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Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

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Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Formation 1917; 102 years ago


Founders Lulu G. Graves, Lenna F. Cooper, and others[1]
Founded at Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
Tax ID no. 36-0724760[2]
Legal status 501(c)(6) trade association
To accelerate improvements in global health and well-being through food
Purpose
and nutrition.
Headquarters Chicago, Illinois, U.S.

Coordinates 41.879751°N 87.638713°WCoordinates: 41.879751°N


87.638713°W
President Terri J. Raymond[3]
Chief Executive
Patricia M. Babjak[3]
Officer
Revenue (2017) $39,010,379[4]
Expenses (2017) $39,193,606[4]
Employees (2017) 195[4]
Volunteers (2017) 540[4]
Website www.eatright.org
Formerly called American Dietetic Association[5]
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is the United States' largest organization of food and
nutrition professionals, and represents over 100,000 credentialed practitioners — registered dietitian
nutritionists, dietetic technicians, registered, and other dietetics professionals holding undergraduate
and advanced degrees in nutrition and dietetics. After nearly 100 years as the American Dietetic
Association, the organization officially changed its name to the Academy of Nutrition and
Dietetics in 2012.[5] The organization's members are primarily registered dietitian nutritionists
(RDNs)[6] and nutrition and dietetic technicians, registered (NDTR)[7] as well as many
researchers, educators, students, nurses, physicians, pharmacists, clinical and community dietetics
professionals, consultants and food service managers.[8]
The Academy has faced controversy regarding corporate influence related to its relationship with
the food industry and funding from corporate groups such as McDonald's, Coca-Cola,[9] Mars, and
others.[10][11]

Contents
• 1 Origins
• 1.1 National Nutrition Month
• 2 Finances and Organization
• 2.1 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation
• 3 Influence and positions
• 3.1 Research and Publications
• 4 Certification
• 4.1 Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN)
• 4.2 Nutrition Dietetic Technician, Registered (NDTR)
• 5 Awards
• 6 Lobbying efforts and competitive protections
• 7 Kids Eat Right
• 8 Controversy
• 8.1 Criticism of partnerships with food companies
• 9 Additional publications
• 10 References
• 11 External links

Origins
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics was founded in 1917 in Cleveland, Ohio, by a group of
women led by Lenna F. Cooper and the Academy's first president, Lulu G. Graves, who were
dedicated to helping the government conserve food and improve public health during World War I.
[1] It is now headquartered in Chicago, Illinois.[12]
The original mission of the Academy was in part to help make maximal use of America's food
resources during wartime.[13] In its first year, the Academy attracted 58 members.[14] It remained
a small organization, remaining under the 1,000 member mark until the 1930s.[14] As the group's
scope expanded, so did its membership numbers. Between the 1930s and 1960s, membership
skyrocketed to more than 60,000.[14] Growth trajectory has since stabilized, and the Academy
marked its 70,000th member when a female dietitian in Texas rejoined the Academy in May 2009.
[14] Since its founding in 1917, the Academy has gained members in every decade.[14]
Current Seal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
An authorized seal for the organization was adopted by the Executive Board and presented to
members on October 24, 1940.[15] At its center are symbols of the three main characteristics of the
profession: a balance scale, representing science as the foundation and symbolizing equality; a
caduceus, representing the close relationship between dietetics and medicine; and a cooking vessel,
representing cookery and food preparation. Around the main design is a shaft of wheat, representing
bread, the staff of life, and stylized acanthus leaves, representing growth and life. Over the design is
a cornucopia, representing an abundant food supply. Beneath the design is the motto, Quam
Plurimis Prodesse ("To benefit as many as possible"). Around the edge is the name of the
organization and the date of its founding written in Roman numerals.
The seal is still in use on Registration Status Certificates for both registered dietitians and dietetic
technicians, registered, as well as on the gold Member Pin.
According to current Academy president Sylvia Escott Stump, the group changed their name to the
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics in 2012 to reflect the scientific and academic expertise of its
members.[16]

