HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

1. Pre-Colonial Literature
- folk literature
- oral tradition
- "folk" means people, "lore" means knowledge
A.Folk Narratives
- Myth - mystical creature
- Legend - origin
- Folktales - kwentong bayan
B. Folk Speech
- Proverbs
- Riddles
- Folk songs
2. Spanish Occupation (Christian Living)
- Roman alphabet (1865-1872)
- Emphasis on Christian Doctrine (prayers, novenas, saint's stories)
- Doctrina christiana
- Moro-moro, sarsuela y Comedia, Duplo, Korido at Awit,Karagatan
3. Period of Enlightenment (1872-1896) / Revolutionary period (1896-1900) (Nation
Reformation)
- La Solidaridad (founded on December 13, 1892)
- La Liga Pilipino (Founded on July 3, 1892)
- "Noli Me rangere" at "El Filibusterismo" (Jose Rizal)
- Ang Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa" (Andres Bonifacio)
4. American Colonization (1900-1942)
- Education
- Thomasites
- English language
- Form and substance
5. Period of Initial Autonomy (1936-1942) (Urban and Rural Living)
- Panitikan (group of Aristocrat writer)
- 1st person pov
- Comparison between urban and rural living
- Manuel Arquilla (local colorist)
- Foreign films
- Dead star by Paz Marquez Benitez
6. Coming of the Japanese Conquest (1942-1945) (Nationalism and Patriotism)
- Journalistic writing was cessed
- "Golden Period" for Tagalog literature
- vernacular language
- Japanese - haikh (5-7.5)
- Ildefonso Santos - tanaga (7x4)
- "Lupang Tinubuan" by Narciso Reyes
7. Post-War Period / Period of the Philippine Republic (1796-1972) (Social and
Domestic Issues)
Writing
•Commercial
- short stories comiecs written
in magazines by neophytewriters
•Literary
- 1950
- "Carlos Palanca Memorial Award"

LITERARY LENSES/APPROACHES
Literary Criticism
- way of looking at literature
- perceive - analyse - critique
- no wrong or right answer
- only more valid and less valid answer
- can you support your argument?
Historical - Biographical
- author's background and life story
- How does that life influence the text?
- time period
- How does the time period influence the text?
- et moment (date when the book published) and milieu (setting the story)
- give meanings using the facts of history
Moral - Philosophical
- what is the moral lesson of the story?
- values judgment within the text
- what is good and bad? What is right and wrong?
- What are the characters philosophies?
IDEALISM - Plato to believe is to see
REALISM - Aristotle - to see is to believe
ESSENTIALISM - essence preceeds existence, believes in God
EXISTENTIALISM - existence preceeds essence believes in cree will
Other Philosophies:
TRANSCENDENTALISM - "carpe diem" " seize the day"
HEDONISM - pleasure
NIHILISM - mamamatay rin naman
Gender Related
- Are THEY being oppressed?
- Are THEY being empowered.
- Are THEY being stereotyped?
• MASCULINISM (effeminate and machismo)
• Feminism
- Liberal
- Marxist Socialist
- Radical
- Cultural
- Eco-feminism
•Queer
Social Marxism
- Karl Marx
Aristocrats
Bourgeoisie
Proletarist
Psychoanalytic
- Sigmund Freud
Psychosexual Theory
- oral (0- 2 years old)
- Anal (2-4 years old)
- Phallic (4-7 years old)
- Latency
- Genital
Three Stages Psycho
(un concious):
Yonic and Phallic symbols
Archetypal
- Carl Jung
- collective unconsciousness in the human psyche.
- recurring patterns of images, symbols, themes, and stories
THE TWELVE CHARACTER ARCHETYPES
(Stability control, and order)
• The Creator
• The Norturer
• The Ruler
(Risk Achievement and change)
•The Hero
•The Magicion
•The Rebel
(Freedom and Learning)
•The seeker
•The Sage
•The innocent
Belonging and Community
•The Orphan
•The Jisster
•The Enchantress
Plot Archetypes
- overcoming the monster, rag to riches, the quest, voyage and return, comedy,
tragedy, rebirth
Deconstructionism
- opposing the binary
breaking the constructs

THE LEGEND OF GENDER BENDER

1. 15th & 16th century
- rise of patriarchy
- homosexuality is considered as a disease
2. 17th & 18th century
- First wave oF Feminism.
- homosexuslity as a disease and psychological illness
3. 19th century
- rise of radical Feminism
- removal of gayness as a disease
4. 20th century
- critiquing of classic literature
- discovery of effeminacy
5. 21st century
- rise of gender theories
- approval of diversity
- celebration of LGBTQIAP++
SOGIE (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression)
Sexual Orientation - attraction
1.Hetero sexual - Vicc vera
3: Homosexual - same sex
3. Bisexual - girl and boy
4. Pansexual - doesn't matter about
5. Asexual - no attraction
Gender Identity - internal
1. Gender binary - Cisgender
- woman/man
2.genderqueer - LGBTQ++
3. transgender
Gender Expression - External Manifestation
1. Feminine
2. Masculine
3. Androgynous - combination of f and m
4 Gender - neutral
SPOKEN POETRY
(Mata, Gabelo, Ambon, and Babasa 2016)
- poetry intenced for performance onstage for a live audience.
- is associated in hip-hop culture, modem poetry
- postmodem performance, storytelling, and monologues
-aims to make a lasting imact on the audience by using rhythm, improvisations
thymes, wordplay, and sang,
-display of self-expression and belief and stand on modern
139Les
Isang Magsusuka Dulawang Panginoon
by Jonel Revistua
•Land ownership
• Human Rights
•Modernization
• Agriculture
POST MODERNISM(Fleming, 2016)
- Postmodem Literature is a form of literature that inspired, both stylistically
and idealogically, by relying on such literary conventionalities.
-Fragmentation, paradox, unreliable narrators, often unrealistic and downright
impossible plots, parody, paranoia, dark humor
STYLISTICS
- the role of language and literature
combination of language and literature

Matteo 2018
Pastiche
- Taking of various ideas from previous writings and literary styles and pasting
them together to make newstyles.
Intertextuality
-the acknowledgment of previous literary works within another literary work
Metafiction
- the act of writing about writing or making readers aware of the fictional nature
of the very fiction they are reading
Temporal Distortion
-time
Minimalism
-use of characters and events which are dec dedlu common and non-exceptionally
Maximalism
-disorganized lengthy
Magic Realism
- the introduction of impossible and unrealistix events into narrative that is
otherwise realistic
Faction
- the mixing of actual historical events with fixtional without
clearly defining is factual and what is fictional
Reader Involvement
-often through direct address to the reader and open acknowledgment of the
fictional nature of the events being described
Lorenzo by Chuck berry Pascual
Baby in the bottle by Brnjamin Bautista
Miliminas Taong 0069 by Milo Par Pamonag