STUDY NOTES FOR BANKING AND OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS

PERMUTATION -COMBINATION AND PROBABILITY

PERMUTATION & COMBINATION (abc, acb, bac, bca, cab, cba)

The study of permutations and combinations Number of Permutations : Number of all
is concerned with determining the number of permutations of n things, taken r at a time, is
different ways of arranging and selecting objects given by :
out of a given number of objects, without actually n n!
Pr =
listing them. There are some basic counting b g
n−r !
techniques which will be useful in determining
the number of different ways of arranging or e.g.
selecting objects. (i) 6
P2 =
6!
=
6! 6 × 5 × 4!
= = 30
FACTORIAL (6 − 2)! 4 ! 4!

Factorial denoted by n or n ! 7! 7! 7 × 6 × 5 × 4!
(ii) 7
P3 = = = = 210
Where n! = n. (n-1) (n-2)...............3.2.1 (7 − 3)! 4 ! 4!
eg. (I.) 5! = 5.4.3.2.1 = 120
Note : Number of all permuations of n-things,
(II) 6! = 6.5.4.3.2.1 = 720
taken all at a time = n!
from (i),and (II) we get
Circular Permutations : There are two cases of
6! = 6.5.4.3.2.1
circular-permutations:-
6! = 6.5!
(a) If clockwise and anti clock-wise orders
in general n! = n (n-1) ! are different, then total number of circular-
(III) 1! = 1 permutations is given by (n-1)!
(IV) 0! = 1 (b) If clock-wise and anti-clock-wise orders are
n! = n ×(n-1)! taken as not different, then total number of
n is greater than 0 circular-permutations is given by (n-1)!/2
1! = 1 ×(1-1)! COMBINATION
1! = 1×(0)! (selection, committee, group)
1 = 0! Each of the different groups or selections which
Permutation : (Arrangement) can be formed by taking some or all of a number
of object called a combinations.
The different arrangements of a given number or
things by taking some or all at a time, are called Suppose we want to select two out of three
permutation. persons A, B,C. Then possible selections are :
A permutation is an arrangement of objects in a AB, BC, CA
definite order. Note : AB and BA represent the same selection.
All permutations (or arrangements) made with Suppose we want to select three out of three
the letters of ‘abc’, taking two at a time are : (ab person A, B, C. Then possible selections are
ba, ac, ca, bc, cb). ABC.
All permutation made with the letters a,b,c taking Note : ABC and BAC and CAB are the same
all at a time are : selection.

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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANKING AND OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS

Number of combinations : The number of letters of the word ROSE be arranged ?

combinations of n things, taken r at a time is : Sol. n = 4, r = 4
n!
n
Cr = By Formula :
b g
r !× n − r !
4 4! 4! 4 × 3 × 2 × 1
P4 = = = = 24
Note : (i) If (n=r), n Cr = 1 and n C 0 = 1 (4 − 4)! 0 ! 1
IMPORTANT POINTS Trick :
n n 4! = 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 24
Cr = n Cbn−r g , if r >
2
16 ! Ex. In how many different ways can the
16
eg. C13 =16 C16 −13 =16 C 3 = letters of word ‘TOFFEE’ arranged ?
3 !× 13 !
Sol. Here, ‘F’ and ‘E’ repeated two times
16 × 15 × 14 × 13 ! therefore-
= = 560
3 × 2 × 1 × 13 ! 6!
6
P6 (6 − 6)! 6!
= =
Conclusion :The basic difference between 2
P2 × 2 P2 2!
×
2! 2 !× 2 !
permutation & combination. (2 − 2)! (2 − 2)!
PERMUTATION 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 ×1
= = 180
There are three letters a,b,c and permutation 2 × 1× 2 × 1
made with them by taking two at a time- a,b,c Trick :
ab 6! 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 ×1
= = 180
ac 2 !× 2 ! 2 × 1× 2 × 1
bc
6-different ways Ex. In how many different ways can the
ba
ca letters of the word ELEPHANT be
cb arranged so that vowels always occur
* Here ab, is possible then ba is also possible in together?
permutation. Sol. Vowels = E, E and A.
Combination : There are three person A, B, C we 3!
want to select two out of three. The number of They can be arranged in=
2!
i.e. 3!/2!
combination are : ABC Ways
AB 6! × 3!
AC So total ways = 2!
= 2160
BA Ex. In how many different ways can the
3-different ways
BC
CA lettes of the word ‘ROSE’ be arranged so
CB that vowels never come together ?
* Here AB is possible, then BA is not possible Sol. Ways (never)
in combination because they represent same = Ways (total) - Ways (always)
combination. = 4! - 3! × 2! = 24 -12 = 12
Result : In the above discussion, we observe that Ex. In how many different ways can the
if AB is possible and BA is also possible then we word ‘TOFFEE’arranged so as, vowels
apply permutation and when AB is possible and never come together ?
BA is not possible then we apply combination.
Sol. Ways (never) = ways (Total) - ways
Permutation : (always)
Ex. In how many different ways can the

