ ِه أ َ ْن تَق‬
َّ ‫وم ال‬ ِ ‫علَى اِل َ ْر‬ َ
For the footstool of Allah extends over the heavens and the earth. He keeps the
heavens and the earth from passing away and He keeps the heavens from falling to
the earth. Among His signs are that the heavens and the earth are sustained by His
command.

‫يدخل في اإليمان باهلل أنَّه قريب من خلقه‬

Part of faith in Allah is that He is near to His creation
ٌ‫عنِِّي فَإِنِِّي قَ ِريب‬ َ ‫سأَلَكَ ِعبَادِي‬ َ ‫ان بِأَنَّهُ قَ ِريبٌ ُم ِجيبٌ َك َما َج َم َع بينَ ذَلِكَ في قَ ْو ِل ِه َوإِذَا‬ ِ َ‫َوقَد دَّ َخ َل فِي ذَلِك‬
ُ ‫اإلي َم‬
‫سنَّ ِة ِم ْن‬
ُّ ‫ب َوال‬ ِ ‫احلَتِ ِه َو َما ذُ ِك َر فِي ْال ِكتِا‬
ِ ‫ق َر‬ِ ‫عن‬ ُ ‫ب إِلَى أ َ َح ِد ُكم ِ ِّمن‬ُ ‫عونَهُ أ َ ْق َر‬ ُ ‫َوقَ ْو ِل ِه صلى هللا عليه وسلم إِ َّن الَّذِي ت َ ْد‬
‫ي فِي‬ َ ‫َي ٌء فِي َج ِميعِ نُعُوتِ ِه َو ُه َو‬
ٌّ ‫ع ِل‬ ْ ‫ْس َك ِمثْ ِل ِه ش‬
َ ‫س ْب َحانَهُ لَي‬ ُ ُ‫علُ ِّ ِو ِه َوفَ ْوقِيَّتِ ِه فَإِنَّه‬
ُ ‫قُ ْر ِب ِه َو َم ِعيَّتِ ِه َّلَ يُنَافِي َما ذُ ِك َر ِم ْن‬
‫علُ ِّ ِو ِه‬
ُ ‫دُنُ ِّ ِوه قَ ِريبٌ فِي‬
Included in all of that is faith in His nearness and answering supplications, as all
this is mentioned in His saying, ‘If My servants ask you about me, then verily I am
near,’ (2:186). And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, ‘Verily, He
whom you call upon is closer to you than the neck of your riding animal.’ And
what is mentioned in the Book and the Sunnah of His nearness and His

26
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

omnipresence do not negate what we mentioned of His highness and

transcendence. For He, glory be to Him, is not like anything else in all of His
qualities. He is exalted in His proximity and near in His transcendence.

َّ ‫اإليمان بأن القرآن كالم هللا‬

‫منزل غير مخلوق‬
Faith in the Quran as the revealed, uncreated Speech of Allah
‫ق ِم ْنهُ بَدَأ َ َوإِلَ ْي ِه يَعُودُ َوأ َ َّن هللاَ ت َ َكلَّ َم بِ ِه‬ َ ‫اإليمان بِأ َ َّن ْالقُ ْرآنَ َكَل ُم هللاِ ُمن ََّز ٌل‬
ٍ ‫غي ُْر َم ْخلُو‬ ُ ‫ان باهللِ َو ُكتُبِ ِه‬
ِ ‫اإلي َم‬
ِ َ‫َو ِمن‬
َ ‫َلم‬
‫غي ِْر ِه‬ ً
َ ‫علَى ُم َح َّم ٍد صلى هللا عليه وسلم ُه َو َكَل ُم هللاِ َح ِقيقَة َّلَ َك‬ َ َّ ْ َ
َ ُ‫َح ِقيقَةً َوأ َّن َهذَا القُ ْرآنَ الذِي أ ْنزَ لَه‬
Part of faith in Allah and His books is faith that the Quran is the word of Allah,
revealed and uncreated. It originated from Him and to Him it will return. And that
Allah speaking it is reality, and that this Quran which was revealed to Muhammad,
peace and blessings be upon him, is the word of Allah in reality, not the speech of
anyone else.
ْ‫ف لَ ْم يَ ْخ ُرج‬ ِ ‫اح‬ِ ‫ص‬َ ‫اس أ َ ْو َكتَبُوهُ فِي ْال َم‬ ُ َّ‫ارة ٌ بَ ْل ِإذَا قَ َرأَهُ الن‬
َ َ‫ع ْن َكَلَ ِم هللاِ أ َ ْو ِعب‬ َ ٌ‫َلق ْالقَ ْو ِل ِبأَنَّهُ ِح َكايَة‬
ُ ‫ط‬ ْ ‫وز ِإ‬
ُ ‫َوَّل يَ ُج‬
‫اف َح ِقيقَةً ِإلَى َم ْن قَالَهُ ُم ْبت َ ِدئًا َّلَ إلَى َم ْن قَالَهُ ُم َب ِلِّغًا‬ ُ ‫ض‬ َ ُ‫َلم هللاِ ت َ َعالَى َح ِقيقَةً فَإ ِ َّن ْال َكَلَ َم إِنَّ َما ي‬
َ ‫ع ْن أ َ ْن َي ُكونَ َك‬
َ َ‫ِبذَلِك‬
‫ُم َؤ ِدِّيًا‬
It is not permissible to claim it is an allegory of the of the word of Allah, or an
expression of it. Rather, if people read it or write it in the scriptural copy (al-
muṣḥaf), that does not exclude it from being the word of Allah the Exalted in
reality, for speech is only attributed in reality to whoever said it first and not to the
one who later announced it or declared it.
ِ ‫ي دُونَ ْال ُح ُر‬
‫وف‬ َ ِ‫وف دُونَ ْال َمعَانِي َوَّلَ ْال َمعَان‬
َ ‫ْس َكَل ُم هللاِ ْال ُح ُر‬
َ ‫َو ُه َو َكَل ُم هللاِ ُح ُروفُهُ و َمعَانِي ِه لَي‬
It is the speech of Allah, its letters and its meaning. The speech of Allah is not
letters without meaning, nor meaning without letters.

‫اإليمان بأن المؤمنين يرون ربهم يوم القيامة‬

Faith that the believers will see their Lord on the Day of Resurrection
‫ان بِأ َ َّن ْال ُمؤْ ِمنِينَ يَ َر ْونَهُ يَ ْو َم ْال ِقيَا َم ِة‬
ُ ‫س ِل ِه اإلي َم‬ُ ‫ان بِ ِه َوبِ ُكتُبِ ِه َوبِ َمَلَئِ َكت َ ِه َوبِ ُر‬ ِ َ‫ضا فِي َما ذَ َك ْرنَاهُ ِمن‬
ِ ‫اإلي َم‬ ً ‫َوقَد دَّ َخ َل أ ْي‬
‫ضا ُمونَ فِي ُرؤْ يَتِ ِه‬ َ ُ‫س َحابٌ َو َك َما َي َر ْونَ ْالقَ َم َر لَ ْيلَةَ ْال َبد ِْر َّلَ ي‬ َ ‫ْس ِب َها‬ َ ‫صحْ ًوا لَي‬ َ ‫س‬ َّ ‫ار ِه ْم َك َما َي َر ْونَ ال‬
َ ‫ش ْم‬ ِ ‫ص‬َ ‫ع َيانًا بِأ َ ْب‬
َ
َ َ َّ ْ ُ ُ
‫ت ال ِقيَا َم ِة ث َّم يَ َر ْونَهُ بَ ْعدَ دُخو ِل ال َجن ِة ك َما يَشَا ُء هللاُ تَعَالى‬ ْ ِ ‫صا‬ َ ‫ع َر‬ ُ
َ ‫س ْب َحانَهَ َوه ْم فِي‬ ُ ُ‫يَ َر ْونَه‬

27
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

Included also in what we mentioned of faith in Him, His books, His angels, and
His messengers, is faith that the believers will see Him on the Day of Resurrection
with the vision of their eyes, just as they see the sun on a clear day without clouds.
Just as they see the full moon at night, they will have no difficulty in seeing Him.
They will see Him, glory be to Him, while in the courts of the Resurrection, and
they will see Him after they have entered Paradise, as Allah the Exalted wills.

‫اإليمان ِب ُك ِ ِّل ما أخبر به النبي صلى هللا عليه وسلم ِم َّما يكون بَ ْعد ال َموت‬
Faith in everything the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, reported of
what occurs after death
ِ ‫ون بَ ْعدَ ْال َم ْو‬
َ‫ت فَيُؤْ ِمنُون‬ ُ ‫ي صلى هللا عليه وسلم ِم َّما يَ ُك‬ ُّ ‫ان ِب ُك ِِّل َما أ َ ْخبَ َر ِب ِه النَّ ِب‬ُ ‫اْلخ ِر اإلي َم‬ِ ‫ان ِب ْاليَ ْو ِم‬ ِ ‫اإلي َم‬
ِ َ‫َو ِمن‬
َ‫للر ُج ِل َمن َّربُكَ َو َما دِينُك‬ ِ ‫اس يُ ْمت َ َحنُونَ ِفي قُب‬
ِّ ِ ‫ُور ِه ْم فَيُقَا ُل‬ َ َّ‫يم ِه فَأ َ َّما ْال ِفتْنَةُ فَإ ِ َّن الن‬
ِ ‫ب ْالقَب ِْر َونَ ِع‬
ِ ‫ِب ِفتْنَ ِة ْالقَب ِْر َو ِب َعذَا‬
‫َو َمن نَّبِيُّك‬
Part of faith in the Last Day is to have faith in everything reported by the Prophet,
peace and blessings be upon him, of what comes after death, so they believe in the
trials of the grave, in the punishment of the grave and its blessings. As for the trial,
people will be interrogated in their graves. It will be said to a man, ‘Who is your
Lord? What is your religion? Who is your prophet?’
ٌ‫اإل ْسَلَ ُم دِينِي َو ُم َح َّمد‬ َ ِ‫اْلخ َرةِ فَيَقُو ُل ْالمؤْ ِم ُن َرب‬
ِ ‫ِّي هللاُ َو‬ ِ ‫ت فِي ْال َحيَاةِ الدُّ ْنيَا َوفِي‬ ِ ِ‫فيُثَبِِّتُ هللاُ الَّذِينَ آ َمنُوا بِ ْالقَ ْو ِل الثَّاب‬
ُ ‫ش ْيئًا فَقُ ْلتُهُ فَيُض َْر‬
‫ب‬ َ َ‫اس َيقُولُون‬ َ ‫َاب فَ َيقُو ُل هَاه هَاه َّلَ أَدْري‬
َ َّ‫س ِم ْعتُ الن‬ ُ ‫صلى هللا عليه وسلم نَ ِب ِيِّي َوأ َ َّما ْال ُم ْرت‬
َ‫صعِق‬ُ َ‫ان ل‬
ُ ‫س‬ َ ‫اإل ْن‬
ِ ‫س ِمعَ َها‬َ ‫سانَ َولَ ْو‬َ ‫اإل ْن‬ ْ ‫ص ْي َحةً يَ ْس َمعُ َها ُك ُّل ش‬
ِ َّ‫َيءٍ إَّل‬ َ ‫صي ُح‬ ِ َ‫بِ ِم ْرزَ بَ ٍة ِم ْن َحدِي ٍد فَي‬
Allah will keep firm those who had faith in the unshakable word in this worldly
life and in the Hereafter. The believer will say, ‘My Lord is Allah, Islam is my
religion, and Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, is my prophet.’ As for
one who doubted, he will say, ‘Oh oh! I do not know! I heard people saying
something so I said it!’ Then he will be struck with an iron bar and he will scream.
It will be heard by everything except human beings, for if they heard it, they would
faint.

