VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

VIII SEMESTER

EC6018 - MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION AND COMMUNICATION

Regulation – 2013

Academic Year 2018 – 19

Prepared by

Mr.S.Senthilmurugan, Assistant Professor

Mr.D.Murugesan, Assistant Professor

Mr.C.Saravanakumar, Assistant Professor

 UNIT I - MULTIMEDIA COMPONENTS
Introduction - Multimedia skills - Multimedia components and their characteristics - Text, sound, images,
graphics, animation, video, hardware.
PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

1. What are the multimedia components? BTL 1 Remembering

2. Define multimedia and luminance. BTL 1 Remembering
3. Write the skill set requirements of multimedia designer and BTL 1 Remembering
multimedia programmer.
4. Identify communication networks available for multimedia. BTL 1 Remembering
5. Describe the applications of multimedia and sampling rate. BTL 1 Remembering
6. List the types of text that are used to produce pages of BTL 1 Remembering
documents.
7. Distinguish between unformatted text and formatted text BTL 2 Understanding
8. Summarize about three types of text that are used to produce BTL 2 Understanding
pages of documents.
9. Interpret the pixel depth and aspect ratio. BTL 2 Understanding
10. Discuss raster scan principle. BTL 2 Understanding
11. Illustrate digitized documents. BTL 3 Applying
12. Show how the quantization interval influences the accuracy of BTL 3 Applying
the sampling process of an analog signal.
13. Demonstrate the meaning of composite video signal. BTL 3 Applying
14. Infer the three main properties of a color source that the eye BTL 4 Analyzing
makes use of and if you develop a multimedia team who are
all must be therein that team?
15. Classify the digitization formats. BTL 4 Analyzing
16. Differentiate between a bitonal image and a continuous-tone BTL 4 Analyzing
image.
17. Discriminate the additive color mixing and subtractive color BTL 5 Evaluating
mixing.
18. Assess the main features of the MIDI standard and its associated BTL 5 Evaluating
messages.
19. Invent the color difference signal associated with the NTPC and BTL 6 Creating
PAL systems.
20. Formulate the resolution of luminance and chrominance signals BTL 6 Creating
for 525 and 625 line systems.
PART - B
1. (i ) What are the media types? (3) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) Describe the form of representation of media types that is
used when all are integrated together and give your reason.
What are basic skill set that a multimedia team should have?
(10)
2. (i) List the basic types of communication network that are used BTL 1 Remembering
to provide multimedia communication services. (3)

(ii) Explain why most data networks operate in a packet mode.

Hence explain why services involving audio and video are
supported. (10)
3. (i) Identify the aim of all broadcast television networks. (3) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) Write some of the multimedia components. Explain some of
the real time applications where these components can be
used. (10)
4. (i) Examine the interpersonal communications may involve BTL 1 Remembering
speech, image, text, or video for multimedia applications.
(10)
(ii) Name the three main categories of multimedia applications.
(3)
5. (i) Discuss the interactive applications over the internet and BTL 2 Understanding
entertainment applications of multimedia. (10)
(ii) Distinguish the continuous media and block-mode
media. (3)
6. (i) Describe the digitization principles. (10) BTL 2 Understanding
(ii) Summarize the meaning of codeword, analog signal, signal
encoder and signal decoder. (3)
7. (i) Express the meaning of unformatted text, and formatted BTL 2 Understanding
text. (7)
(ii) Interpret about the pages/documents, hypertext, and
hyperlinks. (6)
8. Show the digitization format for digitized documents BTL 3 Applying
through an example. (13)
9. Discover the raster scan operation associated with BTL 3 Applying
TV/computer monitors (13)