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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANKING AND OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS

6! 4 !× 3 ! Sol. By formula
= − = 180 - 36= 144 15 × 14
2 !× 2 ! 2 !× 2 ! 15
15
c2 = 2 15–2 = 215 = 2 = 105
Ex. How many words can be formed by 13
re-arranging the letters of the word Ex. From a group of 10 men & 5 women
CURRENT such that C and T occupy 4 persons are to be selected to form a
the first and last position respectively? committee. Find the different number of
5! ways for selection.
Sol. = 60
2! Sol. 15c4 = 4 15 15-4
= 41511
Ex. In how many ways 4 Indians, 5 Africans
and 7 Japanese be seated in a row so
15 × 14 × 13 × 12
that all person of same nationality sits = = 105 × 13 = 1365
4×3×2
together? Ex. From a group of 10 men & 5 women. 4
Sol. 4! × 5! × 7! × 3! person is to be selected such that 3 men
Ex. In how many ways 5 Americans and 5 and 1 woman in the group ?
Indians be seated along a circular table, Sol. = 10c3 × 5c1
so that they are seated in alternative
= 310 × 15 = 310 × 45
positions? ×7 4 7
Sol. 4!x5! =2880
10 × 9 × 8
Ex. How many necklace of 12 beads each = 3 × 2 × 5= 120 × 5 = 600
can be made from 18 beads of different Ex. From a group of 10 men & 5 women. 4
colours? persons are to be selected such that either
Sol. Here clock-wise and anti-clockwise 4 men or 4 women in the group. Find the
arrangements are same. different number of ways.
10 5
Hence total number of circular– Sol. 10c4 + 5c4 = 4 6 + 4 1
permutations:
18
P12 18! 10 × 9 × 8 × 7
= 6 × 24 = + 5= 210 + 5 = 215
2 × 12 4×3×2
Ex. In how many ways can 15 people be Ex. A committee of 5 members is to be formed
seated around two round tables with out of 4 men and 5 women.
seating capacities of 7 and 8 people? (i) In how many ways can a committee
Sol. 15C8×6!×7! consisting of at least 1 woman be
Combination : formed?
Ex. Find the value of 5c2. Sol. 5c1 × 4c4 + 5c2 × 4c3 + 5c3 × 4c2 + 5c4 × 4c1 +
5
5
c5 × 4c0
Sol. 5c2 = 2 5-2 = 2 ×5 3 = 5 × 4 = 10
2
= 5 × 1 + 10 × 4 +10 × 6 + 5 × 4 + 1 = 126
Ex. Find the value of n when nc2 = 105 ?
(ii) In how many ways can a committee
Sol. nc2 = 105
n
consisting of 3 men and 2 women be
2 n-2 = 105 formed ?
n (n- 1) = 210 { 14 < 210 < 15 }
2 2
Sol. c × 5c =
4 4
×
5
3 2 3 1 2 3
n = 15 4×5×4
= = 40
Ex. There are 15 persons in a group. They 2
Ex. There are 6 men and 7 women. In how
shake hand with each other. Find the
many ways a committee of 4 members
different no. of hand shake.

