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World Steel in Figures 2019 PDF
World Steel in Figures 2019 PDF
Foreword������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3 The steel industry remains at the heart of global development. In our
Steel impact��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 April Short Range Outlook, we forecast that in 2019 and 2020 global
Steel initiatives������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 6 steel demand was expected to continue to grow, but growth rates would
moderate in tandem with a slowing global economy. However, uncertainty
CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION over the trade environment and volatility in the financial markets continue
World crude steel production, 1950 to 2018���������������������������������������� 7 and could pose downside risks to this forecast. At the time of writing this,
Top steel-producing companies, 2018������������������������������������������������ 8 nothing has changed.
Major steel-producing countries, 2017 and 2018��������������������������������� 9
worldsteel recently concluded a global economic modelling exercise with
Crude steel production by process, 2018������������������������������������������ 10 Oxford Economics that found that in 2017 the steel industry sold US$2.5
Continuously-cast steel output, 2016 to 2018����������������������������������� 11 trillion worth of products and created US$500 billion value added. For
Monthly crude steel production, 2015 to 2018����������������������������������� 12 every $1 of value that is added by work within the steel industry itself, a
further $2.50 of value added activity is supported across other sectors
STEEL USE
of the global economy because of purchases of raw materials, goods,
Steel production and use: geographical distribution, 2008����������������� 14
energy and services. This generates over US$1.2 trillion of value added.
Steel production and use: geographical distribution, 2018����������������� 15
Apparent steel use, 2012 to 2018������������������������������������������������������ 16 On the employment side the study confirmed that the steel industry
Apparent steel use per capita, 2012 to 2018������������������������������������� 17 employs more than 6 million people and that for every 2 jobs in the steel
sector, 13 more jobs are supported throughout its supply chain, in total
RAW MATERIALS around 40 million jobs globally. Our members can find our full report on
Pig iron, 2017 and 2018�������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 the extranet and other visitors will find an executive summary on the
Direct reduced iron production, 2011 to 2018������������������������������������ 19 public website – worldsteel.org.
Iron ore, 2017����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20 As always, we have had a very busy year of activity in worldsteel. Firstly,
World trade in iron ore by area, 2018������������������������������������������������� 21 I would like to commend our 2018 Sustainability Champions; ArcelorMittal,
Trade in ferrous scrap, 2017 and 2018���������������������������������������������� 22 JSW Steel Limited, Tata Steel Europe, Tata Steel Limited, Tenaris and
World trade in ferrous scrap by area, 2018���������������������������������������� 23 Ternium. We have recently launched our step up programme, a multistep
continuous improvement approach covering raw materials, energy input,
TRADE yield and maintenance, which can substantially improve a mill’s
World trade in steel products, 1975 to 2018 �������������������������������������� 24 operational efficiency. We have also completed some very interesting
World volume of trade, 2000 to 2018������������������������������������������������ 24 work mapping the characteristics of the steel industry’s environmental,
World steel exports by product, 2013 to 2018����������������������������������� 25 social and governance (ESG) issues related to the supply chain.
World trade in steel by area, 2018 ���������������������������������������������������� 26
This booklet provides a comprehensive overview of steel industry activities.
Major importers and exporters of steel, 2018 ������������������������������������ 27
If you have any comments, please do not hesitate to contact me.
INDIRECT TRADE
Indirect trade in steel, 2000 to 2017�������������������������������������������������� 28
Major indirect importers and exporters of steel, 2017������������������������� 28
True steel use, 2011 to 2017������������������������������������������������������������� 29
Apparent and true steel use per capita, 2017������������������������������������ 29
INNOVATION
COMMUNITY EMPLOYMENT Taking action to fulfil
Responsible management
INVESTMENT SAFETY
responsibility
ECONOMY EDUCATION
of natural resources INFRASTRUCTURE Abiding by environmental
Human capital is regulations is a prerequisite for
a key asset Very little waste is produced. In Contributing to society acceptance by society. We aim
2017, 96.3% of the raw materials to continually reduce our
Worldwide more than 6 million used for steelmaking were In 2017, the steel industry environmental impact.
people work for the steel industry. converted to steel products and generated US$500 billion value
In 2017, for every 2 jobs in the steel co-products. added and a further US$1.2 trillion
sector, 13 more jobs were supported through its global supply chain.*
throughout its supply chain.*
Significant improvement in ?
energy consumption
Informed decisions on
Since the 1960s, the steel industry material choice
Innovation is crucial has reduced its energy intensity per
tonne of steel produced by 61%. The
A systematic approach
We provide life cycle inventory
New and innovative steels are average in 2017 was 20 GJ/tonne. brings effective results data for 17 key steel products.
continually developed. In 2017,
This helps customers to select the
the steel industry invested 5.9% In 2017, about 96.8% of steel
most sustainable materials for
of revenue in capital investment industry employees and contractors
their products.
projects, research and process worked in Enivironmental
improvement. Management Systems-registered
production facilities.
The figures above are derived from the worldsteel 2017 Sustainability Indicator data. Data for 2018 will be
available on worldsteel.org in October 2019. The figures marked with an asterisk (*) are sourced from a
global study carried out by Oxford Economics for worldsteel in 2019.
4 5
STEEL INITIATIVES WORLD CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION
1950 TO 2018
awareness of the five most common causes of safety incidents. 1960 347 2002 905 2012 1 560
1965 456 2003 971 2013 1 650
1970 595 2004 1 063 2014 1 669
CLIMATE ACTION
1975 644 2005 1 148 2015 1 620
This programme recognises steel producers that submit CO2
1980 717 2006 1 250 2016 1 627
emissions data for worldsteel’s data collection, according to the
1985 719 2007 1 348 2017 1 730
worldsteel methodology – now a standard, ISO 14404. 1990 770 2008 1 343 2018 1 808
1995 753 2009 1 239
STEP UP PROGRAMME
A multistep methodology covering raw materials, energy input, yield and
maintenance, which can substantially improve a mill’s operational efficiency.
million tonnes, crude steel production
ONLINE BENCHMARKING SYSTEMS
worldsteel offers free online benchmarking systems for its members on
Average growth rates
reliability, process yield, and energy intensity for each process of the 1 800
% per annum
basic oxygen furnace and electric arc furnace production routes. Years World
STEELIE AWARDS
The Steelie Awards recognise member companies or individuals for their
400
contribution to the steel industry over a one-year period in a series of
categories.
200
STEELCHALLENGE
steeluniversity hosts an annual competition, steelChallenge, for students
and young industry employees to test their knowledge and skills using 0
sophisticated simulations. 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
6 7
TOP STEELMAKERS MAJOR STEEL-PRODUCING COUNTRIES
2018 2017 AND 2018
million tonnes, crude steel production million tonnes, crude steel production
Rank Company Tonnage Rank Company Tonnage 2018 2017
Country
Rank Tonnage Rank Tonnage
1 ArcelorMittal 96.42 26 U. S. Steel Corporation 15.37
China 1 928.3 1 870.9
2 China Baowu Group 67.43 27 Baotou Steel 15.25 India 2 106.5 3 101.5
Japan 3 104.3 2 104.7