10. (i) Compare the display resolutions and memory requirements BTL 4 Analyzing
for VGA, XGA & SVGA standard. (3)
(ii) Analyze with the aid of a diagram, how a color image is
captured within a camera or scanner and explain the working
principle of digital camera & scanner. (10)
11. (i) Differentiate between 4:2:2 and 4:2:0 formats. (3) BTL 4 Analyzing
(ii) Classify the CD-quality audio and synthesized audio. (10)
12. (i) Explain the principle of operation of a PCM speech codec. BTL 4 Analyzing
Include in your diagram the operation of the compressor in
the encoder and the expander in the decoder. (10)
(ii) Pointout the PC video digitization formats. (3)
13. Assess the luminance, chrominance, and color difference and BTL 5 Evaluating
how the magnitude of each primary color present in the
source is derived from these. (13)
 14. Develop the video content for real time application and BTL 6 Creating
narrate the features of the application. (13)
PART-C
1. Elaborate the meaning of visual object, freeform object, BTL 6 Creating
clip-art, and 3-D objects relating to graphical images and
describe the procedural steps for creating 3D animation with
neat sketches. (15)
2. Formulate the following digitization formats: 4:2:2, 4:2:0, BTL 6 Creating
SIF, CIF, QCIF, and S-QCIF. (15)
3. Evaluate with the aid of diagram, the principles of interlaced BTL 5 Evaluating
of scanning as used in most TV broadcast applications.
Include in your explanation the meaning of the terms filed,
odd and even scan lines. Show the number of scan lines per
field with for a 525 and 625 line system. (15)
4. Interpret the color gamut, additive color mixing, and BTL 5 Evaluating
subtractive color mixing. Give an application of both color
mixing methods. (15)

UNIT II - AUDIO AND VIDEO COMPRESSION

Audio compression–DPCM-Adaptive PCM –adaptive predictive coding-linear Predictive coding-code
excited LPC-perpetual coding Video compression –principles-H.261-H.263-MPEG 1, 2, and 4.

PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. What is the need for compression and principle of adaptive BTL 1 Remembering
predictive coding?
2. Define pitch, period, loudness, and frequency masking. BTL 1 Remembering

3. List the audio compression techniques. BTL 1 Remembering

4. How the performance of a basic DPCM scheme can be improved BTL 1 Remembering
by utilizing a more accurate version of the previous signal?
5. Identify the frame types in video compression. BTL 1 Remembering

6. Describe adaptive differential pulse code modulation encoder BTL 1 Remembering

and decoder with a neat diagram.
7. Distinguish between LPC and CELPC. BTL 2 Understanding

8. Summarize the CELP based standards. BTL 2 Understanding

9. Interpret the frequency and temporal masking. BTL 2 Understanding

10. Discuss the Dolby AC-1, AC-2 and AC-3 standards. BTL 2 Understanding

11. Illustrate the I, P and B-frames and define & working of GOP BTL 3 Applying
 with an example.
12. Identify the role of formatter. BTL 3 Applying

13. Demonstrate the H.261 encoding formats. BTL 3 Applying

14. Infer the ways of errors detected in H.263 video compression BTL 4 Analyzing
standard.
15. Classify the MPEG standards. BTL 4 Analyzing

16. Differentiate MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 standards. BTL 4 Analyzing

17. Discriminate MPEG audio and Dolby audio coders. BTL 5 Evaluating

18. Assess MPEG-4 decoder schematic. BTL 5 Evaluating

19. Develop B-frame encoding procedure in video compression. BTL 6 Creating

20. Invent how reversible variable length codewords reduce the BTL 6 Creating
effects of transmission errors.
PART - B
1. (i ) What is differential pulse code modulation? (3) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) Describe with the aid of a schematic diagram, the operation
of a basic DPCM signal encoder and decoder. Include in
your explanation the source of errors that can arise. (13)
2. Define adaptive PCM and explain ADPCM subband encoder & BTL 1 Remembering
decoder with neat schematic. (13)
3. (i) Examine the third order predictive DPCM signal encoder and BTL 1 Remembering
decoder schematic. (10)
(ii) Write short notes on adaptive predictive coding. (3)
4. (i) Identify the perception parameters and associated vocal tract BTL 1 Remembering
excitation parameters that are used. (7)
(ii) List the terms relating to speech coders and explain the
meaning. (6)
5. Discuss the code excited linear predictive coding with BTL 2 Understanding
appropriate diagrams. (13)