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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANKING AND OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS

can be made such that a particular man is called an event, denoted by E.

always to be excluded? In the above, E = {2, 4, 6} is an event and
Sol. Here are total 13 people, a particular man E⊆S
is to be excluded, so now 12 people are V. Probabilit of occurrence of an event(E) :
left to chosen from and 4 members to be bg
nE
Probability of any event(E) =
chosen. So ways are 12C4 = 495.
b g i.e.
nS
b g nnbbESgg
PE =
PROBABILITY
SOME USEFUL FACTS Where- n (E) ⇒ Total number of required
If one dice is rolled randomly, the set of outcomes
total possible outcomes are {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, n (S) ⇒ Total number of possible outcomes.
6} and the set of all outcomes even number
P (E) ⇒ Probability of Event.
is 2,4,6.
For rolling a dice
From the above example we design some
definitions 3
Probability of the even number = 6
I. Experiment : An experiment or trial is any 1
processor that can be infinitely repeated P (E) =
2
and has a well defined set of possible Results :
outcomes, known as the sample space. (i) P (S) = 1...........(maximum probability is 1)
Ex. The process of rolling dice is known as (ii) P (φ) = 0..........(minimum probability is 0)
experiment. (iii) 0 < P (E) < 1
II. Random Experiment : A random experiment (iv) P(E) + P ( E ) = 1
is an experiment or a process for which
the outcomes can not be predicted with ie. P (E) = 1- P ( E ) ............Where E
certainty. denotes not E
Ex. The process of rolling dice randomly is Ex. In a question there are 5-options in which
known as Random experiment. one is right and remaining 4 are wrong, if
one option is to be selected randomly, what
- Rolling an unbiased dice.
is the probability that-
- Tossing a fair coin.
(I) The question will be right
- Drawing a card from a pack of well
(II) The question will be wrong
shuffled card.
1
- Picking up a ball of certain colour from Sol. P (E) = 5 .............(I)
a bag containing balls of different colours. 4
P ( E ) = ..................(II)
III. Sample space : The set of total possible 5
Adding these equation (I) & (II), we get-
outcomes in an random experiment is
known as sample space, denoted by S.

bg ej
P E +P E = +
1 4
5 5
- For rolling a dice S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
- For tossing a coin once, S = {H, T} bg ej
i.e. P E + P E = 1 ..........(Remember that)
Ex. Find the probability of head when single
- If two coins are tossed, then
coin is tossed.
S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
Sol. For single coin
IV. Event : Any subset of a sample space is

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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANKING AND OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS

n(E) = 1 {H}, n(S) = 2 {H, T} 4 1

1
n (E) = 4, P(E) = 36 = 9

P(E) = Ex. Find the probability that sum is divisible by
2
Ex. Find the probability of 1 head when two 4 when two dice are thrown simultaneously.
coins are tossed simultaneously. nbEg
Sol. P(E) = nbSg
Sol. For two coins
L1,3 2,6 2,2O MM 3,1 PP
n(S) = 4 {(H, H) (T, T) (H, T) (T, H)} 6,2 6,6 9
=
1

n(E) = 2 {(H, T) (T, H)}

MM3,5 5,3 4,4 PP , 36 4

2 1
N Q
P(E) = = Ex. Find the probability that sum is a prime no.
4 2
Ex. Find the probability of at least one head & less than 8 when two dice are thrown
when two coins are tossed simultaneously. simultaneously.
1 + 2 + 4 + 6 13
Sol. For two coins Sol. P(E) = =
36 36
n(S) = 4 {(H, H) (T, T) (H, T) (T, H)} Note : Sum Ways No. of results
Here, n(E) = 3 {(H, H) (H, T) (T, 2 (1, 1) 1
H)}
3 (1,2) (2,1) 2
3
P(E) = 5 (3,2) (2,3) (1,4) (4,1) 4
4
Ex. Find the probability of at most one head 7 (1, 6) (6, 1) (4, 3) (3, 4)
when two coins are tossed simultaneously. (2, 5) (5, 2) 6
Sol. n(S) = 4 {(H, H) (T, T) (H, T) (T, H)} CARDS
n(E) = 3 {(T, T) (H, T) (T, H)} CARDS (52)

