Theory of Machines Vibrations

Theory
of Machines & Vibrations

Solutions for Volume – I _ Classroom Practice Questions
 502  60 2  60 2 
 4 e1  cos  1
  65.37 0
Chapter- 1  2  50  60 
Analysis of Planar Mechanisms C
20 60
A
4e2
01. Ans: (a, c) 20
50 D
B
02. Ans: (c)
 602  502  202 
Sol: 4 e 2  cos 1    18.19o
Q R
 2  60  50 
3
2 2.5
05. Ans: (a)
P 2.7 S Sol: C
40
The given dimensions of the linkage 
B
satisfies Grashof’s condition to get double 60
rocker. We need to fix the link opposite to 20
the shortest link. So by fixing link ‘RS’ we A D

50
get double rocker.
Where,  = Transmission angle
03. Ans: (d) BD = 20 2  50 2  53.85 cm
Sol: At toggle position velocity ratio is ‘zero’ so By cosine rule
mechanical advantage is ‘’. BC 2  CD 2  BD 2
cos =
2BC  CD
04. Ans: (d) 40 2  60 2  53.85 2
Sol: The two extreme positions of crank rocker =  0.479
2  40  60
mechanisms are shown below figure.  = 61.37
40 D
B 06. Ans: (c)
20 60
4e1 Sol: Two extreme positions are as shown in
A D
50 figure below.
Let r = radius of crank = 20 cm
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:2: ME – GATE _ Vol – I _ Solutions
l = length of connecting rod = 40 cm OO1 = 40 cm , OA = 20 cm

h = 10 cm O A 20 1
sin    
O O1 40 2
40
2    30 0
 10
20 1
20 180  2 180  60
QRR = 
180  2 180  60
S2 S1
 QRR = 2
09. Ans: (c)

Stroke = S1 – S2
Sol: O 4 O 2 P  180o sketch the position diagram
S1 =   r 2  h 2  60 2  10 2  59.16cm
for the given input angle and identify the
S2    r 2  h 2  20 2  10 2  17.32cm Instantaneous Centers.
Stroke = S1 – S2 = 59.16 – 17.32 = 41.84 cm Q
07. Ans: (b) O2P=O2O4=a

P
 h 
1 1  10 
PQ=O4Q= 2a
Sol: 1  sin    sin    9.55
r  60  O2
2 rad /sec O4
 h 
1 1  10 
2  sin    sin    30
r  20 
Q I34
 = 2 1 = 20.41
4
Quick return ratio 3
QRR   180    1.2558 P I12 I14.I13

180   I23
2 O2 O4
1
08. Ans: (c)
Sol:
O  I13 is obtained by joining I12 I23 and I14 I3
900
3 I12 I 23 a
A  
 2 I13 I 23 2a
 3 1

O1 2 2
3 = 1 rad /sec
:3: Theory of Machines & Vibrations
Alternate Method: r sin (  )

x
The position diagram is isosceles right sin (90  )
angle triangle and the velocity triangle is VS = r 2 sin ( + )  sec  
similar to the position diagram. = VC sin ( + )  sec
 lr PQ o2, o4
2a
45 o
11. Ans: (a)
q 45 o
Sol: lr to CD
2a p
lr O4 Q a,d,c
Velocity (Diagram) lr to BC

b
Vqp = 3 l3  2a  3  2a Velocity diagram
3 = 1 VC = 0 = dc  CD
Vq = l4 4  2a  2a  4  CD = 0
Note: If input and coupler links are collinear,
 4 = 1rad/sec
then output angular velocity will be zero.
10. Ans: (b)

12. Ans: (c)
Sol:
(2,4) (I centre) Sol: In a four bar mechanism when input link and
)
90 C output links are parallel then coupler
+ velocity(3) is zero.
x 3
2  l2 2 = l4 4
90 l4 = 2l2 (Given )
12  
4  4 = 2 / 2 = 2/2 = 1 rad/s
O 2, 4 = angular velocity of input and output
1 link respectively.
OC = r Fixed links have zero velocity.
Velocity of slider VS = (12 – 24) 2 At joint 1, relative velocity between fixed
= x 2 link and input link = 2–0 = 2
x r Rubbing velocity at joint 1 = Relative


sin (  ) sin (90  ) velocity  radius of pin = 210 = 20 cm/s
At joint 2, rubbing velocity = (2+3)  r
= (2+0)10 = 20 cm/s
+ve sign means 2 and 3 are moving in 14. Ans: (a)

opposite directions. Sol: Here as angular velocity of the connecting
At joint 3, rubbing velocity = (4+3)r rod is zero so crank is perpendicular to the
= (1+0)  10 = 10 cm/s line of stroke.
At joint 4, rubbing velocity Vs = velocity of slider = r2
= (4 – 0)  r 2 = 1  2  2 = 2 rad/sec
= (1 – 0)  10 = 10 cm/s
15. Ans: (d)
Sol: a
13. Ans: (a)
Sol: B C l3 3 900 r 2
75
50  90o-
b o
Vs
A E
D Here the crank is perpendicular to
50
connecting rod
75 Velocity of rubbing = (2 + 3) r
F Where, r = radius of crank pin
From the velocity diagram VAB = ab = ?
oa = 2  r = 10  0.3 = 3 m/sec
oab is right angle .
Considering the four bar mechanism
ABCD, l2|| l4 oa 40
tan      = 53.13
ab 30
50  3
  2 2   4 4  4   2 rad / sec r2
75 tan  
3
CDE being a ternary link angular velocity
of DE is same as that of the link DC ( 4 ). 
where, n 
r
For the slider crank mechanism DEF, crank
2 10 90
is perpendicular to the axis of the slider. 3  2
 2
  5.625CW 
n 4 16
 Slider velocity = DE  4  
3
= 50  2
Vrb = (2 + 3)  r
= 100 cm/sec (upward)
= (10+ 5.625)  2.5 = 39 cm/s

16. Ans: (d) 21. Ans: (a)

Sol: As for the given dimensions the mechanism Sol:
is in a right angle triangle configuration and P
the crank AB is perpendicular to the lever R 300 VP V

A
CD. The velocity of B is along CD only
which is purely sliding component
O
 Velocity of the slider
Here ‘O’ is the instantaneous centre
 AB   AB  10  250  2.5 m / sec
VP =   OP
VA = R
17. Ans: (a)
R 2  R 2  OP 2
180  2 2 In  OAP , cos 120 =
Sol: QRR      30 o 2R  R
180  2 1
OS OP 2R 2  OP 2
sin    OS   250mm – 0.5 =
OP 2 2R 2
OP = 3R
18. Ans: (b) VP = 3R    3V
Sol: Maximum speed during forward stroke or VO = V
occurs when PQ is perpendicular to the line o
60o
120o
of stroke of the tool i. e. PQ, OS & OQ are
VPO
in straight line VP = 3V
 V  250  2  750   PQ    
VP  VO  VPO  V  OP  
2
  PQ 
3  V 2  V 2  2V 2 cos 60  3 V
19. Ans: (d)

VP 22. Ans: (d)
Sol:
Sol:
VQ = VP + VPQ VPQ 1 2 N
VQ L
20. Ans: (a) 3

90 4
Sol: For rigid thin disc rolling on plane without M
slip. The ‘I’ centre lies on the point of
contact. 1

By considering the links 1, 2 and 4 as for 24. Ans: (a)

three centers in line theorem, I12, I14 and I24 Sol: C
lies on a straight line I12 is at infinity along 
the horizontal direction while I14 is at 50 40
infinity along vertical direction hence I24
B 2 rad/sec
must be at infinity A
20
D
30
23. Ans: (a)
Sol: (Position Diagram)
A
I  BC  AB
1m/s
1m b
600
l33
O B l22
  DC
Va = 1 m/s a,d l44 c
Va = Velocity along vertical direction (Velocity Diagram)
Vb = Velocity along horizontal direction
Let the angle between BC & CD is . Same
So instantaneous center of link AB will be
will be the angle between their
perpendicular to A and B respectively i.e at
perpendiculars.
I
 2 2
1 From Velocity Diagram, = tan 
IA  OB  cos   1  cos 60 0  m  4 4
2
30
3 From Position diagram, tan  =
IB  OA  sin   1  sin 60  m 0
40
2
4 40 30
Va    IA  2 =  4   tan   2   = 3
2 20 40
Va 1
   2 rad / sec 2 = 3 rad/sec
IA V2
Note: DC is the rocker (Output link) and

AB is the crank (Input link).

