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CaO
SiO2
23%
Al2O3
Fe2O3
69% MgO
Alkalies
Manufacturing Process
Wet Process Dry Process
Formation of Clinker
Conversion into Clinker in Rotary Kiln
Bogue’s Compounds
• Tricalcium Silicate - 3CaO.SiO2 - C3S
• Dicalcium Silicate - 2CaO.SiO2 - C2S
• Tricalcium Aluminate - 3CaO. Al2O3 - C3 A
• Tetracalcium Aluminoferrite - 4CaO Al2O3 Fe2O3 - C4AF
Bogue’s Compounds
Water Requirement
• Two parts, For formation of Hydrated
Compounds, i.e bound water
• Another gel pores
• 23% + 15% by weight of cement
• Transition Zone
Types of Cement
• OPC(Ordinary Portland Cement)
• Rapid Hardening Cement
• Low Heat Cement
• PPC (Portland Pozzolana Cement)
• White Cement
• High Alumina Cement
• Sulphate resisting cement
Opc Rapid Hardeninng
Cement
• 15 to 35% to clinker
vicat’s apparatus
Strength Test
• Take 1:3 (555g of cement,
185g of fine aggregate)
• Add water
• 7.06 cm cube
• Test in compression
testing machine (min 3
units)
Soundness test
• The Cement shouldn't exhibit
appreciable expansion
• Lime/Mg/Calcium sulphate
• <0.8% or 10mm
Heat of hydration
• Exothermic reaction
• 120cal/g
• For Low heat cement
• Vacuum flask / adiabatic
calorimeter
• <75 cal/g for low heat
cement
Chemical Composition (Plant Control Measures - Clinker)
• Silica Ratio
• Alumina Ratio