—

^ro f^R^ *£*[Un \

THE PH1T SUTRAS

CHAPTER I.

vtffttffegi fa x
I HWrT 33TtT: CTTR I 3§:
1. A nominal stem ia finally acute. As 3 j : II The word fqffi is the
name of Nominal stems or Pratipadikas, in the terminology of the ancient Gram-
marians.

>

iJHd^ ranrei 33Ttt; 1 'hts^t* 'uras^T' 'sjsut' '<n5^n ^fk unfar. 1 'srarasH-
9fa m^ 1 'otr|£' 's&Tfa^Trr' '^iTcTfi' 'wt^**' srfcf ti^fm: I TOaTOT: I WTHT 1 '3*-

^rnsfUJ
1

^raT2a?flTlr3 UTtcf I HTTT*: I 3*3 * II

2. The synonyms of UT2*TT, ^B1T*r|;T, ^Wctt and mn* are finally acute. Pata-
la is a kind of herb mz$l, tJ^^T, §TO*T, tn^T U By Phit II. 19 the heavy
vowel would have got the accent makes these end acute.
: this So also *miT5l|j,
Hnfvren??, *wtar7, and ijrreioTCi are syuonymns meauing a kind of plant (Cassia
fistula). So alno sjira I, WTcl T I This last is an excrption to Phit II. 9. So
also ^TH?:, Sga: II

n^w i 'srafcrcraej-' sfa tnjf 1 ^feranj' foil 1 smn i flTqsratsim 1 ^%a

<TO3TST5lTjTO5fiTf» II

3. The words denoting house, are end-acute, provided they are not in the
Feminine. This is an exception to Phit II. 3. Thus Trgjj I Why do we say
not in the Feminine ? Observe sjTi3T which is first-acute, because of this prohi-
bition.

8 1 *racw g n

Wr? s^tttt: wra§ feroro 1 *T3*? 1 'siTwuiw* f^Rir 1 '^i^wre=T j^tvq: i

^T^?W3TW^5r?T^TJj' TOnI TfTTTCI3TTTr«n? I HfTTSST^ II

4. So also the word ns, but not in the feminine, is end-acute. As Trgjw I

But in the feminine it is first-acute by Phit II. 6. and then ZVI S is added. As
*T5tf«n£ ipnva: 1 (Rig Veda X. 136. 3).

U I oti^i
©V
^sftfaTOPJ 11

mm I 5JT3T I 'UTSfTPn^faTragw' ^TRaTrarci HTjf » 'S?V ?ffl fall 1 tflSTJ? I XJ5(5rT-

rai^rasnrfraw 1 'faulrc^g^^^J
,

faw 1 ?wt » g^m 1 'QRtora:' (aaoi) ^wtcjcttI

Vol. III. Phit Oh. T. §7.] The Phit Si-tras. 113

6. A feminine word ending in a vowel and preceded by vj and a is end-

acute; as lJ5?raf i This is an exception to Phit II. 20. So also ^mT, JNtlr, 5TTUT i

This is an exception to III. 13 which would have made these first acute. Why
feminine ? Observe ^r©*T which is first-acute, because it ends in the affix ir? I

Why have we used the word faruzi in the sutra ? The rule is confined to those
words only which are always feminine, and have no corresponding masculine
form. Therefore, not here, cfWJT, ^rfaaT I The word ^wj is first-acute by VI. 1.

213, S. 3701. and gfcra is middle-acute by Phit III. 13.

*H5ra:*srar. '^afsrossj-' <?frr vma i '^hhttS:' faro • Tumi i *paiy i ^n 'saifffin-

zm- ^f?r 'sTsTfauaCT-' ?ftr sfi *TC73TT?c5m i fsrartfre? 'sfte:^ fa^sas^' ^utt-

6. A word ending in t$i is end-acute, provided it does not begin with a U

or w I Thus mga, SpTfl", 3:*sfW, 3*3T 1 The word nig would have been first-

acute by Phit II.G ; w*a and a;:*s! would also have been first-acute by Phit II. 3.
The word 3*slT which means a pot would have been also first-acute by Phit If.
8. because it is a manufactured article. Why do we say 'if not beginning with si
or «'? Observe foofcm, W «§W, governed by Phit II. 6 or 3.

The word jfig being the name of a part of the human body is first-acute by
Phit II. 6. Or because it is a Neuter noun, rule II. 3. of the Phit Sutras ap-
plies and makes it first-acute.

The word fsHsTt is formed by tJn. V. 24 With the addition of ^J to the root

Sjte 1 The affix *§r being expressly taught as fa^ makes the word f*H3 first

acute before the addition of the feminine Z1U as K

it is an antaranga operation, no
the word Tutsi is first acute. Or even by Phit II. 6. it is first-acute.

?yrfti otto?? • ^w'^rafaT w'wsmn_OT :

'
i ^smggq^w^fri^inj^ ^T^TrT ??ot?: ,

7. A word ending in ffT, ST??, si, as well as sjfffES and 9r3t are end-acute.
Thus 5if?TS5: (superlative of «np, the ^1 is substituted by VI. 4. 157). It

would have been first-acute, because of the far* affix qz&*\ (V. 3. 55). In sif^ts-

**§: H^HT TO 5* ; sjj'fes snfflTOS, (Rig Veda V. 62. 9), the word is first-acute

anomalously. In the word ^oTFBT:, VI. 2. 2. is debarred, by which the

firstmember would have retained its accent in an Indeclinable compound. With
fr? we have BTctfrt*:, wSfthi This debars Phit II. 19. With ^, we have
I

«r5n?T3JfT Here also Phit II. 19 is set aside.

1
As regards words ending in w
15
 1U TfiR SlDDHANTA KaUMUDI. {VOL. TIL PHIT Ch. f. §8.

Panitii Vf, 2. 144. would govern them; as qiw^TT l Trm?CTlih: I (Rig Veda
V. 41. 19). Sakatayana's sutra, therefore, is superfluous so far.

"8. The word 3?gt& is end-acute when meaning 'skilful.' As ^mrTlTf Sffain:
*»Treft*n: l When it has not this significance, it will be first-acute, if it be a Pro-
noun meaning 'south,' 'right hand.' In this case Phit II 6 would apply. In
any other case Phit II. 19 would govern it. The word dakshina has other mean*
ings, as ' sincere, courteous, submissive, &o.'

*?s ^gm^TSJ^rff nuf^i2TTr^ ^ft: i z^aw &r§: i WsaniEinw' few i nraref

9. The first-syllable of ^ffgnT is optionally acute, when it is the name of

a limb. When it means right hand, it may be either end-acute or first acute.
As -Qf^rojr sjT^: or ^fewf 3H! I Why is the word akhya used in the sutra ? In
order to prevent the application of the rule to the ' left '
hand, though in one
case it will be called dakshina, if a person sits facing west, for then his left hand
will point, towards dakshina or south, and may be called dakshina bahu or the
arm pointing towards south.

uo i &%fa g II

*raif T^fw^rj i sfgnr: 1 ?^ tjafaurTsrsTTrasTTft 11

10. In the Chhandasalso the word dakshina may be either first or end-acute.
This is the case even when it does not mean right arm. As 3[fcNirnrcf 3%'*nT
fitiz if?^ 3?Wnn 5^*pr nfe-tai sfenra sr^f^ 5t A sttcwt ^t^^t em' sijjd
fasn^i'fRig VedfTx. 107. 7).

*utct i 'grenrV ^t *m ^tfw:' i *snnairai g i ^iiancrt xrzn 11

11. The word ^nan is end-acute, if it is not the name of an animal. This
is an exception tc Phit II. As ^WT*T ^t^Sim
10. I ^Tsqft
1
3t «tt5T ^w: I But
when denoting a wild animal, we have ^PHift XV&i II

«^ I 3T 3TOVIZOT II

12. Optionally so, when Krishna is a Proper Name. As *tn sn_ STOUT
vfavwi <gV?f enfsrclsf (Rig. VIII. 85. 3).

* The Rishi Krishna invokes you two, Asvinas ! Lords of riches.'

<U » urn miniTiTv 11

Vol. til. Phit Ch. I. §19.] Th* Phit Sutras. 115

fafagcfTfr. wif^as i ara^grfa ffa g gr*w i 'Hb'm^T vmfavi' «RRi5*rr-

13. The first-syllable of skr and 3tt* is acute. Some say it ia a ooinpuU
sory rale and uot an optional one. Others read the anuvritti of qt into it and
make it optional. According to the first opinion, the rule is confined to Proper
Names and therefore in ell"
: fttTT usrrfti.srT (tyig Veda VIII. 45. 21), it is pro-
perly end-acute, as it is not a Name.