25. Ans: (c)

Sol:
E,I13 900 I
45
B C
I23 I34 36
27
VQ=1m/sec
I41
I12
D
A Q 45 65
50
20
70
20
I13 = Instantaneous center of link 3 with VP P
respect to link 1
As AED is a right angle triangle and the ‘I’ is the instantaneous centre.
sides are being integers so AE = 30 cm and From sine rule
DE = 40 cm PQ IQ IP
 
BE = 3 cm and CE = 4 cm sin 45 sin 70 sin 65
By ‘I’ center velocity method, IP sin 65

V23= 2(AB) = 3(BE) IQ sin 70
1 27 VQ  I Q    1
3   9 rad / s
3
VQ
 
IQ
26. Ans: (a)
IP sin 65
Sol: Similarly, V34= 3(EC) = 4(CD) VP  IP     VQ  1
IQ sin 70
94
4   1 rad / s = 0.9645
36
28. Ans: (c)

27. Ans: (d)
Sol: Consider the three bodies the bigger spool
Sol: Refer the figure shown below, By knowing
(Radius 20), smaller spool (Radius 10) and
the velocity directions instantaneous centre
the frame. They together have three I
can be located as shown. By knowing
centers, I centre of big spool with respect to
velocity (magnitude) of Q we can get the
the frame is at its centre A. that of the small
angular velocity of the link, from this we
spool with respect to the frame is at its
can get the velocity of ‘P using sine rule.
centre H. The I centre for the two spools P
is to be located.

29. Ans: (b)

H Sol: I23 should be in the line joining I12 and I13.
P
A Similarly the link 3 is rolling on link 2.
Locus of I23
C F
B
D E
As for the three centers in line theorem all A D C

the three centers should lie on a straight line I13 I23
implies on the line joining of A and H. I12
45 5 Locus of I23
More over as both the spools are rotating in
the same direction, P should lie on the same So the I – Center I23 will be on the line
side of A and H. Also it should be close to perpendicular to the link – 2. (I23 lies
the spool running at higher angular velocity. common normal passing through the contact
Implies close to H and it is to be on the right point)
of H. Whether P belongs to bigger spool or So the point C is the intersection of these
smaller spool its velocity must be same. As two loci which is the center of the disc.
for the radii of the spools and noting that the So  2 I12 , I 23   3 I13 , I 23 
velocity of the tape is same on both the  2  50  1 5
spools
 2  0.1 rad / sec
H = 2A
AP.  A  HP  H and
30. Ans: 1 (range 0.95 to 1.05)
AP  AH  HP  HP  AH
Sol: Locate the I-centre for the link AB as
Note: shown in fig. M is the mid point of AB
(i) If two links are rotating in same directions Given, VA = 2 m/sec
then their Instantaneous centre will never lie
in between them. The ‘I’ center will always VA QB
close to that link which is having high A
velocity. 30o I
QA
M 30o
(ii) If two links are rotating in different
60o 60o B
directions, their ‘I’ centre will lie in between Q VB
the line joining the centres of the links.

VA 33. Ans: (d)

VA  IA.   
IA Sol:
A aTA = r
V IM
VM  IM.  IM A  .VA aTO = r an
IA IA
1 O
 sin 30 o.VA  .2  1m / sec
2 Acceleration at point ‘O’
31. Ans: (a) & 32. Ans: (b) a   
o  a TO  a TA  a n
Sol: fco = 0.4 a 

TO and a TA are linear accelerations
 300 with same magnitude and opposite in

fr
X
fl = 0.5 O direction.
c
f = 0.4
V2
 aO  a n   r 2
ft = 0.2 r
Centripetal acceleration, r
o
c 2 2 r2
f = r = 0.4 m/s acts towards the centre fR
Tangential acceleration, ft = r = 0.2 m/s2 a
r
acts perpendicular to the link in the (Acceleration diagram)
direction of angular acceleration. Linear
deceleration = 0.5 m/s2 acts opposite to Resultant acceleration, fR = r 2
velocity of slider
As the link is rotating and sliding so coriolis 34. Ans: (c)
component of acceleration acts Sol: Z
VB
fco = 2V = 2  0.2  1 = 0.4 m/s2 
To get the direction of coriolis acceleration, VA
rotate the velocity vector by 900 in the

direction of . O
Resultant acceleration
VB = OB  
= 0.6 2  0.12  0.608 m / sec 2
VA = OA  
 0.6 
  tan  1
  80.5 VBA = VB – VA = (OB – OA)  
 0.1 
=  (rB – rA)
Angle of Resultant vector with reference to
and direction of motion point ‘B’.
OX = 30 +  = 30 + 80.5 = 110.530

: 10 : ME – GATE _ Vol – I _ Solutions
35. Ans: (d) As links O1A and O2B are parallel then
Sol: As uniform angular velocity is given, VA = VB
Tangential acceleration,  = 0  50  2 = 50  2
Centripetal acceleration,  2 = 2 rad/sec
2 2
fBA = (rB – rA )   from Z to ‘O’. As a O2 C and O3D are parallel links then
VC = VD
36. Ans: (a)  100  2 = 100  1
Sol: BC aʹ  1 = 2 rad/sec
VD = r1
= 100  2 = 200 mm/sec
b AB
a c ba bʹ  = 0 (given), so tangential acceleration at
DC
= r = 0
cd cʹ
Centripetal acceleration, fc = r12
Velocity Diagram Acceleration Diagram = 100  (2)2 = 400 mm/sec2
From velocity Diagram, VC = VB

38.
l44 = l22
Sol:
25  4 = 50  0.2 y P
 4 = 0.4 rad/sec Vrel = 0.5 m/s
From Acceleration Diagram,  =  0.732 rad/s2  

l44 = l22  = 1 rad/s(ccw)
 = 300 1m
25  4 = 50  0.1 x
 4 = 0.2 rad/sec2
37. Ans: (d) O =30

Sol: D C O1
f C = r2

90 90 2rad/sec
50 f resultant
50 f t = r
90 90
100
B A
f cor = 2V
1 50 2
O3 O2 Acceleration diagram

: 11 : Theory of Machines & Vibrations
Radial relative acceleration, flinear = 0 FP = 2 kN

Centripetal acceleration, fc = r2 l = 80 cm = 0.8 m
= 112 = 1 m/s2 (acts towards the center) r = 20 cm = 0.2m
Tangential acceleration, f t = r From the triangle
= 10.732 = 0.732 m/sec2 OAB
Coriolis acceleration, fcor = 2V 2  2  r 2

cos  
2 2
= 2  0.5  1 = 1 m/sec2
Resultant acceleration, 2  80 2  20 2
    14.36
2  80 2
f r = 12  1  0.732  = 2 m/sec2
2
20 2  80 2  80 2
cos      82.82
 1.732  2  20  80
 = tan 1    60
 1  Thrust connecting rod
0
reference = 30 + 180 + 60 =270 FP 2
FT    2.065 kN
cos  cos14.36
39. Ans: (d) Turning moment,
Sol: Angular acceleration of connecting rod is FP
T = FT  r  sin(  )   r
given by cos 

a  2 sin 
n 2  1  
2
 sin(14.36  82.82)  0.2
 n 2  sin 2   cos14.36
3/ 2
= 0.409 kN-m
when n = 1, a = 0
42. Ans: (b)

40. Ans: (b) & 41. Ans: (a)
Sol: Calculate AB that will be equal to 260 mm
Sol:
L = 260 mm, P = 160 mm
A
S = 60 mm, Q = 240 mm
r l
L + S = 320

 P + Q = 400
O B
 L+S < P+Q
r
It is a Grashof’s chain
l–r
Link adjacent to the shortest link is fixed
l
 Crank – Rocker Mechanism.