National Nutrition Month


In 1973, the Academy created “National Nutrition Week.” The theme the first year was "Invest in
Yourself...Buy Nutrition.”[17] On May 9, 2010, the Academy proclaimed “Registered Dietitian's
Day” to honor the “indispensable providers of food and nutrition services and to recognize RDs for
their commitment to helping people enjoy healthy lives.”[18] The association also sponsors
“National Nutrition Month” in March in the U.S.[19]

Finances and Organization


For fiscal year 2018, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics reported net assets of $20.8 million.[4]
It recognized $11.1 million of revenue from membership dues, $8.6 million from registration and
examination fees, $6.0 million of revenue from programs and meetings, $5.4 million from
publications and subscriptions, $2.2 million from education programs, $2.4 million of contributions,
$0.6 million of investment income, $1.1 million net from sale of inventory, and $1.5 million from
other program services.[4] The organization incurred $39.1 million of expenses during the same
period.[4]
During fiscal year 2015, the organization received $1.1 million in corporate sponsorships from
companies like General Mills, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo via donations, joint initiatives, and
programs.[20]
The Academy has offices both in Chicago and Washington, D.C. In addition to the Academy, the
organization maintains several other organizations and entities, including the Commission on
Dietetic Registration, Commission on Accreditation for Dietetics Education, Dietetic Practice
Groups, Academy Political Action Committee, and Academy Foundation. There are also several
"member interest groups" that include more than 4,800 members with common interests or
specialties including Fifty Plus in Nutrition and Dietetics; Filipino Americans in Dietetics and
Nutrition; Muslims in Dietetics and Nutrition; and National Organization of Blacks in Dietetics and
Nutrition.[18]

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation


In 1966, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics established its Foundation as a 501(c)(3) public
charity devoted exclusively to nutrition and dietetics. The Foundation is the world's largest provider
of dietetic scholarships at all levels of study with other programs including awards, research grants,
fellowships, public education programs and disaster relief efforts.
The Foundation shares a vision with the Academy: A world where all people thrive through the
transformative power of food and nutrition. The Foundation's mission is: "Through philanthropy,
empower current and future food and nutrition practitioners to optimize global health".[21]
Funding for various programs, funds, scholarships, initiatives and grants of the Foundation are
raised by Academy members; giving societies; legacy, matching and tribute donations; program fees
and offerings; and gifts, sponsorships and grants from for-profit and nonprofit organizations. The
Foundation was given a four-star overall rating by CharityNavigator.org in 2018 based on data from
fiscal year 2017.[22]
The Foundation's official website is www.eatrightfoundation.org.

Influence and positions


Through its research journal, the Academy shapes and influences the public and legislative
discussion about health, food safety and nutrition. Academy RD's are regularly quoted in world
publications such as The New York Times, Wall Street Journal, USA Today, Los Angeles Times,
Men's Fitness, O Magazine, Consumer Reports, Forbes and Huffington Post. In 2010, the
organization stated it received approximately 30 billion media impressions annually.[23]
As an organization and research institute, the Academy holds a variety of influential health
positions, including:
• The Academy "maintains that the only way to lose weight is through a healthy, well-
balanced diet and exercise."[24]
• The Academy's stated position is that “there are no good or bad foods, only good and bad
diets.” According to the Academy such labeling or “bumpers” confuse the public.[25]
• The Academy states that "exclusive breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition and health
protection for the first 6 months of life and breastfeeding with complementary foods from 6
months until at least 12 months of age is the ideal feeding pattern for infants."[26]
• The Academy "believes that up to two servings of soy per day for adults could be part of a
healthy diet."[27]
• The Academy has stated that a "well-planned vegan diet" (no meat, dairy or animal
products) is appropriate and healthy for babies.[28]
• The Academy states that to combat the obesity epidemic, adults and children need access to
healthy foods, education on eating well, and preventative health services, including
counseling by registered dietitian nutritionists.[29][30] They support the White House and
Michelle Obama's efforts to end the childhood obesity epidemic within a generation.[31]
• The Academy opposed mandated labeling of "trans fats" on food packaging.[32]
• The Academy has given low ratings to the high-protein, low-carb diet known as the Atkins
Diet, insisting that the diet is "unhealthy and the weight loss is temporary."[33] The
Academy maintains that carbohydrates are not responsible for weight gain any more than
other forms of calories.[34]
• The Academy states that children who eat breakfast have better concentration, problem-
solving skills, and eye–hand coordination. Children who do not eat breakfast are tired at
school and eat more junk food.[35][36]