3 Nippon Steel Corporation (1)
49.22 28 Rizhao Steel 14.95
United States 4 86.6 4 81.6
4 HBIS Group (2) 46.80 29 Liuzhou Steel 13.53 South Korea 5 72.5 6 71.0
Russia 6 71.7 5 71.5
5 POSCO 42.86 30 EVRAZ 13.02 Germany 7 42.4 7 43.3
6 Shagang Group 40.66 31 MMK 12.66 Turkey 8 37.3 8 37.5
Brazil 9 34.9 9 34.5
7 Ansteel Group 37.36 32 thyssenkrupp 12.58 Italy 10 24.5 10 24.1
Iran 11 24.5 13 21.2
8 JFE Steel Corporation 29.15 33 CITIC Pacific 12.55
Taiwan, China 12 23.2 11 22.4
9 Jianlong Group 27.88 34 Severstal 12.04 Ukraine 13 21.1 12 21.4
Mexico 14 20.2 14 20.0
10 Shougang Group 27.34 35 Sanming Steel 11.68
France 15 15.4 15 15.5
11 Tata Steel Group (3) 27.27 36 Shaanxi Steel 11.38 Spain 16 14.3 16 14.4
Vietnam 17 14.1 18 11.5
12 Nucor Corporation 25.49 37 Jingye Steel 11.25
Canada (e) 18 12.9 17 13.6
13 Shandong Steel Group 23.21 38 Anyang Steel 10.97 Poland 19 10.2 19 10.3
Belgium 20 8.0 21 7.8
14 Valin Group 23.01 39 Taiyuan Steel 10.70
Egypt 21 7.8 23 6.9
15 Hyundai Steel 21.88 40 Jinxi Steel 10.33 United Kingdom 22 7.3 22 7.5
Austria 23 6.9 20 8.1
16 Maanshan Steel 19.64 41 Nanjing Steel 10.05 Netherlands 24 6.8 24 6.8
17 NLMK 17.39 42 Metinvest Holding 9.37 South Africa 25 6.3 25 6.3
Australia 26 5.7 26 5.3
18 JSW Steel 16.83 43 Xinyu Steel 9.36 Indonesia (e) 27 5.5 27 5.2
Saudi Arabia 28 5.2 31 4.8
19 IMIDRO (4) 16.79 44 Tsingshan Stainless Steel 9.29
Slovak Republic (e) 29 5.2 28 5.0
20 SAIL 15.93 45 Erdemir Group 9.14 Argentina 30 5.2 32 4.6
Czech Republic 31 4.9 33 4.6
21 Benxi Steel 15.90 46 Steel Dynamics, Inc. 8.92
Pakistan 32 4.7 29 5.0
22 China Steel Corporation 15.88 47 Zenith Steel 8.70 Sweden 33 4.7 30 4.9
Kazakhstan (e) 34 4.6 35 4.5
23 Gerdau 15.80 48 SSAB 8.03 Thailand 35 4.3 34 4.5
24 Fangda Steel 15.51 49 Tianjin Steel 7.77 Finland 36 4.1 36 4.0
Romania 37 3.5 37 3.4
25 Techint Group (5) 15.38 50 Donghai Special Steel 7.61 Malaysia (e) 38 3.5 39 3.2
United Arab Emirates 39 3.2 38 3.3
(1) Formerly named Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corporation (NSSMC). Tonnage includes that of Qatar 40 2.6 40 2.6
Nippon Steel Nisshin Co. Ltd., Nippon Steel Stainless Steel Corporation, Ovako Group and part of
Byelorussia (e) 41 2.5 41 2.3
USIMINAS (31.45% voting shares).
(2) Includes tonnage of Serbia Iron & Steel d.o.o. Beograd and MAKSTIL A.D. in Macedonia
Luxembourg 42 2.2 42 2.2
(3) Includes tonnage of Bhushan Steel Ltd. Portugal 43 2.2 43 2.1
(4) Combined tonnage of Mobarrakeh Steel, Esfahan Steel, Khuzestan Steel and NISCO Oman (e) 44 2.0 44 2.0
(5) Includes part of USIMINAS tonnage (39.6% voting shares)
Algeria (e) 45 2.0 66 0.4
Hungary 46 2.0 45 1.9
Notes on company ownership and tonnage calculations: For worldsteel members, the data
was sourced from their official tonnage declarations. For Chinese companies, the official CISA Serbia 47 2.0 46 1.5
tonnage publication was used, unless otherwise noted. In case of more than 50% ownership, Switzerland (e) 48 1.5 47 1.5
100% of the subsidiary’s tonnage is included. In cases of 30%-50% ownership, pro-rata Philippines (e) 49 1.5 48 1.4
tonnage is included. Unless otherwise specified in the declaration, less than 30% ownership is Greece 50 1.5 49 1.4
considered a minority and therefore not included.