43. Ans: (b) 45. Ans: (d)

Sol: O2A || O4B d 2
Sol: I  T  f sin , cos 
Then linear velocity is same at A and B. dt 2
 2 O2A =  4  O 4 B Where ‘T’ is applied torque, f is inertia
 8  60   4  160 torque which is function of sin & cos
d T
 4 = 3 rad/sec  t  f sin , cos   c1
dt I
T 2
44. Ans: (c)  t  c1 t  f sin , cos 
I
Sol: B
 is fluctuating on parabola
30 N
A  = 22.62
and @ t = 0 ,  = 0 ,  slope  0 (because it
Fsin 160 mm starts from rest)

F Fcos
T 90o
 Parabola
o
90
Fluctuation
O2 O4 because of inertia
240 mm
100
tan      22.62o t
240
As centre of mass falls at O2
mr2  0 r  0 46. Ans: 1 (range 0.9 to 1.1)
Sol:
 = 0 (Given) 
Ft
Inertia torque = 0 Frod
Since torque on link O2A is zero, the 0.8m
0.2m
resultant force at point A must be along 5kN

O2A.
 Fsin22.62 = 30
Given Fp = 5kN
30
 F  78 N Fp
sin 22.62 Frod  , Ft  Frod cos 
cos 
The magnitude of the joint reaction at O2 =
F = 78 N  Ft = 5 kN
Turning moment = Ft.r = 50.2 = 1 kN-m

47. Ans: (a)

Sol:
B
Chapter- 2
Gear and Gear Trains
O2
A 01. Ans (a)

 Sol: Profile between base and root circles is not
N = 120 rpm , O1 involute. If tip of a tooth of a mating gear
2N digs into this non-involute portion
2   4 rad / s
60 interference will occur.
 l1 = O1 O2 = 50 cm
1 02. Ans: (d)
QRR = 1: 2 =
2 Sol: Angle made by 32 teeth + 32 tooth space
1 180  2 = 360.
  180 + 2 = 360 – 4 a
2 180  2 Pitch circle
D
 6 = 180 b m C
  = 30 A
E
B
O2A
sin 30 
O1 O 2
2
1 OA R = 64
  2  O2 A = 25 cm
2 50 O
 l2 = 25 cm 360
2 =  5.625
At the position given above (O1 O2 B) the 64
tool post attains the maximum velocity.   2.8125
At that given instant mT 4  32
R=   64mm
l2 2 = l4 4 & velocity of slider is zero. 2 2
l4 = O1B = l1 + l2 = 50 + 25 = 75 cm a = R sin  2
 25  4 = 75  4 = 64×sin(2.81)×2 = 6.28
100 4 OE = Rcos = 64×cos(2.8125) = 63.9 mm
4    4.19 rad / s
75 3 b = addendum+ CE = module +(OC – OE)
4 = angular velocity of slotted lever. = 4 + (64 – 63.9) = 4.1

03. Ans: (a) mP = mQ = 2mm

Sol: When addendum of both gear and pinion mS = mR = 1.5 mm
are same then interference occurs between No. of teeth
Radius = module 
tip of the gear tooth and pinion. 2
Centre distance between P and S is given by
04. Ans: Decreases, Increases RP RQ RR RT
TP TQ T T
05. Ans: (b) = mP  mQ  m R R  mS S
2 2 2 2
Sol: For same addendum interference is most
 40  20  15  20 
 1.5  2
likely to occur between tip of the gear tooth  2   2 
and pinion i.e., at the beginning of the = 45 + 35 = 80 mm
contact.
08. Ans: (c)

06. Ans: (b)
N 2 N3 N5 N6 N3 N6
Sol: For two gears are to be meshed, they should Sol:  
N6 N 2 N4 N5 N 2 N 4
have same module and same pressure angle.
Wheel 5 is the only Idler gear as the number
of teeth on wheel ‘5’ does not appear in the
07. Ans: (b)
velocity ratio.
Sol: P
09. Ans: (a)

Centre
distance Sol: 4
1
Q
R
S 2 3
Z1 = 16 , Z3 = 15 , Z2 = ? , Z4 = ?
Given Tp = 20, TQ = 40, TR = 15, TS = 20
First stage gear ratio, G1 = 4 ,
Dia of Q = 2  Dia of R
Second stage gear ratio, G2 = 3 ,
mQ.TQ = 2mR.TR
m12 = 3, m34 = 4
Given, module of R = mR = 2mm
Z2 = 16  4 = 64
T 15
 mQ = 2 mR R  2  2  1.5 mm Z4 = 15  3 = 45
TQ 40

10. Ans: (b) 13. Ans: (d)

Sol: Centre distance Sol: Data given:
m12 m
=  Z1  Z2   34  Z3  Z4  1= 60 rpm (CW, +ve)
2 2
4 = –120 rpm [2 times speed of gear -1]
4
  15  45  120mm 1  5
2 We have, 6
4  5
11. Ans: 5 rpm (CCW) 60  5

  6 , simplifying
Sol: 1  120  5
60 – 5 = –720 – 65
2 5 = –156 rpm CW
3  5 = 156 rpm CCW
14. Ans: (c)

T1 = 104 , N1 = 0, Sol: 2 = 100 rad/sec(CW+ve),
T2 = 96 , Na = 60 rpm (CW+ve), N2 = ? arm = 80 rad/s (CCW) = –80 rad/sec
N2  Na T 104
 1 5  a  T2 T4
N1  N a T2 96  
2  a T3 T5
N 2  60 104
= 5  (80)  20 32 1
0  60 96   
100  (80) 24 80 3
 104   60  8
N2 = 60 1   = = 5 rpm CW  5 = 140 CW = 140 CCW
 96  96
= 5 rpm in CCW
15. Ans (c)
12. Ans: (a)
Sol: By Analytical Approach 16. Ans: (c)
1  5  T2  T4 45 40 Sol: No .of Links, L = 4
   
 4  5 T1 T3 15 20 No. of class 1 pairs J1=3
1  5 No. of class 2 pairs J2 =1 (Between gears)
6
 4  5 No. of dof = 3(L – 1) – 2J1 – J2 = 2

17. Ans: (a) 20. Ans: (d)

Sol: rb = base circle radius, Sol: TS + 2 TP = TA -----(1)
rd = dedendum radius N A  N a TP
 ------(2)
r = pitch circle radius. N P  N a TA
For the complete profile to be invoulte, N P  NS T

and   S ------(3)
r b = rd NS  N G TP
rd = r – 1 module From (2) and (3)

mT 16  5 NA  Na T
r=  = 40 mm  B
2 2 NS  N a TA
rb = rd = 40 – 1 5 = 35 mm 300  180 80
 
0  180 TA
rb = r cos   ≃ 29o
 TA = 120
18. Ans: – 3.33 N-m 80 + 2 TP = 120

 TP = 20
s   a  Z p
Sol: 
 p  a Zs
0  10  20
 
p  10 40
 p = 30 rad/sec
By assuming no losses in power transmission
Tp  p + Ts s +Ta a = 0
 Tp  30 + Ts 0 +5 10 = 0
 50
 Tp = = – 1.67 N-m, Tp +Ts + Ta = 0
30
 –1.67 + Ts + 5 = 0
 Ts = –3.33 N-m
19. Ans: (a)