3 Red (26) Black (26)

P(E) = 4 DICE
Diamond Heart Club Spade
Ex. Find the probability of getting a multiple
13 13 13 13
of 3 when one dice is thrown once.
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 – no. cards
Sol. n(S) = 6 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
→ 9×4 = 36
2 1
n(E) = 2 {3, 6}, P(E) = = Ace, King, Queen; Jack - Honour cards
6 3
Ex. Find the probability of that number which → 4×4 = 16
is a multiple of 2 when one dice is thrown
King, Queen; Jack - Face cards
once.
→ 3×4 = 12
Sol. n(S)=6 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,}
Ex. If from a pack of 52 cards, 1 card is drawn
n(E) = 3 {2, 4, 6}
at random. Find the probability that the card
3 1
P(E) = = is a Ace card.
6 2
Find the probability that sum on both Sol. P(E) = n(E) = C1 = 4 = 1
4
Ex.
faces is 9 when two dice are thrown n(S) 52
C1 52 13
simultaneously. Ex. If from a pack of 52 playing cards, 1 card
Sol. 6 = 36, n(S) = 36
2 is drawn at random. What is the probability
L6, 3O that it is either a king or queen?
M3, 6P
MM PP 4
C1 + 4 C1 8 2
5, 4 Sol. P(E) = 52 = =
M P
N4, 5Q C1 52 13

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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANKING AND OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS

PRACTICE QUESTION
Q.1. How many arrangements can be made of the letters of the word ‘ARRANGEMENT’?
(1) 2492800 (2) 249300 (3) 2494800 (4) 2491808 (5) None of these
Q.2. If the different permutations of the word EXAMINATION are listed as in a dictionary,
how many items are there in this list before the first word starting with E ?
(1) 906200 (2) 907200 (3) 908200 (4) 905200 (5) None of these
Q.3. How many numbers greater than a million can be formed with the digits 2, 3, 0, 3, 4, 2, 3 ?
(1) 360 (2) 240 (3) 480 (4) 460 (5) None of these
Q.4. How many different necklaces can be formed with 6 White and 5 Red beads ?
(1) 18 (2) 24 (3) 21 (4) 27 (5) None of these
Q.5. The Chief Ministers of 11 States of India meet to discuss the language problem. In how
many ways can they seat themselves at a round table so that the Punjab and Madras Chief
Ministers sit together ?
(1) 725760 (2) 625760 (3) 925760 (4) 825760 (5) None of these
Q.6. If C(n, 7) = C(n, 5), Find the value of n ?
(1) 15 (2) 12 (3) 18 (4) 2 (5) None of these
Q.7. If C(n, 8) = C(n, 6), find C(n, 2)
(1) 91 (2) 81 (3) 61 (4) 71 (5) None of these
Q.8. How many words can be formed out of the letters of the word ‘ORIENTAL’ so that
vowels always occupy the odd places ?
(1) 576 (2) 578 (3) 676 (4) 720 (5) None of these
Q.9. How many ways can the letters of the word ‘UNIVERSAL’ be arranged ? In how many
of these will E, R, S always occur together ?
(1) 32240 (2) 30240 (3) 30248 (4) 31240 (5) None of these
Q.10. In how many different ways, the letters of the word ALGEBRA can be arranged in a row
if. The two As are together ?
(1) 720 (2) 620 (3) 780 (4) 1600 (5) None of these
Q.11. In how many ways can a cricket team of 11 players be selected out of 16 players if one
particular players is to be excluded ?
(1) 1565 (2) 1365 (3) 1165 (4) 1265 (5) None of these
Q.12. In how many ways can a cricket team of 11 players be selected out of 16 players if two
particular players are to be included and one particular player is to be rejected ?
(1) 715 (2) 615 (3) 915 (4) 515 (5) None of these
Q.13. In how many different ways can the letters of the word ‘RUMOUR’ be arranged ?
(1) 180 (2) 90 (3) 30 (4) 720 (5) None of these
Q.14. In how many ways can a group of 5 men and 2 women be made out of a total of 7 men
and 3 women ?
(1) 63 (2) 90 (3) 126 (4) 45 (5) None of these
Q.15. In how many ways can a committee consisting of 5 men and 6 women be formed from 8
men and 10 women ?
(1) 266 (2) 5040 (3) 11760 (4) 86400 (5) None of these