Research and Publications


The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics publishes position papers on public health regarding
pediatric (children's) health, food technology, food safety, geriatrics (elderly) health, health-care
reform, obesity and food and nutrition topics through the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and
Dietetics (ANDJ).[37]
The Academy has also published 3 editions of the American Dietetic Association Complete Food
and Nutrition Guide.[38] Through its publishing arm, the Academy has published such books and
guides as Easy Gluten-Free, ADA Pocket Guide to Eating Disorders, ADA Pocket Guide to Lipid
Disorders, Hypertension, Diabetes and Weight Management, ADA Quick Guide to Drug-
Supplement Interactions and Making Nutrition Your Business.[18] It also maintains the site
eatright.org.
In the 1980s, the Academy published the magazine Food/2 which had originally been created by the
U.S. Department of Agriculture. In response pressure from meat, egg, and dairy industries, the
Department of Agriculture decided not publish it, after which the Academy negotiated with the
government to publish it itself, omitting the controversial chapters on fat and cholesterol.[39] The
decision was widely criticized, with participating dietitians stating "it is just incredible that they
would publish it without the most important part."[39]

Certification
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics certification process offers two career options: Registered
Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) and Nutrition and Dietetics Technician, Registered (NDTR). Both are
educated nutrition professionals qualified to work in hospitals, academia and private practice, and
differ mostly in the hours of training and level of college degree required. A Registered Dietitian
Nutritionist must complete a bachelor's degree or higher and more than 900 hours of training, while
a Dietetic Technician is required to complete and associate level degree and 450 hours of training.
[40] About 72% of the Academy's members are Registered Dietitian Nutritionists, and 2% are
Nutrition Dietetic Technicians, Registered.[8] Members are granted these accredited titles by
fulfilling the Academy's strenuous certification requirements in addition to any state or local
regulations. Through its ADAF foundation, the Academy issued nearly $500,000 in certification
scholarships in 2011, $100,000 of which went to doctoral students.[18]
The terms “Registered Dietitian Nutritionist” and “Nutrition Dietetic Technician, Registered” are
“legally protected titles” and can be used only by someone who has completed coursework
approved by the Academy.[41] In recent years, the AND has lobbied for stricter regulation over the
professional licensing of dietitian and nutrition professionals and supported state regulations that
would include heavy fines for the dispensing of nutritional advice without the proper license.[42]
[43]
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics's Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and
Dietetics (ACEND) is the organization's accrediting agency for education programs that prepare
individuals for careers as dietetics professionals. Prior to 2011,[disputed (for: happening in 2013?) 
– discuss] ACEND was known as the Commission on Accreditation for Dietetics Education
(CADE).[44] The Accreditation Council is recognized by the Department of Education and is a
member of the Association of Specialized and Professional Accreditors. The council's fees earn the
Academy over $1 million per year.[45]

Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN)


According to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist is a “food
and nutrition expert” who has fulfilled the minimum requirements for the titled RD.[40]
Requirements include the following items:
• Earning a bachelor's degree with course work approved by the Academys's Accreditation
Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics (ACEND). Coursework typically includes
food and nutrition sciences, foodservice systems management, business, economics,
computer science, sociology, biochemistry, physiology, microbiology and chemistry.
• Completing an accredited, supervised practice program at a health-care facility, community
agency or foodservice corporation.
• Passing a national examination administered by the Commission on Dietetic Registration.
• Completing continuing professional educational requirements to maintain registration.
• In addition to the costs of the college coursework, the Academy charges a $200 application
fee for registered dietitians.[46]
• Students must complete a 1,200 hour internship to sit for the Registered Dietitian exam.[47]
Approximately 50% of RDs hold advanced degrees. Some RDNs also hold additional certifications
in specialized areas of practice, such as pediatric or renal nutrition, nutrition support and diabetes
education.[8] In addition to any Academy requirements (and often with some overlap), many states
have laws for dietitians and nutrition practitioners.[48]