Others 14.0 14.1
For an extended company listing go to worldsteel.org/steel-by-topic/statistics/top-producers. World 1 808.4 1 729.8
e = estimate
8 9
CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION CONTINUOUSLY-CAST STEEL OUTPUT
BY PROCESS, 2018 2016 TO 2018
Million Oxygen Electric Open hearth Other Total Million tonnes % Crude steel output
tonnes % % % % %
2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018
Austria 6.9 89.7 10.3 - - 100.0
Belgium (e) 8.0 67.7 32.3 - - 100.0 Austria 7.2 7.8 6.6 96.6 96.3 95.7
Bulgaria 0.7 - 100.0 - - 100.0 Belgium 7.7 7.8 8.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Croatia 0.1 - 100.0 - - 100.0 Bulgaria 0.5 0.7 0.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Czech Republic 4.9 95.0 5.0 - - 100.0 Croatia - - 0.1 - - 100.0
Finland (e) 4.1 67.5 32.5 - - 100.0 Czech Republic 4.9 4.2 4.6 92.6 92.8 92.8
France 15.4 68.4 31.6 - - 100.0 Finland 4.1 4.0 4.1 99.6 99.6 99.6
Germany 42.4 70.1 29.9 - - 100.0 France 14.0 15.0 14.9 96.9 97.0 97.0
Greece 1.5 - 100.0 - - 100.0 Germany (e) 40.1 41.3 41.2 95.3 95.4 97.1
Hungary 2.0 83.4 16.6 - - 100.0 Greece 1.2 1.4 1.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Italy 24.5 18.4 81.6 - - 100.0 Hungary 1.3 1.9 2.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Luxembourg 2.2 - 100.0 - - 100.0 Italy 22.1 22.7 23.2 94.8 94.4 94.5
Netherlands 6.8 100.0 - - - 100.0 Luxembourg 2.2 2.2 2.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
Poland 10.2 53.1 46.9 - - 100.0 Netherlands 6.8 6.8 6.8 98.7 100.0 100.0
Portugal 2.2 - 100.0 - - 100.0 Poland 8.9 9.9 10.1 98.3 95.6 98.9
Romania (e) 3.5 61.3 38.7 - - 100.0 Portugal 2.0 2.1 2.2 99.4 99.0 100.0
Slovak Republic 5.2 91.6 8.4 - - 100.0 Romania (e) 3.2 3.3 3.5 97.7 97.6 97.6
Slovenia 0.7 - 100.0 - - 100.0 Slovak Republic 4.8 5.0 5.2 99.8 100.0 100.0
Spain 14.3 34.3 65.7 - - 100.0 Slovenia 0.5 0.5 0.5 80.7 80.3 80.8
Sweden 4.7 60.8 39.2 - - 100.0 Spain 13.4 14.2 14.1 98.3 98.3 98.3
United Kingdom 7.3 77.8 22.2 - - 100.0 Sweden 4.1 4.1 3.9 85.5 83.8 83.1
European Union (28) 167.7 58.5 41.5 - - 100.0 United Kingdom 7.5 7.4 7.1 98.7 98.2 98.3
Turkey 37.3 30.9 69.1 - - 100.0 European Union (28) 156.4 162.2 162.5 96.4 96.3 96.9
Others 5.1 48.1 51.9 - - 100.0 Turkey 33.2 37.5 37.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Other Europe 42.4 32.9 67.1 - - 100.0 Others 4.4 4.7 5.1 99.7 100.0 100.0
Russia (e) 71.7 66.9 30.8 2.4 - 100.0 Other Europe 37.6 42.2 42.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Ukraine 21.1 69.7 7.5 22.8 - 100.0 Russia (e) 58.0 58.6 58.8 82.3 82.0 82.0
Other CIS 8.5 53.1 46.9 - - 100.0 Ukraine 11.7 10.8 11.4 48.3 50.4 54.0
CIS 101.3 66.3 27.2 6.4 - 100.0 Other CIS 7.4 8.1 8.5 99.9 99.9 99.9