1
Sol: Train value =
speed ratio
02.
Chapter- 3 Sol:
Fly Wheels T
01. 9 cm2
18 h
Sol: Given H

b
P = 80 kW = 80103 W = 80,000W Tmean
1 .5
 B  4
E  0.9 Per cycle 0 2 3
N  300 rpm
0.5 cm2 1.7 cm2 0.8 cm2
C S  0.02
2N 2  30 Given: 1 cm2 = 1400 J
   31.41rad / s
60 60 Assume on x-axis 1 cm = 1 radian and on y-
 = 7500 kg/m3 axis 1 cm = 1400 N-m
 c  6 MN / m 2 a1 = –0.5 cm2
a2 = –1.7 cm2
 c  V 2  R 2  2
a3 = 9 cm2
C 6  10 6
a4 = –0.8 cm2
R 
 2 7500  31.412 Work done per cycle = –a1– a2 + a3 – a4
R = 0.9 m
= – 0.5 –1.7 + 9 – 0.8
D = 2R = 1.8m
= 6 cm2
N  300rpm  5rps  0.2 Sec/rev
Workdone per cycle
Mean torque Tm =
1 cycle = 2 revolution 4 stroke engine  4
 0.4 sec 6 1.5
  cm
Energy developed per cycle 4 
= 0.4  80  32 kJ
E  E per cycle  0.9 15.725
17
 32  10  0.9 3 

E  28800 J
b
E  I C S 2 1.275

E
I
2 CS 
I  1459.58 kg-m2
Area of the triangle (expansion) Given:

1 d = 40 mm, t = 30 mm
=   H  9 2
2 E1 = 7 N-m/mm , S = 100 mm
H = 18 / V = 25 m/s, V1  V2 = 3%V, CS = 0.03
Area above the mean torque line A = dt =   40  30
1 = 3769.9 = 3770 mm2
E   b  h
2
Since the energy required to punch the hole
From the similar triangles ,
is 7 Nm/mm2 of sheared area, therefore the
b h 16.5
 b  Total energy required for punching one hole
B H 18
= 7  dt = 26390 N-m
1 16.5
E   b 
2 
Also the time required to punch a hole is
1 16.5 16.5
   = 7.56 cm2 10 sec, therefore power of the motor
2 18 
26390
E = 7.56 1400 = 10587 N-m required =  2639 Watt
10
N1 = 102 rpm, N2 = 98 rpm, The stroke of the punch is 100 mm and it
2N 1 punches one hole in every 10 seconds.
1   10.68 rad / s
60 Total punch travel = 200 mm
2N 2 (up stroke + down stroke)
2   10.26 rad / s
60
Velocity of punch = (200/10) = 20 mm/s
1 Actual punching time = 30/20 = 1.5 sec
E   I  (12   22 )
2
Energy supplied by the motor in 1.5 sec is
2  E 2  10587
I 2  E2 = 2639  1.5 = 3958.5 = 3959 N-m
(1   2 ) 10.68 2  10.26 2
2
I = 2405.6 kg-m2 Energy to be supplied by the flywheel

03. during punching or the maximum
Sol: fluctuation of energy
Power
E = E1  E2
8.52639
= 22431Nm = 26390  3959 = 22431 N-m
Coefficient of fluctuation of speed
1.52639
V1  V2
CS   0.03
8.5 sec 10 sec V
Time
We know that maximum fluctuation of 05. Ans: (d)

energy (E) Sol: Work done = 0.5+12+250.8+0.5
22431 = m V2 CS = m (25)2 (0.03) = 23.2 cm2
m = 1196 kg Work done per cycle = 23.2100 = 2320
04. 1cm 2
 100 N  m 
Sol: Given: W .D per cycle
Tmean 
P = 2 kW ; K=0.5 4
N = 260 rpm ;  = 27.23 rad/s 2320 580
  Nm
Actual punching time = 1.5 sec 4 
Work done per cycle = 10000 Joule per hole Suction = 0 to ,
Motor power = 2 kW
Compression =  to 2
N = 30 rpm
Expansion = 2 to 3,
 = 2 (30/60) =  rad/sec
Exhaust =3  to 4
600 holes/hr = 10 holes/min  6 sec/hole
Cycle time = 6 sec
06. Ans: (c)
Power Sol:
7.5 kJ
60 80 60
7.5 kJ 2.5 kJ A B 40 C D E F 60 G
100
0 4.5 sec 6 sec
Time
Energy withdrawn from motor 4
= (10000/6) = 1666.67 J
Energy stored in flywheel EA = E
10000 EB = E + 60
  4.5  7.5 kJ
6
EC = E + 60 – 40 = E + 20
Fluctuation of Energy E = 7500 J
ED = E + 20 + 80 = E + 100 = Emax
E = I   = mk2
EE = E + 100 – 100 = E
E
m 2 EF = E + 60
k 
Where k = radius of gyration EG = E + 60 – 60 = Emin
7500 R>P>Q>S
m  349.5 kg
0.5  27.23  
2 Correct answer is option (c).
07. Ans: (b) 10. Ans: (c)

mr 2 Sol: Motor shaft
Sol: I disk  Flywheel
2 4
mr1
2
 Punching
I1  , Cs1 = 0.04 Machine
2 Gear box
2
I2 = 4 mr1 = 4I1
I1 Cs = 0.032
Cs2   C s1  0.01  1% reduce
I2 Gear ratio = 4
Correct answer is option (b). I2  Cs = I2 Cs
2
 C s  2 C s

Cs  Cs    
08. Ans: (b)    16 2 16
Sol: For same E and  = 0.0032 / 16= 0.002
Cs  I (by taking moment of Inertia, I = constant).
CS1 I 2 2I Thus, if the flywheel is shifted from
 
CS 2 I1 I machine shaft to motor shaft when the
CS1 0.04 fluctuation of energy (E) is same, then
CS2   = 0.02
2 2 coefficient of fluctuation of speed decreases
by 0.2% times.
09. Ans: (a)
Sol: Let the cycle time = t 11. Ans: 0.5625
Actual punching time = t/4 m
Sol: The flywheel is considered as two parts
W = energy developed per cycle 2
Energy required in actual punching m
as rim type with Radius R and as disk
= 3W/4 2
During 3t/4 time, energy consumed = W/4 R
type with Radius
3W E 2
E max  , E min 
4 4 m 2
I Rim  R ,
E 2
E = Emax – Emin = 2
2 1 m R mR 2
I disk     
E 2 2 2 16
 0.5
E mR 2 mR 2
I 
2 16

9
 mR 2
16
= 0.5625 mR2 Chapter- 4
Governor
  = 0.5625
01. Ans: (a)
12. Ans: 104.71 Sol: As the governor runs at constant speed,
Sol: N = 100 rpm force on the sleeve is zero.
1  02. Ans: (d)

 0
Tmean  Td
Sol: At equilibrium speed, friction at the sleeve
1 
10000  1000 sin 2  1200 cos 2d
 0
 is zero.
1
 10000  500 cos 2  600 sin 20 03. Ans: (a)

r Mg1  k  
= 10000 Nm Sol: mr2   mg  
h 2 
k =1
2NT
Power = 9.8
60 2  10  2
2  0.2
2    100  10000
 = 104719.75 W  = 17.15 rad/sec
60
P = 104.719 kW
04. Ans: (a)
1
Sol: mr2 a =  200    a
2
1 20 2  0.25  2
=
200
= 0.5  2 = 1 cm
05. Ans: (a)

F 
Sol: mr2  a =  s   a
2
Fs = 2mr2
= 2 1  0.4  (20)2 = 320 N
06. Ans: (c) 09. Ans: (d)

Sol: A governor is used to limit the change in Sol: By increasing the dead weight in a porter
speed of engine between minimum to full governor it becomes more sensitive to speed
load conditions, the sensitiveness of a change.
governor is defined as the ratio of difference
between maximum and minimum speed to 10. Ans: (d)
mean equilibrium speed, thus,
  11. Ans: (a)
Range of speed  N1  N 2 
sensitivenss    Sol: (3)
mean speed  N1  N 2 
 
Force
 2 
N1  N 2 (2)
Where, mean speed, N = (1)
2 C.F=mr2
N1 = maximum speed corresponding to no-

10 20 40
load conditions. Radius
N2 = minimum speed corresponding to full -1000
load conditions. -2000
At radius, r1 = F1 < F2 < F3

07. Ans: (b)
 As Controlling force is less suitable 1 is
for low speed and 2 for high speed ad 3 is
08. Ans: (a)
for still high speed.
Sol: r1 = 50 cm , F1 = 600 N
(1) is active after 40 cm
F = a + rb Unstable
Isochronous (2) is active after 20 cm
600 = a + 50 b
(3) is active after 10 cm
700 = a + 60 b Stable At given radius above 20
Force
10 b = 100
F3 > F2
b = 10 N/cm
mr32 > mr22
a = 100 N
Radius 3 > 2
F = 100 + 10 r
This is unstable governor. It can be

isochronous if its initial compression is
reduced by 100 N.