‫القيامة الكبرى وأهوالها‬

The Greater Resurrection and its horrors
َ ْ‫وم ْال ِقيَا َمةُ ْال ُكبْرى فَت ُ َعادُ اِل َ ْر َوا ُح ِإلَى اِلج‬
‫سا ِد‬ َ ‫ث ُ َّم َب ْعدَ ِّه ِذ ِه ْال ِفتْنَ ِة إ َّما نَ ِعي ٌم َو ِإ َّما‬
َ ُ‫عذَابٌ ِإلَى أ َ ْن تَق‬
28
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

Then after this trial, whether it is blessed or whether it is punishment, the Greater
Resurrection will be established and the souls will return to their bodies.
َ‫علَ ْي َها ْال ُم ْس ِل ُمون‬
َ ‫سو ِلهُ صلى هللا عليه وسلم َوأَجْ َم َع‬ ُ ‫ان َر‬ ِ ‫س‬َ ‫علَى ِل‬َ ‫َوتَقُو ُم ْال ِق َيا َمةُ الَّتِي أ َ ْخ َب َر هللاُ بِ َها فِي ِكت َابِ ِه َو‬
ُ ‫ب ْال َم َو ِاز‬
‫ين‬ ُ ‫ص‬ َ ‫س َوي ُْل ِج ُم ُه ُم ْالعَ َر ُق فَت ُ ْن‬
ُ ‫ش ْم‬ َّ ‫غ ْرَّلً َوت َ ْدنُو ِم ْن ُه ُم ال‬ ُ ً ‫ب ْالعَالَ ِمينَ ُحفَاة‬
ُ ً ‫ع َراة‬ ِ ‫اس ِم ْن قُب‬
ِ ِّ ‫ُور ِه ْم ِل َر‬ ُ َّ‫فَيَقُو ُم الن‬
‫ت َم َو ِازينُهُ فَأ ُ ْولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ َخس ُِروا‬ ْ َّ‫ت َم َو ِازينُهُ فَأ ُ ْولَئِكَ ُه ُم ْال ُم ْف ِل ُحونَ َو َم ْن َخف‬ْ َ‫فَتُوزَ ُن ِب َها أ َ ْع َما ُل ْال ِعبَاد فَ َمن ثَقُل‬
َ‫س ُه ْم ِفي َج َهنَّ َم خَا ِلدُون‬ َ ُ‫أَنف‬
The Resurrection will be established, which Allah conveyed in His book and on
the tongue of His messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, and over which the
Muslims have a consensus. People will rise from their graves in front of their Lord
barefoot, naked, and uncircumcised. The sun will draw near to them and sweat will
pour over them. Then, the scales will be set up that the deeds of the servants would
be weighed, ‘Thus, whoever has his scale heavy (with good deeds), those are
among the successful, and whoever has his scale light (with good deeds), they are
those who have lost their souls to abide in Hell.’ (23:102-103)
‫ظ ْه ِر ِه َك َما قَا َل‬ ِ ‫وآخذٌ ِكت َابَهُ ِب ِش َما ِل ِه أ َ ْو ِم ْن َّو‬
َ ‫راء‬ ِ َ‫ف اِل َ ْع َما ِل ف‬
ِ ‫آخذٌ ِكت َا َبهُ بِ َي ِمينِ ِه‬ ُ ِ‫ص َحائ‬ َ ‫ِي‬ َ ‫ين َوه‬ ُ ‫َوت ُ ْنش َُر الد ََّوا ِو‬
‫ورا ا ْق َرأْ َكت َابَكَ كفى‬
ً ‫ش‬ُ ‫عنُ ِق ِه َونُ ْخ ِر ُج لَهُ يَ ْو َم ْال ِقيَا َم ِة ِكت َابًا يَ ْلقَاهُ َمن‬
ُ ‫طآئِ َرهُ فِي‬َ ُ‫ان أ َ ْلزَ ْمنَاه‬
ٍ ‫س‬ َ ‫س ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَى َو ُك َّل إِن‬ ُ
‫علَيْكَ َحسِيبًا‬ ْ
َ ‫ِبنَ ْفسِكَ اليَ ْو َم‬
The records will be distributed, and they are the written copies of deeds. One will
take his book in his right hand and another will take his book in his left hand or
from behind his back. As He said, glory be to Him the Exalted, ‘For every person
We have imposed his fate upon his neck, and We will produce for him on the Day
of Resurrection a record which he will encounter, spread open. (It will be said):
Read your book! Sufficient is your soul today to take you to account!’ (17:13-14)
‫ار فََل‬ ُ َّ‫سنَّ ِة َوأ َ َّما ْال ُكف‬ ِ ‫ف ذَلِكَ فِي ْال ِكت َا‬
ُّ ‫ب َوال‬ َ ‫ص‬ ِ ‫ب هللاُ الخََلئِقَ َويَ ْخلُو بِعَ ْب ِد ِه ْال ُمؤْ ِم ِن فَيُقَ ِ ِّر ُرهُ بِذُنُوبِ ِه َك َما ُو‬ ُ ‫َويُ َحا ِس‬
َ
‫عل ْي َها‬ َ َ‫صى فَيُوقَفُون‬ ُ َ َ َ
َ ْ‫سنَاتَ ل ُه ْم َول ِك ْن تُعَدُّ أ ْع َمال ُه ْم فَتُح‬َ ‫سيِِّئ َاتُهُ فَإِنَّهُ َّلَ َح‬
َ ‫سنَاتُهُ َو‬ َ ‫سبَة َم ْن تُوزَ ُن َح‬َ َ ‫سبُونَ ُم َحا‬ َ ‫يُ َحا‬
‫َويُقَ َّر ُرونَ ِب َها‬
Allah will hold the creation to account. He will meet privately with His faithful
servant and confess his sins, as is described in the Book and the Sunnah. As for the
unbelievers, they will not be held to account in the same way as one whose good
and evil deeds are balanced, for they have no good deeds at all. Rather, their evil
deeds deeds will be counted and calculated, such that they stand over them and
confess to them.
َ َ‫ضا ِمنَ اللَّبَ ِن َوأَحْ لَى ِمنَ ْالع‬
‫س ِل‬ َ َ ‫ي صلى هللا عليه وسلم ماؤُ ه أ‬
ً ‫شدُّ بَيَا‬ ِِّ ِ‫وض ْال َم ْو ُرودُ ِللنَّب‬
ُ ‫ت ْال ِقيَا َم ِة ْال َح‬ِ ‫صا‬َ ‫ع َر‬ َ ‫َوفِي‬
َ ُ ْ ً
‫ب ِم ْنهُ ش َْربَة َّلَ يَظ َمأ بَ ْعدَهَا أبَدًا‬
ُ ‫ش ْه ٌر َمن يَّ ْش َر‬
َ ُ ‫ضه‬ ُ ‫ع ْر‬ َ ‫ش ْه ٌر َو‬ ُ ُ
َ ُ‫اء طوله‬ِ ‫س َم‬َّ ‫وم ال‬ َ ُ‫آنِيَتُه‬
ِ ‫عدَدُ نُ ُج‬
29
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

And in the courts of the Resurrection is the Basin (al-ḥawḍ) belonging to the
Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, the water of which is whiter than milk
and sweeter than honey. Its drinking vessels are as numerous as the stars, the
length and width of a month of travel. Whoever drinks from it will never be thirsty
again.
‫علَى قَد ِْر أ َ ْع َما ِل ِه ْم‬
َ ‫علَ ْي ِه‬ ُ َّ‫ار َي ُم ُّر الن‬
َ ‫اس‬ ِ َّ‫ع َلى َمتْ ِن َج َهنَّ َم َو ُه َو ْال ِجس ُْر الَّذِي بَيْنَ ْال َجنَّ ِة َوالن‬
َ ٌ‫صوب‬ ُ ‫ط َم ْن‬ ُ ‫الص َرا‬
ِّ ِ ‫َو‬
‫وم ْن ُهم َمن يَ ُم ُّر َك ْالفَ َر ِس ْال َج َوا ِد‬
ِ ِ‫الريح‬ ِّ ِ ‫ق َو ِم ْن ُهم َمن يَ ُم ُّر َك‬ ِ ‫ص ِر َو ِم ْن ُهم َمن يَ ُم ُّر َك ْالبَ ْر‬ َ َ‫فَ ِم ْن ُه ْم َم ْن يَ ُم ُّر َكلَ ْمحِ ْالب‬
The straight and narrow path (al-ṣirāṭ) is erected over the top of Hell. It is a bridge
between Paradise and Hellfire. People will pass over it according to the measure of
their deeds. Among them are those who will pass in the blink of an eye, and among
them are those who pass like a flash of lightning. Among them are those who pass
like the wind, and among them are those who pass like a valiant steed.
‫ف زَ حْ فًا َو َم ْن ُهم َمن‬ ُ ‫عد ًْوا َو ِم ْن ُهم َمن يَ ْمشِي َم ْشيًا َو ِم ْن ُهم َمن يَ ْز َح‬ َ ‫وم ْن ُهم َمن يَ ْعد ُو‬ ِ ‫اإلبِ ِل‬ ِ ‫َو ِم ْن ُهم َمن يَ ُم ُّر َك ِر َكا‬
ِ ‫ب‬
‫اط دَ َخ َل‬ ِّ ِ ‫علَى‬
ِ ‫الص َر‬ َ ‫اس ِبأ َ ْع َما ِل ِهم فَ َم ْن َم َّر‬
َ َّ‫ف الن‬ُ ‫يب ت َْخ ِط‬ ُ ‫علَ ْي ِه َكَلَ ِل‬
َ ‫سر‬ َ ‫َطفًا َوي ُْلقَى فِي َج َهنَّ َم فَإ ِ َّن ْال ِج‬ ْ ‫فخ‬ ُ ‫ط‬ َ ‫ي ُْخ‬
‫ض فَإِذَا ُه ِذِّبُوا َونُقُّوا أُذِنَ لَ ُه ْم‬ ٍ ‫ض ِهم ِمن َب ْع‬ ِ ‫َص ِل َب ْع‬ ِ َّ‫ط َر ٍة َبيْنَ ْال َجنَّ ِة َوالن‬
َّ ‫ار فَيُ ْقت‬ َ ‫علَى قَ ْن‬َ ‫علَ ْي ِه َوقَفُوا‬
َ ‫ع َب ُروا‬ َ ‫ْال َجنَّةَ فَإِذَا‬
‫فِي دُ ُخو ِل ْال َجنَّ ِة‬
Among them are those who pass as if they were riding a camel, and among them
are those running quickly, or walking quickly, or crawling slowly. Among them
are those who are caught and thrown into Hell. For over the bridge are hooks to
catch people according to their deeds. Whoever passes over the narrow path will
enter Paradise. When they have traversed it, they will stop over an arch between
Paradise and Hellfire where they will settle any disputes between each other. When
they are polished and cleansed, they will be given permission to enter Paradise.
ُ‫اب ْال َجنَّ ِة النبي ُم َح َّمدٌ صلى هللا عليه وسلم َوأ َ َّو ُل َمن يَ ْد ُخ ُل ْال َجنَّةَ ِمنَ اِل ُ َم ِم أ ُ َّمتُه‬
َ َ‫َوأ َ َّو ُل َمن يَ ْست َ ْفتِ ُح ب‬
The first to open the gate of Paradise will be Prophet Muhammad, peace and
blessings be upon him, and the first among nations to enter Paradise will be his
nation.
َ ‫ف َحتَّى يُ ْق‬
‫ضى‬ ِ ِ‫عةُ اِل ُ ْولَى فَيَشفَ ُع فَي أ َ ْه ِل ْال َم ْوق‬ َّ ‫ت أ َ َّما ال‬
َ ‫شفَا‬ َ ‫شفَا‬
ٍ ‫عا‬ َ ‫َلث‬ُ َ ‫َولَه صلى هللا عليه وسلم فِي ْال ِقيَا َم ِة ث‬
‫ي إلَ ْي ِه‬
َ ‫ع ِة َحت َّى ت َ ْنت َ ِه‬ َّ ‫ع ِن ال‬
َ ‫شفَا‬ َ ‫سى َو ِعيسى اب ُْن َم ْريَ َم‬ َ ‫َب ْينَ ُه ْم بَ ْعدَ أ َ ْن َيت ََرا َج َع اِل َ ْنبِ َيا ُء آدَ ُم َونُو ٌح َوإِب َْراهِي ُم َو ُمو‬
He, peace and blessings be upon him, will have three intercessions during the
Resurrection. As for the first intercession, he will intercede on behalf of those held
behind until matters are settled between them, after the prophets Adam, Noah,

