Database Management System

Assignment Number….1

Submitted By: Mukhtar Ahmed

Submitted To: Dr.Kashif Rizwan

Class: BSCS(3A)

Date: 11/14/2019
USER OF DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:
There are many types of users who are related to DBMS . These are:-

1. DBA (Database Administrator):

In any organization there will be a leader who leads all the structure, manage all the
resources etc. So will be the chief administrator of the organization. Like chief
administrator, in DBMS DBA is the leader of database. DBA is responsible for authorizing to
access the database, to monitoring its use and for acquiring software and hardware
resources as needed.
2. Database Designer:
Database designer are responsible to select appropriate structure for represent and store
the data. Before select the structure, Designer will meet all the database users and find out
all the requirements which they want to fulfill. After collect all the requirement it comes
with their design and structure and this work is completed before database
implementation.
DATDA BASE
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM USERS

Database END USERS Database Database

Administrator Administrator Designer

Casual Users

Parametric Or
Naive Users

Parametric Or
Naive Users

Stand alone
users

Application
Programmers

3. End Users:
These are:
a) Casual Users: These are the users who communicate with the database for little period
of time. They are occasionally used the database. So these are the temporary users.
b) Parametric Or Naive Users: These are the users who communicate with the database for a
regular period. Their main job is to constantly querying and updating the database
using standard queries , this is called Canned Transaction.
c) SOPHISTICATED US ERS : These are engineers, scientists, business analysts who are
familiarize with the database and when they want to use the database, they used it regularly
and when they don’t want then they are temporally used.
 d) Stand alone users: These are the users who maintain their personal database using ready
made software which is available in the market easily and provide the menu based interface
through which they can easily used the database.

4. System Analysts and Application Programmers:

System analysts find out the requirements of parametric end users and develop all the
analysis for canned transaction through which they can meet all the requirements of
parametric users. Application programmers implement these analyses as programs. These
are especially Software engineers.

Limitations of File-Based Approach:

1)Separation and isolation of data:
-Difficult to access data that is available (eg. from two files – Student that achieved good
academic result and active in extra curriculum activities)
2) Duplication of data:
-Cost time and money to enter data more than once
-Additional storage space is needed - cost
-Inconsistencies of data

Separation and
isolation of data:

Fixed
Queries/Proliferation
Duplication of data:
of application
programs: Limitations
of File-
Based
Approach

Incompatible file
Data dependence
formats:

3)Data dependence:
-File structure is defined in the program code.
-Changes to an existing structure are difficult to make
4)Incompatible file formats:
-Programs are written in different languages, and so cannot easily access each other’s files.
5)Fixed Queries/Proliferation of application programs:
-Programs are written to satisfy particular functions.
-Any new requirement needs a new program.

Advantages of Database Management System:

Compared to the File Based Data Management System, Database Management System has many
advantages. Some of these advantages are given below:

1. Reducing Data Redundancy

The file based data management systems contained multiple files that were stored in many
different locations in a system or even across multiple systems. Because of this, there were
sometimes multiple copies of the same file which lead to data redundancy.
This is prevented in a database as there is a single database and any change in it is reflected
immediately. Because of this, there is no chance of encountering duplicate data.
2. Sharing of Data
In a database, the users of the database can share the data among themselves. There are
various levels of authorization to access the data, and consequently the data can only be
shared based on the correct authorization protocols being followed. Many remote users can
also access the database simultaneously and share the data between themselves.

3. Data Integrity:
Data integrity means that the data is accurate and consistent in the database. Data Integrity
is very important as there are multiple databases in a DBMS. All of these databases contain
data that is visible to multiple users. So it is necessary to ensure that the data is correct and
consistent in all the databases and for all the users.
4. Data Security:
Data Security is vital concept in a database. Only authorized users should be allowed to
access the database and their identity should be authenticated using a username and
password. Unauthorized users should not be allowed to access the database under any
circumstances as it violates the integrity constraints.
5. Privacy:
The privacy rule in a database means only the authorized users can access a database
according to its privacy constraints. There are levels of database access and a user can only
view the data he is allowed to. For example - In social networking sites, access constraints
are different for different accounts a user may want to access.
 Privacy:

DATA
Data Integrity
SECURITY

Advantages
of Database
DATA
Management Sharing of
CONSISTENCY
System Data

Backup and
Reducing Data
Recovery

6. Backup and Recovery:

Database Management System automatically takes care of backup and recovery. The users
don't need to backup data periodically because this is taken care of by the DBMS. Moreover,
it also restores the database after a crash or system failure to its previous condition.
7. Data Consistency:
Data consistency is ensured in a database because there is no data redundancy. All data
appears consistently across the database and the data is same for all the users viewing the
database. Moreover, any changes made to the database are immediately reflected to all the
users and there is no data inconsistency.

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