14. Th^ fiuals of *HgT2> 333?, st«R and <5T3JT are acute in. the Chhaudas.
The word mgxS would have been middle-acute by Phit III. 3, this ox-dains hnal-
aoute. So also with gqf i It would have been first-acute by Phit II. 7. The-
word gsjf is employed for the sake of niyama : it is end-acute in the Vedaa only;.
in the classical language, it is tirst-acute.

a?=3W5« 33TtT. WTgT wthtutw i qtsw H

15. And the word ijts is end acute in the Chhandas. In the classical?
lnnguage, it ia optionally so, i.e., it is first-acute also by Phit II. 6. As i£G5*T or

HS I *£ TO1 ^STTW trT II

16. jjisi is end-acute, if it is the name of straw. This is an exception,

to Phit II. 9. Why do we say 'when it is the name of straw' ? Observe W3!'TT;
qg: where it is first-acute by Phit. II. 9..

<t§ | 3PTO7 tcUUJKdEJT g<j II

17. mn is end-acute, when it means 'master.' Otherwise it is first-

acute by Phit III. 13 or Panini VI. 1. 213 S. 3701. See also Paniui III. 1. 103-
for the word mil and its vartika.

feni^TcOT^T^fasHT I Wr! 3cf TlTqcRTr25^aq?aBJ13JcfTHm I '^^ ^TSJTWSlfr'll.

18. wvjfi is end-acute, if it is uot the name of a direction. This implies
that when sjttsjt means ' direction '
then it is first-aoute s As ^hj» 3TTOlttJ9J*T
JRahVrr *wg cfi*ri i §«T_ h^j\ fe4>kiw. I (Rig. II;« 41. 12). Miy the w.»«T
Jn ha. conqueror of euLin.es, muke us free from, fear from all directions or sides.'
Here sjJTSIT means direction.

<K I *^nUTSTf5^PJT*!Tm II
 6

1 1 The Siddhanta Kaumudi. [Vol. III. Phit Ch. I. §19.

19. The uaoies .of Ast.erisms, which take the feminine affix ^n, are end-
acute. The asterisins *mgwT, HRnvn, &e. would have been otherwise governed
by Phit II. 19; while «qc5T, *f3C5T, yfai^T, being formed by ?*5^, would have
been first-acute by faa accent.

20. Not so, if the final letter is 5iT and the asterism is the name of K;rit"

tika. The final of ^mm is not acute ; it is first-acute by Phit II. 19. As
wTtTSRT f^Rw i Others hold that the words ending in SRI in the feminine are not
end-acute ; and they mention HliftiaRT, cTgfacfiT II.

rH I ^T2ttai ^ H

*5rl 33Tt|: I '%& fa'mij' SIT^!ffITT^rT5qR II

21. ^r?and the rest are end-acute. As ^ H* fwfkg ^[ HJTF» STfa tf ^

T^HT ^_r!So[fC| V3TW, (Rig. H. 3. 11). '1 sprinkle ghee on fire, ghee is its birth-
place, ghee js its abode of rest, and ghee its luminosity <fcc/ This is an Akri-
tiguna : all words which are end-acute, and do not fall under any other rule,
should be classified under the Ghvitadi class.

^ I ^Sfif'lglfr&lftf U

<H*tT 331*: Wfrf I

(
m*G W['^ ^WBT' I 'SlifalSS 1ITS ^rW-' I *€TqW feRIT I 50*5 :

22. 5SIE5 and srri§ are end-acute when meaning «age — oldest and young-
est.' As s?ij_T35 ^}ri gwei^oiT 3rrfrT_ sRHtVi^ ^rt^ BiVirararii'rtz i efifcriss *stai

^Ht^fifrT rclTS tRW^r"^^ ifr' a: I (Rig. IV. 33. 5) i Here 531S5 nieaus the
< eldest,' and refers to Ribhu, sfiqlm^ refers to his younger brother Bibhva, and
sfifrflSS refers to the youngest brother Vaja. gq in 53^5 here is the substitute
of qgi (V. 3. 62) and sr^ by V. 3. 64.
for qq;* in sifaiss: Why do we say 'when
meauing age' ? Observe 5£rG5=*5ics derive! from tnjSJ (V. 3. 61), and cfi fi{VS
from HvQ (V. 3. 64) = shtW*: These are first-acute by f^ accent.
I The pre-,
sent sutra is thus an exception to fafl accent.