6. (i) Describe the LPC encoder and decoder with schematic BTL 2 Understanding
diagram. (10)
(ii) Summarize the principles on which perceptual coders are
based and how they differ from an LPC and CELP coder. (3)
7. (i) Express the sensitivity of ear and frequency masking. (10) BTL 2 Understanding

(ii) Interpret about the temporal masking with the support of a

graph. (3)
8. (i) Illustrate a brief outline about the MPEG perceptual encoder BTL 3 Applying
and decoder. (10)
(ii) Show the three levels of processing used and an applications
and typical bit rate of each in MPEG perceptual coder. (3)
 9. Demonstrate the Dolby AC-1, Dolby AC-2, and Dolby AC-3. BTL 3 Applying
(13)

10. (i) Compare the H.261 & H.263 video compression standards. BTL 4 Analyzing
(3)
(ii) Analyze the H.261 video encoder and infer the relation to the
macroblock and frame formats. (10)
11. (i) Differentiate video encoding procedure used with motion BTL 4 Analyzing
vector and prediction vector. (3)
(ii) Explain the compressed frames of I-frames, P-frames, B-
frames and the reasons for their use. (10)
12. Analyze the motion picture expert group standards and mention BTL 4 Analyzing
its applications. (13)

13. (i) Evaluate the MPEG-1 frame sequence and video bit stream BTL 5 Evaluating
structure. (7)
(ii) Assess about the compression technique which is used for
regenerative sound and digital TV broadcast. (6)
14. (i) Develop how the content based video coding principle is BTL 6 Creating
done in video’s and MPEG-4 coding. (10)
(ii) Invent the compression algorithm used with MPEG-1 differs
from that used in the H.261 standard. (3)
PART-C

1. Compile the difference between the forward adaptive bit BTL 6 Creating
allocation mode as used with an MPEG perceptual coder and the
fixed bit allocation mode as used with a Dolby AC-1 coder. (15)
2. Discuss H.263 error tracking scheme, independent segment BTL 6 Creating
decoding and reference picture selection with independent of
segment decoding. (15)
3. Determine how better sound quality for the same bit rate can be BTL 5 Evaluating
obtained using a subband coding ADPCM. Give examples of the
bit rates used for the lower and higher subbands and state an
application of this type of codec. (15)
4. Evaluate the difference between LPC and CELP codec. BTL 5 Evaluating
Include the meaning of waveform template and template
codebook. (15)

UNIT III - TEXT AND IMAGE COMPRESSION

Compression principles-source encoders and destination encoders-lossless and lossy compression-entropy
encoding –source encoding -text compression –static Huffman coding dynamic coding –arithmetic coding –
Lempel ziv-welsh Compression-image compression
PART – A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. Define the term Entropy encoding. BT1 Remembering
2. What is meant by temporal redundancy? BT1 Remembering
3. List out the methods in source encoding. BT1 Remembering
4. Define entropy. How entropy is related for the performance BT1 Remembering
measure of statistical encoding?
5. What are the main objectives of lossless and lossy compression BT1 Remembering
techniques?
6. Give the principle of differential encoding. BT1 Remembering
7. Summarize the significance and applications of GIF and TIFF BT2 Understanding
image file formats.
8. Outline the basic principle of Statistical encoding. BT2 Understanding
9. State the principle of Progressive transmission. BT2 Understanding
10. When prefix code is called as optimum prefix codes? BT2 Understanding
11. Identify the applications of LZW. BT3 Applying
12. Develop the expression for coding efficiency to entropy. BT3 Applying
13. If there is a ZIP code file format means which kind of BT3 Applying
compression technique is used to unzip the data.
14. In what way the adaptive Huffman code differs from Huffman BT4 Analyzing
code?
15. Distinguish between static and dynamic Huffman coding. BT4 Analyzing
16. What is the need of EOL in Facsimile machine? BT4 Analyzing
17. Justify the need of dictionary based algorithm. BT5 Evaluating
18. Assess the need of run length encoding? For which type of BT5 Evaluating
applications it is more useful? Justify.
19. Create the expression for DCT of each 8X8 block values. BT6 Creating
20. Propose the frame format for JPEG. BT6 Creating
PART – B