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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANKING AND OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS

Q.16. How many words can be formed from the all letters of the word INITIAL such that the
all words must have started and ended with letter 'I' ?
(1) 120 (2) 20 (3) 5040
(4) 240 (5) None of these
Q.17. In how many ways can the all letters of the word 'DELHI' be arranged that the vowels
occupy only at even places?
(1) 12 (2) 60 (3) 120 (4) 30 (5) None of these
Q.18. In how many ways can the letters of the word Russia be arranged?
(1) 360 (2) 60 (3) 180 (4) 64 (5) None of these
Q.19. In how many ways we can select a six members team from 8 men and 5 women. In which
women are dominating ?
(1) 148 (2) 48 (3) 60
(4) can't determined (5) None of these
Q.20. There are 5 boys and 3 girls. In how many ways can they be seated in a row so that all
the three girls do not sit together ?
(1) 38,000 (2) 36,000 (3) 18,000 (4) 19,000 (5) None of these
Q.21. In a single throw of two dice. What is the probability of a multiple of 2 on one and a
multiple of 3 on the other ?
5 25 11 1
(1) 36 (2) 36 (3) 36 (4) 9 (5) None of these
Q.22. Two dice are throwm . Find the probability of getting an odd number on one and a multiple
of three on the other ?
5 25 11 1
(1) 36 (2) 36 (3) 36 (4) 9 (5) None of these
Q.23. The letters of word “SOCIETY” are placed in a row. What is the probability that three
vowels come together ?
3 2 1 4
(1) 7 (2) 7 (3) 7 (4) 7 (5) None of these
Q.24. Find the probability that in a random arrangement of letters of the words “UNIVERSITY”
two ‘ I’s do not come together.
4 1 3 2
(1) 5 (2) 5 (3) 5 (4) 3 (5) None of these
Q.25. If letters of the word ‘PENCIL’ are arranged in random order, What is the probability that
N is ‘ALWAYS’ next to E ?
1 5 1 2
(1) (2) 6 (3) 3 (4) 3 (5) None of these
6
Q.26. What is the probability that one card drawn at random from the pack of playing cards
may be either a queen or an ace ?
1 2 3 4
(1) 13 (2) 13 (3) 13 (4) 13 (5) None of these
Q.27. In a class of 25 students with roll numbers 1 to 25, a student is picked up at random to
answer a question.Find the probability that the roll number of the selected student is either
multiple of 5 or 7.
6 4 8 7
(1) 25 (2) 25 (3) 25 (4) 25 (5) None of these

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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANKING AND OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS

Q.28. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. find the probability of getting spade or ace or
red card.
9 4 11 10
(1) 13 (2) 13 (3) 13 (4) 13 (5) None of these
Q.29-31 One bag contains 4 white and 2 black balls. Another contains 3 white and 5 black balls.
One ball is drawn from each bag.
Q.29. Find the probability that both are white.
1 1 1 3
(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 4 (5) None of these
Q.30. Find the probability that both are black.
5 19 11 1
(1) 24 (2) 24 (3) 24 (4) 24 (5) None of these
Q.31. Find the probability that one is white and one is black.
11 13 1
(1) 24 (2) 24 (3) (4) 1 (5) None of these
2 6
Q.32-35. An urn contains 25 balls numbered 1 to 25. Suppose an odd number is considered a
‘success’ Two balls are drawn from the urn with replacement.
Q.32. Find the probability of getting two successes.
169 312 481 144
(1) 625 (2) 625 (3) 625 (4) 625 (5) None of these
Q.33. Find the probability of getting exactly one success.
169 312 481 144
(1) 625 (2) 625 (3) 625 (4) 625 (5) None of these
Q.34. Find the probability of getting at least one success.
169 312 481 144
(1) 625 (2) (3) (4) 625 (5) None of these
625 625
Q.35. Find the probability of getting no success.
169 312 481 144
(1) (2) 625 (3) (4) 625 (5) None of these
625 625
Q.36. From a pack of cards, two are drawn the first being replaced before the second is drawn
Find the probability that the first is a diamond and the second is a king.
3 1 1 1
(1) 52 (2) (3) 52 (4) (5) None of these
26 4
Q.37-40. A husband and wife appear in an interview for two vacancies in the same post. The
probability of husband’s selection is 1/7 and that of wife’s 1/5
Q.37. What is the probability that only one of them will be selected ?  
2 1 11
24
(1) 7 (2) 35 (3) (4) 35 (5) None of these
35
Q.38. What is the probability that both of them will be selected ?
2 1 24 11
(1) (2) 35 (3) 35 (4) 35 (5) None of these
7
Q.39. What is the probability that none of them will be selected ?
2 1 24 11
(1) 7 (2) (3) (4) 35 (5) None of these
35 35
Q.40. What is the probability that at least one of them will be selected ?
2 1 24 11
(1) (2) 35 (3) 35 (4) (5) None of these
7 35