30
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

Abraham, Moses, and Jesus the son of Mary have passed on the intercession and it
is left to him.
ُ‫َان لَه‬
ِ ‫صت‬َّ ‫َان خَا‬
ِ ‫عت‬ َّ ‫عةُ الثَّانِ َيةُ فَ َي ْشفَ ُع فِي أ َ ْه ِل ْال َجنَّ ِة أَن َي ْد ُخلُوا ْال َجنَّة َوهَاتَانَ ال‬
َ ‫شفَا‬ َّ ‫َوأ َ َّما ال‬
َ ‫شفَا‬
As for the second intercession, he will intercede on behalf of the people of Paradise
to enter Paradise. These two intercessions are specific to him.
‫غي ِْر ِه ْم فَ َي ْشفَ ُع ِفي َم ِن‬
َ ‫الص ِد ِّيقِينَ َو‬ ِّ ِ ‫سا ِئ ِر النَّبِ ِيِّينَ َو‬ َ ‫عةُ لَهُ َو ِل‬ َ ‫شفَا‬ َ َّ‫عةُ الثَّا ِلثَةُ فَ َي ْشفَ ُع ِفي َم ِن ا ْست َ َح َّق الن‬
َّ ‫ار َو َه ِذ ِه ال‬ َ ‫شفَا‬َّ ‫َوأ َ َّما ال‬
ْ َ‫ع ٍة بَ ْل بِف‬
‫ض ِل ِه‬ َ ‫شفَا‬ َ ‫ير‬ ِ ‫ار أ َ ْق َوا ًما بِ ِغ‬ِ َّ‫ار أَن َّلَّ يَ ْد ُخلَ َها َويَ ْشفَ ُع فِي َم ْن دَ َخلَ َها أَن يَ ْخ ُر َج ِم ْن َها َوي ُْخ ِر ُج هللاُ ِمنَ الن‬ َ َّ‫ا ْست َ َح َّق الن‬
َ‫ئ هللاُ لَ َها أ َ ْق َوا ًما فَيُد ِْخلُ ُه ُم ْال َجنَّة‬ ُ ‫ع َّم ْن دَ َخلَ َها ِم ْن أ َ ْه ِل الدُّ ْنيَا فَيُ ْن ِش‬َ ‫ض ٌل‬ ْ َ‫َو َرحْ َمتِ ِه َويَ ْبقَى فِي ْال َجنَّ ِة ف‬
As for the third intercession, he will intercede for those who deserve Hellfire. This
intercession is for him and the rest of the prophets, the truthful, and others. He will
intercede for those who deserve Hellfire, that they would not enter it. He will
intercede for those who have entered it to be taken out of it, and Allah will take
people out of Hellfire without any intercession at all. Rather, it is only due to His
grace and His mercy. There will remain space in Paradise unoccupied by those
who entered it from the people of this world, so Allah will produce more people
and they will enter Paradise.
َ ‫اصي ُل ذَلِكَ َم ْذ ُك‬
‫ورة ٌ فِي‬ ِ َّ‫ب َو ْال َجنَّ ِة َوالن‬
ِ ‫ار َوت َ َف‬ ِ ‫ب َو ْال ِع َقا‬
ِ ‫ب َوالث َّ َوا‬ِ ‫سا‬ َ ‫اْلخ َرة ُ ِمنَ ْال ِح‬
ِ ‫َّار‬ ُ ‫ض َّمنَتْهُ الد‬
َ َ ‫َاف َما ت‬ ُ ‫صن‬ ْ َ ‫َوأ‬
‫ع ْن ُم َح َّم ٍد صلى هللا عليه‬ َ ‫ث‬ِ ‫اء َوفِي ْال ِع ْل ِم ْال َم ْو ُرو‬ِ َ‫ع ِن اِل َ ْنبِي‬
َ ‫ور‬ ِ ُ ‫ار ِمنَ ْال ِع ْل ِم ْال َمأْث‬
ِ َ ‫اء َواْلث‬ َّ ‫ب ْال ُمن ََّزلَ ِة ِمنَ ال‬
ِ ‫س َم‬ ِ ُ ‫ْال ُكت‬
ُ‫وسلم ِم ْن ذَلِكَ َما يَ ْش ِفي َويَ ْك ِفي فَ َم ِن ا ْبتَغَاهُ َو َجدَه‬
The topics included in the abode of the Hereafter are the reckoning, the reward, the
punishment, Paradise, and Hellfire. The details are mentioned in the revealed
books from heaven, the traces of knowledge left behind by the prophets, and in the
knowledge inherited from Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, which is
satisfactory and sufficient. Whoever seeks it will find it.

‫اإليمان بالقدر خيره وشره‬

Faith in providence, its good and its evil
َ ‫ان بِ ْالقَدَ ِر‬
ِ ‫علَى دَ َر َجت‬
‫َين ُك ُّل دَ َر َج ٍة‬ ِ ‫ع ِة بِ ْالقَدَ ِر َخي ِْر ِه َوش ِ َِّر ِه َو‬
ُ ‫اإلي َم‬ َ ‫سنَّ ِة َو ْال َج َما‬ ِ َّ‫َوتُؤْ ِم ُن ْال ِف ْرقَةُ الن‬
ُّ ‫اجيَةُ ِم ْن أ َ ْه ِل ال‬
َ ‫ض َّم ُن‬
‫ش ْيئَي ِْن‬ َ َ ‫تَت‬
The saved group among Ahl al-Sunnah wal Jamā’ah has faith in providence, its
good and its evil. Faith in providence has two aspects and each aspect contains two
matters.

31
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

‫وف بِ ِه أَزَ َّلً َوأَبَدًا‬

ٌ ‫ص‬ ُ ‫ِيم الَّذِي ُه َو َم ْو‬ِ ‫املُونَ بِ ِع ْل ِم ِه ْالقَد‬
ِ ‫ع‬َ ‫ع ِلي ٌم بِ ْالخ َْلق َو ُه ْم‬ ُ ‫فَالد ََّر َجةُ اِلُولَى اإلي َم‬
َ ‫ان بِأ َ َّن هللاَ تَعَالَى‬
ِ ‫ِير ْالخ َْل‬
‫ق‬ َ ‫وظ َمقَاد‬ ِ ُ‫َب هللاُ فِي اللَّ ْوحِ ْال َمحْ ف‬
َ ‫ق َواْل َجا ِل ث ُ َّم َكت‬ ِ ‫اصي َواِل َ ْرزَ ا‬ ِ ‫ت َو ْال َم َع‬
ِ ‫عا‬ َّ َ‫ع ِل َم َج ِمي َع أَحْ َوا ِل ِهم ِ ِّمن‬
َ ‫الطا‬ َ ‫َو‬
The first aspect is faith that Allah has (perfect) knowledge of the creation. They act
under His timeless knowledge, which He described as infinite and eternal. He
knows all of their circumstances of obedience, disobedience, provision, and life
spans. Thereafter, Allah wrote in the Preserved Tablet (al-lawḥ al-maḥfūẓ) the
destinies of the creation.
‫سانَ لَ ْم‬ َ ‫اإل ْن‬
ِ ‫اب‬ َ ‫ص‬ َ َ ‫ب َقا َل ا ْكتُبْ َما ُه َو َكائِ ٌن ِإلَى يَ ْو ِم ْال ِقيَا َم ِة فَ َما أ‬ ُ ُ ‫َفأ َ َّو ُل َما َخ َلقَ هللاُ ْال َق َل َم َقا َل َلهُ ا ْكتُبْ َقا َل َما أ َ ْكت‬
َّ ‫ف َك َما قَا َل ت َ َعالَى أَلَم ت َ ْعلَ ْم أ َ َّن‬
‫َّللاَ َي ْعلَ ُم َما ِفي‬ ُ ‫ص ُح‬ُّ ‫ت ال‬ِ ‫ط ِو َي‬ُ ‫ت اِل َ ْقَلَ ُم َو‬ ِ َّ‫ُصي َبهُ َجف‬ ِ ‫طأَهُ لَ ْم َي ُكن ِلِّي‬
َ ‫َي ُكن ِلِّي ُْخ ِطئَهُ َو َما أ َ ْخ‬
‫ض َوَّل في‬ ِ ‫صيبَ ٍة فِي اِل َ ْر‬ ِ ‫اب ِمن ُّم‬ َ ‫ص‬ َ َ ‫ِير َوقَال َما أ‬ َّ ‫علَى‬
ٌ ‫َّللاِ يَس‬ َ َ‫ب إِ َّن ذَلِك‬ ٍ ‫ض إِ َّن ذَلِكَ فِي ِكت َا‬ ِ ‫س َماء َواِل َ ْر‬ َّ ‫ال‬
‫ِير‬ َّ ‫علَى‬
ٌ ‫َّللاِ يَس‬ َ َ
َ َ‫ب ِ ِّمن قَ ْب ِل أن نَّب َْرأهَا ِإ َّن ذَلِك‬ ٍ ‫أَنفُ ِس ُك ْم إَِّلَّ فِي ِكت َا‬
The first thing Allah created was the Pen. He said to it, ‘Write!’ It said, ‘What shall
I write?’ Allah said, ‘Write what will be until the Day of Resurrection.’ Thus,
whatever befalls a human being could never be missed by him, and whatever is
missed by him could never befall him. The Pen has been lifted and the pages have
dried, as He the Exalted said, ‘Do you not know that Allah knows what is in the
heavens and on the earth? Verily, that is in a book and it is certainly easy for
Allah,’ (22:70). And He said, ‘Nothing afflicts you of calamities on the earth, nor
within yourselves, but that it is in a book before it is brought about. Verily, that is
easy for Allah.’ (57:22)
‫وظ َما شَا َء َوإِذَا‬ ِ ُ‫َب فِي اللَّ ْوحِ ْال َمحْ ف‬ َ ‫صيَلً فَقَ ْد َكت‬ ِ ‫اض َع ُج ْملَةً َوت َ ْف‬ ِ ‫ون فِي َم َو‬ ُ ‫س ْب َحانَهُ يَ ُك‬ ُ ‫ِير التَّابِ ُع ِل ِع ْل ِم ِه‬
ُ ‫َو َهذَا الت َّ ْقد‬
َ ‫ت فَيُقَا ُل لَهُ ا ْكتُبْ ِر ْزقَهُ َوأ َ َجلَهُ َو‬
ُ‫ع َملَه‬ ٍ ‫ث إِلَ ْي ِه َملَ ًكا فَيُؤْ َم ُر بِأ ْ ْربَعِ َك ِل َما‬
َ َ‫الروحِ فِي ِه بَع‬ ُّ ِ‫ين قَ ْب َل نَ ْفخ‬ ِ ِ‫سدَ ْال َجن‬
َ ‫َخلَقَ َج‬
‫غَلة ُ ْالقَدَ ِريَّ ِة قَدِي ًما َو ُمن ْن ِك ُرهُ ْال َي ْو َم قَ ِلي ٌل‬ ُ ‫س ِعيد ٌ َونَحْ َو ذَلِكَ فَ َهذَا الت َّ ْقد‬
ُ ُ‫ِير قَ ْد َكانَ يُ ْن ِك ُره‬ َ ‫ي أ َ ْم‬ ٌّ ‫ش ِق‬
َ ‫َو‬
This decree is according to His knowledge, glory be to Him, in situations both
general and specific. He has written in the Preserved Tablet whatever He wills.
When He creates a body before blowing the spirit into it, He dispatches an angel
and commands him to write four decrees. It is said to him, ‘Write his provision, his
life span, his deeds, and whether he is damned or blessed,’ and so on. This decree
was rejected in the past by the extremist al-Qadarīyah sect, but few reject it today.
‫ان بِأ َ َّن َما شَا َء هللاُ َكانَ َو َما لَ ْم يَشَأ ْ لَ ْم يَ ُك ْن‬
ُ ‫اإلي َم‬ِ ‫املَةُ َو ُه َو‬ َ ‫َوأ َ َّما الد ََّر َجةُ الثَّانِيَةُ فَ ِه‬
َّ ‫ي َمشِيئَةُ هللاِ النَّافِذَة ُ َوقُد َْرتُهُ ال‬
ِ ‫ش‬
ُ‫ون فِي ُم ْل ِك ِه َما َّلَ ي ُِريد‬ ُ ِ‫ون إَّلَّ ِب َمشِيئ َ ِة هللا‬
ُ ‫س ْب َحانَهُ َّلَ يَ ُك‬ ٍ ‫س ُك‬
ُ َ‫ض ِم ْن َح َر َك ٍة َوَّل‬ ِ ‫ت َو َما فِي اِل َ ْر‬ ِ ‫س َم َوا‬ َّ ‫َوأَنَّهُ َما فِي ال‬
The second aspect is the will of Allah, its execution, and His all-inclusive power. It
is faith that whatever Allah wills comes to pass, and whatever He does not will
does not come to pass, and that whatever is in the heavens or on the earth, of
32
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