1. Define the following: Remembering

(i) Source encoders & destination decoders (6)
(ii) Lossless and Lossy compression techniques (7) BT1

2. Construct the difference between entropy encoding and source BT1 Remembering
encoding with examples. (13)
3. Explain Joint Picture Expert Group (JPEG) encoding process in BT1 Remembering
detail. Also mention its applications. (13)
4. With the aid of diagram explain in a qualities way the meaning of BT1 Remembering
the following terms relating to transform encoding.
(i) Spatial frequency (4)
(ii) Horizontal & vertical components (4)
(iii) DCT (5)
5. Give a detailed note on the following image file formats: BT2 Understanding
(i) GIF (7)
(ii). TIFF (6)
6. Explain in detail about various image compression techniques. BT2 Understanding
(13)
7. Summarize the principle of : BT2 Understanding
i. Arithmetic coding. (3)
ii. LZW algorithm. (10)
8. Describe the following terms relating to facsimile machines: BT3 Applying
(i)Termination codes (7)
(ii) Make-up codes (6)
9. Identify the salient features of over scanning and write about BT3 Applying
EOL code and its uses. (13)
10. Analyze the procedures of Shannon- Fano Coding and give the BT4 Analyzing
suitable example. (13)
11. Consider the string: ARBER, analyse Huffman coding and BT4 Analyzing
decode it. (13)
12. Find Huffman code word of the given text BT4 Analyzing
“AAAAAAAAAABBBBBCCCSS” by using static Huffman
tree. Calculate Entropy and derive the average number of bits per
character for code word? (13)
13. Examine the basic mode of operation of GIF. Include in your BT5 Evaluating
explanation the size of the color table used, how each pixel value
is sent, and how the receiver knows the image parameters used by
this source. (13)
14. Messages comprising Seven different characters, A through G are
to be transmitted over a data link, analysis has shown that the
relative frequency of occurrence of each character is A 0.10, B
0.25, C 0.05, D 0.32, E 0.01, F 0.07, G 0.2
a. Derive the entropy the messages (3) BT6 Creating
b. Use static Huffman coding to derive a suitable set of code
words (3)
c. Derive the average number of bits per code word for four code
word set to transmit a message (3)
d. compare this with the fixed length binary code words. (4)
PART-C

1. The following character string is to be transmitted using Huffman BTL 6 Creating

coding A B A C A D A B A C A D A B A C A B A B. Estimate
code word and draw the Huffman code tree. (15)
2. A series of messages is to be transferred between computers. The BTL 6 Creating
message comprises of the characters a through f. The probability
of occurrence of the characters a through f are 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.1,
0.1, 0.1 respectively. Use Huffman coding procedure to derive a
codeword and also obtain the average codeword length. (15)
3. Evaluate why differential encoding is used for the compression of BTL 5 Evaluating
the DC coefficient in successive blocks. (15)
4. Justify the importance of arithmetic encoding algorithm and BTL 5 Evaluating
encode the string with the probabilities of the character “went$” .
The probabilities are : e=0.3, n=0.3, t=0.2, w=0.1, $=0.1 (15)
 UNIT IV - VOIP TECHNOLOGY
Basics of IP transport, VoIP challenges, H.323/ SIP –Network Architecture, Protocols, Call
establishment and release, VoIP and SS7, Quality of Service- CODEC Methods- VOIP applicability

