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ENERGY ANALYSIS OF CLOSED SYSTEMS

PROBLEMS*

Moving Boundary Work

4–1C An ideal gas at a given state expands to a fixed final
volume first at constant pressure and then at constant tem-
perature. For which case is the work done greater?
4–2 Nitrogen at an initial state of 300 K, 150 kPa, and
0.2  m3 is compressed slowly in an isothermal process to a
final pressure of 800 kPa. Determine the work done during
this process.
4–3 The volume of 1 kg of helium in a piston-cylinder
device is initially 5 m3. Now helium is compressed to 2 m3 FIGURE P4–6
while its pressure is maintained constant at 180 kPa. Deter-
mine the initial and final temperatures of helium as well as 4–7 A piston–cylinder device initially contains 0.07 m3
the work required to compress it, in kJ. of nitrogen gas at 130 kPa and 1808C. The nitrogen is now
4–4E Calculate the total work, in Btu, for process 1–3 expanded to a pressure of 80 kPa polytropically with a poly-
shown in Fig. P4–4E. tropic exponent whose value is equal to the specific heat ratio
(called isentropic expansion). Determine the final tempera-
ture and the boundary work done during this process.
3 2
300 4–8 A mass of 5 kg of saturated water vapor at 300 kPa
is heated at constant pressure until the temperature reaches
2008C. Calculate the work done by the steam during this pro-
P, psia

cess. Answer: 166 kJ

15 4–9 1-m3 of saturated liquid water at 2008C is expanded
1
isothermally in a closed system until its quality is 80 percent.
Determine the total work produced by this expansion, in kJ.
1 2 3.3 4–10 A gas is compressed from an initial volume of 0.42 m3
V, ft3 to a final volume of 0.12 m3. During the quasi-equilibrium pro-
cess, the pressure changes with volume according to the rela-
FIGURE P4–4E tion P 5 aV 1 b, where a 5 21200 kPa/m3 and b 5 600 kPa.
Calculate the work done during this process (a) by plotting the
process on a P-V diagram and finding the area under the pro-
4–5 A piston–cylinder device initially contains 0.07 m3 cess curve and (b) by performing the necessary integrations.
of nitrogen gas at 130 kPa and 1208C. The nitrogen is now
expanded polytropically to a state of 100 kPa and 1008C.
Determine the boundary work done during this process.
4–6 A piston–cylinder device with a set of stops initially
contains 0.6 kg of steam at 1.0 MPa and 4008C. The loca-
tion of the stops corresponds to 40 percent of the initial Gas
volume. Now the steam is cooled. Determine the compres-
sion work if the final state is (a) 1.0 MPa and 2508C and P = aV + b
(b) 500 kPa. (c) Also determine the temperature at the final
state in part (b).

* Problems designated by a “C” are concept questions, and
students are encouraged to answer them all. Problems designated
by an “E” are in English units, and the SI users can ignore them.
Problems with the icon are solved using EES, and complete
solutions together with parametric studies are included on the text
website. Problems with the icon are comprehensive in nature,
and are intended to be solved with an equation solver such as EES.
FIGURE P4–10
4–11 A mass of 1.5 kg of air at 120 kPa and 248C is con-
tained in a gas-tight, frictionless piston–cylinder device. The
air is now compressed to a final pressure of 600 kPa. During
the process, heat is transferred from the air such that the tem-
perature inside the cylinder remains constant. Calculate the
work input during this process. Answer: 206 kJ