movement or stillness, only occurs by the will of Allah, glory be to Him. Nothing
occurs in His dominion if He does not intend it.
ُ‫اء إَّلَّ هللا‬ َّ ‫ض َوَّلَ فِي ال‬
ِ ‫س َم‬ ِ ‫ق فِي اِل َ ْر‬ ٍ ‫ت َما ِم ْن َم ْخلُو‬ ِ ‫ت َو ْال َم ْعدُو َما‬ ِ ‫ِير ِمنَ ْال َم ْو ُجودَا‬
ٌ ‫َيءٍ قَد‬ ْ ‫علَى ُك ِِّل ش‬ ُ ُ‫َوأَنَّه‬
َ ُ‫س ْب َحانَه‬
‫صيَتِ ِه‬ِ ‫ع ْن َم ْع‬َ ‫س ِل ِه َونَ َها ُه ْم‬
ُ ‫ع ِة ُر‬ َ ‫عتِ ِه َو‬
َ ‫طا‬ َ ِ‫غي ُْرهُ َوَّلَ َربَّ ِس َواهُ َو َم َع ذَلِكَ فَقَ ْد أَ َم َر ْال ِعبَادَ ب‬
َ ‫طا‬ ُ ُ‫خَا ِلقُه‬
َ َ‫س ْب َحانَهُ َّل خَالِق‬
And that He, glory be to Him, has power over all things that exist and do not exist.
There are no creatures on the earth, nor anything in the heavens, except that Allah
is its Creator, glory be to Him. There is no Creator other than Him, nor is there a
Lord besides Him. Along with that, He has commanded the servants to obey Him
and to obey His messengers. He prohibited them from disobeying Him.
ُّ‫ت َوَّل ي ُِحب‬ َّ ‫ع ِملُوا ال‬
ِ ‫صا ِل َحا‬ َ ‫ع ِن الَّذِينَ آ َمنُوا َو‬
َ ‫ضى‬ َ ‫س ْب َحانَهُ ي ُِحبُّ ْال ُمتَّقِينَ َو ْال ُمحْ ِسنِينَ َو ْال ُم ْقسِطِينَ َويَ ْر‬
ُ ‫َو ُه َو‬
ْ ْ
َ َ‫ضى ِل ِعبَا ِدهُ ال ُك ْف َر َوَّلَ ي ُِحبُّ الف‬
َ‫ساد‬ َ ‫َاء َوَّلَ يَ ْر‬ ْ ْ ْ ْ
ِ ‫ع ِن القَ ْو ِم الفَا ِسقِينَ َوَّلَ يَأ ُم ُر ِبالفَحْ ش‬
َ ‫ضى‬ َ ‫ْال َكافِ ِرينَ َوَّلَ يَ ْر‬
He, glory be to Him, loves the righteous, the good-doers, and the just. He is
pleased with those who have faith and perform good deeds. He does not love
unbelievers and He is not pleased with sinful people. He has not commanded
immorality, nor is He pleased with the unbelief of His servants, nor does He love
corruption.
‫صائِ ُم ِو ِل ْل ِعبَا ِد‬ َّ ‫ص ِلِّي َوال‬ َ ‫اج ُر َو ْال ُم‬
ِ َ‫َّللاُ َخلَقَ أ ْف َعالَ ُهم َو ْال َع ْبدُ ُه َو ْال ُمؤْ ِم ُن َو ْال َكافِ ُر َو ْالبَ ُّر َو ْالف‬
َّ ‫َو ْال ِعبَادُ فَا ِعلُونَ َح ِقيقَةً َو‬
‫يم َو َما‬ َ ‫علَى أ َ ْع َما ِل ِه ْم َولَ ُه ْم إِ َرادَة ٌ َوهللاُ خَا ِلقُ ُه ْم َوقُد َْرت َ ُه ْم َوإِ َرادَت َ ُه ْم َك َما قَا َل تَعَالَى ِل َمن شَاء ِمن ُك ْم أَن يَ ْست َ ِق‬
َ ٌ ‫قُد َْرة‬
َ‫َّللاُ َربُّ ْالعَالَ ِمين‬
َّ ‫تَشَاؤُونَ إَِّلَّ أَن يَشَاء‬
The deeds of the servants are done by them in reality and Allah creates their deeds.
The servant can be a believer, an unbeliever, righteous, wicked, praying, or fasting.
The servants have a measure of ability over their actions and they have will. Allah
created them, their abilities, and their wills. As He the Exalted said, ‘For whoever
among you wills to be upright, yet you do not will except that Allah wills, the Lord
of the worlds.’ (81:28-29)
‫وس َه ِذ ِه اِل ُ َّم ِة‬ ِ ‫ي صلى هللا عليه وسلم َم ُج‬ َ َ‫عا َّمةُ ْال َقدَ ِريَّ ِة الَّذِين‬
ُّ ‫س َّما ُه ُم النَّ ِب‬ ُ ِّ‫َو َه ِذ ِه الد ََّر َجةُ ِمنَ ْال َقدَ ِر يُ َك ِذ‬
َ ‫ب ِب َها‬
‫ام ِه ُح ْك َم َها‬ ِ ‫ع ْن أ َ ْفعَا ِل هللاِ َوأَحْ َك‬
َ َ‫ُخر ُجون‬
ِ ‫ارهُ َوي‬ َ َ‫اختِي‬ ْ ‫سلَبُوا ْالعَ ْبدَ قُد َْرتَهُ َو‬ َ ‫ت َحتَّى‬ ِ ‫َويَ ْغلُو فِي َها قَو ٌم ِم ْن أ َ ْه ِل اإلثْبَا‬
‫صا ِل َح َها‬
َ ‫َو َم‬
This aspect of providence was denied by the majority of the al-Qadarīyah, who
were named by the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, as the fire-
worshipers (al-Majūs) of this nation. It was exaggerated by some people who
otherwise affirmed it, to the extent that they deprived the servant of his agency and

33
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

his choices, thereby removing from the actions and rulings of Allah their wisdom
and their benefit.

‫الدين واإليمان قول وعمل‬

Religion and faith are words and actions
‫ان‬
ِ ‫س‬ ِ ‫ع َم ُل ْالقَ ْل‬
َ ِّ‫ب َوال ِل‬ َ ‫ان َو‬
ِ ‫س‬ ِ ‫ع َم ٌل قَ ْو ٌل ْالقَ ْل‬
َ ِّ‫ب َوال ِل‬ َ ‫اإلي َمانَ قَ ْو ٌل َو‬ َ ‫سنَّ ِة َو ْال َج َما‬
ِ ‫ع ِة أ َ َّن ال ِدِّينَ َو‬ ُ ُ ‫َو ِم ْن أ‬
ُّ ‫صو ِل أ َ ْه ِل ال‬
‫صيَ ِة‬ِ ‫ص بِ ْال َم ْع‬
ُ ُ‫ع ِة َويَ ْنق‬ َ ‫الطا‬َّ ِ‫َو ْال َج َو ِارحِ َوأ َ َّن اإلي َمانَ يَ ِزيدُ ب‬

Among the fundamentals of Ahl al-Sunnah wal Jamā’ah is that religion and faith
are words and actions, words in the heart and on the tongue, and actions in the
heart, on the tongue, and on the limbs. And that faith increases with obedience and
decreases with disobedience.
‫اإلي َما ِنيَّةُ ث َا ِبت َةٌ َم َع‬ ِ ُ ‫ار ُج َب ِل اِل ُ ُخ َّوة‬َ ‫اصي َو ْال َكبَا ِئ ِر َك َما يَ ْف َعلُهُ ْالخ ََو‬ ِ ‫ق ْال َم َع‬ ِ َ‫طل‬ْ ‫َو ُه ْم َم َع ذَلِكَ َّل يُ َك ِفِّ ُرونَ أ َ ْه َل ْال ِق ْبلَ ِة ِب ُم‬
َ‫َان ِمنَ ْال ُمؤْ ِمنِين‬ ِ ‫طائِفَت‬ َ ‫وف َوقَا َل َوإِن‬ ِ ‫ع بِ ْال َم ْع ُر‬
ٌ ‫َي ٌء فَاتِِّبَا‬ ْ ‫ي لَهُ ِم ْن أ َ ِخي ِه ش‬ َ ‫ع ِف‬ُ ‫س ْب َحانَهُ فَ َم ْن‬ ُ ‫اصي َك َما قَا َل‬ ِ َ‫ْال َمع‬
ْ َ‫َّللاِ فَإِن ف‬
‫اءت‬ َّ ‫علَى اِل ُ ْخ َرى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تبغي َحتَّى ت َ ِفي َء ِإلَى أ َ ْم ِر‬ َ ‫َت ِإحْ دَا ُه َما‬ ْ ‫ص ِل ُحوا بَ ْينَ ُه َما فَإِن بَغ‬ ْ َ ‫ا ْقتَتَلُوا فَأ‬
‫ص ِل ُحوا َبيْنَ أَخ ََو ْي ُك ْم‬ ْ َ ‫ِطينَ ِإنَّ َما ْال ُمؤْ ِمنُونَ ِإ ْخ َوة ٌ فَأ‬ ِ ‫َّللاَ يُ ِحبُّ ْال ُم ْقس‬
َّ ‫طوا ِإ َّن‬ ُ ‫ص ِل ُحوا بَ ْينَ ُه َما ِب ْال َع ْد ِل َوأ َ ْق ِس‬
ْ َ ‫فَأ‬
And they, despite this, do not excommunicate those who pray towards Mecca (Ahl
al-Qiblah) because of absolute disobedience and major sins, as is done by the
rebels. Rather, the brotherhood of faith is affirmed despite disobedience, as He
said, glory be to Him, ‘Whoever pardons his brother for something and follows it
with good,’ (2:178). And He said, ‘If two parties among the believers fight each
other, then reconcile between them. If one of them transgresses against the other,
then fight those who transgressed until they return back to the command of Allah.
If they return back, then reconcile between them both in justice and fairness.
Verily, Allah loves those who are fair. Verily, the believers are only brothers, so
reconcile between your brothers.’ (49:9-10)
‫ان ِب ْال ُك ِلِّيَّ ِة َوَّلَ يُ َخ ِلِّدُونَهُ فِي النَّار َك َما تَقُو ُل ْال ُم ْعت َِزلَةُ َب ِل ْالفَا ِس ُق َي ْد ُخ ُل فِي اس ِْم‬ِ ‫ي اس ِْم اإلي َم‬ َّ ِّ‫َوَّلَ يَ ْسلُبُونَ ْالفَاسِقَ ْال ِم ِل‬
‫ير َرقَبَ ٍة ُّمؤْ ِمنَ ٍة‬
ُ ‫اإلي َمان َك َما فِي قَ ْو ِل ِه فَتَحْ ِر‬
They do not entirely expel the stubborn sinner from the fold of the faith, nor do
they claim he will abide in Hellfire forever, as is said by the rationalists. Rather,
the sinner is included in the fold of faith, as He said, ‘Then free a believing slave,’
(4:92).

34
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

‫ت قُلُوبُ ُه ْم َوإِذَا‬ َّ ‫ق َك َما فِي قَ ْو ِل ِه تَعَالَى ِإنَّ َما ْال ُمؤْ ِمنُونَ الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُ ِك َر‬
ْ َ‫َّللاُ َو ِجل‬ ِ َ‫طل‬ ْ ‫ان ْال ُم‬ِ ‫اإلي َم‬ِ ‫َوقَ ْد َّلَ يَ ْد ُخ ُل فِي اس ِْم‬
‫الزانِي ِحينَ يَ ْزنِي َو ُه َو ُمؤْ ِم ٌن َوَّل يَس ِْر ُق‬ َّ ‫علَ ْي ِه ْم آيَاتُهُ زَ ادَتْ ُه ْم ِإي َمانًا َوقَ ْولُهُ صلى هللا عليه وسلم َّلَ يَ ْزنِي‬ َ ‫ت‬ ْ َ‫ت ُ ِلي‬
‫ب نَ ْه َبةً ذَاتَ ش ََرفٍ َي ْرفَ ُع‬ ُ ‫ب ْالخ َْم َر ِحينَ يَ ْش َربُ َها َو ُه َو ُمؤْ ِم ٌن َوَّلَ َي ْنت َ ِه‬ُ ‫ار ُق ِحينَ َيس ِْر ُق َو ُه َو ُمؤْ ِم ٌن َوَّلَ َي ْش َر‬ ِ ‫س‬َّ ‫ال‬
‫ار ُه ْم ِحينَ يَ ْنت َ ِهبُ َها َو ُه َو ُمؤْ ِم ٌن‬
َ ‫ص‬ َ ‫اس إِلَ ْي ِه فِي َها أ َ ْب‬
ُ َّ‫الن‬
Yet he is not included in the name ‘faith’ unconditionally, as in His the Exalted’s
saying, ‘Verily, the believers are only those who, when Allah is mentioned, their
hearts tremble, and when His verses are recited to them, they increase in faith,’
(8:2). And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, ‘No adulterer, when he
commits adultery, does so as a believer. No thief, when he commits theft, does so
as a believer. No drunkard, when he drinks wine, does so as a believer. No
plunderer, when people see him as he plunders valuables, does so as a believer.’
ْ ‫ب ُم‬
َ‫طلَق‬ ْ ‫طى اَّلس َْم ْال ُم‬
ُ َ‫ط َلقَ َوَّلَ يُ ْسل‬ َ ِ‫ان أ َ ْو ُمؤْ ِم ٌن ِبإِي َما ِن ِه فَا ِس ٌق ِب َكب‬
َ ‫ير ِت ِه فََلَ يُ ْع‬ ِ ‫اإلي َم‬
ِ ‫ص‬ ُ ‫َو َيقُولُونَ ُه َو ُمؤْ ِم ٌن نَا ِق‬
‫اَّلس ِْم‬
They say he is a believer who is deficient in faith, or that he is a believer with his
faith and a sinner with his enormity. They do not grant him the name of ‘faith’
absolutely, nor do they strip it from him absolutely.

‫خالصة مذهب أهل السنة في أصحاب رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم‬
Summary of the way of Ahl al-Sunnah regarding the companions of the
Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him
‫سو ِل هللاِ صلى هللا عليه وسلم َك َما‬ ُ ‫ب َر‬ِ ‫ص َحا‬ ْ َ ‫سَلَ َمةُ قُلُوبِ ِه ْم َوأ َ ْل ِسنَتِ ِه ْم ِل‬ َ ‫سنَّ ِة َو ْال َج َما‬
َ ‫ع ِة‬ ُ ُ ‫َو ِم ْن أ‬
ُّ ‫صو ِل أ َ ْه ِل ال‬
‫ان‬
ِ ‫اإلي َم‬ َ َ‫صفَ ُه ُم هللاُ بِ ِه فِي قَ ْولــــ ِ ِه تَعَالَى َوالَّذِينَ َجاؤُ وا ِمن بَ ْع ِد ِه ْم يَقُولُونَ َربَّنَا ا ْغ ِف ْر لَنَا َو ِإل ْخ َوانِنَا الَّذِين‬
ِ ِ‫سبَقُونَا ب‬ َ ‫َو‬
‫وف َّر ِحي ٌم‬ ٌ ُ‫َوَّل تَجْ َع ْل فِي قُلُوبِنَا ِغَلًّ ِلِّلَّذِينَ آ َمنُوا َربَّنَا إِنَّكَ َرؤ‬
Among the fundamentals of Ahl al-Sunnah wal Jamā’ah is the purity of their
hearts and their tongues regarding the companions of the Messenger of Allah,
peace and blessings be upon him, as Allah described them in His the Exalted’s
saying, ‘Those who came after them say: Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers
who came before us in faith and do not let hatred enter our hearts towards those
who believe. Our Lord, you alone are the Kind and the Merciful.’ (59:10)
‫ص َحابِي فَ َوالَّذِي نَ ْفسِي بِيَ ِدهُ لَ ْو أ َ َّن أ َ َحدَ ُك ْم أ َ ْنفَقَ ِمثْ َل أ ُ ُح ٍد‬
ْ َ ‫سبُّوا أ‬ ُ َ ‫ي صلى هللا عليه وسلم فِي قَ ْو ِل ِه َّلَ ت‬ ِِّ ِ‫عةَ النَّب‬ َ ‫َو‬
َ ‫طا‬
َ َ‫ع ِم ْن ف‬
‫ضائِ ِل ِه ْم َو َم َراتِ ِب ِه ْم‬ ِ ‫سنَّةُ َو‬
ُ ‫اإلجْ َما‬ ُ ‫َصيفَهُ َويَ ْقبَلُونَ َما َجا َء ِب ِه ْال ِكت‬
َّ ‫َاب َوال‬ ِ ‫ذَ َهبًا َما بَلَ َغ ُمدَّ أ َ َح ِد ِه ْم َوَّل ن‬

35
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

They obey the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, in his saying, ‘Do not
curse my companions, for by the One in whose Hand is my soul, if one of you
spent gold in charity like the mountain of Uhud, it would not amount but to a small
portion of their (good deeds), nor even half of it.’ They accept what has come in
the Book, the Sunnah, and by consensus regarding their virtues and status.
ِ ‫علَى َم ْن أ َ ْنفَقَ ِم ْن َب ْعدُ َوقَات َ َل َويُقَ ِدِّ ُمونَ ْال ُم َه‬
َ‫اج ِرين‬ َ ‫ص ْل ُح ْال ُحدَ ْي ِبيَ ِة َوقَات َ َل‬
ُ ‫ضلُونَ َم ْن أ َ ْن َفقَ ِم ْن قَ ْب ِل ْالفَتْحِ َو ُه َو‬ ِّ ِ َ‫َويُف‬
َ ‫ فَقَ ْد‬.‫عشَر ا ْع َملُوا َما ِشئْتُم‬
‫غفَ ْرتُ لَ ُك ْم‬ َ َ‫ضعَة‬ َ َ ‫ار َويُؤْ ِمنُونَ بِأ َ َّن هللاَ قَا َل ِل َ ْه ِل بَد ٍْر َو َكانُوا ث‬
ْ ِ‫َلث ِمائ َ ٍة َوب‬ ِ ‫ص‬َ ‫علَى اِل َ ْن‬ َ
They assign the most virtue to those who spent (in the cause of Allah) before the
liberation, which is the treaty of Hudaybiyyah, over those who spent after it and
fought. They assign greater status to the emigrants from Mecca (al-Muhājirūn)
over the supporters in Medina (al-Anṣār). They believe that Allah said about the
people at the battle of Badr, who were a little over three hundred, ‘Act as you wish,
for I have forgiven you.’
‫ع ْن ُه ْم‬
َ ُ‫ي هللا‬ ُّ ‫ش َج َرةِ َك َما أ َ ْخبَ َر بِ ِه النَّ ِب‬
َ ‫ي صلى هللا عليه وسلم بَ ْل لَقَ ْد َر‬
َ ‫ض‬ َّ ‫ار أ َ َحدٌ بَايَ َع تَحْ تَ ال‬ َ َّ‫َو ِبأَنَّهُ َّلَ يَ ْد ُخ ُل الن‬
‫ع ْنهُ َو َكانُوا أ َ ْكث َ َر ِم ْن أ َ ْلفٍ َوأ َ ْر َبعِ م ِائ َة‬
َ ‫ضوا‬ ُ ‫َو َر‬
None will enter Hellfire who pledged allegiance under the tree, as reported by the
Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. Rather, Allah is pleased with them and
they are pleased with him. They are more than one thousand and four hundred.
َ ‫اس َو‬
‫غي ِْرهِم‬ ٍ ‫ش َّم‬
َ ‫بن‬ ِ ِ‫سو ُل هللاِ صلى هللا عليه وسلم َك ْالعَش ََرةِ َوثَاب‬
ِ ‫ت ب ِْن قِي ِْس‬ ُ ‫َويَ ْش َهدُونَ بِ ْال َجنَّ ِة ِل َم ْن شَـــ ِهدَ لَهُ َر‬
‫ص َحابَ ِة‬
َّ ‫ِ ِّمنَ ال‬
They bear witness that Paradise is for whomever it was testified by the Messenger
of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, such as the ten companions promised
Paradise, Thābit ibn Qays ibn Shammās, and others among the companions.
‫غي ِْر ِه ِم ْن أ َ َّن َخي َْر َه ِذ ِه اِل ُ َّم ِة‬
َ ‫ع ْنهُ َو‬َ ُ‫ي هللا‬ َ ‫ض‬ِ ‫ب َر‬ َ ‫ي ب ِْن أَبِي‬
ٍ ‫طا ِل‬ َ َ‫ير ْال ُمؤْ ِمنِين‬
ِِّ ‫ع ِل‬ ِ ‫ع ْن أ َ ِم‬
َ ‫َويُ ِق ُّرونَ بِ َما ت ََوات ََر بِ ِه النَّ ْق ُل‬
‫ار َو َك َما أَجْ َم َع‬
ُ َ ‫علَ ْي ِه اْلث‬
َ ‫ت‬ ْ َّ‫ع ْن ُه ْم َك َما دَل‬َ ُ‫ي هللا‬
َ ‫ض‬ِ ‫ي َر‬ ٍِّ ‫ع َم ُر َويُث َ ِلِّثُونَ بِعُثْ َمانَ َوي َُربِِّعُونَ بِعَ ِل‬ ُ ‫بَ ْعدَ نَبِيِِّهـَا أَبُو بَ ْك ٍر ث ُ َّم‬
‫ان فِي ْال َب ْي َع ِة‬
ُ ‫عثْ َم‬ ُ ‫ِيم‬ ِ ‫علَى ت َ ْقد‬َ ُ‫ص َحا َبة‬ َّ ‫ال‬
They confirm what as been unanimously reported about the Commander of the
Faithful, ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib, may Allah be pleased with him, and others that the
best of this nation after its Prophet is Abū Bakr, then ‘Umar, thirdly ‘Uthmān, and
fourthly ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib, may Allah be pleased with them all, as is evident in the
narrations and as agreed upon by the companions in giving priority to the pledge of
‘Uthmān.

