Advanced Electrical Machines’ Project Report

Project Name: “Automatic relay-based water

level indicator and controller”

Group Members:

Hafsa Murtaza 16EL90 (Group Leader)

Muhammad Burhan Khan 16EL75
Kubra Shah 16EL78
Ashar Mustafa 16EL72
Kashif Mandan 16-14EL67

Subject Teacher: Dr. Mukhtiar Ahmed Mahar.

1|Page
CONTENTS:

ABSTRACT: .................................................................................................................................................... 2
OBJECTIVES: .................................................................................................................................................. 3
INTRODUCTION: ........................................................................................................................................... 4
APPLICATIONS: ............................................................................................................................................. 5
EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED: ............................................................................................................................. 5
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:....................................................................................................................................... 6
WORKING: .................................................................................................................................................... 7
CONCLUSION: ............................................................................................................................................... 8
REFERENCES:................................................................................................................................................. 8

2|Page
ABSTRACT:

Electricity and Water, the two things that are required to be saved within the nowadays. A tiny
approach for this is done through our project. The Project “Automatic relay based water level
indicator and controller” is meant to regulate the switch of pump and to cut back the quantity of
wastages of water as well as electricity. The device senses the quantity of
water current inside the tank with the aid of the Level sensor and so adjusts the position of the
pump in accordance to the water level data. This digital design achieves automation via Encoder-
Decoder. A seven segment display and a relay-based motor pump using circuit are part of
this design. The Pump turns off and ends filling the tank once water level reaches maximum-
level 9, and the display shows 90.

OBJECTIVES:

1.To avoid wasting Electricity as well as bill.

2. Acceptable running of pump.

3. To eliminate the priority regarding pump to change off once the tank gets crammed.

4. To make sure the supply of water in tank.

3|Page
INTRODUCTION:

Electricity and water being the foremost valuable properties for any country, having the
necessity of it is the burning question within the present (and future) days. . Our world
and community is dealing with excessive water usage either for domestic or
industrial functions and it's a massive issue, that impacts the sustainability of our surroundings.
Water and energy conservation methods and technological interventions are essential to gain the
sustainability solutions to the surroundings. In this project, we tend to suggest a controller based on
water level monitoring system, moreover, detects the water progress inside the tank in upward or
downward direction and so indicates the correct level of water inside the container. The system
has 10 sensors featured inside the container; the purpose is to deliver the consumer a correct
reading of the quantity of water inside the tank via a numbered display from 10 to 90.
The system conjointly contains an automatic section, it will manage the switching of the
pump by moving it to off as soon as the tank is full at level 9.
We be inclined to consider that the set-up of such a system can augment
in correct management and usage of water in home, agricultural or industrial
areas through observance and management of the amount of water and electricity usage.
Such device contributes greatly towards the purpose to preserve our natural sources if used at a
larger scale. These days each house, office, trade and etc. use pump for the required water.
However, shifting on and off the pump could be a boring and hectic task. And most of the days we
forget to prevent water pumping in acceptable time, for that reason there's an immense wastage of
water and electricity. To unravel these varieties of drawback we’ve created an automatic off-
switching for the pump. This will stop the pump once the water level reaches to a particular
predetermined level and can avoid the overflow condition.

4|Page
APPLICATIONS:

1. House/Bungalows with water pump.

2. Industrial section/ Factories.
3. Hospitals.
4. Hotels and restaurants.
5. Commercial centers.
6. .Anyplace having pump for storage tank.

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:

Transistor2N3904
Transistor 2N3907
Resistance 4.7k Ohms
Resistance 570.470 Ohms
IC 74HC147 (Encoder)
IC 4512 (Decoder)
Two way switch
Relay 5V, 220V 2.0 Amperes
Relay 12V, 220V 2.0 Amperes
Seven Segment Display
5 Volt Power Supply
12 Volt Adopter (Power Supply)

5|Page
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Figure 1. Circuit Diagram for the designed project

6|Page
WORKING:

Relay
Sensing

The proposed device contains a logic-based circuit or an Integrated Circuit (IC) alongside water
level sensor (with voltage output) which procedures the input signals of sensor, a 7 segment
display, a relay based controlled motor circuit. The device consists of water level detecting
sensors which work on the electrode resistive sensors in it, relying on the water’s conductivity
and giving out water level detection as the result which conducts the electricity between two
probe places or in between the probe and wall of the reservoir. The water completes the circuit
and the sensor output is displayed on the display and the pump turns off if tank is full. Inside the
sensor block, the level indicator sensors give appropriate alarms both HIGH or LOW depending
whether the cathode tests have touched with the fluid water or now not. The water level sensor
signs might be handled by utilizing an especially outlined computerized management circuit or a
need encoder circuit that takes the 10 sensor inputs and shows four encoded signals. The
encoder’s result will go to the seven segment display unit that demonstrates the water level in
decimal range. The activity of a seven segment display is accomplished through the usage of a
decoder. The controller circuit is the one in charge of the computerization of the system that
plays out the turning off of the engine water pump, while water inside the tank achieves the level
nine, in which at this degree a signal is sent to turn the water pump OFF. This switching is
finished by utilizing a two way switch.
Thus, by this design specification, the controller circuit maintains its primary purpose of
automatically controlling the level of the water inside the container.

7|Page
CONCLUSION:
An electronic system is designed to manipulate and screen the extent of water in a tank or
a comparable reservoir primarily based on the water detector sensor records.
The electronic machine is designed to automatically manipulate
and display water levels from 0 to 9. The approach of the format
may be extended to format a computing device for controlling some other required range of
water levels. The proposed device eliminates manual controlling for domestic, agricultural
or commercial customers. The device achieves right water administration and
enhances productiveness from automation.

REFERENCES:
[1] http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7818550/
[2] https://sites.google.com/site/2012engineeringprojects/automatic-water-pump-control
[3] file:///G:/AReportonAutomaticswitchforwaterpump.pdf

8|Page