^ i f«RpffiTOfr: ^f^m st n

^fri ftra^g ww. ura: II

23. The finals of Tsr^g and fflca are optionally svan'ta In the otheif

alternative they will be acute. As fgsci* ur faser, fcron' or frrf II

CHAPTER II.

<l i ^rarfe:: htsr srai;: ii

Vol. III. Phit Oh. II. §7.] The Phit Sutras. 117

1. From this up to the end of Chapter HI, the word *jrrfe exerts the go-
verning influence. From this sutra up to sjaRfcajaR^j (IV. 1) exclusive, the accent

ia on the first syllable of the words taught.

*Tfe*3Tr*: mm i sifa: i h$: ii

2. A word ending in a light vowel, aud used always in the feminine, ia.

first-acute. As gf^r:, fR: u

3. An invariable neuter noun, with the exception of one ending in ^SF, is

first-acute. The word sttj means sro^rsR or Neuter. As cR_ * snq: (Rig Veda X.
39. 1). But gfq*«, srfel, *»f^ «kc. ending in ?s are end-acute.

^cagifw^ri: i gran: i «rtcjt: i wtw: i fhsrr: i cig^f ff m^m: h

4. Words denoting ' straw and '

'grain' are first-acute when consisting
of two syllables. The word ^STO^sra I As qfsjT:, eRTajT:, OTSt:, fcJ%U: I But
TTT^TfCT: is acute on the middle by Phit II. 19. The word si* is the Name given
to vowels by Ancient Grammarians.

U i ?: iimw?- «

5. A Numeral ending in ^ or * is first-acute* As u sg, 4tr9lT: l In ^?3lTC:

the word is middle-aoute by nix accent; see Panini VII. 1. 98. The proper ex-
ample is g^is^m^: 1 For gg?: is end acute by VI. 1. 167, Ǥ*fii: is middle-*
acute by VI. 1. 180. ^cUffi » is governed by VI. 1, 179. Hence example of a
compouud : which is first acute by VI. 2. 29..

£ I ^T^ftldmdlfrlFn^ II

6.The words denoting bodily organs and ending in m as well as the Pro- t

nouns are The fare is the name given to Pronouns (H^ffm) by an-
first-acute.

cient Grammarians. A^ sfiht'wit l^'ejiraftl, (Rig Veda X. 163. 1) ; $rB5rfa5r

W*p, (Rig Veda II. 39. 6,) feisfr fasTqT?(Rig Veda I. 28. 6).

1 mftiRt wmi^ 11

wsufror^ WTf3*3Tfr: 1 5RT5f»: i %m: 1 '^'a^'' 1 mfaisTTW faw ? g* " qW£-

^ttii h

7. The syllable preceding the sr is acute in the names .of animate beings.
Thus eRrsR:, $**:, ^"^' (Rig Veda I. 50. 12). Why do we say 'of living
beings'? Observe g^ gfa'w^fW (Rig VeJa IX. 07. 32). I Here 33* is end-acute
by Phit II. H..
118 The Sibdhanta Kaumudi. [Vol. III. PhitCh. II. §&

8. The g preceding a *aa (th •

surd letter) is- acute, when the word is the-
name of an artificial thing. As aRnj'cR: 11

3tc i *&sw in flans' a*j'i 11 'wimi fjit &W& i sr^i (

ifan*W daq' n.

9. The words ending in g^ 5ff, and s^ are first acute. As gsr: 5rcq£ —
£fr fnn "sw (liig Veda V. 64. 1). ^— S^WR R51T SUM* (Rig Veda X. 108. 9)..
9fl- «n^ WW? (
Ri S Veda X, 27 17).

10. WoHs de-otiug color aro first-acute, when they end in Q % fa, fa,
and ?t i Thus §>!:, fft^:, TSjffl:, iff**:, €ftc7 H

<*«* I f*cfT?rTO f^JHrU *£)<?£ II

11. The initial short vowel is udatta when the word' ends with a shor*
v^wel, and denotes * habit '
: but not so when the initial vowel is, short <jr i A*
g*f3i: i But not so in « r*J: ll

<^ I 3g€ra7T393F* It

12. The word wg is first-acute, when not meaning 'to gamble.' As w^r
Rig': (Rig Veda I. 161. 13). But when it means ag^ or play, we have wgwt
^OT i,
(Rig VedaX. 34. 13).

