TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

938 AURORA BLVD., CUBAO, QUEZON CITY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

FLUID MECHANICS

EXPERIMENT #3

“MANOMETER AND BOYLE’S LAW”

MEMBERS:

ESQUILLA, ANGELIQUE A.

ETRATA, PAUL JEREMY D.

FERNANDEZ, NEIL JOHN ALBERT F.

ISLES, JOHN GABRIEL A.

LAYGO, MARK CLEZENDRO

SUBMITTED TO:

ENGR. CAROL GRACE ALSID

DECEMBER 2, 2019
 DATA & RESULTS

FLUID D (cm) h (cm) h1 (cm) Pressure

Soy Sauce 80 cm 10 cm 3.5 0.65kPa

Oil 80 cm 13.9 cm 5.6 0.61kPa

Vinegar 80 cm 15 cm 7 cm 0.71kPa

Fish Sauce 80 cm 12 cm 7 cm 0.46kPa

COMPUTATIONS

Formula:

𝑷𝟐 = Ɣ𝒍 𝒉 − Ɣ𝒘 𝒉𝟏

SOY SAUCE

𝑁 10𝑚 𝑁 3.5𝑚
𝑷𝟐 = 9.81 ( ) − (1.01) (9.81 )( )
𝑚3 100 𝑚3 100

𝑷𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓 𝒌𝑷𝒂
OIL

𝑁 13.9𝑚 𝑁 5.6𝑚
𝑷𝟐 = 9.81 ( ) (0.85) − (0.85) (9.81 )( )
𝑚3 100 𝑚3 100

𝑷𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝒌𝑷𝒂

VINEGAR

𝑁 15𝑚 𝑁 7𝑚
𝑷𝟐 = 9.81 3
( ) (0.95) − (0.95) (9.81 3 ) ( )
𝑚 100 𝑚 100

𝑷𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝒌𝑷𝒂

Fish Sauce

𝑁 12𝑚 𝑁 7𝑚
𝑷𝟐 = 9.81 3
( ) (0.97) − (. 0.97) (9.81 3 ) ( )
𝑚 100 𝑚 100

𝑷𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟔 𝒌𝑷𝒂
 QUESTIONS & PROBLEMS

1. A glass tube 1.60 m long and having a diameter of 2.5 cm is insertedvertically into a tank of oil (sg
= 0.80) with the open end down and theclose end uppermost. If the open end is submerged 1.30 m
from the oilsurface, determine the height from which the oil will rise from the tube.Assume
barometric pressure is 100 KPa and neglect vapor pressure.
SOLUTION:

Weight density of oil

𝑁
𝜌𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 0.85 𝑥 9.81 𝑥 1000 = 7848 𝑚3

Weight density of water

𝑁
𝜌𝑤 = 9810 𝑚3

Area A1 = 1m×4m
A1 = 4 m 2

Area A2 = 2m×4m
A2 = 8 m 2

Let,
h1 = AB = 1 m
h2 = BC = 2 m

For oil
Location of C.G for AB
h1=0.5 m
Force on AB is given by,
𝐹𝑅1 = 𝜌𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑥 𝐴1 𝑥 ℎ1

𝐹𝑅1 = 7848 𝑥 4 𝑥 0.5

𝐹𝑅1 = 15696 𝑁

Point of application of FR1

h∗1 = 23×1
h∗1 = 0.67 m

For water

Equivalent depth of water =1×0.8=0.8 m

Location of C.G for BC
ℎ2 = 0.8 + 12 𝑥 2

ℎ2 = 1.8 𝑚

Force on BC
𝐹𝑅1 = 𝜌𝑤 𝑥 𝐴2 𝑥 ℎ2

𝐹𝑅1 = 9810𝑥 8 𝑥 1.8

𝐹𝑅1 = 141264 𝑁

Point of application of FR2

𝐼𝐺
ℎ∗2 = ̅̅̅
ℎ2 + 𝐴2 ̅̅̅̅
ℎ2

𝑙ℎ3
ℎ∗2 = ̅̅̅
ℎ2 + 12
𝐴2 ̅̅̅̅
ℎ2

4 𝑥 23
12
ℎ∗2 = 1.8 + 8 𝑥 1.8

ℎ∗2 = 1.98 𝑚

TOTAL FORCE F = FR1 + FR2

F = 15696 + 141264

F = 156960 N
Therefore the magnitude of the resultant force acting on one side is F=156960 N
To calculate the location of total force we will take moment about A,
156960 y=(FR1×ℎ1 ) + (FR2×ℎ2 )
156960 y=15696×0.67+141264×1.98

y = 1.85 m

Therefore the location of the resultant force is 1.85 m below the top surface of the oil.

OBSERVATION

In this experiment, we used U-tube manometer to determine the two heights of the liquid (height of
the liquid refers to the pressure of the liquid). Difference in height means different in pressure. Since we are
looking for the 𝑃2 of the liquids this apparatus definitely fits for giving the exact information we needed for
the experiment.

In this experiment we have observe that:

If the liquid was put on the manometer fast it forms bubbles.

Different in height as we push the submerged funnel downward.
The liquids are freely flowing when the manometer was tilted slowly.
At first liquids are almost equilibrium in terms of height but when the funnel was moved a big
difference in height was observed.
 SOURCE OF ERROR

The biggest source of error in this experiment is probably the presence of bubbles in between
liquids inside the U-tube manometer because it will cause a discrepancy in the measurement of height
readings. Other possible sources of errors probably are wrong readings of measurements, because some
rulers in the manometer are already fading so its measurements might not be too clear now. We can also
consider the imbalance table that could affect the reading of the height of the liquids.

CONCLUSION

This Experiment is all about getting the 𝑃2 . Specific Gravity is a measurement that indicates how
dense a substance is by comparing it to the density of water. Water is use as a standard because is is
considered as the universal solvent and because of its purity. After doing this experiment, We were able to
get the specific gravity of certain liquids such as oil, vinegar and soy sauce by conducting three set ups.
First, we determine the experimental value of the specific gravity of oil using water as the standard.
Then for the next set ups, we use oil as the standard in getting the specific gravities of both vinegar and soy
sauce.
After conducting this experiment, we concluded that difference in specific gravity is the reason why
some liquids such as oil and water don’t mix together because the denser liquids submerge and the lighter.
That's the reason why it is hard to wash the oil in frying pans by just using water.
In additional the experimental values that we have obtained are close to the true value that’s why
we got low percentage of errors and we can conclude that the experiment we did was correct and precise.
 DOCUMENTATION

The materials to be used: Soy Sauce Reading Oil Reading

oil, vinegar, soy sauce,
dropper and U-tube
Manometer.

Vinegar Reading Fish Sauce Reading We tried to move the

funnel up and down to
know what will happen.