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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANKING AND OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS

EXPLANATION
Q.1.(5) Solution Q.4.(3) Solution : n = Total no. of beads =
The given word consists of 11 letters 6+5
out of which A occurs 2 times, R = 11
occurs 2 times, N occrus 2 times and P1 = 6, P2 = 5
E occurs 2 times and remaining three
are different. No. of different necklaces

Number of arrangements =
b g
1 11 – 1 ! = 10 !
2 6! 5! 2.6 ! 5 !
11!
= = 2491800
2! 2! 2! 2!
10.9.8.7.6 !
= = 3 × 7 = 21
2.6 !.5.4.3.21
.
Q.2.(5) Solution
Starting with E and arranging the Q.5.(1) Solution : Treat the Punjab and
other ten letters X, A, M, I, N, A, T, I, Madras Chief Ministers as one then
O, N ( I occurs twice N occurs twice, we have (P.M.) + 9 others.
A occurs twice).
\ We have to arrange 10 persons round
10 ! 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1
= a table. This can be done in (10–1)!
2! 2! 2! 2×2×2
= 9! ways.
= 453600 words
Corresponding to each of these 9!
The number of items in the list before
ways and Punjab and Madras Chief
the first word starting with E is
Ministers can interchange their
453600.
places in 2! ways. Associating the
Q.3.(1) Solution two operations, total number of ways.
A number greater than a million has 7 = 9!2! = (9.8.7.6.4.3.2.1)(2.1)
places, and thus all the 7 given digits
= 725760.
are to be used. But 2 is repeated twice
Q.6.(2) Solution : We know that C(n, r) =
and 3 is repeated thrice.
n!
Total number of ways of arranging
these 7 digits amongst themselves.
b g
r! n – r !

7! Now, C(n, 7) = C(n, 5)

= = 420
n! n!
2! 3 ! =
But numbers beginning with zero ⇒
b g b
7! n – 7 ! 5! n – 5 ! g
are no more seven digited numbers,
⇒ 5!(n–5)! = 7!(n–7)!
hence we have to reject those
numbers which begin with zero, and ⇒ [5!], (n–5) (n–6) [(n–7)!] = 7.6.[5]
(n–7)!
such numbers are.
⇒ n2–11n + 30 = 42
6! ⇒ n2 – 11n + 30 – 42 = 0
= = 60
2! 3 ! ⇒ n2–11n–12=0
Hence, the required number of
⇒ (n–12)(n+1) = 0
arrangements, = 420 – 60 = 360.
⇒ n–12 = 0 or n + 1 =0

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[10]
 STUDY NOTES FOR BANKING AND OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS

⇒ n = 12 or n = – 1 Q.12.(1) Solution 11 players can be selected out

But n = – 1 is rejected as n is a non- 16 !
of 16 players in 16C11 ways = = 4368
negative integer. 11! 5 !
ways
∴ n = 12 If two particular players are to be included
Q.7.(1) Solution C (n, 8) = C(n, 6) and one particular player is to be rejected,
then we have to select 9 more out of 13
n! n!
= in 13C9 ways
=
b g b
8! n – 8 ! 6! n – 6 ! g 13 !
= 715
⇒ 6!(n–6)! = 8!(n–8)! 9! 4!
⇒ 6! (n–6) (n–7)[(n–8)!] = 8.7.6!(n–8)! 6
⇒ n2 – 13n +42=56
2
⇒ n2 –13n + 42 – 56 = 0 Q.13.(5) = 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 = 360
⇒ n2 – 13n – 14 = 0 Q.14.(1) Solution
⇒ (n–14)(n+1) = 0 7×6
7
C5 ×3 C2 ×3
⇒ n – 14 = 0 or n + 1 = 0 Total ways = = 2
⇒ n =14 or n = –1 = 63
But n = –1 is rejected as n is a non- Q.15.(3) Solution
negative integer 8 10
Total ways = C 5 × C 6
⇒ n = 14
8 × 7 × 6 10 × 9 × 8 × 7
14 ! 14.13.12! = ×
∴ C(n, 2) = C(14, 2) = = 3 × 2×1 4 × 3 × 2×1
2! 12! . !
212
= 91.
= 11760
Q.8.(1) ∴ 4 vowels occupy odd places, that is 1,
3, 5 and 7. No. of odd places = 4 Q.16.(1) 120
∴ 4 vowels can be arranged in 4 ‘X’ Number of words form by word “initial”
marked places = P(4, 4) ways = 4! ways must have started and ended with letter
‘I’
∴ The required no. of words
= 5! = 120
= 4!×4! = 24 × 24 = 576
Q.17.(1) C V C V C
Q.9.(2) Solution
No. of ways to arrange = L3 L2
7 !× 3 ! = 30240
=3x2x2
Q.10.(1) 6!×2! ÷ 2! = 6! = 720.
= 12
Q.11.(2) Solution
Q.18.(1) 360
11 player can be selected out of 16 players
in There are six letters in ‘RUSSIA’ in which
letter ‘S’ is twice
16 !
16
C11 ways = 11! 5 ! = 4368 ways Therefore possible words = 6!
2!
If one particular player is to be excluded, = 360 words
then selection is to be made of 11 players Q.19.(1) 148
out of 15 players and this can be done in
15
C11 ways The way of making the team in which
majority of women will be.
15 ! = 5c x 8c + 5c x 8c
= 1365 ways 4 2 5 1
11! 5 !
= 5 x 28 + 1 x 8 = 140 + 8=148

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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANKING AND OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS

Q.20.(2) 36000 Q.25.(1) Number of ways in which 6 letters of the

Total strength = 5 + 3 = 8 word PENCIL can be arranged is P (6,6)
= 6!
It can be arranged by = 8!
If N is next to E, they can be considered
Now condition of Arrangement of 5 boys as one and the 5 letters can be arranged
= 5! in P(5,5) =5! ways.
& arrangement of 3 girls = 3! 5! 1
Total conditions of sitting in a row so that ∴ The required probability = 6 ! = 6
all three girls not sit together Q.26.(2) A : Getting a queen B : Getting an ace
= 8! - 3! x 6! 4 4 0
P(A) = 52 ,P(B)= , P(A ∩ B) = =0
40320 - 4320 = 36000 52 52
∪
∴ Required probability = P(A B)
Q.21.(3) In this case, the favourable cases are
=P(A) +P(B) -P(A ∩ B)
(2,3),(2,6),(4,3),(4,6),(6,3),(6,6),(3,2),(3,4
), 4 4 8 2
= + −0= =
(3,6),(6,2),(6,4). 52 52 52 13
Q.27.(3) A:Roll number is multiple of 5, B : Roll
Thus, the number of favourable cases = 11 number is multiple of 7.
11 A = (5,10, 15,20,25) B = (7,14,21)
∴ Required probability =
36
Q.22.(3) Favourable cases are 5 3 0
P(A) = ,P(B) = ,P( A ∩ B) = =0
(1,3),(1,6),(3,3),(3,6),(5,3),(5,6),(3,1),(6,1 25 25 25
),(6,3),(3,5),(6,6)
∴ Required probability = P(A ∪ B)
Total No. of exhaustive cases
= P(A) +P(B) -P(A ∩ B)
= 6 × 6 = 36.
5 3 8
11 11 + −0=
∴ Required probability = = = 25 25 25
36 36
Q.23.(3) There are 7 letters in the word ‘SOCI- Q.28.(4) A : Getting spade card B:Getting ace card
ETY’ which can be arranged in 7! ways. C: Getting red card
Considering the three vowels in the word P(A)
‘SOCIETY’ as one letter, we can arrange
5 letter in a row in 5 ! ways also, three
vowels can themselves be arranged in 3!
=
13
52
,P(B) =
4
52
,(C) =
26
52
b
,P A ∩ B = g
1
52
,