12. Ans: (b) The vertical intercept gh signifies that

Sol: ar+b (unstable) between the speeds corresponding to gh, the
Controlling radius of the ball does not change while
force ar – b (stable) direction of movement of sleeve does.
Between speeds N1 and N2, the governor is
insensitive.
Radius
15. Ans: (b)
Sol: A governor is stable if radius of rotation of
To make the governor stable spring stiffness ball is increases as the speed increases.
should be decreased. Centripetal force, F = mr2
F
13. Ans: (c)   m2
r
Sol: A governor is said to be sensitive if for a Slope of the centripetal force represents
given fractional change in speed, speed. Higher the slope, higher will be the
displacement of sleeve is high. speed.
when r = 2 cm; F = 14 N
14. Ans: (c) F 14
Sol: If friction is taken into account, two or more   7
r 2
controlling force are obtained as show in when r = 6 cm; F = 38 N
figure. F 38
  6.33
N1 r 6
As the radius increases slope of the
Controlling force
g
F1
N2 centripetal force curve decreases and
F2 h therefore speed of the governor decreases.
Thus the governor is unstable.
r Radius
In all, three curves of controlling force are

38 N
obtained as follows.
(a) for steady run ( neglecting friction) 14 N
(b) while sleeve moves up ( f positive)

(c) while sleeve moves down ( f negative) 2 cm 6 cm

16. Ans:
Sol: Given, m = 8 kg
Chapter- 5
F1 = 1500 N at r1 = 0.2 m and
Balancing
F2 = 887.5 N at r2 = 0.13 m,
For spring controlled governor, controlling 01. Ans: (c)
force is given by Sol: unbalanced force (Fun)  mr2
F=ar+b Unbalance force is directly proportional to
1500 = a  0.2 + b square of speed. At high speed this force is
887.5 = a  0.13 + b very high. Hence, dynamic balancing
 a = 8750 , b = –250 becomes necessary at high speeds.
02. Ans: (a)

F = 8750 r – 250
W
At r = 0.15 m, Sol: Dynamic force = e 2
g
F = 87500.15 – 250 = 1062.5 N
W
So, controlling force, F = 1062.5 m Couple = e 2 a
g
F = mr2 W 2a
2
Reaction on each bearing =  e
1062.5 = 8  0.15  g l
  = 29.72 rad/s Total reaction on bearing
60  W a W 2 a
N  284 rpm =  e 2    e 0
2  g l   g l 
For isochronous speed

03. Ans: (b)
F = a r = 8750  0.15 = 1312.5 N
Sol: Since total dynamic reaction is zero the
F = mr2
system is in static balance.
1312.5 = 8  0.5  2
  = 33.07 rad/s 04. Ans: (a)
60
N  316 rpm 05. Ans: (b)
2 ma
The increase in tension is 250 N to make the Sol:
governor isochronous. ma = 5 kg, ra = 20 cm
225
mb = 6 kg, rb = 20 cm
mc = ? , rc = 20 cm
md = ?, c = ? , d = ? mb

Take reference plane as ‘C’ mc cosc +mdcosd – 3 2  0

For complete balancing
 mccosc + 10.91 cos 54.31 – 3 2 = 0
 mr = 0 &  mrl = 0
mccosc = –2.122
2mdcos d – 9 2 =0
mc sinc +mdsind – 3 2  5  0
 mdcosd = 9 2
mc sinc + 10.91 sin54.31 –3 2  5  0
2mdsind –5 –9 2 =0 mcsinc = – 9.618
1
mdsind =  5  9 2
2
  mc   2.122    9.618
2 2
 9.85kg
2 2 9.618
tan  c 
 9  1
md  


   2 5  9 2  = 10.91kg
 2  
 2.122
c = 257.56 or 257.56 – 90 w.r.t ‘A’
1 
 
59 2   = 167.56
 d  tan 1  2   54.31
0
 9 
 2 
= 90 – 54.31 = 35.68 w.r.t ‘A’
S.No m (r20)cm (l20)cm  mrcos mrsin mrlcos mrlsin

A 5 1 –1 90 0 5 0 –5
B 6 1 3 225 –3 2 –3 2 –9 2 –9 2
C mc 1 0 c mccosc mcsinc 0 0
D md 1 2 d mdcosd mdsind 2mdcosd 2mdsind
Common data Q. 06 & 07

m1 10 kg
06. Ans: (a) 10 cm

Sol: m1 = kg , m2 = 5kg , r1 = 10cm
r2 = 20cm, md = ?, rd = 10cm
30
m1r1 = 100 kg cm m2
20 cm
m2r2 = 100kg cm 5 kg

08. Ans: (a)

100kg-cm Sol: m2
mr = 100kg-cm 1 2
Resultant force m1

30
20cm 25cm e
30
mdrd
r1 = 10 cm, r2 = 10 cm, m1 = 52 kg
100kg-cm
m2 = 75 kg, 1 = 0 (Reference)
2 = 90, m = 2000kg , e = ?,  = ?
Keep the balancing mass md at exactly me cos = m1r1 = 520
opposite to the resultant force me sin = m2r2 = 750
mdrd = 100kg-cm
 m1r1    m 2 r2 
2 2
me   5202  7502
 md10 = 100 kg-cm
 913 kg  cm
md = 10kg cm
d = 180 + 30 = 210  913 
e   0.456cm
 2000 
07. Ans: (d) m r   75 
  tan 1  2 2   tan 1    55.260
Sol: mr2  m1r1   52 
= 180 + 55.26 = 235.26
0.2m w.r.t mass ‘1’.
2
mdrd
mr = 100kg-cm = 1kgm
2 N
N = 600 rpm   =  20 rad / s
60
Couple ‘C’ = mr2  0.2 = 1(20)20.2
= 789.56 Nm
Reaction on the bearing
couple

dis tan ce between bearing
789.56
  1973.92N
0.4

09. Ans: (a)

Sol:
Plane m r (m) L (m) (reference  Fx Fy Cx Cy
(kg) Plane A) (mrcos) (mrsin) (mrlcos) (mrlsin)
D 2 kg.m 0.3 0 2 0 0.6 0
A -ma 0.5m 0 a –0.5macosa –0.5masina 0 0
B -mb 0.5m 0.5 b –0.5mbcosb –0.5mbsinb mb mb
 cos b  sin b
4 4
m b cos  b Fy
Cx = 0   0.6  m 2 r2 sin  2 = 2520 sin135
4 2
m sin b
Cy = 0  b 0 = 353.553 gm-cm
4
2 2
 mb = 2.4kg , b = 0 m b rb  Fx  Fy
Fx = 0 Fx  Fy
2 2
 2 – 0.5 ma cosa – 0.5 mb cosb = 0  mb 

rb
ma
 cos  a  0.8  53.552  353.5532
2  = 17.88 gm
m 20
Fy = 0  a sin a  0
2 Fy  353.553 
b  tan 1  tan 1   = 98.7
 a = 0 , ma = 1.6 kg Fx   53.55 
(Note: mass is to be removed so that is taken as –ve).
11. Ans: 30 N
10. Ans: (a) Sol: r
Sol: Y Crank radius
30
= stroke/2 = 0.1 m,
r
 = 10 rad/sec
m2  mb = 6 kg
r2 X
r1 m
1
Unbalanced force along perpendicular to the
Fx line of stroke = mbr2 sin 30
 m1r1  m 2 r2 cos 
2
= 6 × (0.1) × (10)2 sin 30
= 20  15 + 25  20 cos135
= 30 N
= –53.55 gm-cm