Canada (e) 12.9 56.8 43.2 - - 100.0 CIS 77.1 77.5 78.6 75.5 76.7 77.6
Mexico 20.2 24.2 75.8 - - 100.0 Canada 9.9 8.9 9.0 78.2 65.2 70.0
United States 86.6 32.0 68.0 - - 100.0 Mexico 18.8 20.0 20.2 99.9 100.0 100.0
NAFTA 119.7 33.3 66.7 - - 100.0 United States 78.0 81.3 85.0 99.4 99.6 98.2
Argentina 5.2 44.9 55.1 - - 100.0 NAFTA 106.7 110.1 114.2 97.1 95.6 95.5
Brazil 34.9 77.5 21.0 - 1.5 100.0 Argentina 4.1 4.6 5.1 99.7 99.7 99.7
Chile 1.1 68.9 31.1 - - 100.0 Brazil 30.9 33.8 34.2 98.7 97.9 97.9
Venezuela 0.1 - 100.0 - - 100.0 Venezuela 0.6 0.4 0.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Others 3.7 6.6 93.4 - - 100.0 Other Latin America 5.0 4.9 4.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
Central and South America 45.1 67.5 31.4 - 1.1 100.0 Central and South America 40.5 43.7 44.3 99.0 98.3 98.3
Egypt (e) 7.8 6.4 93.6 - - 100.0 Egypt (e) 5.0 6.9 7.8 100.0 100.0 100.0
South Africa 6.3 61.6 38.4 - - 100.0 South Africa 6.1 6.3 6.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Other Africa (e) 3.3 12.3 87.6 - 0.2 100.0 Other Africa (e) 1.9 1.6 3.3 99.7 99.7 99.8
Africa 17.4 27.6 72.4 - 0.0 100.0 Africa 13.1 14.8 17.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Iran 24.5 9.2 90.8 - - 100.0 Iran 17.9 21.2 24.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Saudi Arabia 5.2 - 100.0 - - 100.0 Saudi Arabia 5.5 4.8 5.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
Other Middle East (e) 8.3 - 100.0 - - 100.0 Other Middle East (e) 8.1 8.4 8.3 99.9 99.9 99.9
Middle East 38.0 5.9 94.1 - - 100.0 Middle East 31.5 34.5 38.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
China (e) 928.3 88.4 11.6 - 0.0 100.0 China (e) 797.5 860.0 914.3 98.7 98.8 98.5
India 106.5 46.7 53.3 - - 100.0 India (e) 82.0 87.4 92.0 85.9 86.1 86.4
Japan 104.3 75.0 25.0 - - 100.0 Japan (e) 103.2 103.1 102.7 98.5 98.5 98.5
South Korea 72.5 66.6 33.4 - - 100.0 South Korea 67.7 70.1 71.5 98.7 98.7 98.6
Taiwan, China 23.2 60.5 39.5 - - 100.0 Taiwan, China 21.7 22.3 23.0 99.6 99.6 99.1
Other Asia (e) 34.5 23.1 76.9 - - 100.0 Other Asia (e) 24.5 31.5 34.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asia 1 269.3 80.2 19.8 - 0.0 100.0 Asia 1 096.5 1 174.4 1 238.0 97.7 97.7 97.5
Australia 5.7 74.3 25.7 - - 100.0 Australia 5.2 5.3 5.7 99.5 100.0 100.0
New Zealand 0.7 100.0 - - - 100.0 New Zealand 0.6 0.7 0.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total of above countries 1 807.1 70.8 28.8 0.4 0.0 100.0 Total of above countries 1 565.3 1 665.4 1 741.9 96.3 96.3 96.4
The countries in this table accounted for approximately 99.9% of world crude steel production in 2018. The countries in this table accounted for approximately 99.9% of world crude steel production in 2018.