Nutrition Dietetic Technician, Registered (NDTR)


According to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, NDTRs are “a food and nutrition
practitioner” who has fulfilled the minimum requirements for the title NDTR.[40]
These requirements, while similar to an RD, differ in that they require:
• A minimum of an Associate's degree.
• At least 450 hours of supervised practice accredited by ACEND.
• Successful pass a national DTR examination administered by CDR.
• Complete continuing professional educational requirements to maintain registration.
NDTR's typically work closely with RD in numerous employment settings such as hospitals, health
care facilities, private practice, day care centers, correctional facilities and weight loss centers.[40]
The Academy application fee to become an NDTR is $120.[49]

Awards
The Academy gives several awards, of which the highest is the Marjorie Hulsizer Copher Award,
named for American dietitian Marjorie Hulsizer Copher (1892-1935) and given annually since 1945
to a member who "has contributed to the profession through extensive, active participation and
service to the profession of nutrition and dietetics, both within and outside of the Academy".[50]
Other awards include the Lenna Frances Cooper Memorial Lecture Award, named for American
dietitian Lenna Frances Cooper and given to " a notable and inspiring speaker" who presents the
memorial lecture.[51]

Lobbying efforts and competitive protections


To help better communications with the US government, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
has offices in Washington, DC. They also operate their own political action committee, the
Academy's Political Action Committee.[18] The Academy spent $5.8 million lobbying at the state
and national level from 2000–2010.[52]
A 1985 report noted the Academy has supported licensing for dispensing nutritional advice.[53] In
addition to supporting legislation regulating the professional nutrition field in states like Colorado,
Wyoming, Hawaii, New Jersey and New York, the Academy has also applied for patents for its
certification titles such as: "Certified Nutrition Coach," "Certified Nutrition Professional,"
"Registered Nutrition Professional," and "Certified Nutrition Educator."[42][54] The Academy
states that by regulating who can provide nutritional counseling, they can protect their registered
members and the public from unregulated advice or possibly inaccurate advice from less qualified
dietary practitioners such as chiropractors, yoga instructors, homeopaths, and personal trainers.[42]
The Academy's support of this legislation has generated strong opposition from alternative health
practitioners and libertarian groups, who state that "highly restrictive bills could create a monopoly
for one school of traditional nutrition thought" and that the primary intent of the bill is "not to
protect the public, but to give clout and recognition to a single segment of dietitians, increasing their
chances of obtaining reimbursement from insurance companies."[42][53]

Kids Eat Right


The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and the ADA Foundation launched their first joint
initiative, Kids Eat Right, in November 2010. This member-driven campaign is dedicated to
supporting the efforts of the White House to end the childhood obesity epidemic within a
generation.[31] Kids Eat Right is a two-tiered campaign aimed to mobilize Academy members to
participate in community and school childhood obesity prevention efforts, and also to educate
families, communities, and policy makers about the importance of quality nutrition.
Kids Eat Right has a website that gives families healthy eating tips, articles, videos, and recipes
from registered dietitians.[55] Kids Eat Right also has scientifically-based health information
centered around the theme "Shop-Cook-Eat" which has information about how to shop for healthy
foods, how to cook foods with the most nutrient value, and gives the benefits of eating together at
home and away from home.[56]

Controversy
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics has been criticized for its connections to the
pharmaceutical industry, including an inquiry from Senator Chuck Grassley.[57][58]
In 1982, the organization faced mass resignations from members over a decision to support
President Ronald Reagan's cuts in food stamps and school lunch programs.[39] The decision was
largely a political trade-off; the Reagan administration agreed to drop its proposal to deregulate
nursing homes in exchange for the Academy's support of the school lunch and food stamp cuts.[39]

