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Applications
Picture 1: Picture 2 :
Typical polychloroprene “chips” Rubber applications
(belts, hoses)
Application areas in the elastomer field are widely spread, such as moulded goods,
cables, transmission belts, conveyor belts, profiles etc. (See picture 2) .
Rubber Properties
From the beginning until the 1960s, chloroprene was produced by the older
“acetylene process”. This process has the disadvantages of being very energy-
intensive and having high investment costs. The modern chloroprene process, which
is now used by nearly all producers, is based on butadiene, which is readily available.
Butadiene is converted into the monomer 2-chlorobutadiene-1,3 (chloroprene) via
3,4-dichlorobutene-1.
Sulfur
Acid
Emulsifier
C F
Modifier
unreacted D
monomer G M
Chloroprene
Water
B
M M
L
A E I
K
H
J
A) Polymerization reactor; B) Stripper; C) Purification; D) Neutralization; E) Peptization; F) Rotating cooling drum; G) Coagulation by freezing
H) Latex concentration; I) Chopping machine; J) Dusting machine; K) Roping machine; L) Dryer; M) Washing
Picture 3 :
Production scheme
With the aid of radical initiators, chloroprene in the form of an aqueous emulsion is
converted into homopolymers or, in the presence of comonomers into copolymers.
The polymerization is stopped at the desired conversion by the addition of a short
stopping agent. The latex is freeze-coagulated on large, refrigerated revolving drums,
from which it is drawn as a thin sheet. After washing and drying, the sheet is formed
into a rope and then chopped to form the familiar chips (Picture 1) or granules.
Cl
R . Cl H2
C CH 2 C C
n H 2C C C C
H H2 H n
H2 H2 H2
C 2 3 H C 2 3 C
1 1 4
C C C C
4
Cl C Cl H
H2
1,4 -trans 1,4 -cis
H H H 2 Cl
2
C C2
3C C 4 1
C Cl 3CH
2
CH 2
1CH 2 4
3,4 1,2
Picture 4 :
Basic polymerization scheme and structural units
General-purpose grades are mostly produced with n-dodecyl mercaptan as the chain
transfer agent and occasionally with xanthogen disulfides. If xanthogen disulfides are
used, the elastomers are more readily processible and give vulcanizates with
improved mechanical properties.
Precrosslinked grades:
Sulfur-modified grades:
According to the IISRP in 2000 the following production facilities and producers are
shipping polychloroprene into the market place:
Conclusion: