UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

ASSIGNMENT 2

COURSE : NUMERICAL METHODS WITH APPLICATIONS

COURSE CODE : MEC500
DEADLINE : WEEK 14
MODE : GROUP ASSIGNMENT

GROUP NO DUE DATE SUBMISSION DATE REMARKS

EMD6M12
17 JUNE 2019 17 JUNE 2019

LECTURER NAME DR. SITI RABIZAH BINTI MAKHSIN

No Name Student ID
1.
2.
3.
4.

Level Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor Very Poor

Guidelines
Scale
Scale 5 4 3 2 1

Weight Scale Total

CO / PO Assessment Criteria (Report)
(w) (y) (w * y)

CO3/PO3/C6 Solve the task and show justification 2.0

CO4/PO5/P4 Display computer computational approach 2.0

TOTAL 20%

REMARKS:
 MARKING RUBRIC CO3
Scale 5 4 3 2 1
Marks
Criteria Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor Very Poor
Defining the Student states the Student states the Student adequately Student fails to Student does
Problem problem clearly and problem and defines the define the not identify __
identifies underlying identifies problem. problem the problem. 1
issues. underlying issues. adequately.
Developing a Student develops a Student develops a Student develops Student develops Student does
Plan to Solve clear and concise plan single plan and an adequate plan a marginal plan, not develop a
the Problem to solve the problem, follows it to and follows it to and does not coherent plan __ __
offering alternative conclusion. conclusion. follow it to to solve the 0.5 0.5
strategies, and follows conclusion. problem.
the plan to conclusion.
Collecting Student collects Student collects Student collects Student collects Student
and information from and analyzes adequate inadequate collects no
Analyzing multiple sources and information. information and information to viable __ __
Information analyzes the performs basic perform information. 0.5 0.5
information in-depth. analyses. meaningful
analyses.
Interpreting Student provides a Student provides a Student provides Student provides Student does
Findings and logical interpretation logical an adequate an inadequate not interpret
Solving the of the findings and interpretation of interpretation of interpretation of the
__
Problem clearly solves the the findings and the findings and the findings and findings/reach
1
problem, offering solves the problem, solves the problem, does not derive a a conclusion
alternative solutions. but fails to provide but fails to provide logical solution
alternatives. alternatives. to the problem.

Total /4

MARKING RUBRIC CO4

Scale 5 4 3 2 1 Marks
Criteria Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor Very Poor Solution 1 Solution 2
Completed Completed at Does not
Completed less
Completed 100% between 75-99% least 50% of comply with
than 50% of the
of requirements. of the the requirements.
requirements.
Delivery Delivered on requirements. requirements. Not delivered __ __
Not delivered on
time, and in the Delivered on Delivered on on time or in 0.5 0.5
time or in the
correct format. time, and in the time, and in the correct
correct format.
correct format. correct format. format.
Excellent use of No details on
White space
white space. Good use of program Poor use of
makes program
Creatively white space. included. white space,
fairly easy to
organized work. Organized work. Disorganized making code __ __
Coding read.
Excellent use of Good use of and messy use of hard to read. 0.5 0.5
Standards Organized
variables and variables and white space, Disorganized
work.
constants. constants making code a and messy
Good use of
No magic little hard to work.
variables.
numbers. read.
Executes without Does not
Executes without
errors, excellent execute due to
errors. Executes Executes without
user prompts, syntax errors /
User prompts are without errors. minimal errors.
good use of runtime errors
understandable, User prompts User prompts
symbols, and (endless loop,
minimum use of contain little contain little
spacing in output. crashes etc.) __ __
Runtime symbols or information, information,
Thorough and User prompts 0.5 0.5
spacing in poor design. poor design.
organized testing are misleading
output. Some testing Some testing has
has been or non-existent.
Thorough testing has been been completed.
completed and No testing has
has been completed.
output from test been
completed
cases is included. completed.
Total /3
 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
ASSIGNMENT 2

COURSE : NUMERICAL METHODS WITH APPLICATIONS

COURSE CODE : MEC500
DEADLINE : WEEK 14
MODE : GROUP ASSIGNMENT

GROUP ASSIGNMENT GUIDELINES

1. Answer ALL questions in ENGLISH.

2. Use the provided format for the cover page of the assignment.

Students (in a group of max 4) are required to perform a case study on ODE related problems to be
3. solved using Numerical Method (two approaches from ODE). The contents must be from cases
that you have learned /experienced/experimented throughout the study period.