Criticism of partnerships with food companies


A 1995 report, noted the Academy received funding from companies like McDonald's, PepsiCo,
The Coca-Cola Company, Sara Lee, Abbott Nutrition, General Mills, Kellogg's, Mars, McNeil
Nutritionals, SOYJOY, Truvia, Unilever, and The Sugar Association as corporate sponsorship.[25]
[59] The Academy also partners with ConAgra Foods, which produces Orville Redenbacker, Slim
Jims, Hunt's Ketchup, SnackPacks, and Hebrew National hot dogs, to maintain the American
Dietetic Association/ConAgra Foods Home Food Safety...It's in Your Hands program.[60]
Additionally, the Academy earns revenue from corporations by selling space at its booth during
conventions, doing this for soft drinks and candy makers.[25][61]
In April 2013, a dietitian working on a panel charged with setting policy on genetically modified
foods for the academy contended she was removed for pointing out that two of its members had ties
to Monsanto, one of the biggest makers of genetically modified seeds.[62] The resulting
controversy highlighted the fact that Ms. Smith Edge, chairwoman of the committee charged with
developing the GMO policy, is a senior vice president at the International Food Information
Council, which is largely financed by food, beverage and agriculture businesses, including
companies like DuPont, Bayer CropScience and Cargill, companies that were among the biggest
financial opponents of a State of California GMO labeling initiative.[63]
The Academy maintains that being at the "same table" with food companies is important in order to
exert a positive influence over their products and message, although critics describe this as an
“unhealthy alliance” between the Academy and junk food companies.[61][64] The accusation is that
despite what good may come of such programs, it ultimately whitewashes (similar to the
greenwashing efforts of environmentally irresponsible companies) the brand's role in the country's
food ecosystem. Watchdogs note that the Academy rarely criticizes food companies, believing it to
be out of fear of "biting the hand that feeds them."[65][66] Nutrition expert Marion Nestle opined
that she believed that as long as the AND partners with the makers of food and beverage products,
"its opinions about diet and health will never be believed [to be] independent."[61] Public health
lawyer Michele Simon, who researches and writes about the food industry and food politics, has
voiced similar concerns stating, "AND [is] deeply embedded with the food industry, and often
communicate[s] messaging that is industry friendly."[67] A 2011 survey, found that 80% of
Academy members are critical of the Academy's position. They believe that the Academy is
endorsing corporate sponsors and their products when it allows their sponsorship.[68]
In March 2015, Academy had endorsed Kraft Singles cheese product with the 'Kids Eat Right' label.
Due to negative publicity,[69] they entered into negotiations with Kraft to cancel this endorsement.
[70]
The organization also publishes nutrition facts sheets for the general public, which food companies
pay $20,000 to take part in writing the documents.[71] A list of these publications for the general
public include:
• What's a Mom to Do: Healthy Eating Tips for Families sponsored by Wendy's.[72]
• Lamb: The Essence of Nutrient Rich Flavor sponsored by the Tri-Lamb Group.[73]
• Cocoa and Chocolate: Sweet News! sponsored by the Hershey Center for Health and
Nutrition.[74]
• Eggs: A Good Choice for Moms-to-Be sponsored by the American Egg Board.[75]
• Adult Beverage Consumption: Making Responsible Drinking Choices sponsored by the
Distilled Spirits Council.[76]
This industry funding also gives food companies the ability to offer official educational seminars to
teach dietitians how to advise their clients in a way that advances the interests of the food company.
For instance, in a Coca-Cola sponsored seminar for dietitians, the speaker promoted free sugars
consumption for children as a healthy choice.[77]

Additional publications
The Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (JAND),[78] formerly titled the Journal of
the American Dietetic Association (JADA), is a monthly peer-reviewed publication involved in the
dietetics field, with original research, critical reviews, and reports on dietetics and human nutrition.

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