H3 I ^TW^^ II

*a>jf othfi i sirssicF g *h\i fmn??n: ii

13. The word ^ is first-acute when meaning not equal.' '

As wxft ^TOFT
But when it denotes equal portions, e.
«'. when it means 'half': we have *£**

98 i iftrrera*ifam II

14. The words denoting ^^ or yellow-trees are 6r>t-acute. As iji r?^: It

$m: ll

uth: i htjt: i otjt; ii.

15. The words UTIT and the rest are first-acute. As tfm:, H***:, U\ *t: ll>

95 I g^OTqQ^TmiTOJ ll

««T 3 «53T I
'
T^HniW '
?fr7 HTCTWR I f^fnfrT gn: TTF3T HWT M
 —

>iirT Cn II. §?1] tne Prit SutrAs.

16. The words ending in a *nt elided-affix denoting the name of the thing
Compared are first-acute. Another reading is f*U»iT5T?*S3 I The ftufaj is tho mime
given by Eastern Grammarians to *ra elision. Thus ^ 53T in which the affix sr^
(V. 3. 96) is elided by V. 3. 98. Why do we siy l
a tja^ ending word'/ Observe

SBTironi;T!»3TOT%?;3i3i * crra sa rt*t: wsttsi w«: ami: ftfe:

i *rftja: n i i i

17. The words denoting trees and mountains, and the words cam, fatf
and irf^a are not first-acute when objects of comparison. The word fsHau quali-
fies J#g[ and tjg*?T, and means species of trees and mountains, and not th word- •

forms $g and u<3rT boto &c., aie word-forms.

I Thus fnw ^5f OTR:, irefrcf ihr:,
Cam:, fa?:, Jmja: But when we have gg ^sntf ^:,.Wr VqTTCI nan:, then
I

these two words would be first-acute by the preceding sutra.

18. The name of any particular kingdom, ending with a Htt 4

elided com-
parative affix, is first-acute, provided that the word has a Vriddhi letter in its

first syllable. The word ?ro?SfT = q\5 l Thus <WT^:, but *^r: is counter-example,
because it is not a Vriddham.

itt «raT g^a crash: HHTsifi^sRro n^^^irT: i w*?nnT: i $t*ttoy: ii

19. A word whose final 'syllable is light, or a polysyllabic word whose two
syllables are light, gets the asute on the heavy syllable, wherever that may be.
Thus m&XHB or srcuthj:; a>i 5*:^*r: or ahcr l*r: U

^o i ^fsiTOa*frratraTTiiTiJ
v » NS©\

nm 'ztnTmvjmiTi: i *<5JlrauaT| i w?wr*T i bot: • *%$t i sfmft i wgirsjTfTr.

20. The words Which are invariably feminine, the words denoting color
and words standing before the word «*T are first-acute. Feminine words as ;

*fv&*il ; denoting color, as -sifrnt, %flJ^t ;

followed by *g as —a *g: »

^<t i sispftai ^ «TO %h* II

13(5?' S?3 33TtT FITrT I ^Z' I fflfaft.- II

21. The words denoting birds have the acute on the light syllable pre-

ceding the final. Thus 5&5F3R3:, frffrlft: ll

p^ I TTrl TmrSTOTTOT*! II

Q1IT«3«lf WTlR^TTlFSf 5? I SSTO I «*«W :

II

22. The rules relating to acute accent mentioned, however, do not apply to
the names of seatons and animals. As tngpH: I metre: H
 120 The Sjddhanta Kaumud*. [Vol. III. Phit Ch. III. $1.

23. The words denoting the names of corns, and having a Vriddhi vowel
in their first syllable and ending with a sr or a ij, ure first-acute. Thus vamT'fiT:,
TTsWraT: ending m g? and a respectively. These are names of corns. These are
the examples given by the author of. the Siddhanta Kaumudi. *aTWT5RT: is how-
ever governed by Phi£ III. 18* 5fUT33iTi would be a better example. According
to another recension, the word g does not occur in the sutra. In the Phit-vritti
the sutra is explained as meaning ' The heavy vowel of words denoting corn is

acute, &c.' Thus the accent maybe St uts^t: or Srq T3f«RT:, cRi^n^fT: or wdfreiT: II

Suf^^ST*: I SRSMIi II

24. The words denoting countries and ending in a vowel, are first-acute*
As 5h ZiT2: l According to some, the accent of this word is governed by Phit II. 13
Their examples are 'WfT:, c(fT: II

^U I ^Jtfa^lOTffireireiftTflR!: til gT M

fsRW 1 w^r: h

25. A word beginning with a consonant, and ending with the lerter *f,

not being a conjunct consonant, has acute on the first syllable, or optionally on
the penultimate syllable. Thus q srsrsr or u«t *ra, *rvf%r?, or 51 5T*m I The word.
"g in the sutra is equivalent to ^ i Why do we say '
beginning with a "g^f?
O iserve S5RH: i Why do we say '
a non- conjunct W ? See w^i: I Some read
the anuvritti of the word SRcreTSTT into this sutra. They give the examples

US^TSTT*., SRTOffii:. and the counter-example q*iT*UT II

wtfz*ZtW. I ^ifa II

^f?T fe^* %r^O tTT^t II

26. A word ending in ^, 3 =r or ^ long or short, is first-acute, when it

consists of two syllables. Thus ^» fa: I Some read the anuvritti of the word 5T5|-

ITCT^TW into this sutra: and so their examples are ^ <cl: and g^fa: (9R* and iffe),
and their counter example is 3»fn Because ^ifa: is found to be end -acute inI

mi* wf atar. «fqftrav«rci (Kig Veda X. 34. 13).

CHAPTER III.

1. Up to ^aTniRl <fec, (HI- l7 ) exclusive, the words 'second syllable '

hf.T9

governing force. In all rules up to sutra 16 inclusive of this Chapter, tha

words 'second syllable' should be supplied.
Vol. III. Phit Ch. III. §8.] The Pnrr Sutras. 121

2. 'Of a word consisting of three syllables' is the phrase to be supplied

in the following sutras up to jtsrt. <fcc. Sutra 8.

5 i ^T^TirasrfafaT^ ii

3 arara: i wu i sraw n

3. Words consisting of three syllables and denoting limbs (or bodily organs)
get the acute on their second syllable, they do not begin with a
provided that
guttural, a T -oragi As ^rlrTClf I But the guttural-beginning cRtft 5H is middle
acute by Phit II. 19 and T.H1I and ST3*i are first-acute by Phit II. 6.

8 i mzfai g ii

*rera: i *r t: n

4. A trisyllabic word beginning with it has acute on the second syllable ;

As tt^u: i ttcrt: i trfe*^: n

U I ^fT^Ht OTSRT^S II

JJTcRIT I SJeTiJWT II

5. A tri-syllabic word beginning with sr and denoting vegetables, has acute

on the second. As sjTcT^IT I SFrTTTOlT l Some read the sutra as ST3T5UIJ and
illustrate it by trim II

£ i urarai irafdura if

htsu: i wan: i «racre"tof ft i *qrqTT i ^arei?! i sfam II

6. A tri-syllabic word ending in jj and beginning with a heavy syllabi®

has acute on the second. As UT?u:, mte?n: I But Wfifjj (VI. 2. 189), because
the first-syllable is light : and sftif sr (VI. 2. 192), beoause the word consists of two
syllables.

© i ^r^irs^ram
\» > -
m

*ifi i *g?iiT i ^fa i wrfr:. I ^fur i fanftn u

7. A trisyllabic word ending in g?i, wfa and *f<n has acute on the second.

As wf hi;, wth:, fonfitfi ii

« I WoFt5|^5m?3rrf5rrl w« 51 1 Id £ I y *3 mTSRT^T^TSFTSftHI fl f^^T

I 1 It

SnTHlfefg'eftilT iTcTTTl: I ITeR*: I 35<S ?c?TT3 H

8. Either the first or the second syllable of these may have the acute :

&KT (or w&), I S3 (or Cflf*), qf TOel (or HK^H), fcTrTCT (or f^efse?), ^g (oi

«i?), v? M (or *Tf8*), Srai (or ST^T), W5II (or srIi), |m (or a**/, irtcst (oi

esussT), q'tsr (or tot), ^t^tt (or qrraf ) u

16
122 The Siddhanta Kaumudi. [Vol. III. PhitCh. III.