Report criteria:
4. Introduction, Problem Statements & Objectives, Solution Method A, Physical Calculation A
(Numerical), Coding A (Matlab), Solution Method B, Physical Calculation B (Numerical), Coding
B (Matlab), Discussions & Overall Conclusions, Reference, Appendix

Use computer computational tools (MATLAB/Excel/.etc.) to verify your result and it is

5.
COMPULSORY

6. Answers without computational approach or simulation tool will result in losing marks.

The group leader needs to send in softcopy of assignment through email at ct_rabizah@yahoo.com
with the file name:
7. a) GroupNumber_Nameleader.pdf (Report) e.g. EMD6M7A_Ali.pdf
b) .m (mfile)
Please also listed the full members name & ID in the email.

Print out the whole report including this cover page and submit it to my room (T14-1A) not later
8.
than 14 June 2019 (5:00 PM)

This assignment is designed for Course Outcome 3 (CO3) and 4 (CO4) of the course:
CO3: Evaluate the numerical techniques in solving engineering problems [PO3] {C6}.
PO3: Able to Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design systems, components
or processes that meet specified needs with appropriate consideration for public health and safety,
9. cultural, societal, environmental considerations (WK5).
CO4: Construct computational approach to solve mathematical problems [PO5] {P4}.
PO5: Able to Create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering
and IT tools, including prediction and modelling, to complex engineering problems, with an
understanding of the limitations (WK6)
 QUESTION
BACKGROUND

A bungee jumper having a mass of 68.1 kg is free falling with velocity, v. Given that the drag coefficient
is 0.25 kg/m and gravitational acceleration is 9.81 m/s2. Assuming that at t = 0, x = υ = 0, and integrate to
t = 10 s with a step size, h= 2 s. For the free fall portion of the jump, this problem amounts to solving the
following system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs):

𝑑𝑥 (1)
=𝑣
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑣 𝑐𝑑 (2)
= 𝑔 − 𝑣2
𝑑𝑡 𝑚

THE TASK

Determine the velocity and position of the bungee jumper. Given the equation:

(3)

(4)

ITEM
INTRODUCTION:

PROBLEM:

OBJECTIVE:
 SOLUTION 1

ITEM
Possible Solution:
 Using Euler’s method

Step by step calculation:

𝑑𝑥
=0
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑣 0.25
= 9.81 − (0)2 = 9.81
𝑑𝑡 68.1

 Euler’s method is then used to compute the values at t = 2 s,

𝑥 = 0 + 0(2) = 0
𝜐 = 0 + 9.81(2) = 19.62

68.1 9.81(0.25)
True value; 𝑥 = ln [cosh (√ (2))] = 19.1663
0.25 68.1

9.81(68.1) 9.81(0.25)
𝑣=√ tanh (√ (2)) = 18.7292
0.25 68.1

𝑥𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 − 𝑥𝐸𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟 19.1663 − 0

𝜀𝑡 (𝑥) = | | × 100% = | | × 100% = 100%
𝑥𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 19.1663

𝑣𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 − 𝑣𝐸𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟 18.7292 − 19.62

𝜀𝑡 (𝑣) = | | × 100% = | | × 100% = 100%
𝑣𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 18.7292

 For t = 4,
𝑥 = 0 + 19.62(2) = 39.24
0.25
𝜐 = 19.62 + ( 9.81 − (19.62)2 ) 2 = 36.4137
68.1
68.1 9.81(0.25)
True value; 𝑥 = ln [cosh (√ (4))] = 71.9304
0.25 68.1

9.81(68.1) 9.81(0.25)
𝑣=√ tanh (√ (4)) = 33.1118
0.25 68.1
71.9304 − 39.24
𝜀𝑡 (𝑥) = | | × 100% = 45.45%
71.9304
33.1118 − 36.4137
𝜀𝑡 (𝑣) = | | × 100% = 9.97%
33.1118
 For t = 6,
𝑥 = 39.24 + 36.4137(2) = 112.0674
0.25
𝜐 = 36.4137 + ( 9.81 − (36.4137)2 ) 2 = 46.2983
68.1
68.1 9.81(0.25)
True value; 𝑥 = 0.25 ln [cosh (√ 68.1
(6))] = 147.9462

9.81(68.1) 9.81(0.25)
𝑣=√ tanh (√ (6)) = 42.0762
0.25 68.1

147.9462 − 112.0674
𝜀𝑡 (𝑥) = | | × 100% = 24.25%
147.9462
42.0762 − 46.2983
𝜀𝑡 (𝑣) = | | × 100% = 10.03%
42.0762

 For t = 8,
𝑥 = 112.0674 + 46.2983(2) = 204.664
0.25
𝜐 = 46.2983 + ( 9.81 − (46.2983)2 ) 2 = 50.1802
68.1
68.1 9.81(0.25)
True value; 𝑥 = 0.25 ln [cosh (√ 68.1
(8))] = 237.5104