36
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

‫ِيم أَبِي بَ ْك ٍر‬

ِ ‫علَى ت َ ْقد‬
َ ‫ع ْن ُه َما بَ ْعدَ اتِِّفَاقِ ِه ْم‬َ ُ‫ي هللا‬ َ ‫ض‬َ ‫ي َر‬ َ ‫عثْ َمانَ َو‬
ٍِّ ‫ع ِل‬ ُ ‫اختَلَفُوا فِي‬
ْ ‫سنَّ ِة َكانُوا قَ ِد‬ ُّ ‫ض أ َ ْه ِل ال‬َ ‫َم َع أ َ َّن بَ ْع‬
‫ع ِليًّا َوقَ ْو ٌم ت ََوقَّفُوا‬ َ ‫ي َوقَدَّم قَ ْو ٌم‬ ٍِّ ‫س َكت ُوا أ َ ْو َربَّعُوا ِب َع ِل‬
َ ‫عثْ َمانَ َو‬
ُ ‫ض ُل فَقَد ََّم قَ ْو ٌم‬َ ‫ع َم َر أَيُّ ُه َما أ َ ْف‬
ُ ‫َو‬
Even so, some of Ahl al-Sunnah disagreed over ‘Uthmān and ‘Alī, may Allah be
pleased with them, after their pledge of allegiance to Abū Bakr and ‘Umar. Which
of them is better? Some people gave priority to ‘Uthmān and were silent, or they
considered ‘Alī to be the fourth even though they preferred ‘Alī, and some were
neutral.
َ‫ت ِمن‬ ْ ‫س‬ َ ‫ي لَ ْي‬ َ ‫عثْ َمانَ َو‬
ٍِّ ‫ع ِل‬ ُ ُ‫َت َهذِه ا ْل َمسْأَلَةُ َمسْأَلَة‬ ْ ‫ي َو ِإ ْن َكان‬ َ ‫عثْ َمانَ ث ُ َّم‬
ٍِّ ‫ع ِل‬ ُ ‫ِيم‬ ِ ‫علَى ت َ ْقد‬ ُّ ‫لَ ِك ِن ا ْستَقَ َّر أ َ ْم ُر أ َ ْه ِل ال‬
َ ‫سنَّ ِة‬
‫ضلَّ ُل ِفي َها َمسْأَلَةُ ْال ِخَلَفَ ِة َوذَلِكَ أَنَّ ُه ْم‬ َ ُ‫سنَّ ِة لَ ِك ِن الَّ ِتي ي‬
ُّ ‫ور أ َ ْه ِل ال‬ ِ ‫ف ِفي َها ِع ْندَ ُج ْم ُه‬ ُ ‫ضلَّ ُل ْال ُمخَا ِل‬
َ ُ‫صو ِل الَّتِي ي‬ ُ ُ ‫اِل‬
‫طعَنَ فِي ِخَلَفَ ِة‬ َ ‫ي َو َم ْن‬ ٌّ ‫ع ِل‬ ُ ‫عثْ َم‬
َ ‫ان ث ُ َّم‬ ُ ‫سو ِل هللاِ صلى هللا عليه وسلم أَبُو بَ ْك ٍر َو‬
ُ ‫ع َم ُر ث ُ َّم‬ ُ ‫يُؤْ ِمنُونَ أ َ َّن ْال َخ ِليفَةَ بَ ْعدَ َر‬
‫ار أ َ ْه ِل ِه‬
ِ ‫ض ُّل ِم ْن ِح َم‬ َ َ ‫َُّلء فَ ُه َو أ‬
ِ ‫أ َ َح ٍد ِم ْن َهؤ‬
Rather, the matter was settled by Ahl al-Sunnah in giving priority to ‘Uthmān and
then ‘Alī. Yet, this matter of ‘Uthmān and ‘Alī is not among the fundamentals
which lead astray those who disagree, according to the majority of Ahl al-Sunnah.
Rather, that which leads astray is the matter of the Caliphate itself, and it is that
they believe the Caliph after the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon
him, was Abū Bakr and ‘Umar, then ‘Uthmān and then ‘Alī. Whoever challenges
the legitimacy as Caliph of any of these has been led further astray than a donkey
among his people.
‫سو ِل هللاِ صلى هللا عليه‬ ُ ‫صيَّ ِة َر‬ ِ ‫ظونَ فِي ِه ْم َو‬ ُ ‫سو ِل هللاِ صلى هللا عليه وسلم َو َيت ََولَّ ْونَ ُه ْم َو َيحْ َف‬ ُ ‫ت َر‬ ِ ‫َوي ُِحبُّونَ أ َ ْه َل بَ ْي‬
‫ض‬َ ‫ع ِ ِّمه َوقَ ِد ا ْشت َ َكى إِلَ ْي ِه أ َ َّن بَ ْع‬
َ ‫َّاس‬ِ ‫ضا ِل ْلعَب‬ َّ ‫ِير ُخ ٍ ِّم أُذَ ِ ِّك ُر ُك ُم‬
ً ‫َّللاَ فِي أ َ ْه ِل بَ ْيتِي َوقَا َل أ َ ْي‬ ِ ‫غد‬ َ ‫ْث قَا َل يَ ْو َم‬ُ ‫وسلم َحي‬
‫طفَى بَنِي‬ َ ‫ص‬ْ ‫قُ َري ٍْش يَجْ فُو بَنِي هَا ِش ٍم فَقَا َل َوالَّذِي نَ ْفسِي بِيَ ِد ِه َّلَ يُؤْ ِمنُونَ َحتَّى ي ُِحبُّو ُك ْم هللِ َو ِلقَ َرابَتِي َوقَا َل إِ َّن هللاَ ا‬
‫طفَى ِم ْن قُ َري ٍْش بَنِي هَا ِش ٍم‬ َ ‫ص‬ ْ ‫شا َوا‬ ً ‫طفَى ِم ْن ِكنَانَةَ قُ َر ْي‬ ْ ‫طفَى ِم ْن بَنِي إ ْس َما ِعي َل ِكنَانَةَ َوا‬
َ ‫ص‬ َ ‫ص‬ ْ ‫ِإ ْس َما ِعي َل َوا‬
‫طفَانِي ِم ْن بَنِي هَا ِش ٍم‬ َ ‫ص‬ْ ‫َوا‬
They love the household of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon
him, ally with them, and preserve the bequest of the Messenger of Allah, peace and
blessings be upon him, wherein he said on the day of Ghadīr Khum, ‘I remind you
of your duty to Allah regarding my family.’ He also said to ‘Abbās his uncle when
some of the Quraysh complained to him that they resent the Prophet’s tribe (Banī
Hāshim), ‘By the One in whose Hand is my soul, you will not have faith until you
love them, for the sake of Allah and for the sake of relationship to me.’ And he
said, ‘Verily, Allah chose the children of Ishmael, and He chose Kinānah from the
children of Ishmael, and He chose the Quraysh from Kinānah, and He chose Banī
Hāshim from the Quraysh, and He chose me from Banī Hāshim.’

37
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

‫صا‬
ً ‫صو‬ُ ‫اْلخ َرةِ ُخ‬ ِ ‫ت ْال ُمؤْ ِمنِينَ َويُؤْ ِمنُونَ بَأَنَّ ُه َّن أ َ ْز َوا ُجهُ فِي‬ ِ ‫سو ِل هللاِ صلى هللا عليه وسلم أ ُ َّم َها‬ ُ ‫َويَت ََولَّ ْونَ أ َ ْز َوا َج َر‬
ُ‫علَى أ َ ْم ِره َو َكانَ لَ َها ِم ْنهُ ْال َم ْن ِزلَةُ ْال َعا ِليَة‬ َ ‫ع ْن َها أ ُ َّم أ َ ْكث َ ِر أ َ ْوَّلَ ِد ِه َوأ َ َّو َل َم ْن آ َمنَ بِ ِه َو‬
َ َ ‫عا‬
َ ُ‫ضدَه‬ َ ُ‫ي هللا‬َ ‫ض‬ ِ ‫َخدِي َجةَ َر‬
‫اء‬
ِ ‫س‬ َ ِّ‫علَى ال ِن‬ َ َ ‫شة‬ َ ‫ض ُل‬
َ ‫عا ِئ‬ ْ َ‫ي صلى هللا عليه وسلم ف‬ ُّ ِ‫ع ْن َها الَّ ِتي قَا َل ِفي َها النَّب‬
َ ُ‫ي هللا‬ َ ‫ض‬ ِ ‫ق َر‬ ِّ ِ َ‫الص ِدِّيقَةَ ِب ْنت‬
ِ ‫الص ِدِّي‬ ِّ ِ ‫َو‬
َّ ‫سائِ ِر‬
‫الطعَ ِام‬ َ ‫علَى‬ َ ‫ض ِل الث َّ ِري ِد‬ ْ َ‫َكف‬
They ally themselves with the wives of the Messenger of Allah, peace and
blessings be upon him, the mothers of the faithful. They believe they are his wives
in the Hereafter, specifically Khadījah, may Allah be pleased with her, who was
the mother of most of his children, the first to have faith in him and support him in
the matter. She had the highest status in his estimation. And also the truthful
woman, daughter of the truthful man, may Allah be pleased with her, about whom
the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, ‘The virtue of ‘Āi’shah over all
other women is like the virtue of fine cuisine over all other food.’
ِ ‫ب الَّذِينَ يُؤْ ذُونَ أ َ ْه َل ْالبَ ْي‬
‫ت‬ ِ ‫ط ِريقَ ِة النَّ َو‬
ِ ‫اص‬ َّ ‫ض الَّذِينَ يُ ْب ِغضُونَ ال‬
ُ َ‫ص َحابَةَ َوي‬
َ ‫سبُّونَ ُه ْم َو‬ َ ‫َويَتَبَ َّرؤُونَ ِم ْن‬
َّ ‫ط ِريقَ ِة‬
ِ ِ‫الر َواف‬
َ ‫ِبقَ ْو ٍل أ َ ْو‬
‫ع َم ٍل‬
They disavow the way of the rejectionists, who hate the companions and curse
them, as well as the belligerent (al-Nawāṣib), who harm the prophetic household
with words and actions.
َ ‫ار ْال َم ْر ِويَّةَ فِي َم‬
‫سا ِوي ِه ْم ِم ْن َها َما ُه َو َكذِبٌ َو َم ْن َها َما قَ ْد‬ َ َ ‫ص َحابَ ِة َويَقُولُونَ إِ َّن َه ِذ ِه اْلث‬
َّ ‫ش َج َر بَيْنَ ال‬ َ َ‫َوي ُْم ِس ُكون‬
َ ‫ع َّما‬
َ‫صيبُونَ َوإِ َّما ُمجْ ت َ ِهدُون‬
ِ ‫ورونَ إِ َّما ُمجْ ت َ ِهدُونَ ُم‬ ُ ُ‫ص ِحي ُح ِم ْنهُ ُه ْم فِي ِه َم ْعذ‬
َّ ‫ع ْن َوجْ ِه ِه َوال‬ ُ ‫ص َو‬
َ ‫غيِ َِّر‬ َ ‫ِزيدَ فِي ِه َونُ ِق‬
َ‫ُم ْخ ِطئُون‬
They refrain from stirring argument regarding the companions, and they say:
Indeed, those narrations reported about their evil deeds are lies, among which are
additions, omissions, or they were changed from their context. The truth is that
they are excused, whether their reasoning was correct or whether it was mistaken.
ُ ُ‫علَ ْي ِه ُم الذُّن‬
‫وب‬ َ ‫وز‬ ُ ‫صغَائِ ِر ِه بَ ْل يَ ُج‬ َ ‫اإلثْ ِم َو‬
ِ ‫ع ْن َكبَائِ ِر‬ َ ‫صو ٌم‬ ُ ‫ص َحابَ ِة َم ْع‬ َّ ‫اح ٍد ِمنَ ال‬ ِ ‫َو ُهم َّم َع ذَلِكَ َّلَ يَ ْعت َ ِقدُونَ أ َ َّن ُك َّل َو‬
َ‫صدَ َر َحتَّى إنَّ ُه ْم يُ ْغفَ ُر لَ ُهم ِ ِّمن‬ ْ ‫ب َم ْغ ِف َرة َ َما َي‬
َ ‫صد ُُر ِم ْن ُه ْم إِ ْن‬ ُ ‫ُوج‬ِ ‫ضائِ ِل َما ي‬ َ َ‫ق َو ْالف‬ َّ ‫فِي ْال ُج ْملَ ِة َولَ ُهم ِ ِّمنَ ال‬
ِ ‫س َوا ِب‬
َ ‫ت َما لَي‬
‫ْس ِل َم ْن بَ ْعدَ ُه ْم‬ َّ ‫ت الَّتِي ت َْم ُحو ال‬
ِ ‫سيِِّئ َا‬ ِ ‫سنَا‬َ ‫ت َما َّلَ يُ ْغفَ ُر ِل َم ْن بَ ْعدَ ُه ْم ِل َ َّن لَ ُهم ِ ِّمنَ ْال َح‬ ِ ‫سيِِّئ َا‬
َّ ‫ال‬
They, despite that, do not consider each one of the companions to be infallible
from committing major sins or minor sins. Rather, it is possible for them to sin in
general. They were among the foremost and the virtuous, which necessitates their
forgiveness of whatever they committed, if anything was committed at all, to the
extent that their evil deeds were forgiven, although those who came after them will
not be forgiven in the same way, because the companions had many good deeds to
erase their evil deeds, unlike those who came after them.
38
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