PART – A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. What are the major challenges involved in the implementation BT1 Remembering
of VOIP?.
2. Write the applications of VOIP in multimedia systems. BT1 Remembering
3. Draw the network architecture for SIP. BT1 Remembering
4. Describe Real Time Transport Protocol. BT1 Remembering
5. Point out the commands used in MEGACO. BT1 Remembering
6. Draw OSI- IP protocol stack for voice transport. BT1 Remembering
7. What do you mean by Real Time Transport Protocol? BT2 Understanding
8. Which is the first successful set of protocols for VOIP? BT2 Understanding
How it is called in another way?
9. Define media descriptor in MEGACO. BT2 Understanding
10. Summarize all CODEC methods. BT2 Understanding
11. Illustrate the role of ARQ in H323. BT3 Applying
12. Classify and describe the SIP basic classes. BT3 Applying
13. Sketch the H.323 network architecture with neat diagram. BT3 Applying
14. Analyse the need and draw the SIGTRAN protocol suite. BT4 Analyzing
15. Categorize the commonly used CODEC’s and its features. BT4 Analyzing
16. How does a call establishment take place in VOIP? BT4 Analyzing
17. Justify how QOS is measured in VOIP. BT5 Evaluating
18. Explain soft switch architecture. BT5 Evaluating
19. Formulate MEGACO protocol context and termination. BT6 Creating
20. Discuss the features of SS7 and its applications. BT6 Creating
PART – B
1. (i) Give a detailed note on challenges in VOIP and its BT1 Remembering
applications. (10)
(ii) Write a brief note on QoS issues in VOIP. (3)
2. (i) Define and explain the architecture of SIP. (10) BT1 Remembering
(ii) List the Various CODEC methods. (3)

3. Write short notes on: BT1 Remembering

i. SCTP (7)
ii. MPLS (6)
4. Explain the following in MEGACO protocol. BT1 Remembering
(i) MEGACO transaction (3)
(ii) MEGACO commands (3)
(iii) MEGACO descriptions (3)
(iv) MEGACO call establishment.(4)
5. Outline the H.323/ SIP network architecture along with protocol BT2 Understanding
stack with neat diagram. (13)
 6. Narrate about the call establishment and release phase of VOIP BT2 Understanding
connection with neat diagram. (13)
7. Give the SIP messages and address formats. Describe the BT2 Understanding
session establishment, termination and call tracking using SIP.
(13)
8. Identify the meaning of the source descriptor items used in BT3 Applying
RTCP source description packet. Specifically find the
meaning of CNAME, NAME, EMAIL, PHONE, LOC,
TOOL, NOTE & PRIV. (13)
9. Point out the features of MEGACO protocol? Explain the BT3 Applying
techniques involved in MEGACO protocol. (13)
10. What are the basics of Internet protocol (IP) transportation in Creating
BT6
detail with relevant points?
11. (13)
How the call establishment will be carried out in H.323. BT4 Analysing
Explain in detail. (13)
12. Determine the format of RTCP sender and give description to BT4 Analyzing
the packet length and the fields repeated for each source.
Describe each field. (13)
13. Examine the types of CODEC’s for handling VOIP traffic. (13) BT4 Analyzing

14. Compare the similarities and differences of UDP and RTP with BT5 Evaluating
TCP/IP. Justify your answers. (13)
PART C
1. Discuss the basics of SS7 signaling and describe its applications BTL 6 Creating
in VOIP. (15)
2. Elaborate the concept behind VOIP network architecture and BTL 6 Creating
Discuss the terminology associated with it. (15)
3. Evaluate the fast connect procedure of H.323 with necessary BTL 5 Evaluating
diagrams. (15)
4. How would you relate SIGTRAN with IP & SS7? Explain. (15) BTL 5 Evaluating
(15)

UNIT V - MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING

Multimedia networking -Applications-streamed stored and audio-making the best Effort service-protocols
for real time interactive Applications-distributing multimedia-beyond best effort service-secluding and
policing Mechanisms-integrated services-differentiated Services-RSVP.