9.81(68.1) 9.81(0.25)
𝑣=√ tanh (√ (8)) = 46.9575
0.25 68.1

237.5104 − 204.664
𝜀𝑡 (𝑥) = | | × 100% = 13.83%
237.5107

46.9575 − 50.1802
𝜀𝑡 (𝑣) = | | × 100% = 6.86%
46.9575

 For t = 10,
𝑥 = 204.664 + 50.1802(2) = 305.0244
0.25
𝜐 = 50.1802 + ( 9.81 − (50.1802)2 ) 2 = 51.3123
68.1

68.1 9.81(0.25)
True value; 𝑥 = 0.25 ln [cosh (√ 68.1
(10))] = 334.1782

9.81(68.1) 9.81(0.25)
𝑣=√ tanh (√ (10)) = 49.4214
0.25 68.1
334.1782 − 305.0244
𝜀𝑡 (𝑥) = | | × 100% = 8.72%
334.1782

49.4214 − 51.3123
𝜀𝑡 (𝑣) = | | × 100% = 3.83%
49.4214
 t xTrue vTrue xEuler vEuler 𝜺𝒕 (𝒙) 𝜺𝒕 (𝒗)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 19.1663 18.7292 0 19.6200 100.00% 4.76%
4 71.9304 33.1118 39.2400 36.4137 45.45% 9.97%
6 147.9462 42.0762 112.0674 46.2983 24.45% 10.03%
8 237.5104 46.9575 204.6640 50.1802 13.83% 6.86%
10 334.1782 49.4214 305.0244 51.3123 8.72& 3.83%
Table 1: Tabulated data for Euler’s method

Matlab / Excel Application:

 SOLUTION 2

ITEM
Possible Solution:
 Fourth-order Range-Kutta method

Step by step:

 First, it is convenient to express the ODEs in the functional format

𝑑𝑥
= 𝑓1 (𝑡, 𝑥, 𝑣) = 𝑣
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑣 𝑐𝑑
= 𝑓2 (𝑡, 𝑥, 𝑣) = 𝑔 − 𝑣 2
𝑑𝑡 𝑚

 The first step in obtaining the solution is to solve for all the slopes at the beginning of the interval:
𝑘1,1 = 𝑓1 (0, 0, 0) = 0
0.25
𝑘1,2 = 𝑓2 (0, 0, 0) = 9.81 − (0)2 = 9.81
68.1

where ki, j is the ith value of k for the jth dependent variable. Next, we must calculate the
first values of x and υ at the midpoint of the first step:
ℎ 2
𝑥 (1) = 𝑥 (0) + 𝑘1,1 2 = 0 + (0) (2) = 0
ℎ 2
υ (1) = υ (0) +𝑘1,2 2 = 0 + (9.81) (2) = 9.81

which can be used to compute the first set of midpoint slopes:

𝑘2,1 = 𝑓1 (1, 0, 9.81) = 9.8100

𝑘 2,2 = 𝑓2 (1, 0, 9.81) = 9.4567

 These are used to determine the second set of midpoint predictions:

ℎ 2
𝑥 (1) = 𝑥 (0) + 𝑘2,1 = 0 + 9.8100 = 9.8100
2 2
ℎ 2
𝜐 (1) = 𝜐 (0) + 𝑘2,2 = 0 + 9.4567 = 9.4567
2 2

which can be used to compute the second set of midpoint slopes:

𝑘3,1 = 𝑓1 (1, 9.8100, 9.4567) = 9.4567

𝑘3,2 = 𝑓2 (1, 9.8100, 9.4567) = 9.4817
  These are used to determine the predictions at the end of the interval:

𝑥 (2) = 𝑥 (0) + 𝑘3,1 ℎ = 0 + 9.4567(2) = 18.9134

𝜐 (2) = 𝜐 (0) + 𝑘3,2 ℎ = 0 + 9.4817(2) = 18.9634

which can be used to compute the endpoint slopes:

𝑘4,1 = 𝑓1 (2, 18.9134, 18.9634) = 18.9634

𝑘4,2 = 𝑓2 (2, 18.9134, 18.9634) = 8.4898

 The values of k can then be used to compute the equation;

1
𝑦𝑖+1 = 𝑦𝑖 + (𝑘1 + 2𝑘2 + 2𝑘3 + 𝑘4 )ℎ
6

1
𝑥 (2) = 0 + [0 + 2(9.8100 + 9.4567) + 18.9634] 2 = 19.1656
6
1
𝜐 (2) = 0 + [9.8100 + 2(9.4567 + 9.4817) + 8.4898] 2 = 18.7256
6

Matlab / Excel Application:

DISCUSSION:

CONCLUSION: