Foundations are used to support the whole by transferring the load from the main structure to the ground.

There are two general types of foundations used for construction a building which are known as shallow and
deep foundations. Shallow foundations are commonly used for simple structures like houses, and some
buildings depending but depends on the strength of the soil beneath the structure, while deep foundations
are commonly used for large projects such as bridges, airports, etc. The main objective for this part is to give
a critical analysis on how and when shall the different types of deep foundations shall be used stressing the
different construction methods used for their structural frames.
The types of deep foundations commonly known as pile foundations based on construction methods are the
driven pile foundations, cast in place pile foundations, and the combination of the two (The Constructor,
2019). The discussions below give a description of the type of pile foundation and its corresponding structural
frame.

Figure 1. Types of Pile Foundation

Driven Pile Foundations. It is a process of driving the prefabricated piles using a pile hammer into the
ground. By using this process, the soils below the pile are compacted which increases the bearing capacity
of the soil supporting the pile.
 Figure 2. Pile Driving Process

Cast-in-situ Pile Foundations. Unlike drive piles, this type of foundation is like how the reinforced concrete
members in a building is formed. But before that, holes are drilled into the ground followed by the formworks
and steel bars for the pile. Pouring the required concrete and allowing it to cure for such time will make the
process completed.

Figure 3. Concrete Pouring for the Assembled Pile

Driven and Cast-in-situ Piles. It is a combination of the two wherein a hollow shell made of corrugated and
reinforced thin sheet steel is driven into the soil with the aid of a mandrel. When the necessary depth is
reached, the mandrel is removed and the cast-in-situ procedure follows where the steel bars will be placed
and concrete mix will be poured to the shell.

Figure 4. Steel Bars in a Driven Steel Shell

These types of pile foundation are utilized depending on the strength of the soil where the structure shall be
built. For those structure with a soil having a fair to good bearing capacity, cast-in-situ pile foundation can be
used. For those structure who has a weak soil and whose strength shall depend only on the nearest rock
formation below the soil, thus, driving the soil to in
crease its strength due to compaction is necessary. The third one always relies between the middle of the
two. If both driven and cast-in-situ can be applied for the structure, then the third one can be a choice.
Typically, the third one comes when it is already about the practical side of the construction. Sometimes, a
more economic method is needed by a client, and sometimes, a faster duration is required. Based on
economic, cast-in-place pile is more efficient because using driven piles will have additional cost of the
equipment for pile driving which is very much different compared to the difference of the cost between
prefabrication and site fabrication. Based on duration, driven piles can be used because it is much faster way
considering that cast-in-place piles would require much time for curing period of the concrete. And again, the
third one relies in between the two and can be used if it shall be a good choice for the estimated time and
cost (Quora, 2019).
REFERENCES

Quora. (2019, June 8). Retrieved from Quora: https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-

driven-pile-and-bored-pile.
The Constructor. (2019, June 8). Retrieved from The Constructor:
https://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/types-of-piles-based-on-construction-method/10707/