ways
∴ The total number of arrangements in
which three vowels come together are 5!
b
P B∩C = g 2
52
,P(C ∩ A ) =
0
52
= 0,
×3!
0
Hence, the required probability P(A ∩ B ∩ C) = =0
52
5 !× 3 ! 3 × 2 × 1 1 ∴ Required probability= P(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= =
7! 7×6 7 = P(A) + P(B)+P(C) - P (A ∩ B) - P(B ∩ C)
Q.24.(1) Out of the letters in the word ‘UNIVERSI- -P(C ∩ A)+P(A ∩ B ∩ C)
TY’ two letters ‘I’ are alike. 13 4 26 1 2 40 10
= + + − − +0= =
∴ Required probability 52 52 52 52 52 52 13

4 Q.29.(3) Probability of drawing a white ball from

= 5 4 2
the first bag = 4 C1 ÷ 6 C1 = =
6 3

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[12]
 STUDY NOTES FOR BANKING AND OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS

Probability of drawing a white ball from FG IJ

12 12
=
144
3 C1 3
the second bag = 8 = 8
Q.35.(4) P (no success) = qp =
25 25H K625

C1
Since the events are independent, the
Q.36.(3) A : First card is diamond card B : Second
probability that both the balls are white
card is king card.
2 3 1
= × = 13 1 4 1
3 8 4 = ,P(B) = =
Q.30.(1) Probability of drawing a black ball from P(A) = 52 4 52 13
2 1 ∴Required probability = P(A)P(B)
first bag = =
6 3 1 1 1
Probability of drawing a black ball from × =
5 = 4 13 52
the second bag =
8 Q.37.(1) A : Husband selected, B : wife selected
∴ Probability that both balls are black
1 1 6
1 5 5 P(A) = 7 ⇒ ( A ) = 1 − P( A ) = 1 − 7 = 7
= × =
3 8 24
Q.31.(2)The event one is white and one is black’ is
the same as the event ‘either the first is 1 1 4
P(B)= ⇒ (B) = 1 − P(B) = 1 − =
white and the second is black or the first 5 5 5
is black and the second is white’
∴ The probability that one is white and P(only one of them will be selected)
2 5 1 3 13
one is black = × + × =
3 8 3 8 24 ej
= P(A)P B +P(B)P A ej
13 1 4 1 6 FG IJ FG IJ
4 + 6 10 2
Q.32.(1)Success : Getting odd number P = 25 = 7 5 + 5 7 = 35 = 35 = 7
H K H K
13 12
⇒ q = 1− P = 1− =
25 25
Q.38.(2) P (both of them will be selected)
P (two successes) = pp 1 1 1
=P(A) ×P(B) = × =
13 13 169 7 5 35
= × =
25 25 625
Q.33.(2)P (exactly one success) = pq + qp Q.39.(3) P (at least one of them will be selected)
13 12 12 13 156 + 156 312 6 4 24

× + ×
25 25 25 25
=
625
=
625 ej ej
= P A ×P B = × =
7 5 35
Q.40.(4) P (at least one of them will be selected)
Q.34.(3) P (at least one success) =1 P (no success)
F 12 I F 12 I = 1 − 144 ej ej
= 1 -P A P B
=1–qp = 1 - GH 25 JK GH 25 JK 625 6 4 24 11
=1- 7 × 5 =1- =
35 35
625 − 144 481
= =
625 625

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