12. Ans: (b) 16. Ans: (a)

Sol: Sol: m1
C.G
 Primary unbalanced force = mr2cos L1 m2
At  = 0 and 180, Primary force attains L2
maximum.
mL 2 100  60
mr2 m1    60kg
Secondary force = cos 2 where n is L1  L 2 100
n
obliquity ratio. As n > 1, primary force is mL1 100  40
m2    40kg
L1  L 2 100
greater than secondary force.
 Unbalanced force due to reciprocating mass I  m1L21  m 2 L22
varies in magnitude. It is always along the = 60  402 + 40 602
time of stroke. = 240000 kg cm2 = 24 kg m2
13. Ans: (b)

Sol: In balancing of single-cylinder engine, the
rotating balance is completely made zero
and the reciprocating unbalance is partially
reduced.
14. Ans: (b)

Sol: m = 10 kg, r = 0.15 m ,
c = 0.6 ,  = 60 ,  = 4 rad/sec
Residual unbalance along the line of stroke
= (1 – c) m r2 cos
= (1 – 0.6)10 0.15 42cos60
= 4.8 N
15. Ans: 2
Sol: By symmetric two system is in dynamic
balance when
mea = m1e1a1
e a 50 2
m1  m .  1  2kg
e1 a 1 20 2.5
04. Ans: (b)

Chapter- 6 Sol: L = 4 cm ,  = 90o = /2 radian ,
Cams 2
 = 2 rad/sec ,   90  60
3
01. Ans: (d)  2

Sol: Pressure angle is given by  3
dy L  
e s(t) = 1  cos 
tan   d  2  
y  rp   e 
2 2
 21  cos 120   3cm

where,  is pressure angle ,
L    
 is angle of rotation of cam V(t)      sin  
2    
e is eccentricity
4
rp is pitch circle radius   2  2 sin 120  7cm / s
2
y is follower displacement 2
L   
a t      2  cos 
2    
02. Ans: (d)
4 2 2
Sol: Cycloidal motion   2  2  cos120  16cm / sec 2
2
h  2  2  
y   sin    
2     
05. Ans: (b)
2h Sol:
y max  ------(1) normal

tangent
Radial line
Simple harmonic motion :
16.10
  h 
y max    ------(2)
2  
Uniform velocity : 43.897 60 30
150
120
h
y  ------(3)
 x = 15cos ,
From (1), (2) and (3) we observe that y = 10 + 5sin
Vcyclodial > VSHM > VUV dy dy 5 cos 
tan =  
dx d  15 sin 
03. Ans: (b)  dx 
 
 d 
at  = 30 , 06. Ans: (a)

3 Sol: tangent
5
tan   2   1   = 150
1 3 normal
 15  Radial line
2 x 26.52
6.3
y 10  5sin  10  5sin 30
tan     96.3
y
x 15cos  15cos 30 26.52 83.7 6.3
 = 43.897 x
Pressure angle is angle between normal and

Let  be the angle made by the normal to
radial line = 16.10 .
the curve
or x = 15 cos ,  dy 
  9
y = 10 + 5 sin at  = 30o  dx  4, 2 
2 2 dy
 x   y  10  tan   = 4x – 7
    1 dx
 15   5 
At x = 4 & y =2 ,
15 3
x= , y = 125  = tan-1(9) = 83.7
2
The normal makes an angle
2 x 2( y  10) dy
 . 0  1
152 52 dx  tan 1    6.3 with x axis
 9 
dy x  15 3 1
   2
dx ( y  10)9 3 3   tan 1    26.52
2 9
2 4
1 Pressure angle is angle between normal and
tan =
3 radial line = 26.52 + 6.3 = 32.82
Then normal makes with x-axis
07. Ans: (b)
tan1 ( 3 ) = 60o
Sol: For the highest position the distance
y 10  5sin  10  5sin 30
tan     between the cam center and follower
x 15cos  15cos 30
= (r + 5) mm
 = 43.897
For the lowest position it is (r – 5) mm
With follower axis angle made by normal
So the distance between the two positions
(pressure angle) = 6043.897 = 16.10o
= (r + 5) – (r – 5) = 10 mm

08. Ans: (a)

Sol: p
p
p r
Chapter - 7
p 
o Gyroscope
 e 180 – 
c
c o
r  01. Ans: (c)
c e c
Sol: Due to Gyroscopic couple effect and
When ‘c’ move about ‘o’ through ‘’, point centrifugal force effect the inner wheels
‘p’ moves to p. ‘’ is angle between normal tend to leave the ground.
drawn at point of contact which always
02. Ans: (d)
passes through centre of circle and follower
Sol: Pitching is angular motion of ship about
axis. So this is pressure angle.
transverse axis.
z
From le poc
gyroscopic
r e couple

sin (  ) sin 
e
sin   sin  y
r precession
axis spin axis
 is maximum  = 90
e x
sin  
r Due to pitching gyroscopic couple acts
Pressure angle s maximum at pitch point about vertical axis.
e
  sin 1   = 30
r 03.
Sol: m = 100 kg, rk = 200 mm
z
k̂
precession
axis
spin axis
y
ĵ
gyroscopic
x couple
î
I = 1000  (0.2)2 = 40 kg-m2 Total bearing reaction at A

N = 5000 rpm (CCW) looking from stern = RA + RA
2  5000 = 5886 – 448 = 5438 N
 = 523.33 rpm
60 Total bearing reaction at B

  523.33 ĵ = RB + RB
Precession velocity = 3924 + 448 = 4372 N
V 25  0.514 Bow falls and stern rises.
p   = 0.032125 rad/s
r 400
 04.
p  0.0312 k̂
Sol: z
Gyroscopic couple = I  p 
 
gyroscopic

G  40  523.33 ĵ  0.032125 k̂  couple

= –672 î N-m
y
Now,
p
R1 x
k = 220 mm, m = 210 kg

R2
I = 210  (0.22) = 10.164 kg-m2
2
M 1672
R 1  R 2    448 N 2  1800
L 1.5  = 1884.95 rad/s
60
R1 = 448 N (Acting downwards)
5
R2 = 448 N (Acting upwards) 1200 
p  18  0.0877 rad / s
3800
Now reaction due to weight
M = I  p
W = 9810 N
= 10.164  0.0877  1884.95
= 1681 N-m
R1 R2
600 mm 900 mm
05. Ans: 200
9810  900
R 1   5886 N (upwards) Sol: R = 100 m, v = 20 m/sec,
1500
V rad
9810  600 p   0.2 s  100rad / sec
R 2   3924 N (upwards) R sec
1500
I = 10 kg-m2
Gyroscopic moment
= Is  p = 100.2100N-m
= 200N-m Chapter - 8
Mechanical Vibrations
06. Ans:
Sol: 01. Ans: (b)
(i) L L
Sol: T  2  0 .5  2  
g 9.81
 L = 62.12 mm

The gyroscopic couple is = IΩ 02. Ans: (d)
Sol:
 
IΩ
    
T 
O 
mg
mg mg
 ∑Mo = 0
2a.T sin  + IΩ = mg × a Let the system is displaced by  from the
equilibrium position. It’s position will be as
2a.T.b mr 2
   mg  a shown in figure.
4a 2  b 2 2
By considering moment equilibrium about
4a 2  b 2  mr 2 
T  mga    the axis of rotation (Hinge)
2ab  2  
For clockwise rotation of precession I   m g  sin     m g  sin     0
(ii) ∑Mo = 0 I  m 2  m   2m 2

2a.T sin  – IΩ = mg × a After simplification
2m 2   2mg cos  sin   0
  2
 
1
1 2
 mga  mr   b  4a
2 2
2 
T For small oscillations (  is small) sin  = 
2ab
2 m  2   2 m g  cos  .  0
2 m g  cos  g cos 
n  2

2m 
03. Ans: (c) 05. Ans: (c)

Sol: Let, Vo is the initial velocity, Sol: l
K 
‘m’ is the mass 2
Equating Impulse = momentum
mVo = 5kN  10 4 sec 
..
 5  103 10 4  0.5 sec I l
K =300N/m
0.5
V0   0.5 m / sec
m
By energy method
K 10000
n    100 rad / sec 1 2 1
m 1 E= I  Kx 2 = constant
2 2
When the free vibrations are initiate with 2
1 2 1  
initial velocity, E= I  K      cons tan t
2 2 2 
The amplitude
Differentiating w.r.t ‘t’
V0
X= (Initial displacement ) dE   K  2
n = I     2  0
dt 2 4
V0 0.5  103
 X   5 mm m 2
n 100 I
12
m 2  K 2
04. Ans: (a)  0
12 4
Sol: Note:  n depends on mass of the system
3K
   0
not on gravity m
1
 n  3K
m  n   30 rad / sec
m
g mg
If  n = , 
 K 06. Ans: (a)
g K Sol:
 n = 
 mg  m
 
 K  K M
  n is constant every where.

