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1. Glass former
2. Flux
3. Modifier
4. Coloring agents
5. Fining agents
6. Cullet (broken glass pieces)
Glass former:
Silica (SiO2),
boric oxide (B2O3) and
phosphoric oxide (P2O5) are the most
common type of glass formers present in
oxide glass
The use of silica glass is wide but melting
temperature of silica is too high (1600-
1725ºC).
Flat glass
Glass fibers
Glass tubing
Flat glass, sheet glass, or plate glass is made
by two processes.
Heating the glass plate to 650ºC after which rapidly cooling the
outer surface by air blasts.
The glasses used in glazed door and making tabletops are made
by this process and is termed as toughened or safety glass.
Made of two or more layers of glass with one or more
"interlayers" of polymeric material bonded between the glass
layers.