e = estimate e = estimate
10 11
MONTHLY CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION
2015 TO 2018
million tonnes million tonnes
Total 65 reporting countries* NAFTA
160 11
actual data deseasonalised data actual data deseasonalised data
150
10
140
9
130
120 8
2015 2016 2017 2018 2015 2016 2017 2018
4.0
15
3.5
13
3.0
11
2015 2016 2017 2018 2015 2016 2017 2018
Japan
CIS (6) 9.5
9.0
9.0
8.5
8.5
8.0
China China
38.1% 51.3%
Apparent steel use (finished steel products) Apparent steel use (finished steel products)
World total: 1 230 million tonnes World total: 1 712 million tonnes
Other Europe
Others 2.2%
Others EU (28)
10.5% EU (28) Other Europe 8.0% 9.9% CIS
15.2% 2.3% 3.3%
Other Asia
Other Asia CIS Japan 10.0%
10.5% 4.1% 3.8%
NAFTA
8.3%
Japan
6.3% India 5.6%
NAFTA
10.6%
India
4.2%
China China
36.3% 48.8%
16 17
PIG IRON DIRECT REDUCED IRON PRODUCTION
2017 AND 2018 2011 TO 2018
18 19
IRON ORE WORLD TRADE IN IRON ORE
2017 BY AREA, 2018
Other America
Total imports
Other Europe
Italy - 0.0 7.7 7.7
Oceania
Netherlands - 18.7 28.1 9.3
NAFTA
Asia
Poland - 0.0 7.6 7.6
CIS
Destination
Romania - - 2.7 2.7
European Union
Slovakia - 0.0 6.1 6.1 36.5 1.9 19.3 17.4 58.5 14.0 0.3 0.8 148.8 112.2
(28)
Spain - 0.2 6.5 6.3
Other Europe 1.9 0.0 4.1 5.7 4.4 1.7 0.0 0.5 18.3 18.3
Sweden 27.2 23.7 0.2 3.7
United Kingdom - 0.0 9.7 9.7 CIS 0.0 0.0 15.5 - - 0.0 0.0 - 15.5 0.0
Other EU - 0.4 5.2 4.8
European Union (28) 30.7 43.3 146.9 134.3 NAFTA 0.9 0.0 0.2 11.7 6.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 19.8 8.2
Bosnia-Herzegovina 1.6 0.1 0.0 1.5 Other America 0.0 - - 0.8 8.1 - 0.8 0.0 9.7 1.6
Norway 1.7 1.7 0.1 0.1
Turkey 6.2 0.8 10.9 16.4 Africa and
5.8 0.2 1.2 2.0 29.3 5.2 0.1 - 43.9 38.7
Middle East
Other Europe - 0.0 2.2 2.2
Europe 40.2 45.9 160.1 154.5 China 0.2 - 14.9 8.6 240.3 73.6 44.5 682.4 1 064.4 1 019.9
CIS 177.9 59.8 8.9 127.1
Japan 0.0 - 1.4 7.8 35.6 4.8 2.0 72.2 123.9 121.8
Canada 49.0 41.2 8.0 15.8
Mexico 17.2 0.1 2.5 19.6 Other Asia 0.0 0.0 1.3 5.4 43.2 10.6 16.2 134.6 211.2 195.1
United States 47.6 10.6 6.4 43.4
Oceania 0.0 - - - 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.6
NAFTA 113.8 51.9 16.9 78.8
Brazil 435.5 383.5 0.0 52.0 Total exports 45.4 2.2 58.0 59.4 426.1 110.8 63.9 890.4 1 656.1 1 516.4
Chile 16.1 14.7 - 1.4
Peru 8.7 7.5 - 1.1 of which: extra-
8.9 2.2 42.5 47.7 418.0 105.6 1.2 890.4 1 516.4
regional exports*
Venezuela 4.6 2.8 - 1.8
Other America 0.7 0.2 8.8 9.2 Net exports
-119.1 -16.1 42.5 39.5 416.4 66.9 -1 335.6 889.8
(exports - imports)
Central and South America 465.6 408.8 8.8 65.6
Liberia 2.0 1.5 - 0.5 * Excluding intra-regional trade marked
Mauritania 11.7 11.5 - 0.2
South Africa 62.3 66.4 0.5 -3.7
Other Africa 9.8 7.3 7.5 9.9
Africa 85.7 86.8 7.9 6.8
Middle East 55.1 34.5 32.5 53.1
China (1) 115.0 5.5 1 075.4 1 184.9
India 201.8 28.1 5.4 179.1
Japan - 0.0 126.5 126.5
South Korea 0.4 0.0 72.4 72.8
Other Asia 24.2 41.9 62.7 45.0
Asia 341.4 75.5 1 342.4 1 608.4
Australia 883.4 872.8 0.3 10.9
New Zealand and Other Oceania 4.0 2.9 0.0 1.1