O 
a A
L

Assume that in equilibrium position mass M 08.

is vertically above ‘A’. Consider the Sol:
displaced position of the system at any
instant as shown above figure. K K
If st is the static extension of the spring in a
equilibrium position, its total extension in
O
the displaced position is (st + a). r 
From the Newton’s second law, we have

A
I 0   Mg(L  b)  k ( st  a)a...(1)
But in the equilibrium position
MgL=kst a 1 22 1 2
KE  mr   I
Substituting the value in equation (1), we 2 2

have I 0   (Mgb  ka 2 ) 1 22 1 22
 mr   mr 

2 4
 I 0   (ka 2  Mgb)  0 3 22
 mr 
ka 2  Mgb 4
n 
I0 1 1
PE  Kx 2  Kx 2  Kx 2
2 2
I0
  2 x = (r + a)
ka  Mgb
2
The time period becomes an imaginary  PE = K{(r + a)}2

quantity if ka2 < Mgb. This makes the d d
KE  PE  0
system unstable. Thus the system to vibrate dt dt
the limitation is Substituting in the above equation
ka 2  Mgb 3
m r 2   2K r  a   = 0
2
ka 2 2
b
Mg Natural frequency
Where W = Mg 1 4K r  a 
2
fn 
2 3mr 2
07. Ans: (a)
So fn = 47.74 Hz.

OR mL2   L KL2 
I A     mg    = 0 (∵sin ≈ )
9  6 9 
K K L KL2
mg  
6 9  = 3g K
a n = 2 n 
mL 2L m
O 9
r 
10. Ans: (d)

A
Sol: X0 = 10 cm, n = 5 rad/sec
Taking the moment about the instantaneous
2
centre ‘A’. v 
X= x   0
2
0

IA  + 2K (r+a)  (r+a) = 0  n 
mr 2 3 If v0 = 0 then X = x0
IA   mr 2  mr 2
2 2  X = x0 = 10cm
3 2
mr   2k r  a    0
2
2 11. Ans: (c) & 12. Ans: (c)

k eq 2k r  a 
2
4k r  a 
2 Sol: mg sin
n   
m eq 3 2 3mr 2 I mg
mr
2

L
09. Ans: (b)
Sol: L Kt 
K 
3
L
O 6
 I = mL2
The equation of motion is
mg mL2   k  mgL  0
t
Inertia torque = mL2

By considering the equilibrium about the Restoring torque = kt – mgL sin
pivot ‘O’ = (kt – mgL)
L L L
IO  + mg sin   K   = 0
6 3 3

13. Ans: 0.0658 N.m2 By taking the moment about ‘O’, mo = 0
3EI (m 2a  2a )  (ka  a )  0
Sol: For a Cantilever beam stiffness, K 
3
 4a2 m  +ka2 = 0
K 3EI
Natural frequency,  n   Where, meq = 4a2m, keq = ka2
m m 3
k eq
Given fn = 100 Hz Natural frequency, n 
m eq
 n = 2fn= 200 
3EI ka 2 k rad
200   =
m 3 4a 2 m 4m sec
Flexural Rigidity [ n  2f ]
EI 
200. .m 3
2
= 0.0658 N.m2 f 
n

1

k
Hz
3 2 2 4m
14. Ans: (d) 16. Ans: (a)

Sol: Free body diagram Sol: Moment equilibrium above instantaneous
centre (contact point)
kr m2r 
 k (a  d).a  d   I c 


Moment equilibrium about hinge K(a+d)

m 2r.2r  k.r  0
4mr 2  kr 2   0

2
kr k 400
n  2
  C
4mr 4m 4
3
Ic  Ma 2 ,
15. Ans: (a) 2
k a  d 
2
Sol:
ka a 
3
Ma 2
2
O 
m2a  2k (a  d ) 2
n 
3Ma 2

17. Ans: 10 (range 9.9 to 10.1) Damped frequency natural frequency,

1 1 d  1   2   n
Sol: KE  mx 2  I 2
2 2
x  20  1   2  25  0.6  60%
m = 5 kg, 
r
20  r 2 20. Ans: (a)
I  10r 2
2 Sol: K1, K2 = 16 MN/m
1 2 1 x 2 1 K3, K4 = 32 MN/m
KE  5x  10r 2 . 2  15x 2
2 2 r 2 Keq = K1 + K2 + K3 + K4
 m eq  15 m = 240 kg
1 2 Ke
PE  kx n =
2 m
 k eq  k  1500 N / m Keq = 16  2  32  2  106  96  106 N/m
Natural frequency 96  10 6
n =  632.455 rad/sec
k eq 1500 240
n    10rad / sec
meq 15 n  60
N=  6040 rpm
2
18. Ans: (b)

21. Ans: (a)
Sol: In damped free vibrations the oscillatory
Sol: 
motion becomes non-oscillatory at critical C2lI 
damping.
Hence critical damping is the smallest
 O
damping at which no oscillation occurs in
Io
free vibration kl
2
19. Ans: (a)  x3 
For slender rod, I o   
5  3  
Sol:  n = 50 rad/sec =
 93
m

3

 83  3 
3
  33  m 2
If mass increases by 4 times
k 1 k 50 Where,  = m/3l
 n1      25 rad / sec
4m 2 m 2 Considering the equilibrium at hinge ‘O’.

Io  + c2l   2l + kl l = 0 24. Ans: (a)

 ml2  + 4l2c  + kl2 = 0  c 2 
 
Iequivalent = ml2, Ceq = 4l2c, keq = kl2 c eq  4 
Sol:   
2 k eq m eq 2 (k 2  mg)  5m 2
22. Ans: (b) 400  12
c c eq 4
Sol: Damping ratio,      0.316
c c 2 k eq m eq 2 (400  1  10  9.81  1)  5  10  12
2
4 2c
 25. Ans: (a)
2  k 2  m 2
Sol: KL
4 2c 2c 
  Ca 
2  mk 4
km
K 
23. Ans: (a)

Sol: I a 
 I
L

c 
 m
2
By moment equilibrium
k  m I  Ca 2  KL2  K   0 
 mg
mL2 
 

mgcos mgsin = mg   Ca 2   KL2  K    0
mg 3
I = m(2l)2 + ml2 = 5ml2 K eq KL2  K 

n  
The equation motion is m eq mL2 / 3
m  2 
2
c  1500
 m 2  
2
  k 2   mg  0 n   42.26 rad / sec
4 0.833
c 2 
= 5m 2     k 2   mg  0 26. Ans: (c)
4
Sol: Refer to the above equilibrium equation
k eq k 2  mg
n   Ceq = Ca2
m eq 5m 2
N  m  sec
= 500  0.4 2  80
400 rad
  3.162 rad / s
5  10  C = 80 Nms/rad
Note: For angular co-ordinate 29. Ans: (d)

Nm 
Unit of Equivalent inertia =  kg  m 2 Sol: x = 10 cm at  1;
rad / s 2 n
Nm   0.1
Unit of equivalent damping coefficient =
rad / s
x0
Unit of equivalent stiffness = N-m/rad At resonance x   10 cm
2
 x0 = 2  0.1  10 = 2 cm
27. Ans: (a)
x0 = static deflection
Sol: Given length of cantilever beam,

l = 1000 mm = 1m, m = 20 kg At  0.5 ,
n
m x0
25 x
l = 1m 2
25    
2
  
2
1      2 
Cross section of beam = square    n    n 
W = mg 2
x  2.64 cm
EI x
1  0.5   2  0.1 0.5
2 2 2
l