َ ‫صدَّقَ بِ ِه َكانَ أ َ ْف‬

‫ض َل‬ َ َ ‫ون َوأ َ َّن ْال ُمدَّ ِم ْن أ َ َح ِد ِه ْم إذَا ت‬
ِ ‫سو ِل هللاِ صلى هللا عليه وسلم أَنَّ ُه ْم َخي ُْر ْالقُ ُر‬ ُ ‫َوقَ ْد ثَبَتَ بِقَ ْو ِل َر‬
‫ت ت َ ْم ُحوهُ أَو‬
ٍ ‫سنَا‬َ ‫َاب ِم ْنهُ أ َ ْو أَت َى بَ َح‬ َ ‫ون قَ ْد ت‬ ُ ‫صدَ َر ِم ْن أ َ َح ِد ِه ْم ذَ ْنبٌ فَيَ ُك‬ َ ‫ِم ْن َجبَ ِل أ ُ ُح ٍد ذَ َهبًا ِم َّمن بَ ْعدَ ُه ْم ث ُ َّم ِإذَا َكانَ قَ ْد‬
َ ‫ع ِت ِه أ َ ْو ا ْبت ُ ِل‬
‫ي بِ َبَلَءٍ ِفي‬ َ ‫شفَا‬ ِ َّ‫ع ِة ُم َح َّم ٍد صلى هللا عليه وسلم الَّذِي ُه ْم أ َ َح ُّق الن‬
َ ‫اس ِب‬ َ ‫شفَا‬ َ ‫سابِقَتِ ِه أ َ ْو ِب‬َ ‫ض ِل‬ ْ َ‫غ ِف َر لَهُ بِف‬ ُ
َ ‫الدُّ ْنيَا ُك ِفِّ َر بِ ِه‬
ُ‫ع ْنه‬
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, has affirmed that they
are the best generation, and that a small portion of charity given by them is better
than an amount of gold like the mountain of Uhud given by those after them. Then,
if one of them had committed a sin, he has repented of it, or performed a good deed
to erase it, or he was forgiven for it due to the virtue of his achievements, or by the
intercession of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, as they are the most
worthy of receiving his intercession, or they endured a trial in the world to expiate
it.
‫طؤُوا‬ َ ‫ان َوإِ ْن أ َ ْخ‬
ِ ‫صابُوا فَلَ ُه ْم أَجْ َر‬ َ َ ‫إن أ‬ ْ َ‫ور الَّتِي َكانُوا فِي َها ُمجْ ت َ ِهدِين‬ ُ ‫ْف اِل ُ ُم‬ َ ‫ب ْال ُم َحقَّ َق ِة َف َكي‬
ِ ‫َفإِذَا َكانَ َهذَا فِي الذُّنُو‬
‫ضائِ ِل ْالقَ ْو ِم‬ َ َ‫ب ف‬ ِ ‫ور فِي َج ْن‬ ٌ ُ‫ض ِه ْم قَ ِلي ٌل ن َْز ٌر َم ْغف‬ ٌ ُ‫طأ ُ م ْغف‬
ِ ‫ور ث ُ َّم ِإ َّن ْالقَد َْر الَّذِي يُ ْن َك ُر ِم ْن فِ ْع ِل بَ ْع‬ َ ‫احدٌ َو ْال َخ‬
ِ ‫فَلَ ُه ْم أَجْ ٌر َو‬
ِ‫صا ِلح‬َّ ‫ص َر ِة َو ْال ِع ْل ِم النَّا ِفعِ َو ْال َع َم ِل ال‬
ْ ُّ‫سبِي ِل ِه َو ْال ِهجْ َر ِة َوالن‬
َ ‫سو ِل ِه َو ْال ِج َها ِد ِفي‬ ُ ‫ان ِباهللِ َو َر‬ ِ ‫اإلي َم‬
ِ َ‫َو َم َحا ِس ِن ِه ْم ِمن‬
If this is in the case of actual sins, then how so in matters for which they exercised
reasoning? If they were correct, they were given two rewards. If they were
mistaken, they were given a single reward and the mistake was forgiven.
Moreover, the measure of evil in some of their deeds is little, insignificant, and
forgiven in light of their virtues and good traits, such as their faith in Allah and His
messenger, striving (jihād) in His way, emigrating to Medina, lending support to
Islam, spreading beneficial knowledge, and performing righteous deeds.
‫اء‬ ِ ‫ع ِل َم َي ِقينًا أَنَّ ُه ْم ِخي ُْر ْالخ َْل‬
ِ ‫ق َب ْعدَ اِل َ ْنبِ َي‬ َ َ‫علَ ْي ِهم ِب ِه ِمنَ ْالف‬
َ ‫ضائِ ِل‬ َ ُ‫يرةٍ َو َما َم َّن هللا‬
َ ‫ص‬ ِ ‫يرةِ ْالقَ ْو ِم ِب ِع ْل ٍم َو َب‬
َ ‫ظ َر فِي ِس‬ َ َّ‫َو َمن ن‬
ِ‫علَى هللا‬َ ‫ِي َخي ُْر اِل ُ َم ِم َوأ َ ْك َر ُم َها‬ ُ
َ ‫ون َه ِذ ِه اِل َّم ِة الَّتِي ه‬ َّ ‫ون ِمثْلُ ُه ْم َوأَنَّ ُه ُم ال‬
ِ ‫ص ْف َوة ُ ِم ْن قُ ُر‬ ُ ‫َّلَ َكانَ َوَّل يَ ُك‬
Whoever investigates the biographies of these people with insightful knowledge
and what Allah blessed them of virtues, he will know with certainty that they are
the best of the creation after the prophets. There never was, nor will there ever be,
any others like them. They are the elite generation of this nation, which is the best
of all nations and the most honored by Allah.
َ
ِ‫ت فِي أ ْن َواع‬ِ ‫ق ْالعَادَا‬ِ ‫علَى أ َ ْيدِي ِهم ِ ِّم ْن خ ََو ِار‬ َ ُ‫اء َو َما يُجْ ِري هللا‬ ِ َ‫ِيق بِ َك َرا َماتَ اِل َ ْو ِلي‬
ُ ‫صد‬ ُّ ‫صو ِل أ َ ْه ِل ال‬
ْ َّ ‫سنَّ ِة الت‬ ً ُ ‫َو ِم ْن أ‬
‫صد ِْر‬َ ‫ع ْن‬ َ ‫ف َو‬
َ ‫غي ِْرهَا َو‬ ِ ‫ورةِ ْال َك ْه‬ َ ‫س‬ ُ ‫ف اِل ُ َم ِم فِي‬ َ ‫ع ْن‬
ِ ‫سا ِل‬ ِ ُ ‫كال َمأْث‬
َ ‫ور‬ ْ ‫ت‬ َ ِ‫ت َوأ َ ْن َواعِ ْالقُد َْرةِ َوالتَّأْث‬
ِ ‫يرا‬ ِ ‫شفَا‬ َ ‫وم َو ْال ُم َكا‬ِ ُ‫ْالعُل‬
‫ِي َم ْو ُجودَة ٌ فِي َها ِإلَى َي ْو ِم ْال ِقيَا َم ِة‬ ُ ِ ‫سائِ ِر قُ ُر‬ َ ‫ص َحا َب ِة َوالتَّابِعِينَ َو‬ َّ ‫َه ِذ ِه اِل ُ َّم ِة ِمنَ ال‬
َ ‫ون اِل َّم ِة َوه‬
Among the fundamentals of Ahl al-Sunnah is to confirm the miracles of the saints
(al-Awliyā’) and what Allah performs at their hands, such as extraordinary feats in
39
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

matters of knowledge, epiphanies, types of power and effects, such as what is

narrated about previous nations in Sūrat al-Kahf and others, and what came out of
this nation among the companions, the successors, and the following generations of
this nation. It will exist among them until the Day of Resurrection.

‫من طريقة أهل السنة والجماعة وخصالهم الحميدة‬

Among the ways of Ahl al-Sunnah wal Jamā’ah and their praiseworthy
characteristics
‫س ِبي ِل‬ َ ‫ع‬ َ ‫اطنًا َو‬
ُ ‫ظاه ًِرا َواتِ ِّ َبا‬ ِ ‫سو ِل الل ِهـ صلى هللا عليه وسلم َب‬ ُ ‫ار َر‬ ِ َ ‫ع آث‬ َ ‫سنَّ ِة َو ْال َج َما‬
ُ ‫ع ِة ا ِت ِّ َبا‬ ُّ ‫ط ِريقَ ِة أ َ ْه ِل ال‬َ ‫ث ُ َّم ِم ْن‬
‫علَ ْي ُك ْم‬
َ ‫يث قَا َل‬ ُ ‫سو ِل هللاِ صلى هللا عليه وسلم َح‬ ُ ‫صيَّ ِة َر‬ ِ ‫ع َو‬ ُ ‫ار َواتِِّبَا‬ ِ ‫ص‬َ ‫اج ِرينَ َواِل َ ْن‬ ِ ‫سابِ ِقينَ اِل َ َّولِينَ ِمنَ ْال ُم َه‬ َّ ‫ال‬
‫ور‬ ُ
ِ ‫ت اِل ُم‬ ِ ‫علَ ْي َها ِبالنَّ َو‬
ِ ‫اج ِذ َو ِإيَّا ُك ْم َو ُمحْ دَثَا‬ َ ‫س ُكوا ِب َها َو‬
َ ‫عضُّوا‬ ْ
َّ ‫الرا ِشدِينَ ال َم ْه ِديْينَ ِم ْن بَ ْعدِي ت َ َم‬ َّ ‫اء‬ ْ
ِ َ‫سنَّ ِة ال ُخلَف‬ُ ‫سنَّتِي َو‬ ُ ‫ِب‬
ٌ‫ضَللَة‬ َ ‫ع ٍة‬ َ ‫فَإ ِ َّن ُك َّل ِب ْد‬
Thereafter, it is the way of Ahl al-Sunnah wal Jamā’ah to follow the narrations of
the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, both inwardly and
outwardly, and to follow the path of the first and foremost among the emigrants
from Mecca and the supporters in Medina, and to follow the instructions of the
Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, wherein he said, ‘You must
follow my precedent (sunnah) and the precedent of the rightly-guided Caliphs after
me and hold fast to it. Bite onto it with your molar teeth. Beware of newly-
invented manners, for every religious innovation is misguidance.’
‫علَى‬
َ ِ‫ي ُم َح َّم ٍد صلى هللا عليه وسلم َويُؤْ ثِ ُرونَ َكَلَ َم هللا‬ ُ ‫َلم َكَل ُم هللاِ َو َخي َْر ْال َه ْدي ِ َه ْد‬ِ ‫صدَقَ ْال َك‬
ْ َ ‫َويَ ْعلَ ُمونَ أ َ َّن أ‬
‫علَى َه ْدي ِ ُك ِِّل أ َ َح ٍد‬ َ ‫اس َويُقَ ِدِّ ُمونَ َهد‬
َ ‫ْي ُم َح َّم ٍد صلى هللا عليه وسلم‬ ِ َّ‫َاف الن‬
ِ ‫صن‬ ْ َ ‫َلم أ‬
ِ ‫غي ِْر ِه ِم ْن َك‬ َ
They know that the most truthful speech is the word of Allah, the best guidance is
the guidance of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, and they give
preference to the word of Allah above the speech of all other people. They give
priority to the guidance of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, over the
guidance of anyone else.
ُ ‫ضد ُّهَا ْالفُ ْرقَةُ َو ِإ ْن َكانَ لَ ْف‬
‫ظ‬ ِ ‫ع َو‬ ُ ‫ِي اَّلِجْ تِ َما‬ َ ‫ع ِة ِل َ َّن ْال َج َما‬
َ ‫عة َ ه‬ َ ‫س ُّموا أ َ ْه َل ْال َج َما‬
ُ ‫سنَّ ِة َو‬
ُّ ‫ب َوال‬ِ ‫س ُّموا أ َ ْه َل ْال ِكت َا‬
ُ ‫َو ِل َهذَا‬
ِ ‫علَ ْي ِه فِي ْال ِع ْل ِم َو‬
‫الدين‬ َ ُ‫ث الَّذِي يُ ْعت َ َمد‬ ُ ‫ص ُل الثَّا ِل‬
ْ َ ‫ع ُه َو اِل‬ ِ ‫ار ا ْس ًما ِلنَ ْف ِس ْالقَ ْو ِم ْال ُمجْ ت َِمعِينَ َو‬
ُ ‫اإل ِج َما‬ َ ‫ص‬َ ‫ع ِة قَ ْد‬ َ ‫ْال َج َما‬
For this reason, they are called ‘the people of the Book and the Sunnah,’ and they
are named ‘the people of the united community,’ for the community is unity and its
opposite is sectarianism. The word ‘community’ became the name for the same

40
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

united people, and consensus is the third fundamental principle upon which they
rely for knowledge and religion.
ِ ‫ظاه َِرةٍ ِم َّما لَهُ ت َ َعلُّ ٌق بِال ِد‬
‫ِّين‬ َ ‫اطنَ ٍة أ َ ْو‬
ِ ‫اس ِم ْن أ َ ْق َوا ٍل َوأ َ ْع َما ٍل َب‬ َ ‫صو ِل الثََّلث َ ِة َج ِمي َع َما‬
ُ َّ‫علَ ْي ِه الن‬ ُ ُ ‫َو ُه ْم َي ِزنُونَ ِب َه ِذه اِل‬
‫ف َوا ْنتَش ََر فِي اِل ُ َّم ِة‬ ْ ‫صا ِل ُح إِ ْذ بَ ْعدَ ُه ْم َكث ُ َر‬
ُ َ‫اَّلختَِل‬ َّ ‫ف ال‬ ُ َ‫سل‬ َّ ‫علَ ْي ِه ال‬
َ َ‫ط ُه َو َما َكان‬ َ ‫ع الَّذِي يَ ْن‬
ُ ِ‫ضب‬ ُ ‫اإلجْ َما‬ِ ‫َو‬
They measure by these three fundamentals (the Book, the Sunnah, and consensus)
all that people are upon of words and actions, inward or outward, which are related
to the religion. Consensus, which is disciplined, was practiced by the righteous
predecessors. After them there were many differences that spread in the Muslim
nation.