World 2 167.1 1 638.7 1 578.0 2 106.4
Production adjusted so that Fe content is similar to world average
(1)
20 21
TRADE IN FERROUS SCRAP WORLD TRADE IN FERROUS SCRAP
2017 and 2018 BY AREA, 2018
Other America
Other Europe
Total imports
France 6.2 6.4 1.9 1.8
Other Asia
Oceania
Germany 8.2 8.1 4.5 4.0
NAFTA
Japan
China
Greece 0.0 0.1 0.9 0.9
CIS
Destination
Italy 0.4 0.5 5.2 5.6
Netherlands 5.6 6.2 2.2 2.8 European
28.5 1.5 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 31.2 2.7
Union (28)
Poland 1.4 1.7 0.8 0.9
Slovak Republic 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.4 Other Europe 12.9 0.1 2.7 4.1 0.0 0.7 - - 0.0 0.0 20.6 20.4
Spain 0.4 0.7 4.1 3.8
Sweden 1.4 1.3 0.3 0.3 CIS 0.2 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.2
United Kingdom 8.8 8.7 0.3 0.4
Other EU 7.0 7.6 5.2 5.5 NAFTA 0.9 0.0 0.0 7.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.5 1.0
European Union (28) 47.8 50.0 31.9 32.7
Turkey 0.2 0.2 21.0 20.7 Other
0.1 - 0.0 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.9
America
Others 1.9 1.8 1.1 1.0
Other Europe 2.1 2.0 22.1 21.7 Africa 2.1 0.0 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 3.2 3.0
Kazakhstan 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Russia 5.2 5.5 0.8 0.6 Middle East 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.2 - 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.9
Ukraine 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.0
Other CIS 0.0 0.1 1.7 1.9 China 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 - 1.1 0.4 0.0 2.3 2.3
CIS 5.8 6.1 2.5 2.6
Canada 4.4 5.1 2.1 3.5 Japan 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.3
Mexico 0.6 0.8 1.8 1.9
United States 15.0 17.3 4.6 5.0 Other Asia 5.0 0.1 1.0 8.3 1.6 2.6 0.3 6.3 3.9 2.1 31.4 27.4
NAFTA 20.1 23.2 8.5 10.4
Brazil 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.3 Oceania 0.0 - - 0.0 0.0 - - - 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0
Other Central and South America 1.4 1.6 0.9 0.7
Central and South America 1.9 2.0 0.9 1.0 Total exports 50.0 1.8 6.1 23.2 1.9 3.8 0.3 7.4 4.6 2.7 101.8 59.3
South Africa 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1
Other Africa 0.9 0.9 2.4 0.5 of which:
extra-regional 21.5 1.7 4.5 15.6 1.7 3.5 0.3 7.4 0.7 2.3 59.3
Africa 1.4 1.4 2.5 0.6
exports*
Middle East 2.0 2.5 1.1 0.9
China 2.2 0.3 2.3 1.3 Net exports
(exports- 18.8 -18.8 4.3 14.7 0.8 -0.4 -2.0 7.1 -26.7 2.3
Japan 8.2 7.4 0.2 0.2
imports)
South Korea 0.6 0.4 6.2 6.4
Taiwan, China 0.1 0.1 2.9 3.6
* Excluding intra-regional trade marked
Other Asia 3.8 4.1 19.9 21.5
Asia 15.0 12.4 31.6 33.0
Australia and New Zealand 2.6 2.6 0.1 0.1
World 98.7 102.2 101.1 103.0
22 23
WORLD STEEL TRADE WORLD STEEL EXPORTS,
IN PRODUCTS ANALYSIS BY PRODUCT
1975 TO 2018 2013 TO 2018
05
10
15
75
80
85
90
95
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
19
taking into account the 2013 412.6 1 540.4 26.8 Total 393.8 447.7 427.0 466.7 450.7 442.7
2014 457.4 1 558.1 29.4
continuous casting ratio.