30. Ans: (a)
Moment of inertia of the shaft, Sol: m x  Kx  F cos t
1 3 25  (25) 3 m=?
I= bd  = 3.25 10–8 m4
12 12 K = 3000 N/m,
9
Esteel = 200  10 Pa X = 50 mm = 0.05 m
Mass, M = 20kg F = 100 N,
3EI  100 rad / sec
Stiffness, K
3
F
Critical damping coefficient, X
K  m2
C C  2 Km  1250 Ns / m
K F
m   0.1 kg
 2
X 2
28. Ans: (c)

31. Ans: (a) 34. Ans: (c)

x  Sol: M = 100 kg, m = 20 kg, e = 0.5 mm
Sol:   ln 1   ln 2  0.693
 x2  K = 85 kN/m, C = 0 or  = 0
  = 20 rad/sec

4 2   2 Dynamic amplitude
20  5  10 4  20 
2
0.693 me 2

4 2  0.693 2
 0.109 X=

 k  M 2
=
 
 8500  100  20 
2

c  2 k m  2  0.109  100  1 = 1.2710-4 m
= 2.19 N-sec/m
35. Ans:
Sol:
32. Ans: (b) x(t) = Xsin(t - )
m=50kg
Sol: xstatic = 3mm,  = 20 rad/sec
As  > n k
So, the phase is 180 . y(t) = 0.2sin(200t)mm
x static
x
2
   2   2
1       2    = 200 rad/sec, –X = 0.01 mm
  n    n  Y = 0.2 mm
 
X k
3 
x= Y k  m2
  20  2   2
1       2  0.109  20   0.01 k
  10    10   
  k  50  200
2
0.2
= 1 mm opposite to F.  k = 939.96 kN/m
33. Ans: (c) 36. Ans: (b)

1 Sol: m = 5 kg, c = 20 ,
Sol: At resonance, magnification factor =
2
k = 80, F= 8, =4
1 F
 20  x
2
k  m   c
2 2
1
   0.025 8
40   0 .1
80  5  4   20  4
2 2

x  = n or K  m 2n
Magnification factor =
x static
F F
X  C
F 8 C X
x static    0.1
k 80 10 N  sec
 3
 10
0.1 40  10  25 m
Magnification factor = 1
0.1
39. Ans: (b)
37. Ans: (c) Sol: Transmissibility (T) reduces with increase
Sol: Given, m = 250 kg in damping up to the frequency ratio of 2.
K = 100, 000 N/m Beyond 2 , T increases with increase in
N = 3600 rpm damping
 = 0.15
40. Ans: (c).
K
n = = 20 rad /sec Sol: Because f = 144 Hz execution frequency.
m
f Rn (Natural frequency) is 128.
2  N
 =  377 rad/sec
60  f 144
   1.125
2  R n f R n 128
  
1   2 
It is close to 1, which ever sample for which
 n 
TR= = 0.0162 
2 2
 2     close to 1 will have more response, so
1  2    2  n
 n   n 
sample R will show most perceptible to
vibration
38. Ans: 10 N.sec/m
Sol: Given systems represented by 41. Ans: (b)
mx  cx  kx  F cos t Sol: Given Problem of the type
F mx  cx  kx  F cos t
For which, X 
K  m   C2 2 2
for which, X 
F
Given, K = 6250 N/m, m = 10 kg, F = 10 N

k  m   c
2 2 2
 = 25 rad/sec, X = 40×10–3 F/ K
or X 2
   
2
  
n 
K
 25 rad / sec 1       2  
m   n    n 
 
t = 25t   = 25 rad/sec
Given F = 10, n  10 a = g tan = 9.81 tan(9.81)

 1 = 1.69 m/s2
k  150 N / m or   0.1
n 10
  0.2 44. Ans: (a)
10 / 150
X 45. Ans: (b)
1  0.1  2  0.2  0.12
2
Sol: e = 2mm = 210-3m,

 0.0669 ≃ 0.07 n = 10 rad/s,
N = 300 rpm
42. Ans: 6767.7 N/m 2N
=  10 rad / sec
Sol: Given f = 60 Hz, m = 1 kg 60
  2f  120 rad / sec me2 e2 e2
X   2
Transmissibility ratio, TR = 0.05 k  m2  k 2 n  2
   2
Damping is negligible, C = 0 , K =? m

K 2
We know TR  when C = 0    10 
2
K  m2 e  2  10 3   
  10 
As TR is less than 1   / n  2 X  n 2 =
    10  2 
1    1   
TR is negative     10  
 n  
K
  0.05  = 2.25 103 m = 2.25 mm
K  m2
Solving we get K = 6767.7 N/m
46. Ans: (a)
Sol: Number of nodes observed at a frequency of
43. Ans: (c)
1800 rpm is 2
Sol:  
ma T
mg n=1
Where, a = acceleration of train
T cos  = mg
n=3
T sin = ma
ma n-mode number
tan =
mg
The whirling frequency of shaft, 47. Ans: (b)

 gEI Sol: Critical or whirling speed
f   n2
2 WL4 K g
c = n =  rad / sec
 gEI m 
For 1st mode frequency, f 1  
2 WL4 If NC is the critical or whirling speed in rpm
fn = n2 f1 2N C g
then 
As there are two nodes present in 3 mode, rd
60 
f 3  32 f1  1800 rpm 2N C 9.81m / s 2
 
1800 60 1.8  10 3 m
f 1   200 rpm
9  NC = 705.32 rpm  705 rpm
 The first critical speed of the shaft = 200 rpm

Theory of Machines Vibrations

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Theory

of Machines & Vibrations

the shortest link. So by fixing link ‘RS’ we A D

l = length of connecting rod = 40 cm OO1 = 40 cm , OA = 20 cm

09. Ans: (c)

Stroke = S1 – S2 = 59.16 – 17.32 = 41.84 cm Q

07. Ans: (b) O2P=O2O4=a

QRR   180    1.2558 P I12 I14.I13

Alternate Method: r sin (  )

Velocity (Diagram) lr to BC

10. Ans: (b)

x r Rubbing velocity at joint 1 = Relative

+ve sign means 2 and 3 are moving in 14. Ans: (a)

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16. Ans: (d) 21. Ans: (a)

the crank AB is perpendicular to the lever R 300 VP V

19. Ans: (d)

20. Ans: (a) 3

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By considering the links 1, 2 and 4 as for 24. Ans: (a)

Note: DC is the rocker (Output link) and

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25. Ans: (c)

28. Ans: (c)

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29. Ans: (b)

As for the three centers in line theorem all A D C

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VA 33. Ans: (d)

Sol: fco = 0.4 a 

 300 with same magnitude and opposite in

To get the direction of coriolis acceleration, VA

rotate the velocity vector by 900 in the

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Velocity Diagram Acceleration Diagram = 100  (2)2 = 400 mm/sec2

From velocity Diagram, VC = VB

From Acceleration Diagram,  =  0.732 rad/s2  

37. Ans: (d) O =30

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Radial relative acceleration, flinear = 0 FP = 2 kN

Coriolis acceleration, fcor = 2V 2  2  r 2

42. Ans: (b)

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43. Ans: (b) 45. Ans: (d)

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47. Ans: (a)

A 01. Ans (a)

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03. Ans: (a) mP = mQ = 2mm

08. Ans: (c)

09. Ans: (a)

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10. Ans: (b) 13. Ans: (d)

11. Ans: 5 rpm (CCW) 60  5

14. Ans: (c)

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17. Ans: (a) 20. Ans: (d)

For the complete profile to be invoulte, N P  NS T

rd = r – 1 module From (2) and (3)

18. Ans: – 3.33 N-m 80 + 2 TP = 120

19. Ans: (a)

Area of the triangle (expansion) Given:

I = 2405.6 kg-m2 Energy to be supplied by the flywheel