9. In the Chhandas, several other words than *T5M &c, have acute either
on the first or on the second*

90 1 sFatm^taf g 11

10. The words mzwi &c, have acute either on the first or on the second.

As gram (or eR3*m), qf^TCT (or qjHdT), f cfSfi: or alefi:, ufWft: or irp§Tfr: 11

99 I §TTf^IRiT^^r H 9T I!

11. The first, second or the fourth syllable of ^nfer ftoftf may get the
acute-accent. a means the syllable ^ of this word. Thus sfnfor^SHT: ° r 3*1* W-
$5W or gnfajFT 5RT II

9* 1 ?ro: uraT^nrro 11

^Tfsfg <ris ^tstttiw 1 n^nasHFsra 11

12. Of a neuter noun ending in m*t the first or the f

second syllable may
be acute. The word 5?^ means srg'ScR or Neuter. Thus 3CT5ira ;TO5rw or *1^T*
3SHR5IJT II

93 I *7T«rlWI«TiJlf^si*4 II

arena: 11

13. A word ending in uhas acute on the syllable preceding such n 1 As

w&m: ii

98 I OT?rra g 5TT5m^ II

STT^TSat ^ g 33T$ *?T: I HSfTOT SW II

14. A word-ending in u has acute on the syllable s?t (if any) and on the
light syllable that may immediately
As s^rziT SWT Others read this precede it. 1

bvitraas IJIStTcU ^ ^T w^^t f a word ending in vn and having ^r or a light syllable

preceding such sn has acute on such sn and the light vowel.' They give ex-
amples of ^SfT, ffcTT, Jp*T II

9U 1 ftr^m?TOTt^ft^tfgTt3^cgf«T g 11

'W'WTr^g^TTf fgcftli cIT II

15. The following words have acute either on the penultimate or the second
syllable t—.fsjsmf*:: (or fu^Tt: or Tlj'QnW or fafsjm**:), 3*Zt&V (or 33131**:),
&&$%: (or 5Rt*g£:), &5%ll: (another reading is 3e|t*:), g5t%ra (or g^cT^).
k

9$ I ST^T^*Tfj*^^fa^5TtTOT3T?lT*J B

fg<*t3*J3nf at 11

16. The second. syllables of the following are optionally acute, si SiTTO:
(formed by tra of IV. 2. 80); eo also guTUHK , ^fa^ti:, and Ziivenzi l See Vartika
«TU3T«5! under III. 2. 49, S. 2966.
 Vol. III. Phit Oh. IV. §4.] The Phit Sutras. 123

*te i ^TT*rrer ^JTt^Tfacsrf u

17. A word ending in <5UT and beginning with a consonant, may optionally
have acute on the first syllable. As "g^QT, HTf^QT u

smmfe^Trr: fttct ii

18. The following have acnte on the first 33jta:, £1*1*:, 9*1*131:, QHTW:
if ara, ^QTfiT^, sid*, akra, ^zv, fiwa, <§ma, w&, a*ai u

<k i rf%5amTCTT5rt3e5RT^n §h ii

iiif5€cfTTT: i ms*> mm i iwjtct sitcstFcT ii

19. The word jJffiGft when meaning 'queen/ and ^TOTSKT when it is the
name of a sacrifice are first acute. As wfsift SHUT <HTOT3T 3treraif?T I ll

CHAPTER IV.

q i ^sifesrsR^irati^i tot3(h ii

3STt?* I natfz: I V&iZt II

1. Every syllable of the words aTejifs and sjsr^ is aoute by turns. Thu s
iszftz;, nmfzi, wtfti: i vizffi:. si<Ist: and sis^f : m

9 i ingsrci BI^RTJTO*TO1 II

^TmTnfUTTi: u

2. So also the word TTTC55I, when it is the name of a Brahmana. As

ill VSW., Trissai: or TTT^J§f SCT^Tar I Otherwise it will be always end-acute by
s^tKretreiffresrc (VI. 2. 139), as HiTzm trcr: u

3 i mnsTrnSreTrmcii* ii

Shi aiTOTSTHW I HTCTSTrl: II

So also the word mUcTrT. with the exception of its penultimate syllable.
3.