2015 467.4 1 511.6 30.9
2016 476.8 1 517.8 31.4 Exports include intra-EU trade, trade between countries of the CIS,
2017 462.9 1 613.6 28.7 and trade between NAFTA countries. The figures are based on a broad
2018 457.1 1 686.7 27.1
definition of the steel industry and its products, including ingots,
semi-finished products, hot-rolled and cold-finished products, tubes,
wire and unworked castings and forgings. The above table comprises
WORLD VOLUME OF TRADE the exports of 62 countries, which represent approximately 97 per cent
2000 TO 2018 of total world trade in 2018.
24 25
WORLD TRADE IN STEEL MAJOR IMPORTERS AND
BY AREA EXPORTERS OF STEEL
2018 2018
Total imports
Other Asia
7 Turkey 19.9 7 France (2) 14.9
Oceania
NAFTA
Middle East 1.6 3.4 3.0 0.1 0.2 5.7 5.6 0.8 2.9 0.1 23.5 17.8
26 27
INDIRECT TRADE IN STEEL TRUE STEEL USE
2000 TO 2017 2011 TO 2017
million tonnes, finished steel equivalent million tonnes, finished steel equivalent
Indirect exports, Mt
Mt
Indirect exports as a percentage
% Year Indirect exports, Mt 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
400 of exports of steel products, % 80
2000 172.1 France 17.9 15.8 15.9 15.8 16.8 17.2 18.4
350
75 2001 178.1 Germany 32.8 28.6 28.3 29.4 28.9 31.0 29.6
300 2002 187.7 Italy 22.3 15.4 15.4 15.7 18.8 18.5 19.7
70
250 2003 199.1 Spain 10.3 7.4 9.0 9.3 10.8 10.3 10.4
200 65 2004 224.0 United Kingdom 14.0 13.3 14.1 16.2 16.5 17.0 16.9
European Union (28) 147.1 124.1 126.6 135.6 143.7 148.6 152.0
150 2005 249.2
60 Turkey 25.9 27.1 29.8 28.4 32.5 32.1 33.3
100 2006 269.5
Other Europe 32.8 34.4 37.2 36.0 40.1 39.9 41.1
55
50 2007 292.4 Russia 50.5 52.4 52.3 50.6 43.8 43.5 47.0
0 50
2008 303.5 CIS 62.3 65.3 65.7 61.4 52.0 52.7 57.7
2009 231.4
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
2010 285.4 Mexico 17.5 19.1 17.6 19.9 20.2 20.1 23.4
2011 323.8 United States 101.6 112.5 113.5 123.7 118.9 115.4 122.2
Indirect trade in steel takes place through exports 2012 324.1 NAFTA 139.9 154.2 153.6 165.8 158.2 155.8 167.2
and imports of steel containing goods and is expressed Brazil 28.1 28.5 30.4 27.9 22.6 18.9 19.4
2013 319.1
in finished steel equivalent of products used. South America 52.2 53.7 55.4 51.6 47.0 40.1 41.9
2014 324.5
Further explanation on definitions and methodology Africa and Middle East 81.1 82.3 87.2 90.8 89.5 83.9 80.7
2015 322.3
of indirect trade in steel can be found in the report China 583.4 603.5 686.8 655.6 611.7 620.5 706.2
‘Indirect Trade in Steel (March 2015)’ at 2016 329.7 Japan 43.8 44.0 48.1 52.1 48.3 46.9 50.3
worldsteel.org/publications/reports. 2017 335.8 South Korea 35.6 35.1 35.6 39.3 39.7 41.6 41.7
Asia and Oceania 814.6 846.8 941.1 920.4 878.9 902.5 995.1
Total (1) 1 329.9 1 360.6 1 466.8 1 461.5 1 409.4 1 423.5 1 535.8
2017
methodological specifics of indirect trade in steel calculations. Further details can be found at
worldsteel.org/publications/reports.
28 29
ABOUT US
The World Steel Association (worldsteel) is one of the largest and most
dynamic industry associations in the world, with members in every major
steel-producing country.
(e) indicates a figure that has been estimated. World Steel in Figures
© World Steel Association 2019
0.0 indicates that the quantity concerned is less than 0.05.
Cover image: Westfield World Trade Center, New York, USA
- indicates zero or no data.
Design: double-id.com
30
World Steel Association
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