ِ‫ش ِريعَةُ َويَ َر ْونَ إِقَا َمةَ ْال َح ِّج‬ ِ ُ ‫علَى َما ت‬
َّ ‫وجبُهُ ال‬ َ ‫ع ِن ْال ُم ْن َك ِر‬
َ َ‫وف َويَ ْن َهون‬ِ ‫صو ِل يَأ ْ ُم ُرونَ بِ ْال َم ْع ُر‬ ُ ُ ‫ث ُ َّم ُهم َّم َع ِّه ِذ ِه اِل‬
‫صي َح ِة‬ ِ َّ‫ َويَدِينُونَ ِبالن‬.‫ت‬ ِ ‫عا‬َ ‫علَى ْال َج َما‬
َ َ‫ظون‬ ُ ِ‫ارا َويُ َحاف‬ ً ‫ارا َكانُوا أ َ ْو فُ َّج‬ ِ ‫َو ْال ِج َها ِد َو ْال ُج َمعِ َواِل َ ْعيَا ِد َم َع اِل ُ َم َر‬
ً ‫اء أَب َْر‬
‫لأل ُ َّم ِة‬
Thereafter, along with these fundamentals they enjoin good and forbid evil
according to what is required by the Law (al-Sharī’ah). They regard (as obligatory)
establishing the Hajj pilgrimage, jihād, the Friday prayer, and celebrating holidays
with the leaders, whether they are righteous or wicked, and they preserve
congregational prayers. They offer sincere advice to the Muslim nation.
َ‫شبَّكَ بَيْن‬
َ ‫ضا َو‬ ً ‫ضهُ بَ ْع‬ َ ‫شدُّ بَ ْع‬ ُ َ‫وص ي‬ ِ ‫ص‬ ُ ‫ان ْال َم ْر‬ ِ َ‫َويَ ْعت َ ِقدُونَ َم ْعنَى قَ ْو ِل ِه ـ صلى هللا عليه وسلم ْال ُمؤْ ِم ُن ِل ْل ُمؤْ ِم ِن َك ْالبُ ْني‬
َ ‫ط ِف ِه ْم َك َمث َ ِل ْال َج‬
ُ‫س ِد إِذَا ا ْشت َ َكى ِم ْنه‬ ُ ‫صابِ ِع ِه َوقَ ْو ِل ِه صلى هللا عليه وسلم َمث َ ُل ْال ُمؤْ ِمنِينَ فِي ت ََوا ِدِّ ِه ْم َوت ََرا ُح ِم ِه ْم َوتَعَا‬ َ َ‫أ‬
َّ ‫س ِد ب ُْال ُح َّمى َوال‬
‫س َه ِر‬ َ ‫سائِ ُر ْال َج‬
َ ُ‫عى لَه‬
َ ‫عض ٌْو تَدَا‬ُ
They believe in the meaning of his saying, peace and blessings be upon him,
‘Verily, the believers are like a structure, each one strengthening the other,’ and he
held up his two fingers together to illustrate. And his saying, ‘The parable of the
believers in their affection, mercy, and compassion for each other is that of a body.
When any limb aches, the whole body reacts with sleeplessness and fever.’
ِ ‫ار ِم اِل َ ْخَل‬
‫ق َو َم َحا ِس ِن‬ ِ ‫اء َو َي ْدعُونَ ِإلَى َم َك‬ ِ ‫ض‬ َ َ‫ضا ِب ُم ِ ِّر ْالق‬
َ ‫الر‬
ِّ ِ ‫َاء َو‬ َّ َ‫ش ْك ِر ِع ْند‬
ِ ‫الرخ‬ ُّ ‫َلء َوال‬ َّ ‫َو َيأ ْ ُم ُرونَ ِبال‬
ِ ‫صب ِْر ِع ْندَ ْال َب‬
َ ْ‫اِل َ ْع َما ِل َويَ ْعت َ ِقدُونَ َم ْعنَى قَ ْو ِل ِه صلى هللا عليه وسلم أ َ ْك َم ُل ْال ُمؤْ ِمنِينَ إِي َمانًا أَح‬
‫سنُ ُه ْم ُخلُقًا‬
They enjoin patience at the time of hardship, gratitude at the time of prosperity,
and contentment with the difficulties of providence. They invite others to have
noble ethics and to perform good deeds, and they believe in his saying, peace and
blessings be upon him, ‘The most complete of the believers in faith are those with
the most excellent character.’
َ‫ظلَ َمك‬
َ ‫ع َّم ْن‬
َ ‫ي َم ْن َح َر َمكَ َوت َ ْعفُ َو‬ ِ ‫َويَ ْندُبُونَ إِلَى أ َ ْن ت‬
َ َ‫َص َل َم ْن ق‬
َ ‫طعَكَ َوت ُ ْع ِط‬
41
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

They encourage you to maintain good relations with those who cut you off, to give
to those who deprive you, and to forgive those who wrong you.
ِ ‫الر ْف‬
‫ق‬ ِّ ِ ‫سبِي ِل َو‬
َّ ‫ين َواب ِْن ال‬ َ ‫ِان إلَى ْاليَت َا َمى َو ْال َم‬
ِ ‫سا ِك‬ ِ ‫اإلحْ س‬ ِ ‫َو َيأ ْ ُم ُرونَ ِب ِب ِ ِّر ْال َوا ِلدَي ِْن َو‬
ِ ‫صلَ ِة اِل َ ْر َح ِام َو ُحس ِْن ْال ِج َو ِار َو‬
ِ ُ‫بِ ْال َم ْمل‬
‫وك‬
They order righteousness with parents, maintenance of family ties, good
neighborliness, and good treatment of orphans, the poor, and the traveler, and
gentleness with servants.
‫ َويَأ ْ ُم ُرونَ ِب َم َعا ِلي‬.‫ق‬ ٍ ِّ ‫ق أ َ ْو ِبغَي ِْر َح‬ ِ ‫علَى ْالخ َْل‬
ٍ ِّ ‫ق ِب َح‬ َ ِ‫َلء َو ْالبَ ْغي ِ َواَّل ْست‬
َ ‫طا َل ِة‬ ِ َ‫ع ِن ْالفَ ْخ ِر َو ْال ُخي‬َ َ‫َويَ ْن َه ْون‬
‫سنَّ ِة‬ ِ ‫غي ِْر ِه فَإِنَّ َما ُه ْم ِفي ِه ُمت َّ ِبعُونَ ِل ْل ِكت َا‬
ُّ ‫ب َوال‬ َ ‫س ِا ِف َها َو ُك ُّل َما َيقُولُونَهُ َو َي ْف َعلُونَهُ ِم ْن َهذَا َو‬
َ ‫س ْف‬ ِ َ‫اِل َ ْخَل‬
َ َ‫ق ََو َي ْن َه ْون‬
َ ‫ع ْن‬
‫ث هللاُ بِ ِه ُم َح َّمدًا صلى هللا عليه وسلم‬ َ َ‫ِين اإل ْسَلَ ِم الَّذِي بَع‬ ُ ‫ِي د‬ َ ‫َو‬
َ ‫ط ِريقَت ُ ُه ْم ه‬
They prohibit pride, vanity, transgression, and disrespecting the creation, whether
it is deserved or not. They order the loftiest ethics and they prohibit foolishness.
All of what they say and do of this, among other things, is only due to their
following the Book and the Sunnah. Their way is the religion of Islam, for which
Allah sent Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him.
ِ ‫س ْبعِينَ فِ ْرقَةً ُكلُّ َها فِي النَّار إَّلَّ َو‬
ً ‫احدَة‬ َ ‫ث َو‬ٍ ‫علَى ثََل‬ َ ُ‫ي ـ صلى هللا عليه وسلم ـ أ َ َّن أ ُ َّمتُه‬
َ ‫ست َ ْفت َِر ُق‬ ُّ ِ‫لَ ِك ْن لَ َّما أ َ ْخبَ َر النَّب‬
َ‫س ُكون‬ِّ ِ ‫ار ْال ُمت َ َم‬
َ ‫ص‬َ ‫ص َحابِي‬ َ َ‫علَ ْي ِه ْالي‬
ْ َ ‫وم َوأ‬ َ ‫علَى ِمثْ ِل َما أَنَا‬ َ َ‫ع ْنهُ أَنَّهُ قَا َل ُه ْم َم ْن َكان‬ ٍ ‫عةُ َوفِي َحدِي‬
َ ‫ث‬ َ ‫ِي ْال َج َما‬ َ ‫َوه‬
‫ع ِة‬َ ‫سنَّ ِة َو ْال َج َما‬
ُّ ‫ب ُه ُم أ َ ْه ُل ال‬ َّ ‫ع ِن ال‬
ِ ‫ش ْو‬ َ ‫ص‬ ِ ‫ض ْالخَا ِل‬ ِ ْ‫َْلم ْال َمح‬ِ ‫بِاإلس‬
However, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, reported that his nation
would split into seventy three sects, each of them in the Hellfire but one, the
‘united community.’ And in the prophetic tradition he said, ‘They are those
adhering to the likes of what myself and my companions are upon today.’ Those
who adhere to pure, unadulterated Islam without deviation, they became Ahl al-
Sunnah wal Jamā’ah.
‫ضا ِئ ِل‬ َ َ‫ورةِ َو ْالف‬َ ُ ‫ب ْال َمأْث‬
ِ ِ‫صابِي ُح الدُّ َجى أُولو ْال َمنَاق‬ َ ‫صا ِل ُحونَ َو ِم ْن ُه ُم أَعَْل ُم ْال ُهدَى َو َم‬ َّ ‫اء َوال‬ ُّ ‫الص ِدِّيقُونَ َوال‬
ِ َ‫ش َهد‬ ِّ ِ ‫َوفِي ِه ُم‬
ُ ‫ورة‬َ ‫ص‬ ْ َّ ‫علَى ِهدَايَتِ ِه ْم َود َِرا َيتِ ِه ْم َو ُه ُم‬
ُ ‫الطائِفَةُ ال َم ْن‬ ْ
َ َ‫ِّين الَّذِينَ أَجْ َم َع ال ُم ْس ِل ُمون‬
ِ ‫ورةِ َوفِي ِه ُم اِل َ ْبدَا ُل َوفِي ِه ُم أَئِ َّمةُ ال ِد‬َ ‫ْال َم ْذ ُك‬
‫ض ُّر ُهم َّم ْن خَالَفَ ُه ْم‬ ُ َ‫ورة ً َّلَ ي‬
َ ‫ص‬ ُ ‫ق َم ْن‬ َ ‫طائِفَةٌ ِم ْن أ ُ َّمتِي‬
ِ ِّ ‫علَى ْال َح‬ َ ‫ي صلى هللا عليه وسلم َّلَ ت َزَ ا ُل‬ ُّ ِ‫الَّذِينَ قَا َل فِي ِه ُم النَّب‬
ُ‫عة‬
َ ‫سا‬ َّ ‫وم ال‬َ ُ‫َوَّلَ َم ْن َخذَلَ ُه ْم َحتَّى تَق‬
Among them are the truthful, the martyrs, and the righteous, and from them are the
signs of guidance, lamps in the darkness, people of notable merit and memorable
virtues. Among them are righteous replacements (al-abdāl), leaders in the religion,
upon whom the Muslims agree as to their guidance and erudition. They are the
group always supported Allah, about whom the Prophet, peace and blessings be

42
Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah by Ibn Taymiyyah

upon him, said, ‘There will continue to be a group of my nation acting upon the
truth and being supported. They will not be harmed by those who oppose them, nor
by those who abandon them, until the establishment of the Hour.’

‫خاتمة‬
Conclusion
ُ ‫ب لَنَا ِم ْن لَدُ ْنهُ َرحْ َمةً إِنَّهُ ُه َو ْال َو َّه‬
.‫اب‬ َ ‫َّللاَ ْالعَ ِظ‬
َ ‫ َوأ َ ْن ََّل يَ ِزي َغ قُلُوبَنَا بَ ْعدَ إِ ْذ َهدَانَا َويَ َه‬.‫يم أ َ ْن يَجْ عَلَنَا ِم ْن ُه ْم‬ َّ ‫فَنَسْأ َ ُل‬
َ ‫سائِ ِر ْال ُم ْر‬
‫سلِينَ َوالنَّ ِبيِِّينَ َوآ ِل ُك ٍِّل‬ َ ‫علَى‬ َ ‫علَى‬
َ ‫س ِيِّ ِدنَا ُم َح َّم ٍد َوآ ِل ِه َو‬ َ ُ‫س ََل ُمه‬ َ ‫صلَ َواتُهُ َو‬ َ ‫ب ْال َعالَ ِمينَ َو‬ ِ ِّ ‫َو ْال َح ْمدُ ِ ََّلِلِ َر‬
َ‫صا ِل ِحين‬َّ ‫سا ِئ ِر ال‬ َ ‫َو‬
We ask Allah Almighty to make us among them, to not divert our hearts after we
were guided, and to grant us His mercy. Verily, He alone is the Granter. All praise
is due to Allah, the Lord of the words. May His blessings and peace be sent upon
our master Muhammad, his family, upon all of the messengers and the prophets,
the families of each and upon all of the righteous.
Success comes from Allah, and Allah knows best.

43