As HTCT9R:, quTora: and mn^rf : But the penultimate syllable s is never I

acute.

wragra: i SBT^urai: ii

So also the words ^JJSTT* with the exception of *i, wSttRij with the ex-
4.

ception of 5T, oFTSrara with the exception of *r, and WT^ftcrioR with the exception
of WT get acute in turn on every syllable. Thus ^w^Tg:, ^srfg:, ^WSIT^*: I
124 The Siddhanta Kaumudi. [Vol. III. Piut Ch. IV. §5.

w^si^j:, w5iiM&:, jpsiiraf: i gSraerra:, giTsrafsr: i wrataf sr:, su*ftin«R: or wt-

aiftrasi: i iftisi: ii

5. In the Chhandas, the words CRfa^gj and jjftsfoj get acute on every
syllable in turn. As cfifa^raj:/ gtfifijor:, ffiftriR*?!:, aiftrerar. I So also with
Ufrasi: II

S I *T3*cTCT ^rftHT II

(Rig Veda
6. The words
II. 24. 3).
jr^? and ^ have svarita accent. As ^'^tlTO I «tagSH ^'

dftfl: SJTr* II

7. The first syllables of sirere and ca'^KST are svarita.

* I ff^afsW^cU SFTwf 5\IT^yoRWlTTT5!^^gWTTrnn^: II

^sarafa i «i5gi: sRTTsTirfg^fjij i 'umsira:' (asoq) ^fa vnva ii

8. The finals of the following words are svarita; fa^i, fajga

1
, H?zf, mmm
OTS, SWU, *T5RI, WTOJ I The word fcregw=frT*TTSTT W3R €<* I §WR*lf flim-
WT3H, ff fw^T^Tcq W?q wfrf 3^: I , 8RTOT 31515^111 | Some of these are exceptions to
VI. 1. 213.

< i f^jgvrcasfhrffin ^^ftr n

9. In the Chhandas the following words are finally svarita : fs^g', M^a',

iM' I As HflT fa*3 33frTO5c| II

10. The words r^rj, ?5», S*T, and few are wholly anudatta. As ^R^Vf^
(Rig Veda VII. 101 3), ^ r*J W^ (
Ri S Veda x - 7l - 4 )» 'W'tiTW *X% W (Rig

Veda VIII. 39. 1), ftmsw (Rig Veda I. 115. 4).

WcJfilci II

11. In the Atharva Veda the word few is finally acute. The rule is not

confined to the Atharva Veda : it is so found in the Rig Veda also. As cnSSl-
3?f foww (Rig Veda I. 115. 4).

<K i from *ra*Trn: u

SITST I
Vol. III. Phit Ch. IV. §19.] Thb Phit Sutras. 125

12. The Indeclinables aro first acute. As *3tyt R

13. The upasargas are first-acute with the exception of *fa N

seror^iftrffT msTrrny i *sr i sa* i ^jt i ,'gw 3 tr* $&*• • *w* *F^
ss i 'hew s:-' (qooe) ^fa TisRTOr suns ittsi^th sf?i h w&*: i rtfi^w »

14. The words ^a and the rest are finally acute. Another reading is

TOnatanj i As ua*, n^Tf, q^ir, si I 91H 3* £_ftfw: 1 In VI 3. 78

S. 1009, the wording is first-acute according to Kasika. Thus there is an apparent
contradiction.

15. Both syllables of the words ata and the rest are acute. This debars
the general rule by which, in one word only one syllable is accented. (V£. 1. 158).

16. The*words ^r and the rest are anudatta,

«is 1 vvfth mscT^ 11

'& ^fw^aY.asn'^1 'otcth' fey 1 'TOijt iifef?^: 3*3' 11

17. The word q?n is anudatta at the end of a Pada or verse. As ??* *t'

fifflTwaY vm (Rig Veda*VIII. 75. 5). But quT'Sfr *fe

x
frT: arc?* where it is not at
the end of a verse (Rig Veda L 43. 2).

<{* I ITSRTTTfatfjW II

qUBTSrT 33TO: I W&*Zl H

18. A double- word is finally acute when it denotes tJsRTT &c. Thus nzvz'.
This would have been finally acute by Panini's rule also; VIII. 1. 11 and 12.

<k 1 shr ^jg^Tfi 11

'iin Hasr-jarre*' 1 ^amrmfsfg^ffiHJ atfwRro: 1 wprrwj 1 feafsa 1 sfn 11

?fcT fef^3 mta: UT2f: 11

19. All other double-words are anudatta. As TnmJW, (Rig Veda VII. 8. 4)
fixa f<ja (Rig Veda I. 1. 3). 11

Here end the Phit Sutras,