PART – A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. List out the schemes for streaming stored media & name the BTL 1 Remembering
advantages of each scheme
2. Outline the link scheduling discipline methods. BTL 1 Remembering

3. Define packet jitter. BTL 1 Remembering

4. What is mean by RSVP? BTL 1 Remembering

5. Show the limitation of best effort service. BTL 1 Remembering

6. Outline the features of best effort service. BTL 1 Remembering

7. Summarize the important points about interactivity for streaming BTL 2 Understanding
stored audio/Video.
8. Discuss the meaning of interactivity for real time interactive BTL 2 Understanding
audio/video.
9. Explain the role of the DNS in CDN. BTL 2 Understanding

10. Classify the different RTP stream in different session identified by BTL 2 Understanding
a receiver.
11. Illustrate the role of SIP register. BTL 3 Applying

12. Interpret the header fields in RTP through proper diagram. BTL 3 Applying

13. How will you distinguish RTP & RTC packets? BTL 3 Applying

14. Analyse the causes of packet jitter. BTL 4 Analysing

15. Categorize the difference between end to end delay & packet jitter. BTL 4 Analysing

16. Choose some of the difficulties associated with the inserv model and BTL 4 Analysing
per-flow reservation of resources.
17. Briefly explain the removal of jitter at the receiver for audio. BTL 5 Evaluating

18. What are the 3 approaches that can be used to support Multimedia BTL 5 Evaluating
applications?
19. Discuss how the role of an SIP register is different from that of a BTL 6 Creating
home agent in mobile IP.
20. Elaborate about streaming of Audio/Video. BTL 6 Creating

PART – B

1. Write short notes on Remembering

(a) Real time streaming protocol (3)
(b) Decompression (3)
(c) Jitter removal (3)
(d) Quantization (4)
2. (i) List out RTCP packet types. (3) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) Explain the information contained in RTCP packet types.(10)
3. Explain intserv model and per-flow reservation of resources. (13) BTL 1 Remembering

4. Mention the procedures to be followed for quality maintenance BTL 1 Remembering

of Audio. (13)
5. Give a detail notes on Multimedia protocols for real time BTL 2 Understanding
interactive application with an example. (13)
6. Summarize the important points on :
(i) Leaky bucket (3)
(ii) WFQ (3) BTL 2 Understanding
(iii) SIP (3)
(iv) H323 (4)
7. (i)Give a brief note on integrated and differential service. (7) BTL 2 Understanding
(ii)Explain the principle and applications od RSVP. (6)
8. (i) Explain the various scheduling mechanisms. (7) BTL 3 Applying
(ii) What are the policing mechanisms used in multimedia
networking? Summarize. (6)
9. Apply the knowledge on RTCP concepts to solve the problem.
Consider an RTP session consist of 4 users, all of which are
sending and receiving RTP packets in to the same Multicast
address, each user sends video at 100 kbps.
(i) What is the rate of RTCP to limit the traffic? (3) BTL 3 Applying
(ii) How much RTCP bandwidth will be allocated for particular
receiver? (5)
(iii) How much RTCP bandwidth will be allocated for a
particular sender? (5)
10. (i) What would be pre-emptive priority queuing? (3) BTL 4 Analyzing
(ii) Inspect the pre-emptive priority queuing for computer
networks. (10)
11. (i) Compare RTSP and HTTP. (3) BTL 4 Analyzing
(ii) Examine the process of RTSP to maintain the state information
about the client (10)
12. Examine the motivation of packet jitters. (13) BTL 4 Analyzing

13. Criticize on how the jitter can be removed from audio at the BTL 5 Creating
receiver end. (13)
14. Explain the possibility for CDN to provide worse performance to a BTL 6 Evaluating
host requesting a Multimedia object than if the host has requested
the objects from the distant origin server? (13)
PART C

1. Estimate the interactivity for streaming stored audio/video for real BTL 6 Creating
time interactive applications. (15)
2. Discuss how the performance of audio quality can be recovered BTL 6 Creating
from packet loss? (15)
3. Evaluate any one of the protocols for real time interactive BTL 5 Evaluating
applications with suitable diagrams. (15)

4. Construct the planning of the inter arrival time jitter in RICP BTL 5 Evaluating
reception report. (15)